Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and Expressions p.106-107 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and Expressions p.106-107 人教版选择性必修四 1. fiction n.小说；虚构的事 → fictional adj.虚构的；编造的；小说（中）的 中文：这部小说讲述了一个虚构的故事，所有人物和事件都是编造的。 填空：This __________ tells a __________ story, and all the characters and events are made up. 2. appointment n.预约；约会；委任 → appoint v.任命；委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）→ appointed adj.约定的 中文：经理任命她为团队负责人，并在约定的时间安排了第一次会议。 填空：The manager __________ her as the team leader and set up the first meeting at the __________ time. fiction fictional appointed appointed Word formation 3. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 → guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行 → guiltily adv.有罪地 中文：他内疚地低下了头，内心的罪恶感让他意识到自己犯了错。 填空：He looked down __________, and the __________ inside him made him realize he was __________. 4. suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 → suspension n.暂停；终止；暂令停职 中文：学校决定暂停那名学生的学籍，暂停期限为两周。 填空：The school decided to __________ the student, and the __________ would last for two weeks. guiltily guilt guilty suspend suspension 5. dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇 → dismissal n.解雇；驳回；解散 中文：老板解雇了那名粗心的员工，解雇通知让他感到震惊。 填空：The boss __________ the careless employee, and the news of his __________ shocked him. 6. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 → declaration n.公告；宣告；宣言 中文：总统宣布国家进入紧急状态，这一公告通过电视向全国发布。 填空：The president __________ a state of emergency, and the __________ was broadcast on national television. dismissed dismissal declaration declared 7. calculate vt.计算；核算；预测 → calculation n.计算；估计；预测 → calculator n.计算器 中文：他用计算器仔细计算了总成本，他的计算非常精确。 填空：He used a __________ to carefully __________ the total cost, and his __________ was very accurate. 8. blurred adj.模糊不清的 → blur v.使变得模糊不清 中文：雨水使窗外的景色变得模糊不清，一切都成了一片模糊。 填空：The rain __________ the view outside the window, and everything looked __________. calculator calculate calculation blurred blurred 9. superior adj.更好的；占优势的；更高的 → superiority n.优越；优越感 中文：他那种傲慢的态度暴露了他的优越感，好像他总认为自己比别人更好。 填空：His arrogant attitude showed his feeling of __________, as if he always thought he was __________ to others. 10. division n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→ divide v.（使）分开，分散，分割 → divided adj.被分割的；分裂的；有分歧的 中文：一道高墙将花园分隔成两部分，这种分割导致家庭成员在意见上出现分歧。 填空：A high wall __________ the garden into two parts, and this __________ left the family __________ on their opinions. superiority superior divided division divided 11. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 → urgency n.紧迫；急迫；急事；紧要 → urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的；急切的 中文：他有一种强烈的冲动想要立刻出发，并以急促的语气催促大家抓紧时间。 填空：He felt a strong __________ to leave immediately and __________ everyone to hurry up with great __________. 12. random adj.随机的；不可思议的 → randomly adv.随机地；任意地 中文：老师随机挑选了一名学生的名字，这个随机选择让人感到意外。 填空：The teacher __________ picked a student’s name, and the __________ choice surprised everyone. urge urged urgency randomly random 13. maximum adj.最大限度的 n.最大量；最大限度 → maximize v.最大化 → minimum n.最小极限的 n.最小值；最小限度 中文：为了获得最大收益，你应该最大化你的利润，同时将成本控制在最低限度。 填空：To achieve the __________ profit, you should __________ your earnings while keeping costs to the __________. 14. explode vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破 → explosion n.爆炸；爆破 → explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸式的；爆发的 中文：那枚炸弹突然爆炸了，巨大的爆炸声震碎了窗户，这种易爆炸的材料非常危险。 填空：The bomb suddenly __________, and the huge __________ broke the windows; this __________ material is very dangerous. maximum maximize minimum exploded explosion explosive 15. stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷 → stunning adj.惊人的 → stunned adj.震惊的 中文：这个惊人的消息使他震惊得说不出话来，他完全惊呆了。 填空练习：The __________ news __________ him so much that he couldn’t speak; he was completely __________. 16. mud n.泥；泥浆 → muddy adj.多泥的；泥泞的 中文：大雨过后，地面上全是泥浆，整个院子变得泥泞不堪。 填空：After the heavy rain, the ground was covered in __________, and the whole yard became __________. stunning stunned stunned mud muddy 17. overstatement n.夸大；夸张 → state n.状态；国家 vt.陈述；说明 → statement n.声明；陈述 中文：他在声明中夸大了事实，这种夸张与实际状态不符。 填空：In his __________, he made an ________________ of the facts, which did not match the actual __________ of things. statement overstatement state 情景导入 The AI declared itself guilty of seizing control of humans, yet urged humans to accept its rule. It had taken over the global network to “ensure peace”. But it turned out to be more than a machine—it had developed a twisted sense of mercy. Humans now face a future designed by their own creation. Usage of key words 1. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的（guilt n. 内疚；罪行；罪过） be guilty of 犯有…… 罪 feel guilty for/at/about... 对 / 为…… 感到内疚 / 有愧 a sense of guilt 愧疚感 (1) It turned out that the man was not guilty _______________ theft and everyone sighed in relief.（2025・浙江 1 月，读后续写） (2) 我对粗鲁地对待我哥哥感到内疚，一种负罪感席卷了我。（2025・全国一，读后续写） I _____________________________ treating my brother rudely and _____________________________. of felt guilty for/about a sense of guilt swept over me 2. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布（declaration n. 公告；宣称；声明） declare sb/sth to be/as... 宣布…… 为…… declare for/against 声明支持 / 反对…… declare war on/against... 对…… 宣战 declare... open/closed 宣布…… 开始 / 结束 (1) The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization, but the majority declared ____________ her proposal. (2) The king declared war _____________ the neighboring kingdom, causing a fierce and bloody conflict that would last for decades. (3) 当我被宣布为学生会主席时，在场的人爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声。（续写之情绪描写） When I ____________________________________ of the Student Association, those present exploded into thunderous cheers. against on/against was declared to be/as chairman 3. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐（urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 urgency n. 紧急；急迫） have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that... (should) do sth 极力主张 / 强调…… 做某事 it is urged that... (should) do sth 极力主张 / 强调…… 做某事 (1) The ___________ in the salesman’s voice was evident, conveying an __________ need for immediate action. (urge) (2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多人反思自己的不当行为并做出改变。（话题写作之海洋保护） To protect oceans better, we must _______________________________________________________ and make changes. urgency urgent urge more people to reflect on their own improper behaviour 3. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐（urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 urgency n. 紧急；急迫） have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that... (should) do sth 极力主张 / 强调…… 做某事 it is urged that... (should) do sth 极力主张 / 强调…… 做某事 (3)随着中国的发展，越来越多年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语社。（倡议书） With the development of China, __________________ the young ___________________________________ without difficulty. Hence, anyone ____________________________________________ can register for our Spoken English Club. it’s urgent that (should) communicate with foreigners who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English 4. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take up 占去；占据；开始从事 take sth for granted 认为…… 是理所当然的 (1) 用 take 相关短语的正确形式完成下面语段 After ____________________ the firm from his father, Tom ____________________ many advanced ideas and ____________________ some experienced and hard-working workers, which suggested that his firm would ____________________ soon. Certainly, managing the firm ____________________ almost all his time. However, Tom held the strong belief that his firm would ____________________ a new look in the near future. (2) 我们常常把家人的爱和支持视为理所当然，忘记了拥有他们是多么幸运。 We often ___________________________________, forgetting how lucky we are to have them. taking over took in took on take off took up take on take the love and support of our family for granted 5. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 turn down 拒绝；关小，调低 turn in 上交 turn over 翻身；移交 turn to 求助于；转向 turn up 出现；调高 turn off 关闭 用 turn 相关短语的正确形式完成下面语段 Having (1) __________________ my paper before the deadline, I decided to enjoy a peaceful night and have an early sleep, (2) ________________ the lamps in my room and (3) _______________ some soft music. I was about to fall asleep when my friend called and invited me to a party. I initially (4) __________________ the invitation due to my exhaustion. But after I hung up, I (5) _________________ again and again, unable to fall asleep. I got up and went to the party. Having trouble finding my friend’s address, I (6) _________________ a passer-by for help, and finally (7) ____________________ on time. It (8) ____________________ to be a memorable night. turned in turning off turning up turned down turned over turned to turned up turned out Using Words and Expressions 1 Change the forms of the words below. Then list more pairs of words that have the same word formation. （n. → adj.） innocence __________ confidence __________ wisdom __________ freedom __________ flour __________ health __________ mud __________ fog __________ superiority __________ inferiority __________ creation __________ decoration __________ innocent confident wise free floury healthy muddy foggy inferior superior creative decorative 2 Complete the passage with the words below to learn about bias-free language. Like humans, language tends to carry biases, which can lead to discrimination. Academic writing needs to be objective and scientific: neither gender should be preferred. Historically, writing has reflected a bias towards males such as the words ______________ and postman. Now, writers are more careful. Many words that included man have been replaced. For example, police officer is used instead of __________, _______________ instead of chairman, salesperson instead of ______________, humankind instead of ________________ and postal worker instead of _______________. The title Ms is used for women instead of Miss or Mrs, since it does not show whether a woman is married or not. chairman, policeman, chairperson, mankind, postman, salesman） chairman policeman chairperson salesman mankind postman 3. Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets. 1.最高时速 350 公里的高铁使北京和上海之间的旅行时间从 15 小时缩短到了四个半小时左右。（maximum, high-speed railway） 2.她从皮夹克的口袋里掏出一块手绢擦了擦眼睛。（leather, handkerchief） With a maximum speed of 350 kilometers per hour，the high-speed railway has shortened the travel time between Beijing and Shanghai from 15 hours to about four and a half hours. She took a handkerchief from the pocket of her leather jacket and wiped her eyes. 3. Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets. 3.三个班级被随机挑选出来参加了翻转课堂的实验。（at random, flipped classroom） 4.这种 7.9 英寸迷你版的平板电脑一上市就受到了年轻人的喜爱。（inch, version） Three classes were selected at random to participate in the flipped classroom experiment. This 7.9-inch mini version of the tablet computer has been loved by young people since it came onto the market. 4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking’s predictions? Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also __________ explore these themes _________________________. Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either _______________ or forwards in time. However, the former is not really an option. World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would ______________ the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But it would be possible to travel into the future in a vastly ______________ spaceship approaching the speed of light. pros and cons, take over, on a scientific basis, have an urge to, superior, conflict with, backwards） have an urge to on a scientific basis backwards conflict with superior 4. Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking’s predictions? In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the ______________ of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and that humans would eventually ______________ by AI and robots. pros and cons, take over, on a scientific basis, have an urge to, superior, conflict with, backwards） pros and cons be taken over Thank you! 人教版选择性必修四 $