Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元提升强化训练-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4　Adversity and Courage Ⅰ.阅读理解 A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch. No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills(满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday,Jan.22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 1.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research. 2.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18. 3.What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B.Work even in bad weather. C.Wear a team uniform. D.Do at least three projects. B The Amazon Rainforest,often called the “lungs of the Earth”,has always mesmerized me with its biodiversity (生物多样性) and local tribes (部落).When I had the chance to join a research expedition,I took it,excited about the adventure ahead.I didn’t know it would be a great experience. The journey into the rainforest was tough,such as the dense leaves,endless rain and the sound of insects and animals.However,the beauty of the rainforest was amazing. One of the most exciting parts of the trip was meeting a local tribe.Their way of life,so connected to nature,was different from our urban lives.Learning about their customs and understanding their relationship with the rainforest was a special experience.It made me realize how separated from nature we have become in the technological advancement. The trip was not without challenges.Walking in the forest,dealing with the bad weather and dealing with the fear of the unknown tested our willpower.However,every challenge we overcame brought a sense of achievement and strengthened our team bond.It taught me the importance of teamwork and adaptability. As we left the rainforest,I recalled the impact the trip had on me.It was not just an adventure but a journey of self-discovery. My trip to the Amazon rainforest was a meaningful experience.It was a journey that pushed my boundaries(边界) taught me valuable lessons and left me with unforgettable memories.It was not just a trip,but an exploration of the unknown and a reminder of our responsibility towards our planet.The adventure may have ended,but the journey continues,as I carry the lessons and memories with me,influencing my life and choices. 4.Which of the following best explains “mesmerized” underlined in paragraph 1? A.Puzzled. B.Moved. C.Attracted. D.Defeated. 5.Which word can describe the relation between the local tribe and the rainforest? A.Exciting. B.Close. C.Relaxing. D.Separated. 6.What can we learn about the trip from paragraph 4? A.It’s dangerous and meaningless. B.It’s funny but unbearable. C.It’s important and interesting. D.It’s challenging but worthwhile. 7.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A.The meaning of the trip. B.The experience of the trip. C.The memory of the trip. D.The purpose of the trip. Ⅱ.七选五 More than 40 percent of Antarctica’s ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years,potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more landice to flow into the ocean. 　1　 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退),ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise.  Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving,which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.　2　 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off.  In West Antarctica,the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses,shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period.Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however,increased in volume or stayed the same.　3　 Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast,which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.Even so,the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves,and researchers are still investigating the reasons.　4　  The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet,but it would be a remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger.　5　 But we don’t need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet.  A.Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B.Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C.The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D.The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment,too. E.Ice shelves not just the big ones,are,steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. F.One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G.Additionally,climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed,eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. Ⅲ.完形填空 I almost died when I fell into the boiling water at the age of three.The 　1　 left me with serious burns and scars (伤疤) all over my body.I spent many years in hospital having hundreds of 　2　,which meant years and years of skin grafts (移植).  In my teens,I realized that I was 　3　 to my friends.They were all beautiful young ladies and I had these terrible scars under my clothes which made me feel ugly.　4　,swimming helped me a lot.I can’t 　5　 that I was burned in the water and yet it also helped to 　6　 me.In the water I was at my happiest.  I was a competitive swimmer for many years and then was 　7　 to be a swimming teacher for the local swim club.Even though 　8　 in a gym is difficult for me,swimming is much 　9　 as I can sweat in the pool.  This year I swam from Asia to Europe alongside the talented physical sports expert Professor Greg.I swam close to Greg asking for his 　10　 in a swim challenge and he agreed to help me out.When I climbed out,I broke down and wept and just couldn’t control my 　11　.I was told afterwards that I 　12　 in one hour and 28 minutes.I couldn’t believe it as I kept stopping wanting to 　13　 but Greg really inspired me all the way to the finish.  I was doing this for all those people who had 　14　 years of self body hating,severe depression (严重抑郁),low self-confidence and of course my wonderful families.　15　 women are survivors of life.  1.A.opportunity B.failure C.trouble D.accident 2.A.operations B.missions C.experiments D.experiences 3.A.close B.different C.same D.faithful 4.A.Obviously B.Immediately C.Luckily D.Suddenly 5.A.prove B.believe C.ensure D.accept 6.A.persuade B.educate C.save D.remember 7.A.trained B.forced C.requested D.refused 8.A.researching B.exercising C.struggling D.surviving 9.A.cooler B.easier C.happier D.commoner 10.A.opinion B.permission C.forgiveness D.support 11.A.feelings B.ideas C.words D.dreams 12.A.gathered B.failed C.returned D.finished 13.A.stay up B.watch out C.give up D.show off 14.A.suffered B.forgotten C.learnt D.sought 15.A.Talented B.Graceful C.Energetic D.Strong Ⅳ.语法填空 The green grass and bare rock of Macquarie Island’s landscape contrast dramatically,giving it a wild and natural beauty. But the island’s more recent history tells 1. 　　　　　　 tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice,which quickly took over the island,2.　　　　　(eat) the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats 3.　　　　　(bring) to the island to control the rats and mice.4. 　　　　　　(fortunate),the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds,too.  Meanwhile,rabbits were introduced to the island 5.　　　　　　 a source of food for humans.Loose on the island,6.　　　　　　 did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes,7.　　　　　　 caused soil erosion.The exploding rabbit population 8.　　　　　　(provide) plentiful food for the cats,meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to 9.　　　　　　(much) cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets,once large in number and native to the island,died out in 1891.  In 2014,Macquarie Island was declared pest-free and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to 10. 　　　　　　(recover). 参考答案 Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.”可知,这个团队的目的是为了保护当地的生态系统。 2.B　细节理解题。根据“AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING”部分的第一段第一句“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,加入这个团队的志愿者最低年龄限制为10岁。 3.B　细节理解题。根据“AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING”部分的第三段第一句“We’ll be working rain or shine.”可知,做这份工作需要风雨无阻,即志愿者甚至在天气不好时也会工作。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去亚马孙雨林进行研究探险的经历和感悟。 4.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词下一句“When I had the chance to join a research expedition,I took it,excited about the adventure ahead.”可知,作者对即将去亚马孙雨林参加研究探险感到非常兴奋,再结合画线词后的“me with its biodiversity and local tribes”可知,亚马孙雨林的生物多样性和当地部落对作者很有吸引力。mesmerized意为“迷住,吸引”,与attracted意思相近。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their way of life,so connected to nature,was different from our urban lives.”可知,当地部落的生活方式与自然紧密相连,二者的关系很紧密。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第四段“However,every challenge we overcame brought a sense of achievement and strengthened our team bond.It taught me the importance of teamwork and adaptability.”可知,这次旅行虽然很有挑战,但也非常值得。 7.A　主旨大意题。最后一段提到“我的亚马孙雨林之旅是一次有意义的经历。这段旅程突破了我的界限,给我上了宝贵的一课,给我留下了难忘的回忆。这不仅仅是一次旅行,还是对未知事物的探索,提醒我们对地球的责任。冒险可能已经结束,但旅程仍在继续,因为我带着教训和记忆,影响着我的生活和选择。”由此可知,最后一段主要讲述了这次旅行的意义。 Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在过去的25年里,南极洲已经减少40%以上的冰架,这可能会使更多的陆地冰川流入海洋,从而加速海平面上升。 1.B　根据下文“They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall”可知,空处引出下文,介绍什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文They所指代的对象,说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块,它们起着重要的作用。 2.A　上文说明冰架是可以自然地消退和增长的。空处承接上文,表明冰架会融化或崩解,也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和上文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。A项“然后它可以获取冰,然后再次生长”符合语境。 3.C　根据上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however,increased in volume or stayed the same.”可知,空处承接上文,说明了南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。C项“东部不像大陆的另一边那样暴露在温暖的海水中”符合语境。 4.F　上文“Even so,the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves,and researchers are still investigating the reasons.”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。F项中的One theory 和上文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应,表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水可能正慢慢进入该地区。 5.G　上文说明虽然数据还不足以明确地将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来,但是因为冰架的变化非常大,所以还是推测和气候变化有关。G项中的Additionally和上文是递进关系,表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测出气候变暖让冰架不断减少,最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。 Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者儿时因为一场意外全身烫伤,在经历了痛苦的遭遇后,她爱上了游泳这项运动,并成功从亚洲游到了欧洲,成了一名坚强的女性。 1.D　根据上文的“I almost died when I fell into the boiling water at the age of three.”可知,作者三岁时掉进了滚烫的水中,这场意外事故(accident)给作者全身留下了疤痕。 2.A　根据上文的“I spent many years in hospital”和下文的“years and years of skin grafts”可知,作者在医院里做了数百次手术(operations)进行皮肤移植。 3.B　根据下文的“They were all beautiful young ladies and I had these terrible scars under my clothes”可知,作者的朋友们都是漂亮的女士,所以作者意识到自己和她的朋友们不同(different)。 4.C　根据下文的“swimming helped me a lot”可知,幸运的是(Luckily),游泳帮助了作者很多。 5.B　根据上文的“I almost died when I fell into the boiling water at the age of three.The 　　　left me with serious burns and scars all over my body.”可知,作者不敢相信(believe)在水里被烫伤了。   6.C　根据下文的“In the water I was at my happiest.”可知,作者在水里是最快乐的。由此可推知,作者在水里被烫伤了,但是水也救了(saved)作者。 7.A　根据下文的“to be a swimming teacher for the local swim club”可知,作者被训练(trained)成为游泳俱乐部的一名游泳老师。 8.B　根据下文的“in a gym”可知,对于作者来说,在健身房锻炼(exercising)很困难。 9.B　根据上文的“　　　 in a gym is difficult for me”可知,对于作者来说,游泳要更容易(easier)。  10.D　根据下文的“he agreed to help me out”可知,作者请求格雷格的帮助(support)。 11.A　根据上文的“I broke down and wept”可知,作者崩溃了,哭了起来,无法控制自己的情绪(feelings)。 12.D　根据下文的“but Greg really inspired me all the way to the finish”可知,格雷格激励着作者直到终点。由此可知,作者完成了(finished)比赛。 13.C　根据下文的“but Greg really inspired me all the way to the finish”可知,作者一直想要放弃(give up),但是格雷格一直在激励作者到终点。 14.A　根据下文的“self body hating,severe depression,low self-confidence”可知,作者这么做是为了那些年所遭受的(suffered)痛苦。 15.D　根据上文的“I was told afterwards that I 　　　in one hour and 28 minutes.”及全文内容,作者在经历了很痛苦的遭遇后,依然坚强完成了比赛,所以作者是个坚强的(Strong)人。  Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在麦夸里岛各种物种的入侵所造成的影响以及解决办法。 1.a　考查冠词。story此处为泛指,且tragic是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。 2.eating　考查非谓语动词。eat与逻辑主语rats and mice构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语,故填eating。 3.were brought　考查动词时态和语态。结合上文可知,事情发生在过去,且主语和谓语为被动关系,故填were brought。 4.Unfortunately　考查副词。所填的词修饰整个句子,所以用副词形式,首字母大写,故填Unfortunately。 5.as　考查介词。所填的词后跟名词作宾语,表示“作为”,应用介词as。 6.they　考查代词。所填的词作主语,指代上文rabbits,应用代词they。 7.which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。 8.provided　考查动词时态。根据下文the number of cats also increased可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填provided。 9.more　考查形容词比较级。句意:这反过来又导致了更多的猫捕食鸟类。此处表示“更多的”应用形容词比较级more。 10.recovery　考查名词。所填的词作介词的宾语,应用名词recovery,表抽象意义,不可数。 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $