Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）选词填空进阶练12篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害与防范”主题，通过基础、进阶、综合三级难度分层的12篇选词填空，系统提升词汇应用与语境理解能力，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础入门训练|4篇|选项选词（A-E或单词列表），单空考查基础词汇（如powerful, damage）|从核心词汇积累切入，建立自然灾害基础概念与防范行为的语言关联| |进阶拓展训练|4篇|词形变化填空（如动词时态、形容词比较级），含多余选项|在基础词汇上拓展语境复杂度，关联地理因素（如plains, mountains）与灾害影响分析| |能力综合实践|4篇|综合话题填空（如disaster prevention, survival skills），融合单元对话与课文内容|整合主题知识，实现从词汇应用到灾害防范综合表达的逻辑提升，体现学习能力的迁移|

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）选词填空进阶练12篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练4篇 A．powerful      B．prepare for      C．damage      D．suddenly     E.However Typhoons are among the most 1 weather systems in the world. These huge storms form over warm ocean waters and can span hundreds of kilometres. The strong winds and heavy rainfall they bring often cause serious 2 to coastal areas, including flooding, landslides, and destruction of buildings. Weather conditions can change 3 when a typhoon approaches. The sky may darken quickly, winds grow stronger minute by minute, and rain begins to pour heavily. This is why it’s crucial to monitor weather updates during typhoon season. 4 , with proper knowledge and preparation, we can significantly reduce the risks. Before typhoon season begins, families should discuss emergency plans and assemble disaster supply kits. During a typhoon, it’s safest to stay indoors, away from windows, and if authorities recommend evacuation, we should follow their advice promptly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．E 【导语】本文讲述了台风的相关信息，包括其强大、造成的破坏、天气变化情况以及应对台风的正确做法。 1．句意：台风是世界上最强大的天气系统之一。among the most后接形容词原级，构成最高级结构，powerful意为“强大的”，符合描述台风威力的语境。 2．句意：它们带来的强风和暴雨常常给沿海地区造成严重破坏。cause后接名词作宾语，damage意为“破坏”，符合强风和暴雨对沿海地区造成影响的语境。 3．句意：当台风接近时，天气状况可能会突然变化。change是动词，需用副词修饰，suddenly意为“突然地”，符合天气在台风接近时快速变化的语境。 4．句意：然而，有了正确的知识和准备，我们可以显著降低风险。前文描述台风的危害，后文说降低风险，前后是转折关系，However意为“然而”，符合语境。 fall   sorry   action   quick   they   during   stay   powerful   move   although Earthquakes are one of the most 1 natural disasters on our planet. They can have a terrible influence on our lives. Recently, the earthquake in Myanmar (缅甸) had a magnitude (震级) of 7.9. It was so strong that many buildings 2 down and sadly took the lives of many people. We felt so 3 for the disaster, and at the same time, it also reminded us of the importance of being prepared for such events. To stay safe during an earthquake, we must take some necessary 4 . First, if we are indoors, 5 hide under a strong desk or a table. Keep away from windows and large objects that could fall. Second, if we are outside, 6 to an open place. Scientists are always working hard to know about earthquakes better. They use special tools to study 7 , hoping to predict when they might happen in the future. 8 we can’t stop earthquakes from happening, learning about them and knowing how 9 safe can help us be better prepared. Remember: staying calm and trying to protect ourselves 10 an earthquake are very important. 【答案】 1．powerful 2．fell 3．sorry 4．actions 5．quickly 6．move 7．them 8．Although 9．to stay 10．during 【导语】本文围绕地震这一自然灾害展开，介绍了地震的巨大破坏力，以缅甸7.9级地震为例说明其危害，同时给出了地震发生时的室内、室外避险措施，还提及科学家对地震的研究，强调了解地震知识、掌握避险方法在地震发生时的重要性。 1．句意：地震是地球上最具破坏力的自然灾害之一。根据“one of the most … natural disasters”和备选词可知，此处需填形容词，powerful“强大的，具有破坏力的” 符合语境，构成“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构。故填powerful。 2．句意：地震的威力如此之大，许多建筑物倒塌，不幸夺走了许多人的生命。根据“many buildings … down”和备选词可知，此处指建筑物倒塌，fall down是固定搭配，意为“倒塌”，结合前文时态可知用一般过去时，fall的过去式是fell。故填fell。 3．句意：我们为这场灾难感到万分难过，同时，它也提醒我们为这类事件做好准备的重要性。根据“for the disaster”和备选词可知，此处指为灾难感到难过，feel sorry for是固定搭配，意为“为……感到难过”。故填sorry。 4．句意：为了在地震中保证安全，我们必须采取一些必要的措施。根据“take some necessary”和备选词可知，此处指采取措施，take actions是固定搭配，意为“采取行动，采取措施”，action“行动”需用复数形式。故填actions。 5．句意：首先，如果我们在室内，迅速躲到坚固的书桌或桌子下面。根据“hide under a strong desk or a table”和备选词可知，此处需用副词修饰动词hide，quick的副词形式quickly“迅速地”符合语境。故填quickly。 6．句意：其次，如果我们在室外，转移到开阔的地方。根据“to an open place”和备选词可知，此处指转移到安全区域，move“移动，转移” 符合语境，此处为祈使句，用动词原形。故填move。 7．句意：他们使用特殊工具研究地震，希望能预测未来地震可能发生的时间。根据前文“Scientists are always working hard to know about earthquakes better”和备选词可知，they“它们”符合语境，此处应用其宾格them指代前文的earthquakes，作study的宾语。故填them。 8．句意：虽然我们无法阻止地震的发生，但了解地震知识并知道如何保证自身安全能帮助我们做好更充分的准备。根据“... we can’t stop earthquakes from happening, learning about them ...”和备选词可知，此处表让步，although“虽然，尽管”符合语境，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although。 9．句意：虽然我们无法阻止地震的发生，但了解地震知识并知道如何保证自身安全能帮助我们做好更充分的准备。根据“how ... safe”和备选词可知，此处是“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构，stay safe是固定搭配，意为“保证安全”，故填to stay。 10．句意：记住：地震发生时保持冷静并尽力保护自己是非常重要的。根据“an earthquake”和备选词可知，此处指在地震期间，during“在……期间”符合语境。故填during。 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了2024年夏天欧洲多国遭遇严重热浪，高温带来诸多问题，以及当地政府和志愿者采取的应对措施，专家呼吁保护环境以应对极端天气。 1．句意：一些地区的气温达到了45摄氏度，远高于往年平均气温。根据“The temperature in some areas...45 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示温度“达到”某一数值，描述过去发生的事件用一般过去时，选项D“reached”意为“达到”，为过去式，符合语境。 2．句意：由于高温，许多老人和孩子患上了与高温相关的疾病。根据“heat-related illnesses”可知，此处表示“患病”，时态是一般过去时，选项A“suffered from”意为“遭受，患（病）”，其中“suffered”为过去式，符合语境。 3．句意：农民们也遇到了大麻烦——由于缺少雨水，他们的庄稼干枯了，一些农场动物也因酷热而死亡。“the lack of rain”是名词短语，表示“缺少雨水”，是农作物干枯的原因。选项E“because of”意为“由于，因为”，后接名词或名词短语，符合语境。选项B“because”意为“因为”，后接句子，故排除。 4．句意：为了应对热浪，政府建议人们在一天中最热的时段待在室内，并多喝水。根据“To deal with the heatwave”可知，喝大量的水是应对高温天气的方法之一，选项C“plenty of”意为“大量的”，可修饰不可数名词“water”。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 keep, protect, hide, storm, earthquake, prepare, feel, hear, happen, stay Natural disasters can strike without warning. When an 1 occurs, you should 2 under a strong table or desk. During a 3 , it’s best to 4 inside and keep windows closed. You must 5 yourself from falling objects. Last month, a sudden storm happened in our city. I 6 the weather warning on TV and 7 emergency supplies. My little brother 8 nervous, but I told him to breathe deeply. Remember: no matter what 9 , we should 10 calm and follow safety rules. 【答案】 1．earthquake 2．hide 3．storm 4．stay 5．protect 6．heard 7．prepared 8．felt 9．happens 10．keep 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在发生地震、风暴等自然灾害时应采取的安全措施，包括正确的躲避位置、室内防护、获取预警信息、准备应急物资以及保持冷静、遵守安全规则，并以一次风暴经历为例加以说明。 1．句意：当地震发生时，你应该躲在结实的桌子或书桌下。根据“When an...occurs”可知，此处是句子的主语，表示一种自然灾害；选用earthquake“地震”。故填earthquake。 2．句意：当地震发生时，你应该躲在结实的桌子或书桌下。根据“you should...under a strong table”可知，情态动词should后接动词原形；选用hide“躲藏”。故填hide。 3．句意：在风暴期间，最好待在室内并关好窗户。根据“During a...”可知，此处位于介词During后，应填表示自然灾害的名词；选用storm“风暴”。故填storm。 4．句意：在风暴期间，最好待在室内并关好窗户。根据“it’s best to...inside”可知，it’s best to do sth.“最好做某事”；选用stay“停留”，stay inside“待在室内”。故填stay。 5．句意：你必须保护自己免受坠落物的伤害。根据“You must...yourself from falling objects.”可知，情态动词must后接动词原形；protect sb. from sth.“保护某人免受……伤害”。故填protect。 6．句意：我在电视上听到了天气预警。根据“I...the weather warning on TV”可知，句子描述过去事件，应用一般过去时；选用hear“听到”，过去式为heard。故填heard。 7．句意：（我）准备了应急物资。根据“...emergency supplies”可知，空格与heard并列作谓语，描述过去事件；选用prepare“准备”，过去式为prepared。故填prepared。 8．句意：我的弟弟感到紧张。根据“My little brother...nervous”可知，句子描述过去状态，应用一般过去时；feel nervous“感到紧张”，过去式为felt。故填felt。 9．句意：记住：无论发生什么，我们都应该保持冷静并遵守安全规则。根据“no matter what...”可知，what引导宾语从句，空格是从句的谓语；主语what为第三人称单数，应用一般现在时；选用happen“发生”，第三人称单数形式为happens。故填happens。 10．句意：记住：无论发生什么，我们都应该保持冷静并遵守安全规则。根据“we should...calm and follow safety rules”可知，情态动词should后接动词原形；keep calm“保持冷静”。故填keep。 进阶拓展训练4篇 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词 仅用一次。 such   strong   walk   eighty   explain   by   stay   although    scare   normally In April 2025, Hubei Province experienced unusual strong winds, causing problems for local people. 1 spring in Hubei is warm with gentle breezes (which means soft winds), but this time, powerful winds swept across cities like Wuhan and Xiangyang, and the winds reached speeds of over 2 kilometres per hour. Before the strong winds arrived, the weather was dry and warm. Meteorologists (气象学家) 3 that a sudden drop in air pressure caused by a cold front from the north led to the strong winds. Geographically, Hubei is in central China. It is mostly made up of plains (平原) and mountains, so the winds are 4 in open areas. But they were weaker in mountainous regions because mountains blocked their paths. Trees were uprooted, and some advertisement signs fell, blocking roads. Many outdoor activities were cancelled, and people were advised to 5 indoors. To stay safe, experts suggested avoiding 6 near tall buildings and closing windows tightly. 7 strong winds in Hubei were very unusual. Many people felt 8 and terrible. 9 the winds did bring people much trouble, they also had some benefits. For example, they helped 10 blowing away smog (雾霾), making the sky clearer. Farmers also welcomed them because they not only kept mold away from damaging crops and brought needed rain, but also helped reduce air pollution. 【答案】 1．Normally 2．eighty 3．explained 4．stronger 5．stay 6．walking 7．Such 8．scared 9．Although 10．by 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2025年4月湖北省遭遇异常强风的情况，包括风速、成因、地理影响、造成的破坏、人们的应对措施以及强风带来的利弊。 1．句意：通常湖北的春天温暖且微风轻拂 (意思是轻柔的风)，但这次，强风席卷了武汉和襄阳等城市。根据“spring in Hubei is warm with gentle breezes…”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，表示通常的情况，因此用normal的副词形式normally“通常”。故填Normally。 2．句意：风速超过了每小时八十公里。根据“kilometres per hour”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个数词来表示风速，因此用eighty“八十”。故填eighty。 3．句意：气象学家解释说，来自北方的冷锋导致的气压突然下降引发了强风。根据“that a sudden drop in air pressure caused by a cold front from the north led to the strong winds.”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个动词来表示气象学家的解释，因此用explain“解释”；句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，explain的过去式是explained。故填explained。 4．句意：所以风在开阔地区更强。根据“in open areas”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个形容词的比较级来表示风在开阔地区更强，因此用strong的比较级stronger“更强的”。故填stronger。 5．句意：许多户外活动被取消，人们被建议待在室内。根据“indoors”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个动词来表示人们被建议待在室内，因此用stay“待在”；be advised to do sth.表示“被建议做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填stay。 6．句意：为了安全起见，专家建议避免在高楼附近行走，并紧闭窗户。根据“near tall buildings”和备选词汇可知，避免在高楼附近行走，avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，固定用法因此walking“行走”。故填walking。 7．句意：湖北如此强的风非常不寻常。根据“strong winds”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，表示如此强的风，因此用such“如此的”，位于句首首字母大写。故填Such。 8．句意：许多人感到害怕和糟糕。根据“and terrible”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个形容词来表示人们的感受，与terrible并列，因此用scare的形容词形式scared“害怕的”。故填scared。 9．句意：尽管风确实给人们带来了很多麻烦，但它们也有一些好处。根据“the winds did bring people much trouble”和“they also had some benefits”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，因此用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句，位于句首首字母大写。故填Although。 10．句意：例如，它们通过吹散雾霾来改善环境，让天空更清澈。根据“blowing away smog (雾霾)”和备选词汇可知，此处需要一个介词来表示方式，即风通过吹走雾霾来使天空更清澈，因此用by“通过”。故填by。 阅读下面短文，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。(提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。) give away \ forming \ sign \ report \ powerful \ carry away \ suddenly A tsunami is a very large and 1 ocean wave, usually caused by earthquakes under the sea. When the ocean floor moves 2 , huge amounts of water are pushed upward, 3 strong waves. As a tsunami travels across the ocean, it moves very fast. When it gets close to the coast, the water becomes shallow, and the waves grow taller and stronger. Tsunamis can destroy houses, 4 cars, and hurt people. Before a tsunami arrives, the sea often pulls back sharply. If you see the 5 , you should run to higher ground at once. It is important to stay calm and follow safety rules. 【答案】1．powerful 2．suddenly 3．forming 4．carry away 5．sign 【导语】本文介绍了海啸的形成原因、运动特征及其破坏力，并提醒人们在海啸来临前注意海水异常退去的迹象，及时撤离到高地。 1．句意：海啸是一种非常巨大且强大的海洋波浪。“a very large and...ocean wave”表示“巨大且强大的海洋波浪”，需用形容词修饰名词。选项“powerful”符合语义，表示“强大的”。 2．句意：当海底突然移动时，大量的水被向上推。“When the ocean floor moves...”表示“当海底突然移动时”，需用副词修饰动词moves。选项“suddenly”符合语义，表示“突然地”。 3．句意：形成强大的波浪。“...strong waves”表示“形成强大的波浪”，需用动词的现在分词作结果状语。选项“forming”符合语法，表示“形成”。 4．句意：海啸可以摧毁房屋、冲走汽车并伤害人们。“destroy houses,...cars”表示“摧毁房屋、冲走汽车”，需用动词原形与destroy并列。选项“carry away”符合语义，表示“冲走”。 5．句意：如果你看到这个迹象，你应该立即跑到更高的地方。“see the...”表示“看到这个迹象”，需用名词作宾语。选项“sign”符合语义，表示“迹象、征兆”。 将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．Rapidly B．cover C． alarm D．exit E. rush Last Tuesday morning, our school held a fire drill. At 9 o’ clock, the sharp fire 1 suddenly rang through the hallway. Our teacher immediately stood up and told us,“Don’t 2 —line up quietly by the door！” We moved 3 down the stairs, keeping a safe distance from each other. Before reaching the playground, the teacher reminded us to use our sleeves to 4 our noses—this is how we practise protecting ourselves from smoke in a real fire. After everyone gathered safely, the headmaster praised us for following the rules well. This drill helped us remember what to do when danger comes. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了上周二上午学校举行的一次消防演习，介绍了演习过程中师生们的正确做法以及演习的意义。 1．句意：九点钟时，尖锐的火警警报突然在走廊里响起。根据“fire”和“rang through the hallway”可知，此处指火警警报器，因此用alarm“警报器”，作句子主语。故选C。 2．句意：我们的老师立刻站起来对我们说：“不要跑——在门口安静排队！”根据“Don’t”和“line up quietly”可知，老师让我们不要奔跑，因此用rush“奔跑”，用在祈使句否定结构中。故选E。 3．句意：我们快速地走下楼梯，彼此保持安全距离。根据“moved down the stairs”和“keeping a safe distance”可知，我们快速下楼，因此用Rapidly，副词，修饰动词moved。故选A。 4．句意：在到达操场前，老师提醒我们用袖子捂住鼻子——这是我们练习在真实火灾中保护自己免受烟雾侵害的方式。根据“use our sleeves to”和“protecting ourselves from smoke”可知，老师提醒我们用袖子捂住鼻子，因此用cover“覆盖，捂住”。故选B。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 —their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned—but they kept working. Even 4 their best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure campfires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves—we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 【答案】 1．mixing 2．burned 3．hurt 4．with 5．when 6．hard 7．trouble 8．kids 9．careful 10．passengers 【导语】本文主要讲述了去年夏天发生在小镇附近的一场严重森林火灾，分析了火灾难以扑灭的原因，并强调了森林防火的重要性，呼吁大家特别是孩子们要负起责任、遵守规则，预防火灾。 1．句意：那是因为风很大，将火焰和干树叶混合在一起，使其蔓延得更快。根据空后“the flames (火焰) with dry leaves”可知，此处表示“将……和……混合”，应用 mix…with… 结构。mixing为现在分词作伴随状语，表示主动和伴随，即“风很大，（同时）将火焰和树叶混合在一起”，说明风大带来的伴随结果。故填mixing。 2．句意：大火燃烧了数天，摧毁了附近的树木和房屋。根据“It was a real disaster.”可知，时态为一般过去时，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。burn的过去式为burned。故填burned。 3．句意：一些消防员受伤了——他们的手、脸、胳膊和腿都被烧伤了——但他们继续工作。根据后文“their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned”可知，消防员受伤了。get hurt是固定搭配，意为“受伤”。故填hurt。 4．句意：尽管他们尽了最大努力，大部分森林还是被摧毁了。根据“their best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed”可知，尽管消防员努力，但森林仍被摧毁，表示让步关系。with one’s best efforts 是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力”。故填with。 5．句意：因为当火灾变得太大时，它们就会变得非常危险。根据“fires grow too big, they become very dangerous”可知，此处表示时间条件，即“当……时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 6．句意：热量太高，风力使其难以控制。根据“The heat is too high”可知，火灾难以控制，此处应用形容词hard作宾补，构成make it hard to do sth.结构，意为“使做某事变得困难”。故填hard。 7．句意：即使是小的行为，比如确保营火完全熄灭，也可以防止大麻烦。根据“Even small acts, like making sure campfires are completely out”可知，防止的是大麻烦或问题，应用不名词troubl表示泛指。故填trouble。 8．句意：对于我们孩子来说，我们能做什么？根据下文“First, never play with matches in the woods.”以及语境可知，此处是针对孩子们说的，应用kid的复数形式kids。故填kids。 9．句意：如果我们细心且负责任，我们就能从一开始就帮助防止火灾发生。根据并列形容词responsible可知，此处也应用形容词作表语，表示“细心的”，careful符合语境。故填careful。 10．句意：就像乘客在公交车上遵守规则以确保安全一样，我们必须遵守森林规则以保护自然。根据“follow rules on a bus”可知，此处指公交车上的乘客，应用passenger的复数形式passengers，表示泛指。故填passengers。 能力综合实践4篇 仔细阅读下面短文，用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使 短文在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。) tips/hold/sudden/guard/in memory of/benefit/trouble Natural disasters are part of daily life, and being prepared can 1 everyone a lot. For this reason, our country set 12th May as National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day in 2009, 2 the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. On this day, schools and communities often 3 activities to teach people ways of how to protect themselves during disasters, especially earthquakes. They share 4 like hiding under tables indoors, staying away from windows, and leaving buildings safely after the shakes. The important day reminds us to respect nature, learn survival skills, and get prepared for 5 dangers. 【答案】1．benefit 2．in memory of 3．hold 4．tips 5．sudden 【导语】本文主要讲述了我国将5月12日设为防灾减灾日，旨在纪念汶川地震并提升防灾意识。当天通过校园社区活动普及避险知识，强调敬畏自然与应急准备的重要性。 1．句意：自然灾害是日常生活的一部分，做好准备对每个人都有很大好处。根据“Natural disasters are part of daily life, and being prepared can…everyone a lot”及结合备选词汇可知，前半句引出了自然灾害，后半句指出了做好准备的重要性，备选词汇中动词benefit“使受益，得益于”符合，且情态动词can后应接动词原形。故填benefit。 2．句意：基于此原因，我国于2009年将5月12日定为“全国防灾减灾日”，以此纪念 2008 年的汶川地震。根据“…the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.”及常识可知，汶川地震发生于5月12日，则将“全国防灾减灾日”定为每年的5月12日是为了“纪念”其地震，应用备选词汇中的介词短语“in memory of”表目的。故填in memory of。 3．句意：这一天，学校和社区通常会举办活动，教导人们如何在灾难中保护自己，尤其是在地震发生时。根据“”及结合备选词汇可知，此处在介绍学校在那一天“举办”活动来教人们如何保护自己，动词hold“举办”符合，且该句时态为一般现在时，主语“schools and communities”表示复数概念，应用hold的动词原形作谓语。故填hold。 4．句意：他们分享了一些应对方法，比如在室内躲在桌子下面、远离窗户以及在地震过后安全撤离建筑物。根据“…like hiding under tables indoors, staying away from windows, and leaving buildings safely after the shakes.”及语境可知，此处在引出应对地震的一些方法或建议，应用备选词汇中名词tips表泛指，在句中作宾语。故填tips。 5．句意：这个重要的日子提醒我们要尊重自然，学习生存技能，并做好应对突发危险的准备。根据“…and get prepared for…dangers.”及语境可知，此处在建议我们应当做好应对突发危险的准备，应用备选词汇中形容词sudden“突然的”作定语修饰名词dangers。故填sudden。 根据本单元对话和课文内容，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有一个词为多余项。 prepare  badly  broken  rescue  and  disasters  effect  provides Nature 1 the human beings with wonders and everything we need. Sometimes nature also loses its temper. Some natural 2 , such as earthquake, typhoon, snowstorm and so on, affect our lives 3 . For example, earthquake and typhoon often destroy houses and buildings. Storm, snowstorm, flood and drought break or block the land, and even the power. As the saying goes, “Nature is both a kind mother 4 a cold-blooded killer.” The natural disasters have such a bad 5 on our lives that we should do something to deal with them and 6 for the worst. We should gain some knowledge about these disasters and master some basic skills to safeguard ourselves. We should also give a helping hand to 7 others if possible. 【答案】1．provides 2．disasters 3．badly 4．and 5．effect 6．prepare 7．rescue 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自然灾害的特点，以及面对灾害时的自救规则。 1．句意：大自然为人类提供奇迹和我们所需的一切。根据“Nature ... the human beings with wonders”和备选词可知，此处表示大自然为人类提供奇迹，provide sb with sth“给某人提供某物”为固定短语；主语Nature是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词provide需用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。 2．句意：一些自然灾害，如地震、台风、暴风雪等，会严重影响我们的生活。根据“Some natural ... such as earthquake, typhoon, snowstorm”和备选词可知，后文列举的地震、台风等都是自然灾害。disasters“灾害”符合语境。故填disasters。 3．句意：一些自然灾害，如地震、台风、暴风雪等，会严重影响我们的生活。根据句意及“affect”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词affect，表示“严重影响我们的生活”。备选词badly意为“严重地”符合语境。故填badly。 4．句意：俗话说：“大自然既是慈祥的母亲，也是冷血的杀手。”。根据“both”和备选词可知，both ... and ...“ 既……又……”为固定搭配。故填and。 5．句意：自然灾害对我们的生活有如此恶劣的影响。根据“have such a bad ... on”和备选词可知，have a bad effect on … “对…… 有坏影响”固定短语。故填effect。 6．句意：自然灾害对我们的生活有如此恶劣的影响，以至于我们应该采取措施应对它们，并为最坏的情况做好准备。根据“we should do something to deal with them and ... for the worst”可知，此处表示做好准备，prepare for“为……做准备”，与deal with并列，用动词原形。故填prepare。 7．句意：如果可能，我们也应该伸出援手去救援他人。根据“give a helping hand to ... others”和备选词可知，这里指的我们也应该伸出援手去救援他人。rescue“救援”，不定式to后接动词原形。故填rescue。 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) spread  earthquake  he  someone  quick  online  hear  scared  mountain  basic Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives. Last year, an 1 happened in a small village near the mountains. At first, people 2 a strange noise and felt the ground shake. Some were so 3 that they just stayed in their houses without moving. However, others ran 4 to the open ground to keep safe. Thick smoke rose from the falling houses, and some stones fell from the 5 . A bus driver stopped 6 bus to help the villagers. Nowadays, we can learn about disasters 7 and know how to protect ourselves. It’s our responsibility to care for each other, instead of 8 wrong news or causing a mess. Everyone, as a citizen, has the duty to know 9 safety rules. If you see 10 in danger, don’t just guess or stand by—call for help at once. 【答案】 1．earthquake 2．heard 3．scared 4．quickly 5．mountains 6．his 7．online 8．spreading 9．basic 10．someone/anyone 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自然灾害（地震）的突然发生及其对人们生活造成的破坏，同时强调了在现代社会人们可以通过网络了解灾害知识、保护自己，以及在面对灾害时应承担的责任和行动。 1．句意：去年，在山区附近的一个小村庄发生了地震。根据“Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives”可知，此处指自然灾害，结合所给词，earthquake“地震”符合语境，an后跟单数名词。 2．句意：起初，人们听到一种奇怪的声音，感觉地面在震动。根据“a strange noise”可知，是听到声音，hear“听到”，根据“felt”可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式heard。 3．句意：有些人非常害怕，只是待在房子里一动不动。根据“that they just stayed in their houses without moving”可知，人们很害怕，scared“害怕的”，形容词作表语。 4．句意：然而，其他人迅速跑到空地上以保证安全。根据“However, others ran...to the open ground to keep safe”可知，为了安全，人们快速跑到空地上，quick“快速的”，形容词，此处用副词quickly修饰动词。 5．句意：倒塌的房屋中冒出浓烟，一些石头从山上掉了下来。根据“some stones fell from the...”可知，石头从山上掉落，mountain“山”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数mountains。 6．句意：一位公共汽车司机停下车来帮助村民。根据“A bus driver stopped...bus”可知，司机停下他的车，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。 7．句意：如今，我们可以在网上了解灾害，知道如何保护自己。根据“we can learn about disasters...”可知，此处指在网上了解灾害，online“在网上”。 8．句意：关心彼此是我们的责任，而不是传播错误消息或制造混乱。根据“wrong news”可知，此处指传播错误消息，spread“传播”，instead of后跟动名词spreading。 9．句意：每个人，作为公民，都有责任了解基本的安全规则。根据“safety rules”可知，此处指基本的安全规则，basic“基本的”，形容词作定语。 10．句意：如果你看到有人有危险，不要只是猜测或袖手旁观——立即呼救。根据“If you see...in danger”可知，此处指看到有人处于危险中，someone/anyone“有人”，符合语境。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 hit  rise  make   pour  stick  helpless  latest   home  work   terrible Last summer, a terrible flood 1 our town. It rained heavily for three days. The river near our house 2 to a very high level. My family was busy 3 preparations. My father checked the house in and out, and my mother bought cooked food and clean water. When the flood came, the water 4 into our first floor. We were 5 in the house for two days. We felt 6 and scared. But we had a first-aid kit and enough food. We also listened to the radio for 7 news. After the flood, the town was in a mess. Many people lost their 8 . They needed help. We 9 together to clean the streets and rebuild houses. It was a 10 experience, but we learned to fight against natural disasters. 【答案】 1．hit 2．rose 3．making 4．poured 5．stuck 6．helpless 7．latest 8．homes 9．worked 10．terrible 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家在去年夏天遭遇特大洪水时的经历。描述了洪水爆发时的惊险场面、家人的应对措施以及灾后社区共同重建家园的过程。 1．句意：去年夏天，一场可怕的洪水袭击了我们的城镇。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为原文“Last summer, a terrible flood…”提示动作发生在过去，且语境表示洪水对城镇造成的冲击，所以选择hit“袭击”，其过去式为hit。 2．句意：我们家附近的河水涨到了很高的水位。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为原文提到“It rained heavily for three days.”，降雨必然导致河流水位上涨，且需用一般过去时，所以选择rise“上升”，其过去式为rose。 3．句意：我们一家人忙着做准备。此处需要一个动名词，在句中作宾语。因为原文“My family was busy…”衔接固定搭配be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，所以选择make，变为动名词形式making。 4．句意：洪水来临时，水涌入了我们家的一楼。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为原文“the water…into our first floor”描述水流进入室内的动态过程，且需用一般过去时，所以选择pour“倾泻/涌入”，其过去式为poured。 5．句意：我们被困在房子里整整两天。此处需要一个过去分词，在句中作表语。因为原文“We were…in the house for two days.”结合语境表示被洪水围困无法离开的状态，固定搭配be stuck in意为“被困在……”，所以选择stick“卡住/困住”，其过去分词为stuck。 6．句意：我们感到无助又害怕。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语。因为原文“We felt…and scared.”中并列连词and后的scared提示空处需填入情感色彩一致的词，所以选择helpless“无助的”。 7．句意：我们还通过收音机收听最新的消息。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语。因为原文“…listened to the radio for… news.”描述了在灾害期间获取信息的行为，固定搭配latest news意为“最新消息”，所以选择latest“最新的”。 8．句意：许多人失去了家园。此处需要一个名词，在句中作宾语。因为原文提到“Many people lost their…”，结合洪水摧毁房屋的背景，且受复数主语修饰需用复数形式，所以选择home“家园”，其复数形式为homes。 9．句意：我们一起努力清扫街道、重建房屋。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为原文“We…together to clean the streets”描述灾后的集体行动，且需保持时态一致使用一般过去时，所以选择work“工作”，其过去式为worked。 10．句意：这是一次可怕的经历，但我们学会了对抗自然灾害。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词experience。因为原文开头提到“a terrible flood”，此处是对整场灾难体验的总结，所以选择terrible“可怕的”。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）选词填空进阶练12篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练4篇 A．powerful      B．prepare for      C．damage      D．suddenly     E.However Typhoons are among the most 1 weather systems in the world. These huge storms form over warm ocean waters and can span hundreds of kilometres. The strong winds and heavy rainfall they bring often cause serious 2 to coastal areas, including flooding, landslides, and destruction of buildings. Weather conditions can change 3 when a typhoon approaches. The sky may darken quickly, winds grow stronger minute by minute, and rain begins to pour heavily. This is why it’s crucial to monitor weather updates during typhoon season. 4 , with proper knowledge and preparation, we can significantly reduce the risks. Before typhoon season begins, families should discuss emergency plans and assemble disaster supply kits. During a typhoon, it’s safest to stay indoors, away from windows, and if authorities recommend evacuation, we should follow their advice promptly. fall   sorry   action   quick   they   during   stay   powerful   move   although Earthquakes are one of the most 1 natural disasters on our planet. They can have a terrible influence on our lives. Recently, the earthquake in Myanmar (缅甸) had a magnitude (震级) of 7.9. It was so strong that many buildings 2 down and sadly took the lives of many people. We felt so 3 for the disaster, and at the same time, it also reminded us of the importance of being prepared for such events. To stay safe during an earthquake, we must take some necessary 4 . First, if we are indoors, 5 hide under a strong desk or a table. Keep away from windows and large objects that could fall. Second, if we are outside, 6 to an open place. Scientists are always working hard to know about earthquakes better. They use special tools to study 7 , hoping to predict when they might happen in the future. 8 we can’t stop earthquakes from happening, learning about them and knowing how 9 safe can help us be better prepared. Remember: staying calm and trying to protect ourselves 10 an earthquake are very important. 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 keep, protect, hide, storm, earthquake, prepare, feel, hear, happen, stay Natural disasters can strike without warning. When an 1 occurs, you should 2 under a strong table or desk. During a 3 , it’s best to 4 inside and keep windows closed. You must 5 yourself from falling objects. Last month, a sudden storm happened in our city. I 6 the weather warning on TV and 7 emergency supplies. My little brother 8 nervous, but I told him to breathe deeply. Remember: no matter what 9 , we should 10 calm and follow safety rules. 进阶拓展训练4篇 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词 仅用一次。 such   strong   walk   eighty   explain   by   stay   although    scare   normally In April 2025, Hubei Province experienced unusual strong winds, causing problems for local people. 1 spring in Hubei is warm with gentle breezes (which means soft winds), but this time, powerful winds swept across cities like Wuhan and Xiangyang, and the winds reached speeds of over 2 kilometres per hour. Before the strong winds arrived, the weather was dry and warm. Meteorologists (气象学家) 3 that a sudden drop in air pressure caused by a cold front from the north led to the strong winds. Geographically, Hubei is in central China. It is mostly made up of plains (平原) and mountains, so the winds are 4 in open areas. But they were weaker in mountainous regions because mountains blocked their paths. Trees were uprooted, and some advertisement signs fell, blocking roads. Many outdoor activities were cancelled, and people were advised to 5 indoors. To stay safe, experts suggested avoiding 6 near tall buildings and closing windows tightly. 7 strong winds in Hubei were very unusual. Many people felt 8 and terrible. 9 the winds did bring people much trouble, they also had some benefits. For example, they helped 10 blowing away smog (雾霾), making the sky clearer. Farmers also welcomed them because they not only kept mold away from damaging crops and brought needed rain, but also helped reduce air pollution. 阅读下面短文，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。(提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。) give away \ forming \ sign \ report \ powerful \ carry away \ suddenly A tsunami is a very large and 1 ocean wave, usually caused by earthquakes under the sea. When the ocean floor moves 2 , huge amounts of water are pushed upward, 3 strong waves. As a tsunami travels across the ocean, it moves very fast. When it gets close to the coast, the water becomes shallow, and the waves grow taller and stronger. Tsunamis can destroy houses, 4 cars, and hurt people. Before a tsunami arrives, the sea often pulls back sharply. If you see the 5 , you should run to higher ground at once. It is important to stay calm and follow safety rules. 将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．Rapidly B．cover C． alarm D．exit E. rush Last Tuesday morning, our school held a fire drill. At 9 o’ clock, the sharp fire 1 suddenly rang through the hallway. Our teacher immediately stood up and told us,“Don’t 2 —line up quietly by the door！” We moved 3 down the stairs, keeping a safe distance from each other. Before reaching the playground, the teacher reminded us to use our sleeves to 4 our noses—this is how we practise protecting ourselves from smoke in a real fire. After everyone gathered safely, the headmaster praised us for following the rules well. This drill helped us remember what to do when danger comes. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 —their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned—but they kept working. Even 4 their best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure campfires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves—we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 能力综合实践4篇 仔细阅读下面短文，用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使 短文在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。) tips/hold/sudden/guard/in memory of/benefit/trouble Natural disasters are part of daily life, and being prepared can 1 everyone a lot. For this reason, our country set 12th May as National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day in 2009, 2 the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. On this day, schools and communities often 3 activities to teach people ways of how to protect themselves during disasters, especially earthquakes. They share 4 like hiding under tables indoors, staying away from windows, and leaving buildings safely after the shakes. The important day reminds us to respect nature, learn survival skills, and get prepared for 5 dangers. 根据本单元对话和课文内容，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有一个词为多余项。 prepare  badly  broken  rescue  and  disasters  effect  provides Nature 1 the human beings with wonders and everything we need. Sometimes nature also loses its temper. Some natural 2 , such as earthquake, typhoon, snowstorm and so on, affect our lives 3 . For example, earthquake and typhoon often destroy houses and buildings. Storm, snowstorm, flood and drought break or block the land, and even the power. As the saying goes, “Nature is both a kind mother 4 a cold-blooded killer.” The natural disasters have such a bad 5 on our lives that we should do something to deal with them and 6 for the worst. We should gain some knowledge about these disasters and master some basic skills to safeguard ourselves. We should also give a helping hand to 7 others if possible. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) spread  earthquake  he  someone  quick  online  hear  scared  mountain  basic Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives. Last year, an 1 happened in a small village near the mountains. At first, people 2 a strange noise and felt the ground shake. Some were so 3 that they just stayed in their houses without moving. However, others ran 4 to the open ground to keep safe. Thick smoke rose from the falling houses, and some stones fell from the 5 . A bus driver stopped 6 bus to help the villagers. Nowadays, we can learn about disasters 7 and know how to protect ourselves. It’s our responsibility to care for each other, instead of 8 wrong news or causing a mess. Everyone, as a citizen, has the duty to know 9 safety rules. If you see 10 in danger, don’t just guess or stand by—call for help at once. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 hit  rise  make   pour  stick  helpless  latest   home  work   terrible Last summer, a terrible flood 1 our town. It rained heavily for three days. The river near our house 2 to a very high level. My family was busy 3 preparations. My father checked the house in and out, and my mother bought cooked food and clean water. When the flood came, the water 4 into our first floor. We were 5 in the house for two days. We felt 6 and scared. But we had a first-aid kit and enough food. We also listened to the radio for 7 news. After the flood, the town was in a mess. Many people lost their 8 . They needed help. We 9 together to clean the streets and rebuild houses. It was a 10 experience, but we learned to fight against natural disasters. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $