Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A SCIENCE NEEDS YOU! Citizen science is a new movement which involves members of the public, either singly or in groups, working towards a common goal. Very often, citizen scientists collect, report or analyse data. What makes a citizen scientist? Anyone who contributes their time, effort and whatever resources they have to a scientific research project is a citizen scientist. They come from all walks of life — housewives, retirees, students, sports people, children. There’s no need for a formal or strong scientific background, just enthusiasm. How to get involved? If you have a particular hobby, interest or expertise there’s almost certainly a project you can join. Search online for citizen science projects and pick out the ones you like. It could be observing insects, migratory birds, even plates movements; all you have to do is to record and hand in observations. You can use your laptop or even your smartphone to do this — easy! Here is an opportunity from NASA: Space Cloud Watch What you’ll do ◆Watch the sky at sunrise and sunset for noctilucent clouds (夜光云) and shoot them. ◆Upload your photos and observations to a website to contribute to research on Earth’s middle atmosphere. ◆Take notes when noctilucent clouds are absent, so you can report that too! Requirements ◆Time: 10-20 minutes ◆Equipment: Camera, smartphone or GPS receiver ◆Knowledge: No prior knowledge necessary Will it ever be “real” science? Citizen science is how real science started! Most of our early scientific discoveries were made by enthusiasts. Data collected by volunteers holds comparable scientific value to that collected by “real” scientists and as big data becomes more widespread, the tools to process it are becoming more user-friendly. So yes, citizen science is as real as it can be! 1．Which of the following is a shared feature of citizen scientists? A．Having a strong scientific background. B．Being expert in designing scientific research. C．Being enthusiastic about contributing to science. D．Using science to help people from all walks of life. 2．What will a citizen scientist do in Space Cloud Watch? A．Record the time of daybreak. B．Take photos of noctilucent clouds. C．Read Earth’s atmosphere observations. D．Have a training about shooting noctilucent clouds. 3．What does the author think of citizen science? A．It helps to advance science. B．It is popular among volunteers. C．The data collected is open to all. D．It is the key to scientific discoveries. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学的定义、参与方式、NASA的“太空云观测”项目以及公民科学的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Anyone who contributes their time, effort and whatever resources they have to a scientific research project is a citizen scientist. They come from all walks of life — housewives, retirees, students, sports people, children. There’s no need for a formal or strong scientific background, just enthusiasm.(任何为科学研究项目贡献自己的时间、精力和资源的人都是公民科学家。他们来自各行各业——家庭主妇、退休人员、学生、运动员、儿童。不需要正式或深厚的科学背景，只需要热情)”可知，公民科学家的共同特征是对为科学做贡献充满热情。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Space Cloud Watch部分What you’ll do中“Watch the sky at sunrise and sunset for noctilucent clouds (夜光云) and shoot them.(在日出和日落时观察天空中的夜光云并拍摄它们)”可知，在“太空云观测”项目中，公民科学家会拍摄夜光云的照片。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段Will it ever be “real” science?部分“Citizen science is how real science started! Most of our early scientific discoveries were made by enthusiasts. Data collected by volunteers holds comparable scientific value to that collected by “real” scientists and as big data becomes more widespread, the tools to process it are becoming more user-friendly. So yes, citizen science is as real as it can be!(公民科学是真正的科学的开端！我们早期的大多数科学发现都是由爱好者做出的。志愿者收集的数据与“真正的”科学家收集的数据具有相当的科学价值，而且随着大数据的普及，处理数据的工具也变得更加易用。所以，是的，公民科学是真正的科学！)”可知，作者认为公民科学有助于推动科学发展。故选A。 B The stars were always within reach for Katherine Johnson. Using her mathematics skills, she helped NASA send astronauts to the moon and return them safely home. Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918. Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. Later she continued to study math at West Virginia University but left early to raise a family and return to teaching. In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA．She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. During her time there, she broke racial (种族的) barriers, like using the bathroom that was supposed to be for white women only. One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B．Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. Yet unlike the white male astronauts she helped launch into space, no one knew of the groundbreaking work Johnson and many other black women did for NASA and space exploration. It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. Johnson died in 2020, at the age of 101. In her honor, NASA built the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility at the Langley Research Center to celebrate the hard work she did. 4．What can be inferred about Johnson? A．She hesitated before raising a family. B．She showed extraordinary talent in math. C．She struggled with teaching black students. D．She received many honors during her teaching career. 5．What did Johnson do at NASA? A．She studied racial barriers. B．She calculated spaceflight paths. C．She led physical training programs. D．She designed astronauts’ bathrooms. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The variety of spaceflight projects. B．The courage of American astronauts. C．The desire of NASA’s administrators (管理人员). D．The significance of Johnson’s achievements. 7．What helped Johnson win the public’s attention? A．Her public speech. B．Her story in a movie. C．Support from black women. D．Recommendations by scientists. 【答案】4．B 5．B 6．D 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Katherine Johnson凭借数学天赋在NASA担任“人类计算机”，为多项开创性太空任务计算轨道，却因种族和性别原因长期被忽视，直到电影《隐藏人物》上映才获得广泛认可。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. (数学对她来说轻而易举。她10岁就升入了高中，15岁就上了大学。18岁时以优异的成绩毕业之后，Johnson便开始为黑人学生教授数学课程。)”可知，Johnson学习优异，大学毕业后就教授黑人学生数学课程，这表明她在数学上展现了非凡的天赋。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA. She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. (1952年，当时她34岁，她得知了在国家航空咨询委员会兰利实验室中为具备数学和计算能力的黑人女性提供的工作机会，该机构后来发展成为美国国家航空航天局。她和其他女性一起担任“人类计算机”的角色，负责完成太空飞行所需的复杂计算工作。)”可知，她在美国国家航空航天局的工作是计算太空飞行路径。故选B项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. (她在美国国家航空航天局所取得的最大成就之一，便是协助计算了1961年该国首次载人航天飞行的飞行路径，确保宇航员小Alan B. Shepard的飞行之旅安全无虞。一年后，她又帮助计算出了John Glenn环绕地球的轨道，这是又一项美国的首创成就。1969年，她计算出了Neil Armstrong乘坐阿波罗11号执行历史性登月任务的飞行路径。)”可知，本段通过具体事例说明了Johnson成就的重要意义。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. (直到2016年电影《隐藏人物》的上映，这些女性才获得了广泛的认可。)”可知，电影中呈现的故事帮助Johnson赢得了公众的关注。故选B项。 C It’s more than 384,000km from the Earth. We can see it most nights. And it’s not made of cheese! I am, of course, talking about the Moon. Astronauts have taken big steps to explore it, but despite it being out of reach for most of us, it still influences us in unexpected ways. One of the Moon’s effects, obviously, is providing moonlight. A full moon, seen almost once a month, can light up our way on dark nights. But while moonlight can be impressive to look at, it can affect our sleep. Studies show that during or around the full moon, people sleep for less time and have poorer sleep, even in a dark room without direct moonlight. The Moon is also believed to have an effect on animals and human behavior. There exists a saying that animals are more likely to bite humans during a full moon. In the past, people thought the Moon caused “lunacy” — a term coming from the Latin word for “related to the moon”. This idea came from the belief that changes in the sky could lead to people acting strangely for a short time. Even today, winemakers look to the Moon when planting and cutting grapevines (葡萄藤). They will avoid a full moon at all costs because, although the added water in the soil at this time may give a fuller and juicier grape, it is thought to weaken the taste of the fruit, resulting in a less successful wine production. Other lunar effects are debated. Look at this interesting theory — just as the Moon’s pull affects ocean tides (潮汐), it might also impact the water in our bodies. But experts point out that the Moon is much smaller than the Earth, so its pull is weaker. Additionally, this force stays the same and does not change whether the Moon is new or full. Research into old beliefs about the Moon’s effects continues. So we must be careful what we hear, just as we should not believe the story that the Moon is made of cheese! 8．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show how faraway the Moon is. B．To explain what the Moon is made of. C．To tell how astronauts explored the Moon. D．To introduce how the Moon is related to us. 9．Why do winemakers avoid growing grapes during a full moon? A．The grapes lose some tastes. B．The water in the soil increases. C．The fruits reduce in size. D．The growth of vines slows down. 10．What is the author’s attitude towards old beliefs about the Moon’s effects? A．Supportive. B．Interested. C．Questioning. D．Worried. 11．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Exploration of the Moon matters. B．The Full Moon Shapes Human’s Daily Life. C．The Moon’s Influences: Facts, Beliefs and Debates. D．The Moon: A Mysterious Sky Object We Know Little About. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．C 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍月球虽遥不可及，却以意想不到的方式影响人类，如影响睡眠。文中还提及相关传统观念与争议观点，提醒人们理性看待月球的影响。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s more than 384,000km from the Earth. We can see it most nights. And it’s not made of cheese! I am, of course, talking about the Moon. Astronauts have taken big steps to explore it, but despite it being out of reach for most of us, it still influences us in unexpected ways.(它距离地球超过384000公里。我们大多数夜晚都能看到它。而且它可不是由奶酪构成的！当然，我所说的这个就是月球。宇航员们已经采取了重大举措去探索它，但尽管它对于我们大多数人来说遥不可及，它仍然以意想不到的方式影响着我们)”可知，第一段的主要目的是介绍月球与我们之间的关系。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“They will avoid a full moon at all costs because, although the added water in the soil at this time may give a fuller and juicier grape, it is thought to weaken the taste of the fruit, resulting in a less successful wine production.(他们会竭尽全力在种植和修剪葡萄藤时不惜一切代价避开满月，因为尽管此时土壤中的水分增多可能会使葡萄更加饱满多汁，但人们认为这会削弱葡萄的风味，从而导致葡萄酒的品质下降)”可知，酿酒师会在满月期间避免采摘葡萄是因为葡萄在这种时候会失去一些风味。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Other lunar effects are debated.(其他的月球现象则存在争议)”以及“So we must be careful what we hear, just as we should not believe the story that the Moon is made of cheese!(所以我们必须谨慎对待所听到的信息，就像我们不能相信“月球是由奶酪构成的”这种说法一样！)”可知，作者对有关月球影响的旧观念持质疑、谨慎态度。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astronauts have taken big steps to explore it, but despite it being out of reach for most of us, it still influences us in unexpected ways.(宇航员们已经采取了重大行动来对其进行探索，但尽管它对于大多数人来说遥不可及，但它仍以意想不到的方式影响着我们)”以及本文介绍月球虽遥不可及，却以意想不到的方式影响人类，如影响睡眠。文中还提及相关传统观念与争议观点，提醒人们理性看待月球的影响。可知，C选项“月球的影响：事实、信仰与争论”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D A few months ago, Space X launched a spacecraft into orbit, a mission called Polaris Dawn, where an all-civilian crew performed the first-ever spacewalk. The outing has made history. Previously, only astronauts from government space agencies have travelled into space to build or upgrade space stations in orbit, repair satellites and conduct scientific experiments. The company has more ambitious plans for space travel, and it’s not alone. For example, NASA refers to Mars as its “long-term objective for human exploration”. Each of the space launches will be hazardous. It essentially involves securing humans inside a spacecraft and exploding a “bomb” beneath them, according to Paul Root Wolpe, a senior scientist. Once you’re in space, you’re subject to far higher levels of radiation than you’d encounter on Earth. Too much radiation can increase a person’s risk of cancer and mental disorders. It can also harm body tissues, resulting in digestive diseases, for example. Five years ago, scientists published a groundbreaking study comparing two identical twins — one of whom spent a year in space while the other remained on Earth. The twins, Mark and Scott Kelly, who have the same set of genes, were both trained astronauts. The researchers found that both twins experienced some changes to the way their genes worked over that period, but they changed in different ways. Some of the effects on the brother spending a year in space lasted for more than six months. These changes are thought to be a reaction to the DNA damage caused by space radiation. Commercial space travel brings a new set of dangers. Traditionally, people who travelled to space went through strict health tests and training programs monitored by national agencies. “That isn’t the case for private space travel, where the rules are determined by the individual company,” says Wolpe. To address these potential problems, some scientists bring forward genetic measures. People who have adapted to high altitude on earth have genetic factors that allow them to live well in low-oxygen environments — what if we could provide these factors for astronauts? For the time being, this approach sounds like science fiction. But one day it might become a reality. 12．What distinguishes Polaris Dawn from previous space missions? A．Its being the first-ever spacewalk into orbit. B．Its involving non-professional citizen astronauts. C．Its cooperating with government space agencies. D．Its conducting scientific experiments beyond orbit. 13．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Meaningful. B．Necessary. C．Interesting. D．Risky. 14．What did the study on Mark and Scott Kelly reveal? A．Space travel can greatly affect genes. B．Twins have identical reactions to space conditions. C．Astronaut training can prevent some genetic changes. D．DNA damage caused by space radiation is permanent. 15．What is Wolpe’s primary concern regarding commercial space travel? A．The high cost of health tests and training programs. B．The environmental impact of commercial space travel. C．The lack of standardized health evaluation and instruction for tourists. D．The absence of financial support from the government. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了SpaceX公司的Polaris Dawn太空任务创造历史，介绍了太空旅行的风险以及商业太空旅行面临的新问题，并提及一些科学家提出的应对措施。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“A few months ago, Space X launched a spacecraft into orbit, a mission called Polaris Dawn, where an all-civilian crew performed the first-ever spacewalk. (几个月前，SpaceX公司发射了一艘宇宙飞船进入轨道，这一任务被称为Polaris Dawn，全体平民机组人员进行了首次太空行走。)”以及“Previously, only astronauts from government space agencies have travelled into space (此前，只有来自政府太空机构的宇航员进入过太空)”可知，Polaris Dawn的特别之处在于它涉及非专业的平民宇航员。故选B。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Each of the space launches will be hazardous. (每次太空发射都是hazardous。)”和“It essentially involves securing humans inside a spacecraft and exploding a “bomb” beneath them (它本质上是将人安置在宇宙飞船内，并在他们下方引爆一枚“炸弹”)”以及后文对太空辐射等风险的描述可推知，每次太空发射都是有风险的，划线词意为“有风险的”，与risky同义。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers found that both twins experienced some changes to the way their genes worked over that period, but they changed in different ways. Some of the effects on the brother spending a year in space lasted for more than six months. These changes are thought to be a reaction to the DNA damage caused by space radiation. (研究人员发现，在那段时间里，这对双胞胎的基因工作方式都发生了一些变化，但变化方式不同。对在太空待了一年的兄弟的一些影响持续了六个多月。这些变化被认为是对太空辐射造成的DNA损伤的一种反应。)” 可知，太空旅行会极大地影响基因。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据第六段“Traditionally, people who travelled to space went through strict health tests and training programs monitored by national agencies. “That isn’t the case for private space travel, where the rules are determined by the individual company,” says Wolpe. (传统上，进入太空的人要经过国家机构严格监控的健康测试和训练项目。Wolpe 说：“私人太空旅行并非如此，其规则由各个公司自行决定。”)” 可推知，Wolpe主要担心的是商业太空旅行缺乏对游客标准化的健康评估和指导。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 If people prefer warm or cold weather all year long, where should they go? Or if they liked cold weather, where would they go? The answer to this question depends upon the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth. 16 The angle at which sunlight strikes the earth’s surface is called the angle of insolation (日射). It means the amount of the sun’s energy that reaches the earth at a given place and time. The angle of insolation is always smaller near the North and South Poles, which results in colder temperatures there. 17 What affects insolation? In the morning the sun is close to the horizon and at midday it is at its highest in the sky. 18 Measuring the angle of insolation is difficult because light rays are not easy to see. Therefore, the way to measure the angle is by measuring the shadows created by light rays. The shorter the shadow is, the more direct the angle of the light ray. As a result, the hotter the temperature is. 19 That is why asphalt (沥青) roads get so hot in direct sunlight. Dark soil and rocks also get very hot. Light colored sand and rocks do not get as hot because they reflect light, while dark colored things absorb light. Texture also helps determine temperature. 20 Rough textures cause light to bounce around at many angles, and each time a little more energy is absorbed. Therefore, rough surfaces get hotter than smooth surface. A．Why do some things get hotter than others? B．It refers to how smooth or rough a surface is. C．The angle determines the amount of heat the sun produces. D．After midday the sun lowers and the angle creates less heat. E．The sun’s path is high overhead and at its hottest at midday. F．Dark colors get hotter than light colors in the same temperature. G．On the other hand, the angle of insolation near the equator (赤道) creates warmer temperatures. 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．D 19．F 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太阳光照射地球的角度(即日射角)如何影响气温，并进一步解释了颜色和质地等因素对温度的影响。 16．上文“If people prefer warm or cold weather all year long, where should they go? Or if they liked cold weather, where would they go? The answer to this question depends upon the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth. (如果人们全年都喜欢温暖或寒冷的气候，他们该去哪里?或者如果他们喜欢寒冷，又该去哪里?这个问题的答案取决于阳光照射地球的角度。)”提出了问题并指出答案与阳光角度有关。C选项“The angle determines the amount of heat the sun produces. (这个角度决定了太阳产生的热量多少。)”承接上文，具体说明了角度是如何影响气候的——通过决定热量多少，从而为下文引出“日射角”的概念做了铺垫。下文“The angle at which sunlight strikes the earth’s surface is called the angle of insolation (日射). (阳光照射地球表面的角度被称为日射角)”则正式引入这一核心概念。故选C项。 17．上文“The angle of insolation is always smaller near the North and South Poles, which results in colder temperatures there. (日射角在南北极附近总是较小，这导致那里的气温较低。)”解释了极地寒冷的原因。G选项“On the other hand, the angle of insolation near the equator (赤道) creates warmer temperatures. (另一方面，赤道附近的日射角则导致气温较高。)”通过“On the other hand”与上文构成对比，补充了赤道地区的情况，使对日射角与温度关系的说明更加完整。故选G项。 18．上文“In the morning the sun is close to the horizon and at midday it is at its highest in the sky. (早晨太阳接近地平线，正午时在天空中处于最高点)”描述了太阳在一天中的位置变化。D选项“After midday the sun lowers and the angle creates less heat. (正午过后太阳降低，角度产生的热量减少。)”承接上文，补充了正午之后太阳位置及热量的变化，使对太阳日运动轨迹的描述更加完整。下文“Measuring the angle of insolation is difficult because light rays are not easy to see. (测量日射角很困难，因为光线不易被看见。)”则转而讨论测量难题，与D选项共同构成对日射角的完整介绍。故选D项。 19．下文“That is why asphalt (沥青) roads get so hot in direct sunlight. (这就是为什么沥青路在阳光直射下会变得那么热)”可推知，设空处需说明沥青路在阳光直射下会变得那么热的原因，F选项“Dark colors get hotter than light colors in the same temperature. (在相同的温度下，深色比浅色更热。)”阐述了这一原理，同时与下文“That”构成指代关系。故选F项。 20．上文“Texture also helps determine temperature. (质地也有助于决定温度。)”引出“质地”这一新因素。B选项“It refers to how smooth or rough a surface is. (它指的是表面光滑或粗糙的程度。)”承接上文，用“It”指代上文的“Texture”，对“质地”这一术语进行定义。下文“Rough textures cause light to bounce around at many angles, and each time a little more energy is absorbed. Therefore, rough surfaces get hotter than smooth surface. (粗糙的质地会使光线在许多角度间反射，每一次都有更多一点的能量被吸收。因此，粗糙表面比光滑表面更热。)”则基于这一定义，具体解释粗糙质地如何导致温度升高。故选B项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 21 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 22 attitudes. I’d be 23 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 24 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 25 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 26 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 27 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 28 orange glow. The eclipse 29 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 30 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 31 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 32 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 33 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 34 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 35 a promise to my mother. 21．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 22．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 23．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 24．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 25．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 26．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 27．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 28．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 29．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 30．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 31．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 32．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 33．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 34．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 35．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲去看日全食，经历天气变化最终见证奇迹的故事。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经看够了出问题的情况，知道对于地球上的观察者来说，没有哪次天象观测是真正有保证的。A. analysts分析者；B. investigators调查员；C. astronauts宇航员；D. observers观察者。根据前文“I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us”可知，这里说的是观测天象的人，即观察者，故选D。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我和妈妈决定开车去宾夕法尼亚州的伊利看今年4月8日的日全食时，我知道这将是一次两种冲突态度的旅行。A. consistent一致的；B. amusing有趣的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“I’d be ____ about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，作者和母亲态度不同，有冲突，故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气感到悲观，并确信我们会成为统治世界的随机性的受害者，而我妈妈会坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们第一次瞥见这样的日食。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. confused困惑的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world”可知，作者态度悲观，故选A。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lose失去；B. delay延迟；C. fail失败；D. win获胜。根据后文“the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives”可知，母亲坚信秩序会获胜，预报的日全食会如约而来，故选D。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉她不要指望宇宙会实现这个愿望；她告诉我她不会依赖其他任何东西。A. feed on以……为食；B. take on承担；C. settle on选定；D. count on指望。根据后文“she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else.”可知，作者让母亲不要指望宇宙，depend on与 count on为近义词，故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我又一次谦卑地接受了一个我一次又一次学到的教训——妈妈总是对的。A. plan计划；B. lesson教训；C. practice练习；D. skill技能。根据后文“Mama knows best”可知，这是作者从中学到的道理，学到的教训，故选B。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天早上伊利的天气预报看起来很糟糕，但下午2点过后不久，当太阳和月亮第一次接触开始时，城市海湾上空的云层开始消散。A. usual通常的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. average平均的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据后文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”可知，转折后表示乌云开始消散，天气转晴，由此推断前面应该是当地气象局预报天气不好，故选B。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日食镜片下的淡黄色太阳迅速达到顶峰，集中成强烈的橙色光芒。A. dull迟钝的；B. faint微弱的；C. weak虚弱的；D. fierce强烈的。根据前文“The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰)”，太阳达到顶峰，光芒强烈，故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日食在下午3点16分发生。A. disappeared消失；B. struck打击，（疾病、灾难等）侵袭；C. died死亡；D. exploded爆炸。根据后文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle.”可知，日食发生，太阳出现变化，strike有“发生（某种情况）”之意，符合语境，故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像日落一样的颜色在远处发光并绽放。A. colors颜色；B. shapes形状；C. circuits电路；D. scenes场景。根据后文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the ____ in slightly bright red and pink.”可知，这里说的是天空呈现的颜色，即像日落一样的颜色，故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以看到从太阳两侧伸出的日珥，呈微亮的红色和粉色。A. sky天空；B. sun太阳；C. moon月亮；D. star星星。根据前文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides”可知，日珥是从太阳两侧伸出的，故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉就像见证了接近奇迹的东西。A. witness见证；B. tolerance容忍；C. relation关系；D. reference参考。根据后文“something close to a miracle”可知，作者看到了日食的景象，感觉像见证了奇迹，故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分钟后，日食结束了。A. continued继续；B. progressed进展；C. ended结束；D. ticked滴答作响。根据后文“The sun brightened again.”可知，太阳再次变亮，日食结束了，故选C。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：云层剧烈地回来，把月亮、太阳和天空都吞没在灰色中。A. returned回来；B. quit退出；C. left离开；D. faded褪色。根据前文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”和后文“swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray”可知，日食现象发生前是有云的，只是突然散去，太阳月亮出现，并发生了日食，而此处日食结束，云层又回来了，遮蔽了天空。故选A。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在令人难以置信的四分钟里，宇宙似乎兑现了对我母亲的承诺。A. lost focus on失去对……的关注；B. lived up to不辜负，兑现；C. took account of考虑到；D. kept track of记录。根据前文“while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”和后文“a promise to my mother.”可知，前文提及母亲坚信天空会让他们看到日全食，结果真地目睹了日全食的全过程，即宇宙似乎兑现了让母亲看到日食的承诺，故选B。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions, focusing on major frontiers like 36 origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program. Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey satellite, and an upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program, 37 (comprise) of 10 satellites forming a radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is designed to capture faint cosmic (宇宙的) signals. The Kuafu-2, 38 stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world 39 (orbit) above the sun’s polar regions. Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 40 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong and Micius, achieving many original 41 (discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As China’s pilot program to support space science 42 (systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from “following others” 43 “keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields. Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation, pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By establishing international scientific teams and 44 (promote) data sharing, China continues to enhance the global influence and 45 (efficient) of its scientific satellites. 【答案】 36．the 37．comprised 38．which 39．to orbit 40．has launched 41．discoveries 42．systematically 43．to 44．promoting 45．efficiency 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国科学院国家空间科学中心在发布会上介绍“十五五”期间将实施的一系列空间科学卫星计划，以及我国空间科学先导专项已取得的成果与国际合作情况。 36．考查冠词。句意：中国科学院国家空间科学中心官员在周一举行的一场新闻发布会上表示，在“十五五”规划期间（2026—2030 年），该中心将发射一系列科学卫星任务，重点聚焦宇宙起源与生命起源等重大前沿领域。此次发布会介绍了中国空间科学先导专项的最新成果。此处特指“宇宙的起源”，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：“鸿蒙计划”由10颗卫星组成射电望远镜阵列，将部署至月球背面，旨在捕捉微弱的宇宙信号。此空考查非谓语，The Hongmeng Program与comprise为被动关系，再由语境可知，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填comprised。 38．考查定语从句。句意：夸父二号将直接对太阳进行观测，它将成为世界上首个在太阳极区上空运行的探测器。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Kuafu-2，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：夸父二号将直接对太阳进行观测，它将成为世界上首个在太阳极区上空运行的探测器。分析句子结构可知，序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to orbit。 40．考查时态。句意：自2011年以来，中国空间科学先导专项已成功发射8颗卫星，包括“悟空”号和“墨子”号，取得了多项原创性发现 —— 其中部分是中国首次，甚至是世界首次。此空考查谓语动词，China’s space science pilot program与launch为主动关系，since为现在完成时标志，主语program为单数。故填has launched。 41．考查名词复数。句意：自2011年以来，中国空间科学先导专项已成功发射八颗卫星，包括 “悟空”号和“墨子”号，取得了多项原创性发现 —— 其中部分是中国首次，甚至是世界首次。many后接可数名词复数。故填discoveries。 42．考查副词。句意：作为我国支持空间科学系统性发展的先导专项，它推动中国空间研究从 “跟跑”转向“并跑”，在部分领域甚至实现“领跑”。此处修饰动词support，应用副词形式systematically，表示“系统性地”，符合语境。故填systematically。 43．考查介词。句意：作为我国支持空间科学系统性发展的先导专项，它推动中国空间研究从 “跟跑”转向“并跑”，在部分领域甚至实现“领跑”。此处考查固定搭配from...to...，表示“从……到”，符合语境。故填to。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过组建国际科研团队、推动数据共享，中国持续提升其科学卫星的全球影响力与使用效能。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列结构，前面为establishing，此处应用动名词形式promoting。故填promoting。 45．考查名词。句意：通过组建国际科研团队、推动数据共享，中国持续提升其科学卫星的全球影响力与使用效能。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列名词，influence为名词，此处应用efficiency“效能”，为不可数名词。故填efficiency。 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．某中学生英语报正在举办题为“My Dream of Travelling in Space”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。要点如下： 1.梦想去的星球； 2.想去梦想星球的理由。 注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】［参考范文］ My Dream of Travelling in Space If I have a chance to travel in space, I’d like to go to Mars. I have always dreamed of visiting it ever since I heard that Mars is most like the earth and there could have been life on this planet. The more I learn about it, the more I become interested in it. I want to do research on whether it is a planet we humans can live on. Another reason why I want to go there is that I’d like to learn more about Mars and write a book about it in the future. I hope I will see many interesting things on Mars. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。某中学生英语报正在举办题为“My Dream of Travelling in Space”的征文活动，要求考生用英语写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 机会：chance → opportunity 参观、拜访：visit → pay a visit to 了解：learn about → know about 对……感兴趣：be interested in → be keen on 2. 句式拓展 句型转换 原句：If I have a chance to travel in space, I’d like to go to Mars. 强调句：If I have a chance to travel in space, it is Mars that I’d like to go to. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I have always dreamed of visiting it ever since I heard that Mars is most like the earth and there could have been life on this planet.（运用了ever since引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Another reason why I want to go there is that I’d like to learn more about Mars and write a book about it in the future.（运用了why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Once in a remote village, there lived a teenage girl, named Maya. She had a dream — to become an astronaut and explore the vastness of space. However, many doubted her dream because they thought it was unrealistic for someone with their poor background. In this village, there was no one daring to have this dream which was beyond the wildest dream. However, Maya was not defeated by the doubt, she dedicated herself to her studies. She bought many volumes of books on astronomy from the faraway libraries. In the beginning, her parents just let go of her crazy passion, but gradually her efforts amazed them. With their support, she even tried to find opportunities online to attend science camps, and sought guidance from mentors (导师). Maya’s passion for space grew stronger with each passing day, fueling her determination to overcome any difficulties in her path. As Maya approached her final year of high school, an opportunity arose — a famous scholarship that offered a chance to study astrophysics (天体物理学) at a famous university. Maya knew that this scholarship could be her ticket to achieving her dreams. The scholarship selection process was strict, testing candidates’ knowledge, skills, and talent. Maya poured countless hours into preparation, expanding her knowledge and improving her abilities. When the day of the scholarship interview arrived, Maya faced a group of professors and experts in the field. Nervously, she answered their questions and shared her passion for space exploration. Weeks turned into months as Maya awaited the scholarship results. Doubts and anxieties stuck in her mind, but she reminded herself of the importance of perseverance. She continued to believe in herself and her abilities, refusing to let setbacks define her journey. Finally, the day of the scholarship announcement arrived. Maya’s heart raced as the names were called one by one. As the last name echoed in the room, Maya’s heart sank — it wasn’t hers. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Disappointment washed over her, but she refused to let it stop her dreams. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Moved by Maya’s determination, the astronaut became her mentor, guiding her on a new journey. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Disappointment washed over her, but she refused to let it stop her dreams. Although the interview was a failure, Maya refused to let self-doubt consume her. Her parents also comforted her that they would try their best to sponsor her further education without the scholarship.With firm determination, Maya kept learning and meanwhile, sought alternative paths. She reached out to professors, connected with concerned professionals, and explored other opportunities in the field of space exploration. Maya’s toughness and perseverance attracted the attention of a famous astronaut who recognized her passion and potential. Moved by Maya’s determination, the astronaut became her mentor, guiding her on a new journey. Maya gained hands-on experience, participated in research projects, and immersed herself in the world of space exploration. Years passed, and Maya’s perseverance paid off. She became an accomplished astrophysicist and, eventually, realized her childhood dream of becoming an astronaut. Maya went into space and stared at the earth from above, feeling excited about her great achievements. When looking back all the skepticism and setbacks, she felt they were no longer roadblocks but opportunities for growth. One can achieve extraordinary heights by staying committed to dreams, and persisting in the face of obstacles. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述少女玛雅生活在偏远村庄，怀揣成为宇航员探索太空的梦想，虽遭质疑，但未放弃，努力学习，在父母支持下通过多种方式提升自己。高中最后一年，她争取著名奖学金，积极备考面试。然而，最终奖学金公布，她未能如愿。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“失望笼罩着她，但她拒绝让这阻挡自己的梦想。”可以预测续写这段主要内容： 玛雅虽面试失利，但未放弃梦想，在父母支持下坚持探索，其坚韧吸引了著名宇航员关注。 ②由第二段首句内容“被玛雅的决心所打动，这位宇航员成为了她的导师，引领她踏上新征程。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：宇航员被玛雅决心打动成为其导师，玛雅历经努力实现梦想，她视挫折为成长机遇。 2.续写线索：面试失利——未放弃梦想——坚持探索——被著名宇航员关注并教导——实现梦想 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①拒绝： refuse/decline ②获得：gain/obtain/acquire ③参加： participate in/take part in/join 品质类 ①坚定的：firm/committed/unwavering ②韧性：toughness/perseverance 【点睛】[高分句型1]Maya’s toughness and perseverance attracted the attention of a famous astronaut who recognized her passion and potential.（运用了who引导的定语从句） [高分句型2]Maya went into space and stared at the earth from above, feeling excited about her great achievements. （运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型3]When looking back all the skepticism and setbacks, she felt they were no longer roadblocks but opportunities for growth. （运用了状语从句的省略和省略that的宾语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A SCIENCE NEEDS YOU! Citizen science is a new movement which involves members of the public, either singly or in groups, working towards a common goal. Very often, citizen scientists collect, report or analyse data. What makes a citizen scientist? Anyone who contributes their time, effort and whatever resources they have to a scientific research project is a citizen scientist. They come from all walks of life — housewives, retirees, students, sports people, children. There’s no need for a formal or strong scientific background, just enthusiasm. How to get involved? If you have a particular hobby, interest or expertise there’s almost certainly a project you can join. Search online for citizen science projects and pick out the ones you like. It could be observing insects, migratory birds, even plates movements; all you have to do is to record and hand in observations. You can use your laptop or even your smartphone to do this — easy! Here is an opportunity from NASA: Space Cloud Watch What you’ll do ◆Watch the sky at sunrise and sunset for noctilucent clouds (夜光云) and shoot them. ◆Upload your photos and observations to a website to contribute to research on Earth’s middle atmosphere. ◆Take notes when noctilucent clouds are absent, so you can report that too! Requirements ◆Time: 10-20 minutes ◆Equipment: Camera, smartphone or GPS receiver ◆Knowledge: No prior knowledge necessary Will it ever be “real” science? Citizen science is how real science started! Most of our early scientific discoveries were made by enthusiasts. Data collected by volunteers holds comparable scientific value to that collected by “real” scientists and as big data becomes more widespread, the tools to process it are becoming more user-friendly. So yes, citizen science is as real as it can be! 1．Which of the following is a shared feature of citizen scientists? A．Having a strong scientific background. B．Being expert in designing scientific research. C．Being enthusiastic about contributing to science. D．Using science to help people from all walks of life. 2．What will a citizen scientist do in Space Cloud Watch? A．Record the time of daybreak. B．Take photos of noctilucent clouds. C．Read Earth’s atmosphere observations. D．Have a training about shooting noctilucent clouds. 3．What does the author think of citizen science? A．It helps to advance science. B．It is popular among volunteers. C．The data collected is open to all. D．It is the key to scientific discoveries. B The stars were always within reach for Katherine Johnson. Using her mathematics skills, she helped NASA send astronauts to the moon and return them safely home. Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918. Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. Later she continued to study math at West Virginia University but left early to raise a family and return to teaching. In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA．She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. During her time there, she broke racial (种族的) barriers, like using the bathroom that was supposed to be for white women only. One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B．Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. Yet unlike the white male astronauts she helped launch into space, no one knew of the groundbreaking work Johnson and many other black women did for NASA and space exploration. It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. Johnson died in 2020, at the age of 101. In her honor, NASA built the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility at the Langley Research Center to celebrate the hard work she did. 4．What can be inferred about Johnson? A．She hesitated before raising a family. B．She showed extraordinary talent in math. C．She struggled with teaching black students. D．She received many honors during her teaching career. 5．What did Johnson do at NASA? A．She studied racial barriers. B．She calculated spaceflight paths. C．She led physical training programs. D．She designed astronauts’ bathrooms. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The variety of spaceflight projects. B．The courage of American astronauts. C．The desire of NASA’s administrators (管理人员). D．The significance of Johnson’s achievements. 7．What helped Johnson win the public’s attention? A．Her public speech. B．Her story in a movie. C．Support from black women. D．Recommendations by scientists. C It’s more than 384,000km from the Earth. We can see it most nights. And it’s not made of cheese! I am, of course, talking about the Moon. Astronauts have taken big steps to explore it, but despite it being out of reach for most of us, it still influences us in unexpected ways. One of the Moon’s effects, obviously, is providing moonlight. A full moon, seen almost once a month, can light up our way on dark nights. But while moonlight can be impressive to look at, it can affect our sleep. Studies show that during or around the full moon, people sleep for less time and have poorer sleep, even in a dark room without direct moonlight. The Moon is also believed to have an effect on animals and human behavior. There exists a saying that animals are more likely to bite humans during a full moon. In the past, people thought the Moon caused “lunacy” — a term coming from the Latin word for “related to the moon”. This idea came from the belief that changes in the sky could lead to people acting strangely for a short time. Even today, winemakers look to the Moon when planting and cutting grapevines (葡萄藤). They will avoid a full moon at all costs because, although the added water in the soil at this time may give a fuller and juicier grape, it is thought to weaken the taste of the fruit, resulting in a less successful wine production. Other lunar effects are debated. Look at this interesting theory — just as the Moon’s pull affects ocean tides (潮汐), it might also impact the water in our bodies. But experts point out that the Moon is much smaller than the Earth, so its pull is weaker. Additionally, this force stays the same and does not change whether the Moon is new or full. Research into old beliefs about the Moon’s effects continues. So we must be careful what we hear, just as we should not believe the story that the Moon is made of cheese! 8．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show how faraway the Moon is. B．To explain what the Moon is made of. C．To tell how astronauts explored the Moon. D．To introduce how the Moon is related to us. 9．Why do winemakers avoid growing grapes during a full moon? A．The grapes lose some tastes. B．The water in the soil increases. C．The fruits reduce in size. D．The growth of vines slows down. 10．What is the author’s attitude towards old beliefs about the Moon’s effects? A．Supportive. B．Interested. C．Questioning. D．Worried. 11．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Exploration of the Moon matters. B．The Full Moon Shapes Human’s Daily Life. C．The Moon’s Influences: Facts, Beliefs and Debates. D．The Moon: A Mysterious Sky Object We Know Little About. D A few months ago, Space X launched a spacecraft into orbit, a mission called Polaris Dawn, where an all-civilian crew performed the first-ever spacewalk. The outing has made history. Previously, only astronauts from government space agencies have travelled into space to build or upgrade space stations in orbit, repair satellites and conduct scientific experiments. The company has more ambitious plans for space travel, and it’s not alone. For example, NASA refers to Mars as its “long-term objective for human exploration”. Each of the space launches will be hazardous. It essentially involves securing humans inside a spacecraft and exploding a “bomb” beneath them, according to Paul Root Wolpe, a senior scientist. Once you’re in space, you’re subject to far higher levels of radiation than you’d encounter on Earth. Too much radiation can increase a person’s risk of cancer and mental disorders. It can also harm body tissues, resulting in digestive diseases, for example. Five years ago, scientists published a groundbreaking study comparing two identical twins — one of whom spent a year in space while the other remained on Earth. The twins, Mark and Scott Kelly, who have the same set of genes, were both trained astronauts. The researchers found that both twins experienced some changes to the way their genes worked over that period, but they changed in different ways. Some of the effects on the brother spending a year in space lasted for more than six months. These changes are thought to be a reaction to the DNA damage caused by space radiation. Commercial space travel brings a new set of dangers. Traditionally, people who travelled to space went through strict health tests and training programs monitored by national agencies. “That isn’t the case for private space travel, where the rules are determined by the individual company,” says Wolpe. To address these potential problems, some scientists bring forward genetic measures. People who have adapted to high altitude on earth have genetic factors that allow them to live well in low-oxygen environments — what if we could provide these factors for astronauts? For the time being, this approach sounds like science fiction. But one day it might become a reality. 12．What distinguishes Polaris Dawn from previous space missions? A．Its being the first-ever spacewalk into orbit. B．Its involving non-professional citizen astronauts. C．Its cooperating with government space agencies. D．Its conducting scientific experiments beyond orbit. 13．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Meaningful. B．Necessary. C．Interesting. D．Risky. 14．What did the study on Mark and Scott Kelly reveal? A．Space travel can greatly affect genes. B．Twins have identical reactions to space conditions. C．Astronaut training can prevent some genetic changes. D．DNA damage caused by space radiation is permanent. 15．What is Wolpe’s primary concern regarding commercial space travel? A．The high cost of health tests and training programs. B．The environmental impact of commercial space travel. C．The lack of standardized health evaluation and instruction for tourists. D．The absence of financial support from the government. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 If people prefer warm or cold weather all year long, where should they go? Or if they liked cold weather, where would they go? The answer to this question depends upon the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth. 16 The angle at which sunlight strikes the earth’s surface is called the angle of insolation (日射). It means the amount of the sun’s energy that reaches the earth at a given place and time. The angle of insolation is always smaller near the North and South Poles, which results in colder temperatures there. 17 What affects insolation? In the morning the sun is close to the horizon and at midday it is at its highest in the sky. 18 Measuring the angle of insolation is difficult because light rays are not easy to see. Therefore, the way to measure the angle is by measuring the shadows created by light rays. The shorter the shadow is, the more direct the angle of the light ray. As a result, the hotter the temperature is. 19 That is why asphalt (沥青) roads get so hot in direct sunlight. Dark soil and rocks also get very hot. Light colored sand and rocks do not get as hot because they reflect light, while dark colored things absorb light. Texture also helps determine temperature. 20 Rough textures cause light to bounce around at many angles, and each time a little more energy is absorbed. Therefore, rough surfaces get hotter than smooth surface. A．Why do some things get hotter than others? B．It refers to how smooth or rough a surface is. C．The angle determines the amount of heat the sun produces. D．After midday the sun lowers and the angle creates less heat. E．The sun’s path is high overhead and at its hottest at midday. F．Dark colors get hotter than light colors in the same temperature. G．On the other hand, the angle of insolation near the equator (赤道) creates warmer temperatures. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 21 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 22 attitudes. I’d be 23 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 24 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 25 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 26 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 27 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 28 orange glow. The eclipse 29 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 30 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 31 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 32 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 33 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 34 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 35 a promise to my mother. 21．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 22．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 23．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 24．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 25．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 26．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 27．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 28．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 29．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 30．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 31．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 32．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 33．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 34．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 35．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions, focusing on major frontiers like 36 origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program. Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey satellite, and an upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program, 37 (comprise) of 10 satellites forming a radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is designed to capture faint cosmic (宇宙的) signals. The Kuafu-2, 38 stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world 39 (orbit) above the sun’s polar regions. Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 40 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong and Micius, achieving many original 41 (discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As China’s pilot program to support space science 42 (systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from “following others” 43 “keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields. Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation, pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By establishing international scientific teams and 44 (promote) data sharing, China continues to enhance the global influence and 45 (efficient) of its scientific satellites. 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．某中学生英语报正在举办题为“My Dream of Travelling in Space”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。要点如下： 1.梦想去的星球； 2.想去梦想星球的理由。 注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Once in a remote village, there lived a teenage girl, named Maya. She had a dream — to become an astronaut and explore the vastness of space. However, many doubted her dream because they thought it was unrealistic for someone with their poor background. In this village, there was no one daring to have this dream which was beyond the wildest dream. However, Maya was not defeated by the doubt, she dedicated herself to her studies. She bought many volumes of books on astronomy from the faraway libraries. In the beginning, her parents just let go of her crazy passion, but gradually her efforts amazed them. With their support, she even tried to find opportunities online to attend science camps, and sought guidance from mentors (导师). Maya’s passion for space grew stronger with each passing day, fueling her determination to overcome any difficulties in her path. As Maya approached her final year of high school, an opportunity arose — a famous scholarship that offered a chance to study astrophysics (天体物理学) at a famous university. Maya knew that this scholarship could be her ticket to achieving her dreams. The scholarship selection process was strict, testing candidates’ knowledge, skills, and talent. Maya poured countless hours into preparation, expanding her knowledge and improving her abilities. When the day of the scholarship interview arrived, Maya faced a group of professors and experts in the field. Nervously, she answered their questions and shared her passion for space exploration. Weeks turned into months as Maya awaited the scholarship results. Doubts and anxieties stuck in her mind, but she reminded herself of the importance of perseverance. She continued to believe in herself and her abilities, refusing to let setbacks define her journey. Finally, the day of the scholarship announcement arrived. Maya’s heart raced as the names were called one by one. As the last name echoed in the room, Maya’s heart sank — it wasn’t hers. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Disappointment washed over her, but she refused to let it stop her dreams. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Moved by Maya’s determination, the astronaut became her mentor, guiding her on a new journey. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $