Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4 Words and Expressions in adversity 在困境/逆境中 in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中 in trouble 在麻烦中 in need 在危难/贫困中 in difficulty/difficulties 在困难中 adversity (pl. adversities) n. 困境；逆境 1. The athlete met adversity with courage after getting injured and still managed to return to the competition. 2. The company is struggling in adversity due to the economic downturn. 3. The adverse effects of the medicine made patients fat and had zits痘痘. wages of £200 a week 一星期200英镑的工资 offer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上调工资 wage sth. (against/on sb./sth.) 开始/发动/进行/继续(战争/战斗等) wage (pl. wages) n. 工资 v. 开展，发动（运动或战争） wage 通常指按小时、日、周或月等计算的报酬，一般用于体力劳动者或低级职员的收入。 income 指收入、收益、所得； pay 指工资、薪水； salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 【语境应用】用salary/wage/pay完成句子。 1) Building workers usually get their ______ by the hour. 2) The president’s _______ is $200, 000 a year. 3) He doesn’t like the job, but the ________ is good. wages salary pay bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的；痛苦的 a bitter experience 痛苦的经历 bitter cold 严寒 Good medicine is bitter in the mouth 良药苦口 be bitter about 对…不满 bitterly adv.痛苦地 bitterness n. 苦味，悲痛 单句语法填空 I'm still bitter ____ the whole affair. He ________(bitter) regretted his rudeness. about　 bitterly　 Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. I felt quite bitter about it at the time. The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute. It's really bitter out today. 味苦的 使人悲痛的 激烈而不愉快的 严寒的 expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.探险;远征;探险队 2.join / take part in / send / lead an expedition 派遣、率领、参加一支探险队 1.expedite v.加快；加速 ➊ go on an to the Antarctic ➋ During the , what deeply impressed all of us was his endurance and perseverance. expedition expedition endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力 1. Their friendship is an enduring bond that has withstood the test of time. 2. The discomfort was endurable with the use of some pain-killers. 3. The noise from the construction site was unendurable, driving the residents crazy. 4. His rudeness went beyond endurance, leading to an argument. endure v.忍耐；持续 bear/ tolerate/stand endure pain/suffering/ hardship/stress enduring adj.持久的 endurable adj.可忍受的 unendurable adj无法忍受的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛 vigorous [ˈvɪɡərəs] adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的;朝气蓬勃的 vigorously/energetically adv. 精力充沛地;活泼地 vigour /vigor/ n. 精力；力量；活力 energy n. 精力; 力量; 活力; 能源 energetic adj. 精力旺盛/充沛的 turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) turn to　　　　 求助于；转向；翻至(某一页)；从事于 turn up 出现；把……调高 turn down　　　 拒绝; 关小; 调低 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn over 翻过来；移交 turn out 结果是……；生产，制造 turn in 上交；呈递 返回导航 [单句语法填空] 1. If you turn _____ Page 40, you will find it. 2. While in trouble, you can turn ___ her for help. 3. He didn’t turn ___ at the meeting until half past ten. 4. Your father is working, so please turn ______ the TV a little. 5. Now you must turn ____ your radio and go to bed at once. off to to up down qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识 (1)be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 (2)qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 qualify sb for sth 使某人有资格获得某物 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 qualify sb. to do 使某人有资格做 (3)qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书 The reason why I think I am qualified for the steward are as follows. 我认为自己能有资格担任乘务员的原因如下。 12 单句语法填空 (1)I have taken part in several similar activities, which will qualify me ______ the voluntary work. (2)Last year, one in five boys left school without a ____________ (qualify). (3)The test will qualify you ________(drive) the new car. (1)If you complete this training program, it will qualify you _____ a promotion within the company. (2)Completing this certification course will make you ___________ (qualify) to work as a lifeguard. 句型转换 (4)He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job. →He is looking for a person ______________________．(形容词短语作定语) for qualification to drive qualified to do the job for qualified 13 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 (1)be enthusiastic about… 对……热情/感兴趣 (2)enthusiasm n. [U]热情;热爱的事物 with enthusiasm 热情地 (3)enthusiast n. 热心者 (4)enthusiastically adv. 热心地；狂热地 单句语法填空 (1)He’s always been very enthusiastic ______ sports. (2)Today, I am just as ___________ (enthusiasm) about my job as the day I first started. (3)Every day, she works ______________ (enthusiastic). about enthusiastic　 enthusiastically 【单句语法填空/词汇升级】 (1)Since he is enthusiastic ________ exploring different cultures, he plans to travel to several countries next year. (2)As a music ________________ (enthusiastic), she spends most of her free time attending concerts and listening to new albums. (3)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)“Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you！” they shouted enthusiastically. →“Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you！” they shouted ________________．读后续写之有效对话 about enthusiast with enthusiasm 返回导航 aboard [əˈbɔːd]: adv. & prep. 上(船/飞机/公共汽车等) board [bɔːd]: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 abroad [əˈbrɔːd]: adv. 到国外; 去国外; 在国外 broad adj宽广的，宽阔的 aboard the plane/ship/bus/train 在飞机上/船上/公共汽车上/火车上 go/get aboard the plane/ship/bus/train登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车 at home and abroad domestic and foreign countries 16 The children were all _________ the school bus. The passengers are _________ the train. The company's _________ of directors is meeting today. Many students go _________ to study. The _________ avenue was crowded with people. He has a ________ knowledge of history. aboard boarding board broad abroad broad assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配 assign sb. sth. ＝ assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to sth. 指派某人(做)某一项工作 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 assign sb. as + 职务. 指派某人担任某职务 assignment n.分配，任务 (1)The task ________ (assign), dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. (2)The reporter was assigned ________(cover) the news.   (3) He has just come off a difficult ____________(assign). (4)The teacher has _______ (assign) each of us a holiday task since two days ago. assigned to cover assignment assigned (5)The teacher assigned a different task each of the children. (6)You need to complete three (assign) each week. to assignments envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 (1)with envy 羡慕地 be green with envy 非常嫉妒；非常眼红 envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事 envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事 become/be the envy of sb 成为羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象 out of envy 出于嫉妒 (2)envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的 be envious of… 嫉妒…… (3)enviously adv. 羡慕地； 嫉妒地 (1)Her long hair is the envy __________ her colleagues. (2)When I was very small，I felt so __________(envy) to see the children riding bicycles，and I thought they were so cool. 完成句子 (3)They only say such unkind things about you __________． 他们纯粹出于忌妒才对你说这些不友善的话。 of envious out of envy 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)She looked at her friend's new car ________ envy, wishing she could afford one like that. (2)I am envious ________ her ability to stay calm under pressure, as I tend to get anxious in similar situations. (3)他出于妒忌批评了朋友的新车，尽管他自己买不起。 He ____________________________________, even though he couldn't afford one himself. with of criticized his friend's new car out of envy 返回导航 sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池 1.sink into the sea/anger 陷入,沉入 2.be sunk/lost in thought 陷入沉思中 3.sb's heart sinks 某人心沉了下去（指心情沮丧） 4.a sinking feeling 不详的感觉,沮丧之情 (sank/sunk -- sunk) 1) The Titanic was a passenger ship which _____ (sink) into the bottom of the ocean in 1912. 2) Tom let out a sigh and _____ (sink) into the chair. 3) She just sat there, sunk ___ thought. sank sank in abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任；放纵 (1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2)abandoned adj.废弃的；被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to (doing)… 沉湎于(做)…… = abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于 (3)abandon n. 放任；放纵 with abandon放任地；放纵地；尽情地 (4)abandonment n.离弃；遗弃 However great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean. 无论困难有多大，我们永远不会放弃保护海洋。 (1)However, last month，these plans __________________(abandon) because of financial problems. (2)The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms __________ abandon. (3)They abandoned ________(carry) out the plan for lack of money. (4)I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the examination. →_____________________________________，I performed extremely badly in the examination.(动词-ing形式短语作状语) →____________________________，I performed extremely badly in the examination.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) were abandoned　 with carrying Abandoning myself to computer games Abandoned to computer games 1) As far as I know, they have abandoned ________ (carry) out the plan for lack of money. 2) The kind woman decided to take care of the cats __________ (abandon) by their owners. 3) Tom abandoned himself to _______ (play) computer games and I resolved to help him. 4) Although he was the last one ________ (reach) the finish line, the other children cheered _____ abandon, not for the result but for his strong perseverance. carrying abandoned playing to reach with blanket n. 毯子 (pl. blankets) v. 覆盖，笼罩 adj.全面的，无一例外的;通用的 a blanket of fog/snow/cloud 厚厚的一层雾 / 雪 / 云 carpet [ˈkɑːpɪt]: n. 地毯 belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产 belong to 属于（无被动） personal belongings 个人财物 a sense of belonging 归属感 同类表达： savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体 belong vi.属于 1. When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 2. Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers. 3. The old house (belong) to my grandfather is still in good condition. 4. China is a country ________ (belong) to the third world. 5. That red car belongs ________ Miss Li. belonging to belonging belonging to miserably adv. 痛苦地; 令人难受地; 悲惨地 misery n. 痛苦；悲惨 a miserable weekend 一个惨兮兮的周末 a miserably cold day 令人难受的寒冷天气 miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 voyage [ˈvɔɪɪdʒ]: n. & vi. 航海; 航行; 航天(pl. voyages) trip: n. 旅行 (普通用词，常指短途旅行) journey [ˈdʒɜːnɪ]: n. 旅行; 旅程 (最普通用词，主要指时间较长、距离较远的陆上/水上/空中的旅行。) tour: n. 旅游; 观光 (距离可长可短) travel: n. 旅行 (泛指旅行的行为) decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 a decent meal/job/place to live 相当不错的饭菜 / 工作 / 住所 decently adv. 合适地; 体面地; 像样地; 有礼貌地 decency n. 正派; 正直; 体面; 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准 cosy /'kəʊzɪ/ adj.温馨的;舒适的 1.cosily adv.舒适地（cozily） 2.cosiness n.舒适；安逸 （coziness） selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj.自私的 1.selfishly adv.自私地;任性地 2.selfishness n.自私 3.selfless adj. 无私的 4.selflessly adv. 无私地 3.selflessness n.无私 genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 (指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时, 常可与 real 换用) genuineness n.真实，真正；真诚，真挚 a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人 genuinely adv.真地; 真正地; 真诚地; 诚实地 fake: 假的(指伪造的、冒充的) perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 persevere in/ with sth. 锲而不舍做...... persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持(做)... with perseverance = perseverantly adv. 坚持不懈地 show great perseverance in the face of adversities 面对逆境表现出极大毅力 persevere = persist vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 perseverant / persevering adj.锲而不舍的 1. Despite facing numerous setbacks (挫折), the scientist persevered ___ his research on cancer treatment. 2. Her ____________ (persevere) in the face of adversity is an inspiration to us all. 3. She her violin lessons. in/with perseverance persevered with resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定 vt.& vi.决定；决心；解决 (1) resolve n.决议;解决;坚定 vt.& vi.决定；决心；解决 resolve sth 解决某事 resolve to do sth 决定做某事=resolve on doing sth 决定做某事 strengthen one’s resolve 坚定决心 (2)resolute adj.坚决的;果断的 (3)resolved adj.有决心的 (1)We must find a way ____________(resolve) these problems before it’s too late. (2)The government is pressing for an early ________(resolve) of the dispute. (3)I ______________________________ the most challenging task to Tom—a hard-working and enthusiastic man. 我已经决定把这项最具挑战性的任务分配给汤姆——一个既勤奋又热情的人。 to resolve　 resolution have resolved to assign 单句语法填空 (1)They made a firm resolve ________ (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream. (2)Mike resolved ________ (run) for the mayor of their city. (3)He has already resolved on ________ (ask) Mary for marriage. (4)They haven’t found a proper __________ (resolve) to that problem. to set to run asking　 resolution cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelly adv. 残酷地; 残暴地; cruelty n. 残酷，虐待; 不公 be cruel to sb/sth 对…残酷/冷酷 It is cruel to do sth. 做某事残酷/冷酷 1. The soldiers were very cruel their prisoners of war. 2. The king’s (cruel) excited the people to rise against him. 3. We find ourselves (cruel) cut off from the wireless world. 4. A mother who her child is unnatural. 母亲对孩子残忍是不近人情的。 单句语法填空/完成句子 to cruelty cruelly is cruel to thoroughly adv.非常; 极其; 彻底; 完全 thoroughness n. 完全，十分 thorough understanding 透彻的了解 thorough cleaning 彻底的打扫 thorough description 详尽的描写 After the thorough cleaning, all the rubbish in the room was gone. 经过彻底的打扫, 房间里所有的垃圾都不见了。 thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的;考虑周到的 (1)_____________________________________________，four things are necessary. 为了完全掌握一门外语，有四点是必要的。 (2)This explanation, of course, ________________________ by everyone present. 当然，在场的每一个人都完全理解这种解释。 (3)Engineers carried out ___________________ of the track. 工程师对轨道进行了彻底检查。 (4)The police carried out ________________________. 警方展开了全面的调查。 In order to master a foreign language thoroughly was thoroughly understood a thorough inspection a thorough investigation furniture 家具 a piece of furniture 一件家具 If you need a piece of furniture or electronic item, like a flat screen TV, this would not be the time to buy it. 如果你想买家具或电子产品，比如说平板电视，这并不是购买的好时机。 fortunately [ˈfɔːtʃənətli] adv.幸运地 7.make a fortune 发财，赚钱 8.seek/try one's fortune 碰运气 1.fortune n.运气，财富 2.fortunate adj. 幸运的 3.fortunately adv.幸运地 4.misfortune n.不幸 5.unfortunate adj. 不幸的 6.unfortunately adv. 不幸地 单句语法填空 （1）_______________（fortunate），after six years’ hard work，he founded his own company. （2）___________________（unfortunate），his father died， leaving the whole family even poorer. （3）He felt _________________（fortune） that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview. （4）I was fortunate ________________（enjoy） such attractive scenery in your hometown. （5）Central London is fortunate ____ having so many large parks and open spaces. （6）I ____________________________________________（非常幸运地遇到了教授）who appreciated my paintings very much. Fortunately Unfortunately fortunate to enjoy in was fortunate enough to meet the professor bark vi.& n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声 a bark of laughter 一声大笑 bark at sb/sth 对...汪汪叫 bark out sth 厉声发令/厉声质问 bark out an order 厉声宣布命令 damp /dæmp/ adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 damply adv.潮湿地 dampness n.潮湿 dampen v.弄湿 recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/ n.娱乐;消遣;游戏 recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的 近：amusement/entertainment guidance n. 指导；引导；导航 (1) give sb. guidance on/about 给某人有关……的指导 (2) under the guidance of sb. = under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指导下 (3) without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导 guide n. 导游；指南 vt. 指导；给……领路 All activities take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher. 所有的活动都在经验丰富的导师的指导下进行。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The tour guide guided us ______ the ancient ruins, where we learned about the history of the civilization. (2)The school should make a rule to guide the students ________ (use) electronic devices in a proper way. (3)在他们教练的指导下，团队最终在比赛中取得了胜利。 →_________________________________________________, the team gained a victory in the match at last.(guidance n．) →________________________, the team gained a victory in the match at last.(guide v．) to to use Under the guidance of their coach/their coach's guidance Guided by their coach 返回导航 advertisement n. 广告；广告宣传 advertise v. 公布；宣传；做广告 advertising n. 广告活动；广告业 advertiser n. 广告商；广告人员；登广告者 We should advertise for someone to look after the garden. 我们该登个广告聘人来照管花园。 loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 loyal service 忠诚服务 be loyal to sb/sth 对...忠诚 a loyal friend/supporter 忠实的朋友/支持者 loyally adv. 忠诚地 rough [rʌf ]: adj. 汹涌的; 粗糙的; 粗略的; 困难的 roughly: adv. 大约; 粗暴地 tough [tʌf]: adj. 困难的; 艰难的; 棘手的 toughly: adv. 坚强地; 固执地;能吃苦耐劳地 be rough on sb.对某人粗暴苛刻 a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海 a rough time 艰难时期 a rough road 崎岖的道路 1)A fishing ship sank in rough seas. 2)The farmer’s hands are rough from hard work. candidate [ˈkændɪdət]: n. 候选人; 应试者 a candidate for ....的候选人/申请人/ 投考者/应试者 candidates for the job 求职者 1)Many candidates still applied to join such explorations. 2)Who will be the presidential candidate? 3)There are a large number of candidates for the job. 4)A candidate is someone who is taking an examination. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give up (on sb) 戒除；放弃；让出 give away 不小心透露，泄露；赠送，免费给予 give out 分配，分发；（食物、燃料、力气等）用光，精疲力竭 give in （to ...） （向……）屈服，投降，让步；提出，上交 give back　 归还 give on to sth 有某物的景致；朝向某物 (give upon, look out upon) give over （doing sth）停止做某事 1. 在最后300米时，大卫累坏了，汗水从他脸上滚落下来。但他咬紧牙关，下定决心决不放弃。这就是大卫，一个坚忍不拔的孩子，从不向困难屈服。 In the last 300 meters，David ，sweat rolling down his face. But he gritted his teeth and made up his mind never to .Such was David，a boy with great perseverance，who never to hardships. 2. 随着大学毕业的临近，学生会将举办一场活动，毕业生们将把他们用过的书送给他们的学弟学妹。(话题写作之活动安排) With graduation from university drawing near，the Student Association is to hold an activity where graduates will ________ their used books to their juniors. gave out give up gave in give away commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 (1)make a commitment (to do sth) 做出承诺(做某事) (2)commit vt. 犯罪；做错事；保证；承诺 commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth 专心致志于/承诺/保证(做)某事 (3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；尽责的；效忠的；坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth＝commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事 (1)He was a good man who was ____________ (commit) to his family as well as to his work. (2)If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ____________(commit). (3)The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you _________________________________ it. 一旦你全身心投入，你目标的实现就可以得到保证。 committed commitment are committed to/commit yourself to motive n.动机;原因;目的 (1)motive for (doing) sth (做)某事的动机/目的 (2)motivate vt. 激励；成为……的动机 motivate…to do… 激励……去做…… (3)motiveless adj. 无动机的 (4)motivated adj. 有动机的；有目的的 (5)motivation n. 动力；动机；激励 (1)If you haven’t already checked it out, it’s time to get ___________(motivate).激发动力 (2)One ________(motivate) in imposing the new rule is to enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility. (3)Sometimes this will make us withdraw, but it can also _________________________ our attention or change our learning strategy. 有时这会使我们退缩，但它也可以激励我们转移注意力或改变我们的学习策略。 motivated motive motivate us to shift Thank You $