Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 逆境与勇气 (words and expressions) Warriors are on the thorny path. 勇士是在充满荆棘的道路上前行的 Teaching objectives 1.Learn to know the usage of some important words. 2.To do some exercises by using these words. 2 1.adversity n. 困境；逆境 dilemma adverse adj.不利的，逆的，有害的，敌对的 face/deal with adversity 面对困境 overcome/meet with adversities 走出/遭遇逆境 in adversity=in a dilemma =in trouble /need/ difficulty 在困境中 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。 2.wage n. 工资 v. 开展，发动（运动或战争） a good/high wage 高薪 a low/ small wage低薪 a living wage 维持基本生活的工资 wage cut 减薪 Compare: salary [C] 薪水，工资（按月发放给专业人士的） earn/pay/offer an annual/monthy salary (of...) a good/high/low/small/basic salary offer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上调工资 wage sth (against/on ....) 对...发动(战争/斗争) 【词语辨析】wage，income，pay 与salary （1）wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 （2）income 指收入、收益、所得。 （3）pay 指做完具体工作工资、薪水。 （4）salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。 3.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 a bitter taste /wind/ battle 苦味/寒风/激烈的战斗 the bitter cold 严寒 shed bitter tears 留下苦涩的泪 be bitter about ...对...愤愤不平 bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地;极其 bitterness n[U] 苦味; 悲痛 3.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 sour adj.酸的 sweet/sugary adj.甜的 spicy adj.辣的 salty adj.咸的 Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 良药苦口 4.expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n. [C] 探险,远征,考察(to sth/to do sth) join in / take part in / send / lead an expedition be on/plan/make/go on an expedition (to...) [C] 短途出行(=trip) go on a shipping expedition 外出钓鱼 a shopping expedition 外出购物 参加/ 派遣/率领一支探险队 正在/计划/去探险 expedite v.加快；加速 5.endurance [ ɪnˈdjʊərəns ] n. 忍耐力；耐久力 endure vt. 忍受, 忍耐=bear/tolerate/stand endure sth./doing sth./ to do sth.容忍去做某事 endurable adj.可忍受的，能持久的 unendurable=unbearable adj.难以忍受的 (be) beyond endurance 无法忍受 increase one’s endurance 增加某人的耐力 6.vigour / vigor n. 精力；力量；活力 =energy/enthusiasm vigorous [ˈvɪɡərəs] adj. 精力充沛的, 强健的=energetic vigorously adv. 精神旺盛地; 活泼地 be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛=be energetic/vigorous 7.turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)调低,关小 reject/refuse/decline down/up 调小/大；出现;露面; on /off 打开/关闭 in交上;归还 into... 变成 turn out (to be)+ n. /adj./that... 结果是… over移交给;翻阅;把..翻过来;反复考虑 away避开;解雇;不准..入内 (a)round转身，转向;归航; ... back 原路返回 by turns / in turn 轮流，依次 1. Turning the car __________, he headed home. 2. It was late afternoon _________ we finally decided it was time to turn _______. 3. If you turn _____ Page 40, you will find it. 4. While in trouble, you can turn _______ her for help. 5. He didn’t turn ______ at the meeting until half past ten. 6. Your father is working, so please turn _______ the TV a little. 7. Now you must turn ________ your radio and go to bed at once. around when/that back off to to up down She turned her car round and drove off in the opposite direction. 8．qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) be/feel qualified for (doing) sth. 具有做某事的资格 to do sth. 有资格做某事 qualify vi. /vt. 使具有资格；证明…合格 qualify as … 取得…资格；作为…合适 qualify sb. for sth. 使某人具备做某事的资格 to do sth. 使某人能做某事 qualification n. 资格；资历；学历 have the qualifications for 有资格做某事 单句语法填空 (1)Many people think Mr Li is quite qualified ________ (be) headmaster of this school. (2)She graduated from a university and I think she is qualified ________ this position. (3)Mrs Wang has taken a certificate and she qualifies ________ a bus driver. (4)His wife has the ___________ (qualify) for lawyer, but she is now working in a company. to be　 for as qualifications 9．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 be enthusiastic about… 对…热情/感兴趣 enthusiasm n. 热心；热情；热衷的事物 be full of enthusiasm充满热情 with（great） enthusiasm（非常）热情地 enthusiastically adv. 热心地；狂热地 enthusiast n. 热心者；爱好者 (1)He’s always been very enthusiastic ________ sports. (2)Today, I am just as ________________ (enthusiasm) about my job as the day I first started. about enthusiastic　 go aboard the train/plane 上火车/登机 All aboard！ 请大家上船/火车/公共汽车！ 10.aboard prep.&adv.上(船、火车、飞机等) abroad adv. 在国外，到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 在国内外 board v. 登上；寄宿 n.木板;董事会；伙食 broad adj. 广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 16 cupboard [ˈkʌbəd ] n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 11．assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 assign sb. sth. ＝assign sth. to sb. 分配某物给某人 assign sb. to do sth. 指定/安排某人做某事 assign sb as sth 委派某人任某职 assignment n. 任务,作业,分配,指派 on assignment 受委派 assigned adj.指定的，分派的 sign n.符号,标志 vt.签署,签名 steward [ˈstjuːəd ] n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess [ˌstjuːəˈdes] [C] 女服务员，乘务员 (pl. stewardesses) 12.envy v./n 羡慕；妒忌 envy sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事 with envy 羡慕/妒忌地 out of envy 出于忌妒 be/become the envy of 成为令...羡慕的对象 envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 be envious of 羡慕/嫉妒... envied adj. 被嫉妒的，被羡慕的 envier n.羡慕者，嫉妒者 20 13．abandon vt. 放弃；舍弃；抛弃 n. 放任；放纵 abandon sth. to sb. /sth. 放弃...给... abandon doing sth 放弃做.... abandon...for... 为…而放弃… abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事 abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；无约束的 be abandoned by… 被…所抛弃 be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于… abandonment n.离弃；遗弃 abandon 写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。 1. The match was abandoned because of bad weather. __________ 2. The search for the missing sailors(水手) was abandoned after two days. ___________ 3. Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city. ___________ 4. The market might abandon the stock(存货), and knock down its price. __________ 5. A shared bike is left abandoned at a bus stop. ___________ adj 被遗弃的 放弃 / 终止 离开，离弃 清理 取消 14.sink vi.（sank/ sunk，sunk）沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 float v.漂浮 His heart sank at the thought. 想到这个他情绪低落。 sink to the bottom of… 沉到…的底部 be sunk in sth. 陷入不快（或沉思）中 sink onto/into... 陷入...中；....被完全理解 sinking adj.下沉的；沮丧的 a sinking feeling 沮丧之情 stove [ stəʊv ] n. 炉具；厨房灶具 15. blanket n.毯子 v笼罩，使模糊 a blanket of 一片/一层... a wet blanket 扫兴的人;泼冷水的人 throw a wet blanket on/over sb. 给某人泼冷水 blank n.空格，空白 adj.空白的，茫然的 16 .voyage n. & vi. 航行；（尤指）航海，航天 on the voyage 在航行途中 go on / make / take a voyage 去航行 banjo [ˈbændʒəʊ] n. 班卓琴(乐器) navy [ ˈneɪvi ] n. 海军；海军部队 join the navy参加海军 17. cosy adj.温馨的，舒适的=comfortable/easeful/pleasing/homelike cosiness n.舒适 cosily adv.惬意地，舒适地 18.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 miserably adv.痛苦地 misery n.痛苦，苦难，困苦 make one’s life a misery 使某人痛苦 put sb out of one’s misery 消除某人的忧虑 19. selfish adj.自私的 selfish behavior 自私的行为 It is selfish of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 selfless adj.无私的 selfishness un.自私 selflessness un.无私 self n.自己，自我；私心 20．belongings n. [pl. ]财物；动 property n. 财产 personal belongings 个人财产 belonging un. 归属 a sense of belonging 归属感 belong vi. 属于 belong to (介词) 属于;是…的成员 无被动，不用于进行时 (1)China is a country ________ (belong) to the third world. (2)On the train all her belongings __________ (steal) last week. belonging were stolen　 21.good/bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的 keep / control / lose one’s temper 忍住怒火/控制脾气/发火 be in a (bad) temper 正在气头上 a short/quick temper 急性子 fly into a temper 勃然大怒 temper n.脾气;性情 temple n.寺庙 22.perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 perseverant adj.锲而不舍的,坚持不懈的 persevere v.坚持；孜孜以求 persevere in (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 persevere in/with sth 对......坚持不懈 23．resolve v. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念 resolve to do /on doing sth.=make a resolution to do sth. 决定做某事 resolve into 分解成 It is resolved that...做出决议；表决…… strengthen one's resolve to do sth 坚定某人做...的决心 resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 pass/adopt/carry a resolution 通过一项决议 a resolution to (do) sth... ...的解决/做...的决心 24．cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 it is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的 be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷 cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地 cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为 Their beautiful dream was broken ________ . cruelly 25．thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 havea thorough knowledge of 对....了解透彻 thoroughness n.彻底性；完全 thoroughly adv. 彻底地；完全地 【易混辨析】 thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的 though adv. 虽然；可是　 conj. 虽然；尽管 through prep. 穿过；通过　adv. 彻底，完全 thought n. 思想，v.think过去式及分词 26.furniture [U] n. 家具 a piece of/ an item of furniture 一件家具 a set of furniture 一套家具 furnish v. 为...配备家具 be furnished with 配备着... furnished adj.配备家具的 36 27. unfortunately adv.不幸地 unluckily fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 lucky to do sth. 幸运做某事 be/feel fortunate in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面幸运 fortune n. 巨款；机会；运气 luck seek/try one's fortune 找出路；碰运气 make a fortune 发财;赚钱 misfortune n. 厄运，不幸 fortunately adv. 幸运地 luckily unfortunate adj.不幸的 unlucky 37 28．recreation n.n. 娱乐，消遣(un)；娱乐活动(cn) recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的 recreationist n.消遣者，享乐者 (1)The town and its environment are inviting, with ________ (recreation) attractions and art museums. (2)There are all kinds of _______________ (recreation) in our school when school is over. recreational recreations 29．guidance n.指导，引导；导航 under one’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb. 在...指导下 give/offer sb guidance on/about... =guidance for sb. on sth. 给某人有关…的指导 seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导 without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导 guide n. 指南；指导；导游　vt. 给...领路 travel guides 旅行手册 guide sb. to/through/around给某人带路 guided adj.有指导的；有导游的 guide v.指导，带领 n.指南，手册，向导 (2021新高考Ⅰ卷续写)父亲毫不犹豫地带领他们准备年夜饭。 Without hesitation, their father guided them to prepare for the festive feast. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷续写)令他们欣慰的是，在父亲的指导下，他们成功地做好了早餐。 To their relief, with the guidance of father, they successfully made the breakfast. 30．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 advertise vt. &vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 advertise for sb/sth to do sth 登广告招聘...做某事 be advertised as… 被宣传为…… advertiser n. 登广告者；广告商 advertisement =ad n. 广告 the public advertisement 公益广告 单句语法填空 (1)If you want to attract more customers, try _______________ (advertise) in the local paper. (2)We are currently advertising ________ a new sales manager. (3)She advertises herself ________ the best cook in the town. (4)Now we can see ____________ (advertise) almost everywhere. advertising for　 as　 advertisements 31.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 roughly adv. 大约；大致；差不多 roughly speaking 粗略地说 rough ground 高低不平的地面 32.navigator n.领航员；航行者 navigate v.领航，航行 navigation n.航行 33.loyal adj.忠诚的 loyalty n.忠诚 be loyal to sb 对某人忠诚 disloyal adj.不忠诚的 loyally adv.忠诚地；诚实地 34.make fire 生火 catch fire 着火（动作） be on fire 着火（状态） set … on fire 使…着火 set fire to... 放火烧 be full of fire 充满激情 light a fire 点火 put out the fire 灭火 play with fire 玩火; 冒大风险 on/over the open fire 在篝火上 45 35.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) away 赠送；分发；泄露 out 发出光/热/信号;分发；耗尽,用光 give back 归还；送回 in (to...) (向...)屈服；让步 up 放弃 way to 给…让路;向…让步 完成句子 (1)She decided to give these old clothes ________ . (2)It isn’t mine; I must give it ________ to the owner. (3)He will soon give____ because he cannot win the game. (4)The English teacher gave ___________ the examination papers at 7:50． (5)I can’t answer that puzzle; I give ________ . away back up out/away up/in 36．commitment n. (cn)承诺的事；不得不做的事 (un)花费；使用;奉献；保证 commitment to sb. /(doing) sth. 奉献；投入；对...的承诺 make a commitment 作出承诺 commit vt. 犯罪；承诺，保证 commit an error/a crime 犯错/犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心于/承诺/保证(做)某事 committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/专心于(做) 某事 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. ___________ 2. I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. ___________ 3. Women very often have to have a balance between work and family commitments. ___________ 4. Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy. ___________ 奉献精神 承诺 家庭事务 投入 commitment 你还能想到哪些表示“专注于 / 致力于做某事”的表达？ be lost in devote oneself to focus on be occupied in be absorbed in be involved in be engaged in be dedicated to sth bury oneself in be employed in concentrate on 37.motive n.动机;原因;目的 motivate v. 使有动机；刺激 motivation n.动力，诱因；积极性 a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 38.crush vt.毁坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群ruin/destroy/damage 形近：crash [kræʃ] v./n. 坠毁;猛撞; 碰撞 get/be crushed by 被……挤压 have a crush on sb. 迷恋某人 51 39.decent adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 decently adv.体面地；合适地 decency n.正派；体面；庄重 a decent meal 不错的饭菜 40.genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的sincere/honest genuinely adv.真诚地 genuineness n. 真诚 a genuine person 诚实可信的人 52 41.damp adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 damply adv.潮湿地 dampness n.潮湿 dampen v.弄湿 42.corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的 corporation n.公司；法人company 形近：cooperate[kəʊˈɒpəreɪt] vi. 合作; 协助 multinational corporations 跨国公司 53 Relaxing time A game (Bingo) Rules: 1.Prepare a piece of paper and draw a form. 2.I will give you nine words. Write it down in any of the forms you like. 3.I will read them again in different orders . Make marks at the words that you’ve heard 4.If you get a straight line, shout : “Bingo” 54 拓展单词 1. adverse adj.不利,有害的→____________ n.困境 2.bitter adj. 严寒的，激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→______　　　　　 adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其 2. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→__________ vt. 忍耐 4. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备…的知识→__________vt.使具有资格；证明…合格 vi.取得资格；有资格→ ____________ n. 资格；资历；学历 5. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→_____________ adv. 热心地；狂热地→____________n. [U]热情;热爱的事物 6. assign vt.分派; 布置；分配→___________ n.分配的工作、任务 qualify qualification enthusiastically enthusiasm bitterly endure assignment adversity 7. envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 → __________adj. 羡慕的; 嫉妒的 8. belongings  n. 财物；财产→ __________ v. 属于 9. selfish adj. 自私的→ __________ adj.无私的 10. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→ _____________ n .毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 11. resolve vt.&vi.决定；决心；解决→ ___________n. 决心；坚定的信念 12. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的→ _________ n. 残酷 13. thorough adj．深入的；彻底的；细致的→ ____________ adv．深入地；彻底地 belong envious selfless perseverance resolution cruelty thoroughly 14. fortune n. 机会;运气;财富→ __________adj. 幸运的→ __________adv. 幸运地→ ______________adv. 不幸地→__________ n.不幸，厄运 15. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→ __________ vt. 指导；引导 16. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→ __________ v. 宣传；做广告 →__________ n.广告商 17 loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ _____________ n.忠诚；忠实 18. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 → ___________vt. 承诺；保证→ ___________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 19. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 → ____________ n.动机 fortunately fortunate unfortunately guide advertise advertiser loyalty committed commit motivation misfortune turn sb. down set off become stuck in from bad to worse make it hold on 返回导航 第1轮 英语 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE ahead of cheer sb. up give off persevere in doing sth. pay back sign up for 返回导航 第1轮 英语 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Unit 4 谢谢观看 null 330891.4 $