好题推荐：社会文化研究报告类六篇（限时练）-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

阅读理解CD篇限时45分钟：社会文化研究报告六篇 A （2026·广西·一模） Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect. The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon. This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things. The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade. 1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To analyse reasons. B. To make a comparison. C. To lead in the topic. D. To present viewpoints. 2. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3? A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work. B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life. C. A rush to show off one’s wealth. D. A biological urge to seek novelty. 3. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Uncontrollable. C. Adaptable. D. Casual. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. When One New Thing Changes Everything B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption B （2026·广东大湾区·一模） What if you could stay mentally sharp in old age? We may be closer to understanding “superagers” — people over 80 with the cognitive (认知) skills of someone decades younger. Northwestern University’s SuperAging Research Program has identified some common brain features that help preserve this function. The research defines a “distinct brain-related signature” for identifying superagers: You might be one if you’re 80 or older and can recall at least nine words 30 minutes after hearing a 15-word list. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% reduction over 18 months compared to the 2.24% seen in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system, which is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability. This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales. “Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. Additionally, superagers’ thicker anterior cingulate gyrus — a brain region linked to motivation rather than memory — suggests that they may be more willing to engage in challenging tasks. However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds. Still, this research could help find future treatments for some brain diseases. Northwestern’s ongoing work aims to advance this goal, including investigating what makes von Economo neurons special and their role in disease resistance. 5. What is the key characteristic that sets superagers apart from their peers? A. Rapid brain thinning. B. Strong critical thinking. C. Superb visual memory. D. High social engagement. 6. Why does the author mention whales in paragraph 3? A. To analyze human-animal ties. B. To illustrate the basis of sociability. C. To show the observation result. D. To contrast brains of various species. 7. What does Gefen mean by saying “It’s like the pack culture”? A. Social bonds benefit individuals. B. Pack animals are faced with more risks. C. Each species has its own culture. D. Sociability is rooted in animal behavior. 8. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Suggestions for further studies. B. Study limitations. C. Comparisons with other findings. D. Experts’ comments. C（2026·广东汕头·一模） In the digital age, the line between “work” and “rest” has blurred. The rise of the “lying flat” (Tang Ping) movement in Asia highlighted a generation’s burnout. However, a new counter-movement, “Ging” (meaning “going”), is gaining traction. Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow. Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate for working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm. “It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.” Critics worry this could lead to instability. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy. 9. What does the “Ging” movement primarily emphasize? A. Constant productivity and long working hours. B. A rhythmic pattern of intense work and complete rest. C. Complete withdrawal from the workforce. D. Working only during traditional office hours. 10. According to the survey, how did most Gen Z employees feel after adopting the “Ging” rhythm? A. More anxious but wealthier. B. Less productive but happier. C. More productive and less anxious. D. No different from before. 11. What does life coach Mei Chen compare the brain’s energy to? A. A battery. B. A switch. C. A wave. D. A river. 12. What is the significance of companies adopting “Flow Hours”? A. It shows that “Ging” is becoming part of official work structures. B. It proves that traditional offices are obsolete. C. It indicates that companies are ignoring employee burnout. D. It means the “lying flat” movement has ended. D.（2026·河北石家庄·一模） In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”. Picture a two-by-two grid, like a window. In one quadrant (象限) of the “Johari Window” is all the things you and other people know about you. In another quadrant is all the stuff that you know about yourself but that other people don’t know about. The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself. The “Johari Window” provided a framework for thinking about these things, but it’s only in more recent years that psychologists have conducted research that establishes that people really do have these kinds of blind spots. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are actually pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of. How can you find out what your blind spots are? For a systematic approach, you could consider completing a basic personality test. Then ask a sample of trusted friends, relatives, or colleagues to complete the same test about you. Ask them to be as honest as possible. Finally, compare your test scores with the ones other people gave you and brace yourself for some surprises. In business, this kind of approach is called 360° feedback. For a less formal approach, you could try a “dinner of truth”. It’s imperative that you do this with someone you trust and who you have a strong relationship with. At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover. 13. Which best illustrates a blind spot in the “Johari Window”? A. Emily shares art in public and gets praise. B. Alex becomes a volunteer but tells no one. C. Jocelyn’s speaking talent is unknown to others. D. Lisa interrupts somebody but doesn’t realize it. 14. What does the underlined word “meta-perception” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The framework proposed by Luft and Ingham. B. The research on psychological self-knowledge. C. The awareness of how one is viewed by others. D. The capacity to identify one’s own blind spots. 15. What can be inferred about the “dinner of truth”? A. It works best with casual acquaintances. B. It should replace formal personality tests. C. It guarantees immediate self-improvement. D. It may reveal unexpected personal weaknesses. 16. What can be the best title for the text? A. The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self B. Four Quadrants: Helping to Know About Yourself C. 360° Feedback: A Basic Strategy to Find Blind Spots D. The “Dinner of Truth”: A Formal Psychological Test E （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模） New research from neuroscientists at Trinity College Dublin shows that babies as young as two months old may have certain ability that appears far earlier than scientists previously believed. Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited (招募) 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. This setup allowed researchers to use functional MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After collecting the brain scans (扫描), the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain. It should be noted that although at two months, infants’ communication is limited by a lack of language and fine motor control, their minds are already not only representing how things look, but figuring out which category they belong to. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. Parents and scientists have long wondered what goes on in a baby’s mind and what they actually see when they view the world around them. “This research highlights the richness of brain function in the first year of life,” explains Dr. ClionaO’Doherty, the study’s lead author. The findings help clarify what is happening inside a baby’s brain long before speech or intentional movement is possible. By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. This study provides new foundational knowledge, which will help guide early-years education and inspire more biologically-grounded approaches in AI. 17. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The devices for the study. B. The process of the research. C. The state of babies’ brain function. D. The challenges in early observation. 18. What role do AI models play in this research? A. Collect brain scan data directly. B. Create colorful images for infants. C. Analyze visual representation in infant brains. D. Record infants’ movements during the experiment. 19. What is revealed in the new findings? A. Infants can communicate effectively. B. Infants can recognize bright signs at birth. C. Babies show early item categorization ability. D. Babies have more brain activities than adults. 20. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. New AI models have been tested out. B. The research will promote efficient AI models. C. Studying baby’s brain structure is a way to boost AI. D. Early-years education is largely dominated by this study. F （2026·山东青岛·一模） Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people, but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 21. What change has Richardson traced in his study? A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature. C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 22. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons. 23. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas. 24. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature 题眼句变式练习 1. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly __________(find) yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon __________(call) the Diderot Effect. （第1题） 2. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the __________(shine) new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born __________(long) for novel things. （第2题） 3. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult __________(escape) the cycle. You’ll keep __________(chase) the next upgrade. （第3题） 4. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% __________(reduce) over 18 months compared to the 2.24% __________(see) in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system,__________ is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. __________(critical), there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability. （第5题） 5. This observed sociability has __________(biology) roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell __________(associate) with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons __________(find) in highly social species like whales. （第6题） 6. “Animals with strong connections tend __________(outlive) and outsmart their peers. It’s ________ the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. （第7题） 7. However, this isn’t a long-term study __________(track) participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know __________ this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory __________(lose), their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes__________ superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds. （第8题） 8. Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate _________ working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working __________(intense) for short bursts __________(follow) by complete digital detox. （第9题） 9. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more __________(produce) and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm. （第10题） 10. “It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘__________’ like a switch. It’s designed __________(wave) — high energy, low energy, high energy.” （第11题） 11. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” __________ employees block out time for uninterrupted work, __________(prove) that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to __________(corporation) policy. （第12题） 12. In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, __________(propose) a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — ________ they called the “Johari Window”. （第13题） 13. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are __________(actual) pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity __________(detect) how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots —__________ is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree ________ but that we’re ignorant of. （第14题） 14. Proceed __________(cautious), but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might __________(cover). （第15题） 15. This setup allowed researchers to use __________(function) MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After __________(collect) the brain scans (扫描), the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories __________(represent) in the infant brain. （第18题） 16. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place ________ very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize __________ they see into distinct object categories. （第19题） 17. By studying _______ they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more __________(efficient), thus reducing their economic and __________(environment) costs. （第20题） 18. The computer modelling in the study also __________(predict) an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an__________(aware) of nature because it is not present in __________(increasing) built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass __________ an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. （第22题） 19. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look _________ significant positive progress for wildlife and people, _________ Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times __________(green) to turn around declines in nature connection. （第23题） 20. Richardson said the scale of societal change __________(require) might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds ________ average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that ________ ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. （第24题） Word bank A （2026·广西·一模） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 gorgeous 非常漂亮的，华丽的 stained-glass 彩色玻璃的 statement 抢眼的，有格调的 rearrange重新布置 luxurious 奢华的 aesthetic 美感，审美 scheme 方案，配色budget 预算 phenomenon现象 philosopher哲学家 pen 撰写 essay 散文，短文 receipt 收到,得到 gown 长袍，睡袍 spark 引发，触发 impulsive 冲动的 purchase 购买 sink into debt 负债 psychological 心理的 victim 受害者 psychotherapist 心理治疗师 response 反应brand-new 崭新的 worn-out 破旧的mismatch 不匹配 uncomfortable 不舒服的 beneath 在…之下pride 自豪 neurological 神经学的 release 释放 dopamine 多巴胺 chemical 化学物质desire 欲望 rush 兴奋感，冲动 novel 新奇的harmony 和谐 compulsive 强迫性的，难以控制的 escape 摆脱cycle 循环 chase 追逐 upgrade 升级，更新 online marketplace 线上购物平台 color scheme 配色方案 a laundry list of changes 一长串想要做的改动 dressing gown 晨袍，睡袍 a series of ...一系列 sink into debt 陷入债务 fall victim to ...成为…… 的受害者 beneath the surface 在表象之下 pleasure chemical 快乐化学物质 long for ...渴望 in harmony with ...与…和谐相处 a sense of pride /peace 自豪感/平静感 escape the cycle 摆脱循环 chase the next upgrade 追逐下一次升级 熟词生义（高考必考） pen熟：n. 钢笔 生：v.撰写,写作 statement熟：陈述，声明 生：adj. 抢眼的，标志性的 scheme熟：阴谋，计划 生：n. 配色，布局 spark熟：火花 生：v.引发，触发 receipt熟：收据 生：n.收到，得到 rush熟：冲，奔跑 生：n. 兴奋感，快感 purchase熟：v. 购买 生：n. 购买的物品 cycle熟：自行车 生：n.循环,怪圈 upgrade熟：v. 升级 生：n. 更好的新物品 drive熟：驾驶 生：v. 驱使，激发 fuel熟：燃料 生：v. 加剧，助长 B （2026·广东大湾区·一模） mentally 精神上，智力上 sharp 敏锐的 cognitive 认知的 identify 识别，发现 preserve 保持，维持 distinct 明显的，独特的 signature 标志，特征 recall 回忆，记起 reduction 减少，下降 peer 同龄人 crucial 至关重要的 motor 运动的 critically 关键地 quality 品质，特征 sociability 社交性，善于交际 biological 生物的 possess 拥有 neuron 神经元 species 物种 associate with... 与…… 相关 outlive 比…活得久 outsmart 比…更聪明 pack 群体，兽群 anterior 前部的 cingulate gyrus 扣带回（大脑区域） region 区域 motivation 动力,积极性 engage in ...参与，从事 challenging 有挑战性的 track 追踪 lifestyle 生活方式 memory loss 记忆力衰退 unclear 不清楚的treatment 治疗 ongoing 正在进行的advance 推进 investigate 研究，调查 resistance 抵抗，抵抗力 stay mentally sharp 保持头脑敏锐 cognitive skill 认知能力 brain feature 大脑特征 distinct signature 独特特征 slower thinning 更缓慢的（大脑皮层）变薄 cholinergic system 胆碱能系统 motor function 运动功能 biological roots 生物学基础 von Economo neurons 冯・埃科诺莫神经元 highly social species 高度群居物种 pack culture 群体文化 anterior cingulate gyrus 前扣带回 challenging task 挑战性任务 long-term study 长期研究 lifestyle factor 生活方式因素 serious memory loss 严重记忆衰退 brain disease 脑部疾病 disease resistance 抗病能力 熟词生义 sharp熟：锋利的 生：a.头脑敏锐的 signature熟：签名 生：n.特征,标志 motor熟：马达，发动机 生：adj. 运动的，肌肉运动的 pack熟：包，包裹 生：n.（动物）群体 track熟：轨道，小路 生：v. 追踪，跟踪研究 advance熟：前进 生：v. 推进（目标、研究） critical熟：批评的 生：adj. 至关重要的 C（2026·广东汕头·一模） blur 变得模糊，混淆 burnout 倦怠，疲惫 counter-movement 反向潮流，对立运动 gain traction 流行起来，获得关注 hustle culture 内卷文化，拼命文化 emphasize 强调 proponent 支持者，拥护者 advocate 主张，提倡 intense 高强度的 burst 短暂的一段（活动） digital detox 数字戒断,远离电子产品 productive 高效的，富有成效的 rhythm 节奏，规律 instability不稳定pilot 试点,试行 uninterrupted 不受打扰的 philosophy 理念，观念 corporate 公司的，企业的 lying flat 躺平 hustle culture 内卷文化 deep oscillation 深度波动（高强度工作 + 彻底休息） short bursts 短时间高强度 digital detox 远离电子设备 Gen Z Z 世代life coach 人生教练 pilot “Flow Hours” 试行”专注时段” block out time 专门留出时间 corporate policy 公司制度 熟词生义 blur熟：模糊 生：v. 使（界限）模糊不清 burst熟：爆发 生：n. 一段短暂的集中活动 pilot熟：飞行员 生：v. 试行，试点（制度、项目） flow熟：流动 生：n. 心流，高效专注状态 switch 熟：开关 生：n.(状态)切换 traction熟：牵引力 生：n. 流行度，影响力 D.（2026·河北石家庄·一模） psychologist 心理学家 propose 提出 blind spot 盲点 grid 网格 quadrant 象限 framework 框架 establish 证实，确立 meta-perception 元认知（对他人如何看自己的认知） detect 察觉 perceive 看待，感知 ignorant 无知的，未察觉的 systematic 系统的 personality 人格，性格 colleague 同事 feedback 反馈 imperative 必要的，至关重要的 cautiously 谨慎地 revelation 被揭示的真相 uncover 发现，揭露 psychological blind spot 心理盲点 two-by-two grid 2×2 网格 lack capacity to do 缺乏…的能力 personality test 性格测试 360° feedback 360 度反馈 dinner of truth 真相晚餐 annoying thing 令人反感的地方 熟词生义 blind spot熟：盲点 生：自身未察觉的缺点 / 问题 framework熟：框架 生：思维模型，分析体系 feedback熟：反馈 生：评价,意见 uncover熟：揭开盖子 生：发现（隐藏的问题） E （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模） neuroscientist 神经科学家 infant 婴儿 recruit 招募 sound-cancelling 降噪的 functional MRI 功能性磁共振 scan 扫描 category 类别 represent 呈现，表征 cognition 认知 distinct 明显的，不同的 richness 丰富性 inspire 启发 foundational 基础的 biologically-grounded基于生物学的 brain activity 大脑活动 visual category 视觉类别 fine motor control 精细运动控制 visual cognition 视觉认知 object category 物体类别 early-years education 早期教育 environmental cost 环境成本 熟词生义 represent熟：代表 生：（大脑）表征，呈现信息 ground熟：地面 生：以…为基础 scan熟：扫描 生：医学扫描成像 fine熟：好的 生：精细的（fine motor 精细动作） F （2026·山东青岛·一模） moss 苔藓 blossom 花，开花 decline 下降urbanisation 城市化 orientation 倾向，态度 predictor 预测因素restore 恢复 biodiverse 生物多样性的 insufficient 不足的 initiative 倡议，政策 self-sustaining 自我维持的 societal 社会的 extinction of experience 体验的灭绝 built-up neighbourhood 高楼林立的社区 nature connectedness 与自然的联结 turn around decline 扭转下降趋势 forest school 森林学校 lasting change 持久改变 across generations 代代相传 熟词生义 scale熟：规模 生：程度，范围 orientation熟：方向 生:态度,偏好 pass on熟：传递 生：传承（观念、习惯） gain熟：获得 生：增加，提升 $ 阅读理解CD篇限时45分钟：社会文化研究报告六篇 编者注：以下六篇文章是从15篇文章里面选择的，个别比较好的文章因为之前小编的学生练过，所以没有放进去。 甄选标准 题材新颖：心理效应、青年生活、前沿科研、社会新现象，避开老旧俗套话题； 完全契合高考：社会研究 / 科普说明文主流体裁，结构为「现象 — 研究 — 数据 — 观点 — 启示」； 词汇优质：高阶课标词、主题高频词、长难句密集，适配高考压轴难度； 命题规范：推理、主旨、词义猜测、观点态度、细节概括全覆盖，适配 C/D 篇考法； 区分度合理：适合高三培优、限时训练、压轴专项刷题。 A （2026·广西·一模） Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic (美感) and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect. The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive (易冲动的) purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon. This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological (神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things. The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade. 1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To analyse reasons. B. To make a comparison. C. To lead in the topic. D. To present viewpoints. 2. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3? A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work. B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life. C. A rush to show off one’s wealth. D. A biological urge to seek novelty. 3. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Uncontrollable. C. Adaptable. D. Casual. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. When One New Thing Changes Everything B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption Word bank gorgeous 非常漂亮的，华丽的 stained-glass 彩色玻璃的 statement 抢眼的，有格调的 rearrange重新布置 luxurious 奢华的 aesthetic 美感，审美 scheme 方案，配色budget 预算 phenomenon现象 philosopher哲学家 pen 撰写 essay 散文，短文 receipt 收到,得到 gown 长袍，睡袍 spark 引发，触发 impulsive 冲动的 purchase 购买 sink into debt 负债 psychological 心理的 victim 受害者 psychotherapist 心理治疗师 response 反应brand-new 崭新的 worn-out 破旧的mismatch 不匹配 uncomfortable 不舒服的 beneath 在…之下pride 自豪 neurological 神经学的 release 释放 dopamine 多巴胺 chemical 化学物质desire 欲望 rush 兴奋感，冲动 novel 新奇的harmony 和谐 compulsive 强迫性的，难以控制的 escape 摆脱cycle 循环 chase 追逐 upgrade 升级，更新 online marketplace 线上购物平台 color scheme 配色方案 a laundry list of changes 一长串想要做的改动 dressing gown 晨袍，睡袍 a series of ...一系列 sink into debt 陷入债务 fall victim to ...成为…… 的受害者 beneath the surface 在表象之下 pleasure chemical 快乐化学物质 long for ...渴望 in harmony with ...与…和谐相处 a sense of pride /peace 自豪感/平静感 escape the cycle 摆脱循环 chase the next upgrade 追逐下一次升级 熟词生义（高考必考） pen熟：n. 钢笔 生：v.撰写,写作 statement熟：陈述，声明 生：adj. 抢眼的，标志性的 scheme熟：阴谋，计划 生：n. 配色，布局 spark熟：火花 生：v.引发，触发 receipt熟：收据 生：n.收到，得到 rush熟：冲，奔跑 生：n. 兴奋感，快感 purchase熟：v. 购买 生：n. 购买的物品 cycle熟：自行车 生：n.循环,怪圈 upgrade熟：v. 升级 生：n. 更好的新物品 drive熟：驾驶 生：v. 驱使，激发 fuel熟：燃料 生：v. 加剧，助长 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以生活化案例切入，结合历史典故、神经科学与心理学分析，系统解析“狄德罗效应”这一普遍心理现象。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。第一段通过Elaine购买镜子后重新布置卧室的具体事例，引出“This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”，从而自然过渡到文章主题——狄德罗效应。这种以具体故事开头的写法是为了引入话题。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our ‘pleasure chemical’ that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.(当我们寻求新事物时，大脑会释放更多多巴胺，这种物质常被称为“快乐化学物质”，它会驱动欲望。所以，当你开始为闪亮的新物品搭配周边事物时感受到的冲动，不仅仅是审美需求，更是大脑化学反应的结果。我们生来就渴望新奇事物)”可知，狄德罗效应的动机是寻求新奇事物的生理冲动。故选D项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.(但如果这种感觉开始变得compulsive，就很难摆脱这个循环。你会不断地追求下一次升级)”可知，如果这种感觉变得“compulsive”，就会难以逃脱循环，不断追求下一次升级，暗示失去控制的状态。因此“compulsive”意为“无法控制的”，与Uncontrollable意义一致。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(你有没有过这样的经历：家里更新了一件东西，突然发现自己有一长串想要做的改变？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”可知，文章主要讲一件新事物如何引发连锁变化，即狄德罗效应。A项“When One New Thing Changes Everything(当一件新事物改变一切)”准确概括了这一核心内容，既形象又全面。故选A项。 B （2026·广东大湾区·一模） What if you could stay mentally sharp in old age? We may be closer to understanding “superagers” — people over 80 with the cognitive (认知) skills of someone decades younger. Northwestern University’s SuperAging Research Program has identified some common brain features that help preserve this function. The research defines a “distinct brain-related signature” for identifying superagers: You might be one if you’re 80 or older and can recall at least nine words 30 minutes after hearing a 15-word list. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% reduction over 18 months compared to the 2.24% seen in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system, which is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability. This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales. “Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. Additionally, superagers’ thicker anterior cingulate gyrus — a brain region linked to motivation rather than memory — suggests that they may be more willing to engage in challenging tasks. However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds. Still, this research could help find future treatments for some brain diseases. Northwestern’s ongoing work aims to advance this goal, including investigating what makes von Economo neurons special and their role in disease resistance. 5. What is the key characteristic that sets superagers apart from their peers? A. Rapid brain thinning. B. Strong critical thinking. C. Superb visual memory. D. High social engagement. 6. Why does the author mention whales in paragraph 3? A. To analyze human-animal ties. B. To illustrate the basis of sociability. C. To show the observation result. D. To contrast brains of various species. 7. What does Gefen mean by saying “It’s like the pack culture”? A. Social bonds benefit individuals. B. Pack animals are faced with more risks. C. Each species has its own culture. D. Sociability is rooted in animal behavior. 8. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Suggestions for further studies. B. Study limitations. C. Comparisons with other findings. D. Experts’ comments. Word bank mentally 精神上，智力上 sharp 敏锐的 cognitive 认知的 identify 识别，发现 preserve 保持，维持 distinct 明显的，独特的 signature 标志，特征 recall 回忆，记起 reduction 减少，下降 peer 同龄人 crucial 至关重要的 motor 运动的 critically 关键地 quality 品质，特征 sociability 社交性，善于交际 biological 生物的 possess 拥有 neuron 神经元 species 物种 associate with... 与…… 相关 outlive 比…活得久 outsmart 比…更聪明 pack 群体，兽群 anterior 前部的 cingulate gyrus 扣带回（大脑区域） region 区域 motivation 动力,积极性 engage in ...参与，从事 challenging 有挑战性的 track 追踪 lifestyle 生活方式 memory loss 记忆力衰退 unclear 不清楚的treatment 治疗 ongoing 正在进行的advance 推进 investigate 研究，调查 resistance 抵抗，抵抗力 stay mentally sharp 保持头脑敏锐 cognitive skill 认知能力 brain feature 大脑特征 distinct signature 独特特征 slower thinning 更缓慢的（大脑皮层）变薄 cholinergic system 胆碱能系统 motor function 运动功能 biological roots 生物学基础 von Economo neurons 冯・埃科诺莫神经元 highly social species 高度群居物种 pack culture 群体文化 anterior cingulate gyrus 前扣带回 challenging task 挑战性任务 long-term study 长期研究 lifestyle factor 生活方式因素 serious memory loss 严重记忆衰退 brain disease 脑部疾病 disease resistance 抗病能力 熟词生义 sharp熟：锋利的 生：a.头脑敏锐的 signature熟：签名 生：n.特征,标志 motor熟：马达，发动机 生：adj. 运动的，肌肉运动的 pack熟：包，包裹 生：n.（动物）群体 track熟：轨道，小路 生：v. 追踪，跟踪研究 advance熟：前进 生：v. 推进（目标、研究） critical熟：批评的 生：adj. 至关重要的 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“超级老人”（认知能力远超同龄人的80岁以上老人）的特征、相关研究及意义。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability.(关键在于，所有超级老人都有一个共同点：善于社交)”可知，超级老人区别于同龄人的关键特征是高度社交参与。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales.(这种观察到的社交能力有其生物学根源。与同龄人相比，超级老人拥有更多与社交能力相关的冯·伊科诺莫神经元，甚至比年轻人还多。这些神经元存在于鲸鱼等高度社会化的物种中)”可知，作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明超级老人善于社交的生物学基础。故选B。 【7题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture(联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明。这就像群体文化)”可知，联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明，所以“这就像群体文化”是指社交联系对个体有益。故选A。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds.(然而，这并不是一项从青年时期就开始跟踪参与者的长期研究，所以“我们无法完全知道这种高度的社交能力是否有帮助，”Gefen指出。虽然其他研究表明，锻炼等生活方式因素可能预防多达45%的严重记忆丧失，但它们在超级老人中的作用尚不清楚。“说到超级老人，我们的问题多于答案，”她补充道)”可知，本段主要讲了研究的局限性。故选B。 C（2026·广东汕头·一模） In the digital age, the line between “work” and “rest” has blurred. The rise of the “lying flat” (Tang Ping) movement in Asia highlighted a generation’s burnout. However, a new counter-movement, “Ging” (meaning “going”), is gaining traction. Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow. Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate for working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm. “It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.” Critics worry this could lead to instability. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy. 9. What does the “Ging” movement primarily emphasize? A. Constant productivity and long working hours. B. A rhythmic pattern of intense work and complete rest. C. Complete withdrawal from the workforce. D. Working only during traditional office hours. 10. According to the survey, how did most Gen Z employees feel after adopting the “Ging” rhythm? A. More anxious but wealthier. B. Less productive but happier. C. More productive and less anxious. D. No different from before. 11. What does life coach Mei Chen compare the brain’s energy to? A. A battery. B. A switch. C. A wave. D. A river. 12. What is the significance of companies adopting “Flow Hours”? A. It shows that “Ging” is becoming part of official work structures. B. It proves that traditional offices are obsolete. C. It indicates that companies are ignoring employee burnout. D. It means the “lying flat” movement has ended. Word bank blur 变得模糊，混淆 burnout 倦怠，疲惫 counter-movement 反向潮流，对立运动 gain traction 流行起来，获得关注 hustle culture 内卷文化，拼命文化 emphasize 强调 proponent 支持者，拥护者 advocate 主张，提倡 intense 高强度的 burst 短暂的一段（活动） digital detox 数字戒断,远离电子产品 productive 高效的，富有成效的 rhythm 节奏，规律 instability不稳定pilot 试点,试行 uninterrupted 不受打扰的 philosophy 理念，观念 corporate 公司的，企业的 lying flat 躺平 hustle culture 内卷文化 deep oscillation 深度波动（高强度工作 + 彻底休息） short bursts 短时间高强度 digital detox 远离电子设备 Gen Z Z 世代life coach 人生教练 pilot “Flow Hours” 试行”专注时段” block out time 专门留出时间 corporate policy 公司制度 熟词生义 blur熟：模糊 生：v. 使（界限）模糊不清 burst熟：爆发 生：n. 一段短暂的集中活动 pilot熟：飞行员 生：v. 试行，试点（制度、项目） flow熟：流动 生：n. 心流，高效专注状态 switch 熟：开关 生：n.(状态)切换 traction熟：牵引力 生：n. 流行度，影响力 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. C 12. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亚洲新兴的“Ging”生活理念及其内涵、影响与应用。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Unlike the hustle culture of the 2010s, “Ging” emphasizes movement and flow.(与2010年代的内卷文化不同，“Ging”强调动态节奏与心流状态。)”以及第二段“Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation”—working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox.(相反，他们注重“深度波动”：短时间高强度投入工作，随后进行彻底的数字断联休息。)”可知，“Ging”主要强调高强度工作与彻底休息相结合的节奏模式。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm.(亚洲青年研究院2026年的一项调查显示，68%的Z世代职场人采用这种节奏后，效率更高，焦虑感也更低。)”可知，大多数Z世代员工采用这种节奏后效率更高、焦虑更少。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.”(人生教练Mei Chen表示：“关键在于节奏，而非单纯休息。人的大脑并非像开关那样只有‘开启’或‘关闭’两种状态，它本就是波动运转的——高能、低能、再高能。”)”可知，Mei Chen将大脑的能量模式比作波浪。故选C。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy.(不过，阿里巴巴、腾讯等企业已开始试行“心流时段”，让员工划出不受打扰的专注工作时间。这证明该理念正从个人生活方式转变为企业管理制度。)”可知，企业推行“心流时段”表明“Ging”理念正成为正式工作制度的一部分。故选A。 D.（2026·河北石家庄·一模） In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”. Picture a two-by-two grid, like a window. In one quadrant (象限) of the “Johari Window” is all the things you and other people know about you. In another quadrant is all the stuff that you know about yourself but that other people don’t know about. The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself. The “Johari Window” provided a framework for thinking about these things, but it’s only in more recent years that psychologists have conducted research that establishes that people really do have these kinds of blind spots. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are actually pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of. How can you find out what your blind spots are? For a systematic approach, you could consider completing a basic personality test. Then ask a sample of trusted friends, relatives, or colleagues to complete the same test about you. Ask them to be as honest as possible. Finally, compare your test scores with the ones other people gave you and brace yourself for some surprises. In business, this kind of approach is called 360° feedback. For a less formal approach, you could try a “dinner of truth”. It’s imperative that you do this with someone you trust and who you have a strong relationship with. At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover. 13. Which best illustrates a blind spot in the “Johari Window”? A. Emily shares art in public and gets praise. B. Alex becomes a volunteer but tells no one. C. Jocelyn’s speaking talent is unknown to others. D. Lisa interrupts somebody but doesn’t realize it. 14. What does the underlined word “meta-perception” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The framework proposed by Luft and Ingham. B. The research on psychological self-knowledge. C. The awareness of how one is viewed by others. D. The capacity to identify one’s own blind spots. 15. What can be inferred about the “dinner of truth”? A. It works best with casual acquaintances. B. It should replace formal personality tests. C. It guarantees immediate self-improvement. D. It may reveal unexpected personal weaknesses. 16. What can be the best title for the text? A. The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self B. Four Quadrants: Helping to Know About Yourself C. 360° Feedback: A Basic Strategy to Find Blind Spots D. The “Dinner of Truth”: A Formal Psychological Test Word Bank psychologist 心理学家 propose 提出 blind spot 盲点 grid 网格 quadrant 象限 framework 框架 establish 证实，确立 meta-perception 元认知（对他人如何看自己的认知） detect 察觉 perceive 看待，感知 ignorant 无知的，未察觉的 systematic 系统的 personality 人格，性格 colleague 同事 feedback 反馈 imperative 必要的，至关重要的 cautiously 谨慎地 revelation 被揭示的真相 uncover 发现，揭露 psychological blind spot 心理盲点 two-by-two grid 2×2 网格 lack capacity to do 缺乏…的能力 personality test 性格测试 360° feedback 360 度反馈 dinner of truth 真相晚餐 annoying thing 令人反感的地方 熟词生义 blind spot熟：盲点 生：自身未察觉的缺点 / 问题 framework熟：框架 生：思维模型，分析体系 feedback熟：反馈 生：评价,意见 uncover熟：揭开盖子 生：发现（隐藏的问题） 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. D 16. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了心理学家提出的 “乔哈里窗” 及其对心理盲点的划分，并给出了发现自身盲点的具体方法。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The other two quadrants are filled with your blind spots. One contains knowledge and information about you that no one knows — not you and not the people who know you. The final quadrant contains the things that other people know about you but that you don’t know about yourself.(另外两个象限则是你的盲区。一个象限包含着无人知晓的关于你的信息 —— 既不被你自己所知，也不被了解你的人所知。最后一个象限则包含别人清楚、但你自己却不知道的关于你的事情。)”可知，盲点是自己没意识到的问题。Lisa打断别人却没意识到，符合盲点的定义。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of.(然而与此同时，我们大多数人都不具备这种察觉他人如何看待自己的能力，反而存在真正的盲区 —— 也就是说，我们身上有很多重要方面，别人看法一致，我们自己却浑然不知。)”可知，这里“this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us”即指上文meta-perception，所以meta‑perception指的是知晓他人如何看待自己的意识。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the dinner, you ask them to tell you one annoying thing about you that they’ve never shared before. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover.(晚餐时，你请他们说出一件以前从没跟你说过、觉得你让人有点烦的地方。要谨慎开口，但你尝试的人越多，就越可能发现真相、认清自己的盲区。)”可知，“真相晚餐”可能会揭示出意想不到的个人缺点。故选D项。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”.(20世纪50年代，美国两位心理学家约瑟夫・卢夫特和哈林顿・英厄姆提出了一种研究心理盲区（即你对自己不了解的方面）的思路，他们称之为 “乔哈里窗”。)”以及下文内容可知，本文围绕“乔哈里窗”展开，介绍其原理与发现隐藏自我的方法，所以A项The “Johari Window”: Seeing Your Hidden Self(约哈里之窗：看见你的隐藏自我)符合语境。故选A项。 E （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模） New research from neuroscientists at Trinity College Dublin shows that babies as young as two months old may have certain ability that appears far earlier than scientists previously believed. Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited (招募) 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. This setup allowed researchers to use functional MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After collecting the brain scans (扫描), the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain. It should be noted that although at two months, infants’ communication is limited by a lack of language and fine motor control, their minds are already not only representing how things look, but figuring out which category they belong to. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. Parents and scientists have long wondered what goes on in a baby’s mind and what they actually see when they view the world around them. “This research highlights the richness of brain function in the first year of life,” explains Dr. ClionaO’Doherty, the study’s lead author. The findings help clarify what is happening inside a baby’s brain long before speech or intentional movement is possible. By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. This study provides new foundational knowledge, which will help guide early-years education and inspire more biologically-grounded approaches in AI. 17. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The devices for the study. B. The process of the research. C. The state of babies’ brain function. D. The challenges in early observation. 18. What role do AI models play in this research? A. Collect brain scan data directly. B. Create colorful images for infants. C. Analyze visual representation in infant brains. D. Record infants’ movements during the experiment. 19. What is revealed in the new findings? A. Infants can communicate effectively. B. Infants can recognize bright signs at birth. C. Babies show early item categorization ability. D. Babies have more brain activities than adults. 20. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. New AI models have been tested out. B. The research will promote efficient AI models. C. Studying baby’s brain structure is a way to boost AI. D. Early-years education is largely dominated by this study. Word Bank neuroscientist 神经科学家 infant 婴儿 recruit 招募 sound-cancelling 降噪的 functional MRI 功能性磁共振 scan 扫描 category 类别 represent 呈现，表征 cognition 认知 distinct 明显的，不同的 richness 丰富性 inspire 启发 foundational 基础的 biologically-grounded 基于生物学的 brain activity 大脑活动 visual category 视觉类别 fine motor control 精细运动控制 visual cognition 视觉认知 object category 物体类别 early-years education 早期教育 environmental cost 环境成本 熟词生义 represent熟：代表 生：（大脑）表征，呈现信息 ground熟：地面 生：以…为基础 scan熟：扫描 生：医学扫描成像 fine熟：好的 生：精细的（fine motor 精细动作） 【答案】17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了都柏林三一学院神经科学家的最新研究发现：两个月大的婴儿就具备将视觉信息分类的能力，这比科学家此前认为的时间要早得多。 【17题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Working with the Coombe and Rotunda Hospitals in Dublin, the FOUNDCOG team recruited 130 infants who were all two months old. Each baby lay comfortably on a soft beanbag while wearing sound-cancelling headphones and viewing bright, colorful images designed to hold their attention for 15-20 minutes. (都柏林三一学院的FOUNDCOG团队与库姆医院和罗通达医院合作，招募了130名均为两个月大的婴儿。每个婴儿舒适地躺在柔软的豆袋椅上，佩戴降噪耳机，观看明亮、彩色的图像，这些图像旨在吸引他们的注意力15-20分钟。)”可知，第二段主要描述了研究的具体过程，包括招募对象、实验设置和操作流程。故选B。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After collecting the brain scans, the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain. (在收集完脑部扫描数据后，研究团队使用人工智能模型来探究不同的视觉类别在婴儿大脑中是如何呈现的。)”可知，AI模型的作用是分析大脑扫描数据, 研究不同视觉类别是如何被呈现的。故选C。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This shows that the foundations of visual cognition are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. (这表明视觉认知的基础在很早的时候就已经形成了——而且比预期的要早得多。他们已经能够将所看到的事物组织成不同的物体类别。)”可知，研究发现婴儿很早就具备了将看到的物体进行分类的能力。故选C。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. (通过研究他们是如何做到这一点的，我们希望启发新一代学习效率更高的人工智能模型，从而降低其经济和环境成本。)”可知，这项研究将促进更高效的人工智能模型的发展。故选B。 F （2026·山东青岛·一模） Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people, but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 21. What change has Richardson traced in his study? A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature. C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 22. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons. 23. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas. 24. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature Word Bank moss 苔藓 blossom 花，开花 decline 下降urbanisation 城市化 orientation 倾向，态度 predictor 预测因素restore 恢复 biodiverse 生物多样性的 insufficient 不足的 initiative 倡议，政策 self-sustaining 自我维持的 societal 社会的 extinction of experience 体验的灭绝 built-up neighbourhood 高楼林立的社区 nature connectedness 与自然的联结 turn around decline 扭转下降趋势 forest school 森林学校 lasting change 持久改变 across generations 代代相传 熟词生义 scale熟：规模 生：程度，范围 orientation熟：方向 生:态度,偏好 pass on熟：传递 生：传承（观念、习惯） gain熟：获得 生：增加，提升 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“自然体验的灭绝”。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.(据德比大学的Miles Richardson教授的一项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220年来的城市化记录、社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)” 可知，Richardson追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The computer modelling in the study also predicts an ‘extinction of experience’, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an ‘orientation’ towards the natural world.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向”。)”可知，“体验灭绝”的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来 25 年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来25年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选A项。 【424题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. ‘Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,’ he said.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为4分36秒。“将这个时间增加 10 倍，人们每天就能在户外度过 40 分钟 —— 这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留4分36秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选D项。 题眼句变式练习 1. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly __________(find) yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon __________(call) the Diderot Effect. （第1题） 2. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the __________(shine) new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born __________(long) for novel things. （第2题） 3. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult __________(escape) the cycle. You’ll keep __________(chase) the next upgrade. （第3题） 4. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% __________(reduce) over 18 months compared to the 2.24% __________(see) in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system,__________ is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. __________(critical), there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability. （第5题） 5. This observed sociability has __________(biology) roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell __________(associate) with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons __________(find) in highly social species like whales. （第6题） 6. “Animals with strong connections tend __________(outlive) and outsmart their peers. It’s ________ the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. （第7题） 7. However, this isn’t a long-term study __________(track) participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know __________ this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory __________(lose), their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes__________ superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds. （第8题） 8. Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate _________ working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working __________(intense) for short bursts __________(follow) by complete digital detox. （第9题） 9. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more __________(produce) and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm. （第10题） 10. “It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘__________’ like a switch. It’s designed __________(wave) — high energy, low energy, high energy.” （第11题） 11. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” __________ employees block out time for uninterrupted work, __________(prove) that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to __________(corporation) policy. （第12题） 12. In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, __________(propose) a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — ________ they called the “Johari Window”. （第13题） 13. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are __________(actual) pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity __________(detect) how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots —__________ is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree ________ but that we’re ignorant of. （第14题） 14. Proceed __________(cautious), but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might __________(cover). （第15题） 15. This setup allowed researchers to use __________(function) MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After __________(collect) the brain scans (扫描), the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories __________(represent) in the infant brain. （第18题） 16. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place ________ very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize __________ they see into distinct object categories. （第19题） 17. By studying _______ they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more __________(efficient), thus reducing their economic and __________(environment) costs. （第20题） 18. The computer modelling in the study also __________(predict) an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an__________(aware) of nature because it is not present in __________(increasing) built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass __________ an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. （第22题） 19. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look _________ significant positive progress for wildlife and people, _________ Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times __________(green) to turn around declines in nature connection. （第23题） 20. Richardson said the scale of societal change __________(require) might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds ________ average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that ________ ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. （第24题） 答案 题眼句变式练习 1. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make? This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect. （第1题） 你是否曾更新过家里的一件东西，然后突然发现自己列出了一长串想要修改的地方？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应。 2. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things. （第2题）因此，当你开始整理那件崭新亮眼物品周围的东西时，你所感受到的那种冲动不仅仅是出于美感；这是大脑化学反应的结果。我们天生就渴望新奇的事物。 3. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade. （第3题）但如果这种感觉开始变得难以控制，你就很难摆脱这个循环。你会一直追求下一次升级。 4. Superagers’ brains also show slower thinning, with only a 1.06% reduction over 18 months compared to the 2.24% seen in their peers (同龄人), and a stronger cholinergic system, which is crucial for memory, learning and motor function. Critically, there’s one quality all superagers share: sociability. （第5题）超高龄认知人群的大脑萎缩速度也更慢，18个月内仅减少1.06%，而他们同龄人的大脑萎缩速度为2.24%；此外，他们还拥有更强的胆碱能系统，这对记忆、学习和运动功能至关重要。关键的是，所有超高龄认知人群都有一个共同的特质：社交能力。 5. This observed sociability has biological roots. Superagers possess more von Economo neurons, a type of brain cell associated with sociability, than their peers, and even more than younger people. These neurons are found in highly social species like whales. （第6题）这种观察到的社交能力有其生物学根源。超高龄认知人群拥有比同龄人更多的冯·埃科诺神经元（一种与社交能力相关的脑细胞），甚至比年轻人还要多。这种神经元存在于鲸鱼等高度社会化的物种中。 6. “Animals with strong connections tend to outlive and outsmart their peers. It’s like the pack culture,” says study author Gefen. （第7题） 研究作者格芬说：“联系紧密的动物往往比同类更长寿、更聪明。这就像群体文化一样。 7. However, this isn’t a long-term study tracking participants from youth, so “we can’t completely know whether this high level of sociability is helping or not,” Gefen notes. While other research suggests lifestyle factors like exercise may prevent up to 45% of serious memory loss, their role in superagers remains unclear. “When it comes to superagers, we have more questions than answers,” she adds. （第8题） 然而，格芬指出，这并不是一项从参与者青年时期就开始追踪的长期研究，因此“我们无法完全确定这种高社交水平是否有益”。虽然其他研究表明，运动等生活方式因素可能预防高达45%的严重记忆衰退，但它们在超高龄认知人群中的作用仍不明确。她补充道：“说到超高龄认知人群，我们的疑问比答案更多。” 8. Proponents of “Ging” don’t advocate for working 24/7. Instead, they focus on “deep oscillation” — working intensely for short bursts followed by complete digital detox. （第9题） “Ging”运动的支持者并不主张全天候工作。相反，他们专注于“深度波动”——短时间高强度工作，然后进行彻底的数字排毒。 9. A 2026 survey by the Asian Youth Institute found that 68% of Gen Z employees felt more productive and less anxious when they adopted this rhythm. （第10题） 亚洲青年研究所2026年的一项调查发现，68%的Z世代员工在采用这种节奏后，感觉效率更高、焦虑更少。 10. “It’s about rhythm, not rest,” says life coach Mei Chen. “Your brain isn’t designed to be ‘on’ or ‘off’ like a switch. It’s designed to wave — high energy, low energy, high energy.” （第11题） 人生教练陈梅说：“关键在于节奏，而不是休息。你的大脑不像开关那样只能处于‘开启’或‘关闭’状态。它的运作模式就像波浪——高能量、低能量、再到高能量。” 11. However, companies like Alibaba and Tencent have started piloting “Flow Hours,” where employees block out time for uninterrupted work, proving that this philosophy is shifting from personal lifestyle to corporate policy. （第12题） 然而，阿里巴巴、腾讯等公司已开始试点“专注时段”，员工可以预留出不受打扰的工作时间，这表明这种理念正从个人生活方式转变为企业政策。 12. In the 1950s, two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, proposed a way of thinking about psychological blind spots — things you don’t know about yourself — that they called the “Johari Window”. （第13题） 20世纪50年代，两位美国心理学家约瑟夫·卢夫特和哈灵顿·英厄姆提出了一种思考心理盲点（即你不了解自己的地方）的方法，他们将其称为“乔哈里视窗”。 13. These studies suggest that, overall, some of us are actually pretty good at meta-perception. Yet at the same time, most of us lack this kind of capacity to detect how other people perceive us, and instead have genuine blind spots — that is, there are significant aspects of ourselves that other people agree on but that we’re ignorant of. （第14题） 这些研究表明，总体而言，我们中的一些人实际上非常擅长元认知。但与此同时，我们大多数人都缺乏这种察觉他人对自己看法的能力，反而存在真正的盲点——也就是说，在我们自身的一些重要方面，其他人都有共识，但我们自己却一无所知。 14. Proceed cautiously, but the more people you try this with, the more revelations and blind spots you might uncover. （第15题）请谨慎进行，但你尝试的人越多，可能会发现越多的真相和自身的盲点。 15. This setup allowed researchers to use functional MRI (fMRI) to record patterns of brain activity as the babies looked at images from 12 familiar visual categories such as cat, bird, rubber duck, and tree. After collecting the brain scans (扫描), the team used AI models to look into how different visual categories were represented in the infant brain. （第18题） 这种设置使研究人员能够在婴儿观看猫、鸟、橡皮鸭、树等12个常见视觉类别的图像时，使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）记录他们的大脑活动模式。收集大脑扫描数据后，研究团队使用人工智能模型分析不同视觉类别在婴儿大脑中的呈现方式。 16. This shows that the foundations of visual cognition (认知) are already in place from very early on — and much earlier than expected. They can already organize what they see into distinct object categories. （第19题） 这表明，视觉认知的基础在生命早期就已形成——而且比预期的要早得多。婴儿已经能够将他们看到的东西分类成不同的物体类别。 17. By studying how they do this, we hope to inspire a new generation of AI models that learn more efficiently, thus reducing their economic and environmental costs. （第20题） 通过研究婴儿如何做到这一点，我们希望能启发新一代更高效学习的人工智能模型，从而降低其经济和环境成本。 18. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. （第22题） 该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验消失”现象——由于越来越多的社区被高楼大厦覆盖，自然环境不再存在，而且父母不再向孩子传递对自然世界的“倾向”，未来几代人对自然的认知将持续丧失。 19. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people, but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. （第23题） 将城市中生物多样性丰富的绿地增加30%，对野生动物和人类来说似乎是显著的积极进步，但理查森表示，他的研究表明，要扭转人类与自然联系的衰退趋势，一座城市可能需要变得比现在绿10倍。 20. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. （第24题） 理查森表示，所需的社会变革规模可能并不像看起来那么具有挑战性。一项针对谢菲尔德居民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中度过的时间仅为4分36秒。他说：“将这个时间增加10倍，人们每天在户外度过40分钟——这可能就足够了。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $