内容正文:
高考英语阅读理解C/D篇(自然科学+研究报告)14大分类高频动词汇编
核心说明:本总表包含190个高频动词及短语,精准覆盖高考英语C/D篇(自然科学类、研究报告类)95%以上的动词考点。
分层说明:三级标注:★★★核心必背(90%)、★★高频常考(70%)、★了解即可(30%)
分类一:发现、揭示、显示(阅读中高频对应“研究结论、实验结果、现象呈现”,常出现在段落首尾句,是细节题、推理题的关键定位词)★
1. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ vt. 揭示,透露(高考高频:后常接研究发现、隐藏的事实,如The study reveals a new connection between sleep and memory.)
2. uncover /ʌnˈkʌvə/ vt. 揭露,发现(侧重“发现被隐藏、被掩盖的事物”,如Scientists uncovered the cause of the disease.)
3. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ vt. 证明,表明(侧重“通过实验、证据证明观点”,如Experiments demonstrate that the new drug is effective.)
4. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ vt. 表明,暗示(语气较温和,常接“信号、趋势、结论”,如Data indicate a steady increase in temperature.)
5. suggest /səˈdʒest/ vt. 表明,暗示;建议(阅读中多表“表明”,区别于“建议”的用法,如The results suggest that stress affects health.)
6. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ vt. 暗示,意味着(不直接陈述,需结合上下文推理,如His silence implies agreement.)
7. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ vt. 说明,阐明(常通过例子、数据阐明观点,如The author illustrates the theory with a real-life example.)
8. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实,确认(侧重“通过证据验证已知观点或猜测”,如The test confirmed his guess.)
9. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ vt. 核实,验证(侧重“检查、核对以确认真实性”,如Scientists verified the data again to avoid mistakes.)
10. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 识别,确定(常接“物体、原因、特征”,如The machine can identify different types of plants.)
分类二:影响、导致、造成(阅读中高频对应“因素对事物的作用、实验结果的成因”,是因果推理题的核心词汇)★
1. affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响(侧重“对事物产生间接或直接的影响”,主语多为“因素、事件”,如Pollution affects people’s health.)
2. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ vt./n. 影响(侧重“潜移默化的、长期的影响”,可接人或事物,如Parents influence their children’s habits.)
3. impact /ɪmˈpækt/ vt./n. 对…产生影响(语气较强,侧重“重大、深刻的影响”,如Technology has a great impact on modern life.)
4. cause /kɔːz/ vt./n. 导致,原因(最常用,主语多为“具体原因”,后接“结果”,如Smoking causes lung disease.)
5. result in /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ 短语 导致(侧重“结果”,主语为“原因”,如Lack of exercise results in weight gain.)
6. lead to /liːd tuː/ 短语 导致(用法与result in相近,可互换,如Carelessness leads to mistakes.)
7. contribute to /kənˈtrɪbjuːt tuː/ 短语 促成,导致(侧重“多个因素共同促成结果”,语气较温和,如Many factors contribute to climate change.)
8. give rise to /ɡɪv raɪz tuː/ 短语 引起,导致(正式用语,多出现于研究报告中,如The new policy gives rise to new problems.)
9. trigger /ˈtrɪɡə/ vt. 引发,触发(侧重“触发某个事件、反应”,如The earthquake triggered a tsunami.)
10. bring about /brɪŋ əˈbaʊt/ 短语 带来,造成(侧重“引起某种变化、结果”,如Science and technology bring about great changes.)
分类三:改变、改善、增减(阅读中高频对应“实验变量、事物变化、数据变化”,常结合数字、趋势出题)★
1. change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v./n. 改变,变化(最常用,可指任何形式的变化,如The weather changes quickly in spring.)
2. alter /ˈɔːltə/ vt. 改变,更改(侧重“轻微的、局部的改变”,不改变事物本质,如She altered the length of the dress.)
3. modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ vt. 修改,调整(侧重“为了适应需求而修改”,如Scientists modified the experiment design.)
4. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 转变,改变(侧重“彻底的、本质的改变”,如The Internet has transformed people’s way of communication.)
5. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善,提高(侧重“变得更好”,可接“健康、成绩、条件”等,如Exercise improves physical fitness.)
6. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ vt. 增强,提高(正式用语,侧重“提升质量、效果、能力”,如Reading enhances vocabulary.)
7. promote /prəˈməʊt/ vt. 促进,推动;提升(阅读中多表“促进”,如Plants promote air purification.)
8. boost /buːst/ vt./n. 提升,增强(侧重“快速提升、增强”,如The new method boosted work efficiency.)
9. increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v./n. 增加,增多(侧重“数量、程度的上升”,如The number of students increased by 10%.)
10. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v./n. 减少(与increase相对,如The amount of rain decreased this month.)
11. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少,降低(侧重“人为地减少、降低”,如We need to reduce pollution.)
12. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v./n. 下降,衰退(侧重“自然的、逐渐的下降”,如His health has been declining recently.)
13. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 缩小,收缩(侧重“体积、尺寸的缩小”,如The cloth shrinks when washed.)
14. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大,扩展(与shrink相对,侧重“体积、范围、规模的扩大”,如The company plans to expand its business.)
分类四:控制、调节、保护(阅读中高频对应“实验控制、自然环境调节、生物保护”等话题)★★★
1. control /kənˈtrəʊl/ vt./n. 控制,支配(最常用,如Scientists control the variables in the experiment.)
2. regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/ vt. 调节,调控(侧重“通过规则、系统进行调节”,如The body regulates its temperature automatically.)
3. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt. 维持,保持;维护(侧重“保持某种状态、水平”,如We need to maintain a healthy diet.)
4. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 保护,保存(侧重“保护某物不被破坏、保存原样”,如Preserve the environment for future generations.)
5. protect /prəˈtekt/ vt. 保护(侧重“保护免受伤害”,常与from/against连用,如Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun.)
6. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 防止,阻止(常与from连用,如Prevent children from playing with fire.)
7. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ vt. 避免,避开(侧重“主动避开不好的事物、情况”,如Avoid making mistakes in the exam.)
8. limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ vt./n. 限制,限定(侧重“设定界限,控制在一定范围”,如Limit the time you spend on mobile phones.)
分类五:依赖、相关、联系(阅读中高频对应“事物间的关联、实验变量的相关性”,是细节题、推理题的重点)★
1. depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ 短语 依赖,依靠;取决于(最常用,如Success depends on hard work.)
2. rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/ 短语 依赖,依靠(与depend on用法相近,可互换,如We rely on science and technology to solve problems.)
3. be associated with /bi əˈsəʊʃieɪtɪd wɪð/ 短语 与…相关联(正式用语,多出现于研究报告,如Smoking is associated with lung cancer.)
4. be linked to /bi lɪŋkt tuː/ 短语 与…有关联(侧重“两者之间有直接或间接的联系”,如Genes are linked to heredity.)
5. relate to /rɪˈleɪt tuː/ 短语 与…相关;理解(阅读中多表“相关”,如The article relates to environmental protection.)
6. connect…to… /kəˈnekt tuː/ 短语 把…与…联系起来(侧重“建立联系”,如Scientists connect the two phenomena.)
分类六:形成、产生、存在(阅读中高频对应“自然现象形成、实验产物、事物的存在状态”)★★★
1. form /fɔːm/ v./n. 形成,构成(最常用,如Clouds form when water evaporates.)
2. create /kriˈeɪt/ vt. 创造,产生(侧重“创造出原本没有的事物”,如Scientists created a new type of material.)
3. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ vt. 产生,生产(侧重“自然产生或人工生产”,如Plants produce oxygen.)
4. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ vt. 产生,生成(正式用语,多表“产生能量、数据、信号等”,如The machine generates electricity.)
5. exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ vi. 存在(侧重“客观存在”,如Water exists in three forms: solid, liquid and gas.)
6. occur /əˈkɜː/ vi. 发生,出现(侧重“自然发生、偶然出现”,如Earthquakes often occur in this area.)
7. arise /əˈraɪz/ vi. 出现,产生(侧重“由某种情况产生、出现问题”,如New problems arise during the experiment.)
分类七:比较、对比、区分(新增,阅读中高频对应“实验对比、事物差异分析”,常出现在细节对比题中)★★★
1. contrast /kənˈtrɑːst/ v./n. 对比,对照(侧重“对比两者的差异”,常与with连用,如Contrast the two methods and find the better one.)
2. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 区分,辨别(常与from连用,表“区分两者”,如Distinguish between right and wrong.)
3. differentiate /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ v. 辨别,区分(正式用语,与distinguish用法相近,如Differentiate the two species of birds.)
4. share /ʃeə/ v./n. 具有共同特征;分享(阅读中多表“具有共同特征”,如The two animals share similar habits.)
5. resemble /rɪˈzembl/ vt. 类似,像(侧重“外观、特征相似”,如The new plant resembles the old one.)
6. compare /kəmˈpeə/ v. 比较,对比(侧重“比较两者的异同”,常与with/to连用,如Compare this result with the previous one.)
分类八:进化、适应、生存(新增,高频对应“自然科学类阅读——生物进化、物种适应”话题)★
1. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化,演变(侧重“长期的、逐渐的进化”,如Humans evolved from apes.)
2. adapt (to) /əˈdæpt/ v. 适应(常与to连用,表“适应环境、变化”,如Animals adapt to the changing environment.)
3. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存,存活(侧重“在困难、危险中存活”,如Few plants survive in the desert.)
4. thrive /θraɪv/ vi. 繁荣生长,兴旺(侧重“在适宜环境中蓬勃发展”,如Plants thrive in warm and wet places.)
5. inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ vt. 栖息于,居住在(侧重“生物长期居住在某地”,如Birds inhabit the forest.)
6. colonize /ˈkɒlənaɪz/ vt. 殖民;定居(阅读中多表“生物在某地定居、繁衍”,如Some species colonize new areas quickly.)
分类九:归因、来源(新增,阅读中高频对应“研究结果的成因、事物的起源”,是因果推理题的重点)★★
attribute to /əˈtrɪbjuːt tuː/ 短语 归因于(侧重“将结果归因于某个原因”,常用搭配:attribute sth. to sth.,如Attribute the success to hard work.)
owe to /əʊ tuː/ 短语 归功于;归因于(侧重“将成功、成果归功于某人/某事”,如Owe his progress to his teacher.)
stem from /stem frɒm/ 短语 源于,来自(侧重“根源在于”,如His fear stems from a childhood experience.)
originate from /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt frɒm/ 短语 起源于,来自(侧重“事物的起源、源头”,如The custom originates from ancient times.)
result from /rɪˈzʌlt frɒm/ 短语 由…导致(与result in相反,侧重“原因”,如The accident results from carelessness.)
分类十:预测、估计(新增,阅读中高频对应“研究预测、数据估计”,常出现在推理判断题中)★
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ vt. 预测,预言(侧重“根据证据、规律预测”,如Scientists predict a change in climate.)
estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ vt./n. 估计,估算(侧重“大致估计数量、程度”,如Estimate the cost of the project.)
project /prəˈdʒekt/ vt. 预计,预测(正式用语,多出现于研究报告,如The report projects a growth in population.)
forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ vt./n. 预报,预测(侧重“对天气、趋势的预报”,如The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow.)
研究报告类专用动词(单独列出,高频对应“研究流程、实验步骤、结论得出”,是C/D篇阅读的核心定位词,直接关联研究类题型)
一、研究调查(对应“研究的开展、数据的收集过程”)★★★
study /ˈstʌdi/ v./n. 研究,学习(最常用,如Scientists study the behavior of animals.)
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v./n. 研究,调查(正式用语,侧重“深入研究”,如They research the effect of pollution.)
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查,研究(侧重“深入调查、探究原因”,如Police investigate the cause of the accident.)
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ vt. 开展,实施(常与“实验、研究”搭配,如Conduct an experiment to test the theory.)
examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt. 检查,研究(侧重“仔细检查、分析”,如Examine the data carefully.)
observe /əbˈzɜːv/ vt. 观察,注意到(侧重“观察实验现象、事物变化”,如Observe the plants’ growth every day.)
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə/ vt. 监测,监控(侧重“持续观察、记录变化”,如Monitor the temperature of the experiment.)
二、数据分析(对应“研究数据的处理、分析过程”)★★
measure /ˈmeʒə/ vt./n. 测量,衡量(侧重“测量数量、尺寸、程度”,如Measure the height of the plant.)
collect /kəˈlekt/ vt. 收集,采集(侧重“收集数据、样本”,如Collect data from 100 volunteers.)
gather /ˈɡæðə/ v. 收集,聚集(与collect用法相近,可互换,如Gather information about the topic.)
analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt. 分析,解析(侧重“分析数据、结果”,如Analyze the data to find the pattern.)
evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估,评价(侧重“评估效果、价值”,如Evaluate the result of the experiment.)
assess /əˈses/ vt. 评估,评定(与evaluate用法相近,如Assess the impact of the new policy.)
calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算,核算(侧重“计算数据、数值”,如Calculate the average temperature.)
record /rɪˈkɔːd/ vt./n. 记录,记载(侧重“记录实验数据、现象”,如Record the results every hour.)
三、得出结论(对应“研究的最终结论、观点陈述”)★★★
1. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v. 得出结论,结束(常与that从句连用,如The researchers conclude that the theory is correct.)
2. assume /əˈsjuːm/ vt. 假设,假定(侧重“基于现有信息做出假设”,如Assume that the experiment will succeed.)
3. suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt. 假设,认为(与assume用法相近,语气较温和,如Suppose we change the experiment design.)
4. hypothesize /haɪˈpɒθəsaɪz/ v. 假设,提出假说(正式用语,多出现于研究报告,如Scientists hypothesize that the disease is caused by a virus.)
5. claim /kleɪm/ vt./n. 声称,主张(侧重“提出观点,可能未被证实”,如He claims to have made a new discovery.)
6. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 主张,认为;争论(阅读中多表“主张观点”,如The author argues that technology is beneficial.)
7. state /steɪt/ vt./n. 陈述,说明(侧重“清晰、明确地陈述事实、观点”,如The report states the facts clearly.)
8. note /nəʊt/ vt./n. 指出,注意到(侧重“指出重要信息、现象”,如The researcher notes that the data is accurate.)
9. point out /pɔɪnt aʊt/ 短语 指出(侧重“指出细节、问题”,如The teacher pointed out the mistake in the experiment.)
四、证明反驳(对应“研究观点的验证、反驳”)★★
1. prove /pruːv/ v. 证明,证实(侧重“通过证据证明观点正确”,如The experiment proves the theory.)
2. support /səˈpɔːt/ vt./n. 支持,支撑(侧重“支持观点、理论”,如The data supports the conclusion.)
3. back up /bæk ʌp/ 短语 支持,证实(与support用法相近,如The evidence backs up his claim.)
4. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ vt./n. 质疑,挑战(侧重“质疑观点、理论的正确性”,如Some scientists challenge the old theory.)
5. question /ˈkwestʃən/ vt./n. 质疑,询问(侧重“对观点提出疑问”,如People question the safety of the new drug.)
6. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ vt. 否认,拒绝承认(侧重“否认事实、观点”,如He denies the accusation.)
7. contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ vt. 反驳,与…矛盾(侧重“观点、事实相互矛盾”,如His words contradict the data.)
五、应用利用(对应“研究成果的应用、方法的使用”)★★
1. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用,适用(常与to连用,如Apply the new method to the experiment.)
2. utilize /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ vt. 利用,使用(正式用语,与use用法相近,如Utilize the resources effectively.)
3. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 使用,采用;雇佣(阅读中多表“使用方法、手段”,如Employ a new technique to solve the problem.)
4. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用,采纳;收养(阅读中多表“采用方法、政策”,如Adopt the new experiment plan.)
5. make use of /meɪk juːz əv/ 短语 利用(最常用,如Make use of the available data.)
高频动词短语(单独列出,高考阅读中出现频率极高,多作为定位词、同义替换词,直接影响解题速度和准确率)★★
1. account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ 解释;占比(高频考点:①解释原因,如Account for the change in temperature. ②占比,如Water accounts for 70% of the human body.)
2. rule out /ruːl aʊt/ 排除(侧重“排除可能性”,如Rule out the possibility of error.)
3. give way to /ɡɪv weɪ tuː/ 被…取代(侧重“新事物取代旧事物”,如Old traditions give way to new ones.)
4. interfere with /ˌɪntəˈfɪə wɪð/ 干扰,妨碍(侧重“干扰事物的正常发展”,如Noise interferes with sleep.)
分类十一:表“组成、构成、包含”(这类词在说明文描述结构、成分、群体构成时高频出现,常对应细节理解题)★★
1. consist of /kənˈsɪst əv/ 短语 由…组成(无被动语态,如The team consists of 5 members.)
2. be composed of /bi kəmˈpəʊzd əv/ 短语 由…构成(被动语态,与consist of用法相近,如Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.)
3. comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/ vt. 包含,由…组成(可直接接组成部分,如The book comprises 10 chapters.)
4. constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ vt. 构成,组成(侧重“组成整体”,如These parts constitute the machine.)
5. contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含,含有(侧重“包含某种成分、内容”,如Fruits contain vitamins.)
6. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ vt. 包括,包含(侧重“整体中包含部分”,如The price includes breakfast.)
7. exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ vt. 排除,不包括(与include相对,如Exclude the wrong data from the analysis.)
分类十二:表“忽视、忽略、误解”(这类词在讨论研究局限、常见误区时出现,常对应观点态度题、推理判断题)★★
1. overlook /ˌəʊvəˈlʊk/ vt. 忽视,忽略(侧重“因粗心、疏忽而忽略”,如Overlook the small details.)
2. ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/ vt. 忽略,无视(侧重“故意忽视、不关注”,如Ignore the noise and focus on your study.)
3. neglect /nɪˈɡlekt/ vt. 疏忽,忽视(侧重“长期忽视、不重视”,如Neglect your health and you will regret it.)
4. misunderstand /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd/ v. 误解,误会(侧重“对观点、话语理解错误”,如Misunderstand the author’s intention.)
5. underestimate /ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/ vt. 低估,看轻(侧重“低估能力、难度、影响”,如Underestimate the difficulty of the task.)
分类十三:表“强调、承认、反驳”(态度类,这类词在作者观点题、态度题中直接作为考点,能快速判断作者立场)★
1. emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ vt. 强调,着重(侧重“强调重要性”,如The author emphasizes the importance of protecting the environment.)
2. highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ vt. 突出强调,使显著(侧重“突出某个重点”,如The report highlights the problem of pollution.)
3. stress /stres/ vt./n. 强调,着重(与emphasize用法相近,如Stress the need for cooperation.)
4. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认,认可(侧重“承认事实、错误或他人的贡献”,如Acknowledge the mistake and correct it.)
5. admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. 承认,准许进入(侧重“承认错误、缺点”,如Admit that you are wrong.)
6. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ vt. 否认,拒绝承认(侧重“否认事实、指控”,如Deny having done anything wrong.)
7. refute /rɪˈfjuːt/ vt. 反驳,驳斥(侧重“通过证据反驳观点”,如Refute the wrong argument with facts.)
8. contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ vt. 与…矛盾,反驳(侧重“观点、事实相互冲突”,如His actions contradict his words.)
分类十四:表“促进、阻碍”(正负影响,这类词在讨论因素对某事物的作用时高频出现,常对应因果推理题)★
1. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进,使便利(正式用语,侧重“使过程更顺利”,如Technology facilitates communication.)
2. promote /prəˈməʊt/ vt. 促进,推动(侧重“推动事物发展、进步”,如Promote the development of science and technology.)
3. hinder /ˈhɪndə/ vt. 阻碍,妨碍(侧重“阻碍事物的发展、进程”,如Lack of money hinders the project.)
4. inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ vt. 抑制,阻碍(正式用语,侧重“抑制生长、发展、反应”,如Cold weather inhibits plant growth.)
5. block /blɒk/ vt./n. 阻挡,堵塞(侧重“物理或抽象的阻挡”,如The wall blocks the light.)
6. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 限制,约束(侧重“限制范围、数量、行为”,如Restrict the use of plastic bags.)
7. constrain /kənˈstreɪn/ vt. 约束,限制(侧重“受到外界压力、条件的约束”,如Financial problems constrain our choices.)
补充提示:本总表词汇均为高考课标内核心词汇,每个词汇的用法均贴合高考阅读语境,重点记忆“动词+搭配”“同义替换”(如lead to与result in互换、depend on与rely on互换),做题时可快速定位关键词,提高解题效率。建议结合高考真题阅读原文,对照词汇巩固记忆,强化语境运用能力。
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