Unit 5 Good manners 阅读理解10篇（单元话题：良好礼仪）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“良好礼仪”主题，通过基础与重难语篇分层训练，系统构建跨文化礼仪知识网络，提升语言理解与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|多语篇（如二手礼物、餐具语言等）|细节理解为主，稳拿基础分|从个人经历到具体礼仪规范，构建基础认知| |重难语篇练习|2语篇（语言误解、跨文化礼仪）|推理判断、主旨大意，突破高分|跨文化对比与综合应用，深化思维品质|

Unit 5 Good manners 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 良好礼仪 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 I moved from Colombia to the Netherlands years ago. My first birthday there was a big surprise. My friends gave me beautifully wrapped (包装) presents. But when I opened them, I was surprised: almost everything was second-hand—books, clothes, and even shoes. I knew second-hand shopping was popular here, but I didn’t know people gave second-hand presents too. At first, I felt a little sad. I thought, “Don’t they care about me? Why didn’t they buy me something new?” In the country where I grew up, people did not give second-hand presents. It was not common (常见) . I would feel sorry to give a used gift. It might seem not polite. But later, I learned that giving second-hand gifts is very normal in my new home. I started to understand that what matters most is the thought behind the gift. My friends spent time thinking about what I might like. They searched hard to find the perfect gift for me. Buying something new online is easy. Finding a good second-hand gift takes more time and effort. Now, I have come to enjoy this way of giving and receiving gifts. And I’m teaching my daughter to do the same. When we shop for presents, I tell her to think about what the other person really needs or enjoys. We have fun looking in second-hand shops and finding special things we could never find in usual stores. 1．What did the writer think of second-hand presents at the beginning? A．Popular. B．Impolite. C．Normal. D．Creative. 2．Why did the writer’s friends give her second-hand presents? A．Because they didn’t have enough money. B．Because they wanted to save shopping time. C．Because they chose something she might like. D．Because they thought new gifts weren’t special. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．It’s the thought that matters. B．Parents are the best teachers. C．Follow what the locals do. D．Old things are better than new ones. The language of tableware I have been a restaurant critic (评论家) for five years and diners often complain,“Ihate when waiters ask,’Are you still working?’ I’m not working. I’m eating, and please stop interrupting (使中断) my dinner. ” The problem is that both diners and waiters don’t know a simple way of showing that you have finished the meal: place the fork and knife together, parallel (平行的) to each other, at the bottom right of the plate. When a diner hasn’t finished the meal, he should put the tableware in a crossed position perpendicular to (垂直于) each other, over the plate. That is it, and it works for dining out or eating at home— if a guest’s tableware is in the crossed position, a host knows that he would like more food. The rules mentioned above are simple, non-verbal (非言语的) and traditional. Sadly, they have been lost over the years, but I believe they are in serious need of reviving (复兴). If everyone, including diners,relearned the rules, we could save a lot of time and avoid being angry. Dining manners are unspoken language that moves a meal smoothly along so people can fully enjoy food and conversation without interruption. Knowing just a few rules and teaching them to your children will improve mealtimes greatly. 1．Which of the pictures shows that the diner has finished the meal? A． B． C． D． 2．A diner placed his tableware in the crossed position. He might mean“________”. A．I’m full B．I don’t like the dishes C．Please take my tableware away D．I’m waiting for the next dish 3．How does the writer feel about the loss (遗失) of tableware rules? A．Sad. B．Worried. C．Happy. D．Surprised. 4．Which of the following is NOT the writer’s reason for relearning table rules? A．They improve the quality of mealtimes. B．They are important part of dining culture. C．They help save a lot of trouble. D．They free diners from being interrupted. Table manners are an important part of every culture. Different countries have different table manners, and knowing them can help you avoid making mistakes when you have dinner abroad. In China, table manners have a long history. People usually sit around a round table, and the elders sit at the most important seat. It’s polite to let the elders start eating first. When you have dinner with Chinese friends, the host will often put food on your plate. This is a way to show their hospitality. You don’t need to refuse it politely, or the host will feel unhappy. It’s also polite to say how delicious the food is. In the UK, table manners are very formal. You should hold the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right hand. You should not start eating until the host starts. It’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food. When you finish eating, you should put the fork and knife together on the plate. It’s common to leave a 10%—15% tip for the waiter after the meal. In Japan, it’s polite to say “itadakimasu” (which means “I receive this food with thanks”) before you start eating, and “gochisosama deshita” (which means “thank you for the meal”) after you finish. You should hold the rice bowl in your hand when you eat. It’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into the rice, because it looks like the food used in funerals. You should not pass food from your chopsticks to another person’s chopsticks, either. In Mexico, people are very relaxed about table manners. It’s common to talk a lot during the meal, and the meal can last for 2 or 3 hours. You should not eat until the host says “buen provecho” (which means “enjoy your meal”). It’s polite to leave a little food on your plate to show that you have had enough. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of table manners in China. B．Different table manners in different countries. C．How to be a polite host in different countries. D．How to give tips in foreign restaurants. 2．What does the underlined word “hospitality” mean? A．Unkind behavior. B．Good sense of humor. C．Warm welcome to guests. D．Careful attitude. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In China, you should refuse the food the host puts on your plate. B．In the UK, you should hold the fork in your right hand and the knife in your left hand. C．In Japan, it’s polite to stick your chopsticks into the rice. D．In Mexico, the meal can last for 2 or 3 hours. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To help us avoid making mistakes in table manners abroad. B．To tell us the importance of having dinner with foreigners. C．To ask us to learn about foreign cultures. D．To show us the most formal table manners in the world. Good manners are not just for people. More and more people are starting to talk about “etiquette” for their pets, especially dogs. Pet etiquette means the good manners that pets should have in public places, and it also means the responsibilities that pet owners should take. In many cities in China, there are more and more pet dogs. They are people’s good friends, but sometimes they can also bring problems. For example, some pet owners let their dogs run freely in the park, and the dogs may scare or even hurt other people. Some owners don’t clean up their dogs’ poo on the road, which makes the environment dirty. Some dogs bark loudly at night, which disturbs the neighbours’ sleep. To solve these problems, many cities have made rules about pet keeping. For example, in Suzhou, pet owners must take their dogs to get vaccinated regularly. When they take their dogs out, they must use a leash that is no longer than 1.5 meters. They must clean up their dogs’ poo immediately. They can’t take their dogs into schools, hospitals, museums, cinemas, restaurants or other public places. They can’t take their dogs on the bus or the subway, either. But following the rules is not enough. Pet owners should also teach their dogs good manners. For example, dogs should not bark at strangers, jump on people, or run freely in public places. Owners should socialize their dogs when they are young, so that they can get along well with people and other dogs. Pet etiquette is not just for the pets. It’s also a way for the owners to show their respect for other people. When you take your pet out, you should always think about others. Don’t let your pet disturb or hurt other people. Keep your pet under control, and clean up after them. This is not only good manners, but also your responsibility as a pet owner. Good pet manners can make the community a better place for everyone, both pet owners and non-pet owners. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to keep a pet dog at home. B．Pet etiquette and the responsibilities of pet owners. C．The rules about pet keeping in Suzhou. D．How to teach dogs good manners. 2．What does the underlined word “leash” mean? A．Pet cage B．Pet collar C．Dog lead D．Dog muzzle 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Suzhou, you can take your dog into the restaurant. B．In Suzhou, pet owners don’t need to clean up their dogs’ poo. C．Pet owners should teach their dogs good manners. D．Dogs can run freely in the park if they are friendly. 4．What’s the writer’s opinion about pet etiquette? A．Pet etiquette is only for pets. B．Pet etiquette is a way to show respect for others. C．It’s not necessary to follow the pet rules. D．Pet etiquette can bring more problems to the community. “Can I have a glass of hot water?” This is a very common question in a restaurant. For many Chinese people, nothing is more common than drinking hot water every day. But this habit is like a mystery to people from other countries. For many Westerners, the idea of drinking hot water is very strange. But most Chinese people think the Americans’ habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy. Chinese doctors are asking more people to take on the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women. But in Western countries, drinking hot water isn’t common. Westerners often have drinks with ice, not just on hot days but almost every day. There is a story about an Englishman, who worked in Beijing for over five years. He visited a café when going back to England. He asked for a glass of hot water in a British accent (口音). But this requirement (要求) made the waitress surprised, “To…to…drink?” she asked. At last, the man got the hot water but felt cold stares (凝视) from every corner of the café. Westerners want to know why Chinese drink hot water as Chinese want to know why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not an easy problem, but related to (与……有关联) history, culture and science. Many young people now drink bottled water every day. With the young people growing up, will drinking hot water become a less popular life habit? Who knows? 1．What do Chinese think of drinking icy water from the passage? A．Common and healthy. B．Strange but healthy. C．Common but unhealthy. D．Strange and unhealthy. 2．The underlined part in the fourth paragraph means other people in the café ________. A．were angry at the man’s requirement B．followed the example of the man C．thought the man’s requirement was strange D．were interested in the man’s requirement 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Drinking hot water is very good for health B．Drinking cold water is very harmful to health C．Different drinking habits are probably related to different cultures D．More and more people will take a tea kettle for daily drinking 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Healthy Life Habits B．Different Drinking Habits C．How to Drink Water D．Drinking Hot Water in China China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners. Different countries have different ways to be polite. In Japan, people usually bow to each other when they meet. The bow is not just a quick nod. The more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. When you give a gift to a Japanese friend, you should use both hands. It is also polite to take off your shoes before you go into a Japanese family’s house. In Germany, people are very serious about being on time. If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock. Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite. When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate. This shows that you enjoy the meal very much. In Brazil, people are very friendly. They often greet each other with a big hug, even for people they just meet. When you talk with a Brazilian, you should stand close to them. It is not polite to keep a long distance between you and them. All in all, learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip in other countries. Just remember the old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 1．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to travel to different countries. B．Different manners in different countries. C．The famous saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. D．How to give gifts to foreign friends. 2．What does the underlined word “exactly” mean? A．Without any mistake B．More or less C．Ahead of time D．Behind time 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Japan, you should use one hand to give a gift. B．In Germany, being 5 minutes late for a meeting is polite. C．In Brazil, people greet each other with a handshake. D．In Germany, finishing all the food on your plate is polite. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to be polite in our daily life. B．To ask us to travel to different countries. C．To help us know about local manners when travelling. D．To show us the importance of learning English. Do you sometimes feel left alone? Teenagers need to feel like they are members of a group. Just having to eat alone in the dining hall is enough to make them feel worried. They are afraid of being called a “loner”. But being a loner doesn’t always mean being strange or disliked. In fact, it has become a lifestyle in many countries among young people who think about being alone to be a part of everyday life. In South Korea, there are a growing number of people who describe themselves as “honjok”. These people eat alone, travel alone and enjoy being by themselves. In Japan, people have had a strong loner culture over the years. There are solo (单人的) cafes and solo KTVs. The restaurants for solo diners are especially popular. There are boards between two seats in a line against the wall. Diners can’t see the faces of other people. Knowing that you are not the only loner may make you feel better. But more importantly, you can try to find strength in your aloneness. Aloneness gives you time to look inside yourself or do other things with full attention. “It’s hard to feel lonely when you’re trying to learn a new skill, practice a hobby or try out a new diet,” wrote US lifestyle writer Adrienne Breaux. 1．Why don’t some teenagers want to be alone? A．Because eating alone is bad for their health. B．Because they are worried about being called a “loner”. C．Because making friends can make them feel different. D．Because they may not feel safe when staying alone. 2．What does the underlined word “honjok” mean in South Korea? A．A group of people being alone. B．Solo cafes and solo KTVs. C．People who are afraid of being alone. D．Teenagers who like practicing hobbies together. 3．What does the writer mention South Korea and Japan for? A．To explain being a loner has become a lifestyle in many countries. B．To show teenagers are afraid of being called a “loner”. C．To explain being a loner sometimes means being strange or disliked. D．To show aloneness is good for us in some ways. 4．Aloneness can help us ________. ①take a look at ourselves ②devote ourselves to doing things ③know we are the only loner ④try to become strong A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the bad points of being alone B．show real loners in different countries C．introduce Asian cultures among youth D．help people look at aloneness in a good way 重难语篇练习 When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation. I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories. “We didn’t stay at ‘bed and breakfast’ houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.” I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought “VACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spanish word for “holidays” is “vacaciones”. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said “VACANCIES”, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said “NO VACANCIES”, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels! We also laughed about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word “DIVERSION” means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word “DIVERSION” on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole. This amusing experience made us realize how language differences can sometimes lead to unexpected misunderstandings. Although my friends ran into a few challenges during their trip, these moments turned into unforgettable memories. Through this, they not only experienced British culture but also gained a deeper appreciation for the importance of learning languages. Perhaps next time they visit England, they’ll face signs and directions with more confidence and have a true “DIVERSION”! 1．The underlined word “accommodation” means________ A．fancy restaurants B．gift shops C．places to stay D．views to see 2．What made the writer’s friends stay at hotels at last? A．The writer told them to do so. B．They misunderstood the signs outside the door. C．They would be able to practise their English. D．People there were away on holiday. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．A road sign that says “DIVERSION” in England means you will have fun there. B．The writer’s friends were trapped in a big hole because of the road sign “DIVERSION”. C．When British people are away on holiday, they put up a sign saying “NO VACANCIES”. D．Spanish friends thought “VACANCIES” meant the house was not available to stay in. 4．The underlined word “this” in Para.5 refers to________ A．the trip B．the memories C．the misunderstandings D．the culture 5．Which of the following is the best title for this article? A．The Challenges of Travelling in England B．The Importance of Understanding Road Signs C．How to Find Accommodation in England D．Funny Language Mistakes While Traveling Many people love traveling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world. ①________ Most travelers enjoy meeting new people, but sometimes you can be rude without saying anything. In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway, and if you’re traveling in Thailand, never touch people’s heads or point your feet at people. When the Japanese meet new people, they like giving business cards—but you should read the card carefully, not just put it in your pocket (口袋). ②________ In most countries in Europe people expect a lot of eye contact (眼神交流) when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, it’s rude to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish before you start speaking. ③________ In restaurants in China you can leave a bit of food on your plate, it’s OK to start smoking before other people finish eating, which you mustn’t do in the UK. When in India, remember to eat with your right hand. Also avoid leaving empty bottles on the dinner table in Russia—that’s bad luck. ④________ When you’re traveling in Asia, if someone invites you to his or her home, don’t forget to take off your shoes when you arrive. And if you visit an Arab family’s home, don’t admire anything valuable because your host will feel he should give it to you as a present. With so much to think about, it’s not surprising that many people prefer going on holiday in their own countries, or you might just decide to stay at home! But anyway, wherever you go, please remember, you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives ’life. 1．What is the theme of the passage? A．Friends. B．Customs. C．Sports. D．Feelings. 2．Match the title with each paragraph. a. Face-to-face communication b. Visiting a family c. Meeting new friends d. Shaking hands e. Table manners A．①—e, ②—a, ③—c, ④—b B．①—c, ②—a, ③—e, ④—b C．①—c, ②—d, ③—a, ④—b D．①—e, ②—d, ③—a, ④—c 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．We can admire anything valuable in an Arab family’s home. B．In China, people can’t smoke before other people finish eating. C．In the USA, people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk. D．In Russia, it’s impolite to shake hands with people in a doorway. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 良好礼仪 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 I moved from Colombia to the Netherlands years ago. My first birthday there was a big surprise. My friends gave me beautifully wrapped (包装) presents. But when I opened them, I was surprised: almost everything was second-hand—books, clothes, and even shoes. I knew second-hand shopping was popular here, but I didn’t know people gave second-hand presents too. At first, I felt a little sad. I thought, “Don’t they care about me? Why didn’t they buy me something new?” In the country where I grew up, people did not give second-hand presents. It was not common (常见) . I would feel sorry to give a used gift. It might seem not polite. But later, I learned that giving second-hand gifts is very normal in my new home. I started to understand that what matters most is the thought behind the gift. My friends spent time thinking about what I might like. They searched hard to find the perfect gift for me. Buying something new online is easy. Finding a good second-hand gift takes more time and effort. Now, I have come to enjoy this way of giving and receiving gifts. And I’m teaching my daughter to do the same. When we shop for presents, I tell her to think about what the other person really needs or enjoys. We have fun looking in second-hand shops and finding special things we could never find in usual stores. 1．What did the writer think of second-hand presents at the beginning? A．Popular. B．Impolite. C．Normal. D．Creative. 2．Why did the writer’s friends give her second-hand presents? A．Because they didn’t have enough money. B．Because they wanted to save shopping time. C．Because they chose something she might like. D．Because they thought new gifts weren’t special. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．It’s the thought that matters. B．Parents are the best teachers. C．Follow what the locals do. D．Old things are better than new ones. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要讲述作者移居荷兰后，生日收到二手礼物，起初不解难过，后来明白当地习俗，懂得送礼重在心意，也慢慢接受并践行这种方式。 1．文中第三段提到“In the country where I grew up, people did not give second-hand presents... I would feel sorry to give a used gift. It might seem not polite.”，说明作者一开始认为送二手礼物不礼貌。 2．文中第四段提到“My friends spent time thinking about what I might like. They searched hard to find the perfect gift for me.”，说明朋友们送二手礼物是因为花时间思考了作者的喜好，努力寻找适合她的礼物。 3．文中第四段明确提到“I started to understand that what matters most is the thought behind the gift.”，点明了文章主旨：礼物背后的心意才是最重要的。 The language of tableware I have been a restaurant critic (评论家) for five years and diners often complain,“Ihate when waiters ask,’Are you still working?’ I’m not working. I’m eating, and please stop interrupting (使中断) my dinner. ” The problem is that both diners and waiters don’t know a simple way of showing that you have finished the meal: place the fork and knife together, parallel (平行的) to each other, at the bottom right of the plate. When a diner hasn’t finished the meal, he should put the tableware in a crossed position perpendicular to (垂直于) each other, over the plate. That is it, and it works for dining out or eating at home— if a guest’s tableware is in the crossed position, a host knows that he would like more food. The rules mentioned above are simple, non-verbal (非言语的) and traditional. Sadly, they have been lost over the years, but I believe they are in serious need of reviving (复兴). If everyone, including diners,relearned the rules, we could save a lot of time and avoid being angry. Dining manners are unspoken language that moves a meal smoothly along so people can fully enjoy food and conversation without interruption. Knowing just a few rules and teaching them to your children will improve mealtimes greatly. 1．Which of the pictures shows that the diner has finished the meal? A． B． C． D． 2．A diner placed his tableware in the crossed position. He might mean“________”. A．I’m full B．I don’t like the dishes C．Please take my tableware away D．I’m waiting for the next dish 3．How does the writer feel about the loss (遗失) of tableware rules? A．Sad. B．Worried. C．Happy. D．Surprised. 4．Which of the following is NOT the writer’s reason for relearning table rules? A．They improve the quality of mealtimes. B．They are important part of dining culture. C．They help save a lot of trouble. D．They free diners from being interrupted. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了各种餐桌礼仪 以及餐桌礼仪的好处。 1．根据“showing that you have finished the meal: place the fork and knife together, parallel to each other, at the bottom right of the plate.”可知，将叉子和刀子放在一起，彼此平行，放在盘子的右下角是表示用餐结束。 2．根据“if a guest’s tableware is in the crossed position, a host knows that he would like more food.”可知，如果客人的餐具处于交叉位置，主人就知道他想要更多的食物。 3．根据“Sadly, they have been lost over the years,”可知，餐桌礼仪的遗失是让人伤心的。 4．根据“Knowing just a few rules...will improve mealtimes greatly,”可知，它们提高了用餐的质量。根据“we could save a lot of time and avoid being angry”可知，他们帮助节省时间，还避免了矛盾。根据“people can fully enjoy food and conversation without interruption”可知，它们使食客免于被打扰。只有第二个没有提到。 Table manners are an important part of every culture. Different countries have different table manners, and knowing them can help you avoid making mistakes when you have dinner abroad. In China, table manners have a long history. People usually sit around a round table, and the elders sit at the most important seat. It’s polite to let the elders start eating first. When you have dinner with Chinese friends, the host will often put food on your plate. This is a way to show their hospitality. You don’t need to refuse it politely, or the host will feel unhappy. It’s also polite to say how delicious the food is. In the UK, table manners are very formal. You should hold the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right hand. You should not start eating until the host starts. It’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food. When you finish eating, you should put the fork and knife together on the plate. It’s common to leave a 10%—15% tip for the waiter after the meal. In Japan, it’s polite to say “itadakimasu” (which means “I receive this food with thanks”) before you start eating, and “gochisosama deshita” (which means “thank you for the meal”) after you finish. You should hold the rice bowl in your hand when you eat. It’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into the rice, because it looks like the food used in funerals. You should not pass food from your chopsticks to another person’s chopsticks, either. In Mexico, people are very relaxed about table manners. It’s common to talk a lot during the meal, and the meal can last for 2 or 3 hours. You should not eat until the host says “buen provecho” (which means “enjoy your meal”). It’s polite to leave a little food on your plate to show that you have had enough. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of table manners in China. B．Different table manners in different countries. C．How to be a polite host in different countries. D．How to give tips in foreign restaurants. 2．What does the underlined word “hospitality” mean? A．Unkind behavior. B．Good sense of humor. C．Warm welcome to guests. D．Careful attitude. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In China, you should refuse the food the host puts on your plate. B．In the UK, you should hold the fork in your right hand and the knife in your left hand. C．In Japan, it’s polite to stick your chopsticks into the rice. D．In Mexico, the meal can last for 2 or 3 hours. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To help us avoid making mistakes in table manners abroad. B．To tell us the importance of having dinner with foreigners. C．To ask us to learn about foreign cultures. D．To show us the most formal table manners in the world. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家有不同的餐桌礼仪，并分别介绍了中国、英国、日本、墨西哥四个国家的餐桌礼仪。 1．第一段提到“Different countries have different table manners”，后文分别介绍了中国、英国、日本、墨西哥四个国家的餐桌礼仪，所以主旨是不同国家有不同的餐桌礼仪。 2．第二段提到“When you have dinner with Chinese friends, the host will often put food on your plate. This is a way to show their hospitality”，在中国聚餐时，主人会给客人夹菜，这种行为是为了向客人表达自己的热情好客，所以 hospitality的意思是“好客，热情款待”，对应C选项“对客人的热情欢迎”。 3．最后一段提到“It’s common to talk a lot during the meal, and the meal can last for 2 or 3 hours”，说明在墨西哥，一顿饭通常会持续2到3个小时。 4．第一段最后点明“knowing them can help you avoid making mistakes when you have dinner abroad”，明确说明了解这些餐桌礼仪能帮你避免在国外吃饭时犯错，这就是作者的写作目的。 Good manners are not just for people. More and more people are starting to talk about “etiquette” for their pets, especially dogs. Pet etiquette means the good manners that pets should have in public places, and it also means the responsibilities that pet owners should take. In many cities in China, there are more and more pet dogs. They are people’s good friends, but sometimes they can also bring problems. For example, some pet owners let their dogs run freely in the park, and the dogs may scare or even hurt other people. Some owners don’t clean up their dogs’ poo on the road, which makes the environment dirty. Some dogs bark loudly at night, which disturbs the neighbours’ sleep. To solve these problems, many cities have made rules about pet keeping. For example, in Suzhou, pet owners must take their dogs to get vaccinated regularly. When they take their dogs out, they must use a leash that is no longer than 1.5 meters. They must clean up their dogs’ poo immediately. They can’t take their dogs into schools, hospitals, museums, cinemas, restaurants or other public places. They can’t take their dogs on the bus or the subway, either. But following the rules is not enough. Pet owners should also teach their dogs good manners. For example, dogs should not bark at strangers, jump on people, or run freely in public places. Owners should socialize their dogs when they are young, so that they can get along well with people and other dogs. Pet etiquette is not just for the pets. It’s also a way for the owners to show their respect for other people. When you take your pet out, you should always think about others. Don’t let your pet disturb or hurt other people. Keep your pet under control, and clean up after them. This is not only good manners, but also your responsibility as a pet owner. Good pet manners can make the community a better place for everyone, both pet owners and non-pet owners. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to keep a pet dog at home. B．Pet etiquette and the responsibilities of pet owners. C．The rules about pet keeping in Suzhou. D．How to teach dogs good manners. 2．What does the underlined word “leash” mean? A．Pet cage B．Pet collar C．Dog lead D．Dog muzzle 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Suzhou, you can take your dog into the restaurant. B．In Suzhou, pet owners don’t need to clean up their dogs’ poo. C．Pet owners should teach their dogs good manners. D．Dogs can run freely in the park if they are friendly. 4．What’s the writer’s opinion about pet etiquette? A．Pet etiquette is only for pets. B．Pet etiquette is a way to show respect for others. C．It’s not necessary to follow the pet rules. D．Pet etiquette can bring more problems to the community. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文围绕宠物（尤其是狗狗）礼仪展开说明，宠物礼仪不仅是对宠物的要求，更是主人尊重他人的体现，呼吁主人出门时约束宠物、清理宠物排泄物，共同营造良好的公共环境。 1．文章开篇提出宠物礼仪的概念，接着阐述宠物带来的问题、各地的养宠规则，还强调宠物主人要教导宠物良好举止以及宠物礼仪对主人的意义等，核心围绕宠物礼仪和宠物主人的责任展开。B选项“宠物礼仪和宠物主人的责任”全面概括了文章主旨。 2．根据文中第三段提到“When they take their dogs out, they must use a leash that is no longer than 1.5 meters.”（当他们带狗出去时，必须使用不超过1.5米长的……）以及养宠常识可知，带狗出去时用的是牵引绳。C选项“狗牵引绳”正确。 3．文中第四段提到“Pet owners should also teach their dogs good manners.”，C正确。 4．根据文中第五段提到“Pet etiquette is not just for the pets. It’s also a way for the owners to show their respect for other people.”可知，作者认为宠物礼仪是主人向他人表示尊重的一种方式，答案选B。 “Can I have a glass of hot water?” This is a very common question in a restaurant. For many Chinese people, nothing is more common than drinking hot water every day. But this habit is like a mystery to people from other countries. For many Westerners, the idea of drinking hot water is very strange. But most Chinese people think the Americans’ habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy. Chinese doctors are asking more people to take on the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women. But in Western countries, drinking hot water isn’t common. Westerners often have drinks with ice, not just on hot days but almost every day. There is a story about an Englishman, who worked in Beijing for over five years. He visited a café when going back to England. He asked for a glass of hot water in a British accent (口音). But this requirement (要求) made the waitress surprised, “To…to…drink?” she asked. At last, the man got the hot water but felt cold stares (凝视) from every corner of the café. Westerners want to know why Chinese drink hot water as Chinese want to know why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not an easy problem, but related to (与……有关联) history, culture and science. Many young people now drink bottled water every day. With the young people growing up, will drinking hot water become a less popular life habit? Who knows? 1．What do Chinese think of drinking icy water from the passage? A．Common and healthy. B．Strange but healthy. C．Common but unhealthy. D．Strange and unhealthy. 2．The underlined part in the fourth paragraph means other people in the café ________. A．were angry at the man’s requirement B．followed the example of the man C．thought the man’s requirement was strange D．were interested in the man’s requirement 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Drinking hot water is very good for health B．Drinking cold water is very harmful to health C．Different drinking habits are probably related to different cultures D．More and more people will take a tea kettle for daily drinking 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Healthy Life Habits B．Different Drinking Habits C．How to Drink Water D．Drinking Hot Water in China 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文围绕中西方不同的饮水习惯展开，介绍了中国人喝热水、西方人常喝冰水的差异，还提及这种习惯差异与文化等因素相关。 1．文章第2段提到“most Chinese people think the Americans' habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy”，可知中国人认为喝冰水既奇怪又不健康。 2．第4段提到服务员对男士要热水的要求感到惊讶，结合“cold stares（凝视）”的语境，可推断咖啡馆里其他人觉得男士的要求很奇怪。 3．文章第5段提到“This cultural difference is not an easy problem, but related to history, culture and science”，可推断不同的饮水习惯可能与不同文化有关。 4．全文核心是对比中西方“喝热水”和“喝冰水”的不同饮水习惯，“Different Drinking Habits”最能概括主旨。 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人热情好客的待客习俗与礼仪文化。 1．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality.”，可以猜测其他家庭成员正在厨房准备的“feast”和后文的“a rich meal”意思对应，也就是大餐、盛宴，与B选项表达一致。 2．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat...”，可知中国主人准备比客人能吃完的更多的食物，是为了表达热情好客，与A选项表达一致。 3．根据第3段“What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists in Western dining culture.”，可知用餐时最让西方客人惊讶的是主人给客人夹菜。 4．根据全文内容可知，文章围绕中国人的待客礼仪展开，从奉茶、备餐到用餐细节，体现了中国人的热情好客与待客习俗，与C选项表达一致。 When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners. Different countries have different ways to be polite. In Japan, people usually bow to each other when they meet. The bow is not just a quick nod. The more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. When you give a gift to a Japanese friend, you should use both hands. It is also polite to take off your shoes before you go into a Japanese family’s house. In Germany, people are very serious about being on time. If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock. Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite. When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate. This shows that you enjoy the meal very much. In Brazil, people are very friendly. They often greet each other with a big hug, even for people they just meet. When you talk with a Brazilian, you should stand close to them. It is not polite to keep a long distance between you and them. All in all, learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip in other countries. Just remember the old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 1．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to travel to different countries. B．Different manners in different countries. C．The famous saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. D．How to give gifts to foreign friends. 2．What does the underlined word “exactly” mean? A．Without any mistake B．More or less C．Ahead of time D．Behind time 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Japan, you should use one hand to give a gift. B．In Germany, being 5 minutes late for a meeting is polite. C．In Brazil, people greet each other with a handshake. D．In Germany, finishing all the food on your plate is polite. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to be polite in our daily life. B．To ask us to travel to different countries. C．To help us know about local manners when travelling. D．To show us the importance of learning English. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本、德国和巴西三个国家不同的社交礼仪。文章分别讲述了日本的鞠躬与送礼习惯、德国的守时与餐桌礼仪以及巴西的热情问候方式，旨在告诉读者了解当地礼仪对旅行的重要性。 1．第一段开宗明义指出：“Different countries have different ways to be polite.”，随后文章分别列举了日本、德国和巴西的具体礼仪，这直接说明文章的主旨是关于不同国家的不同礼仪。 2．第三段提到：“If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock.”。结合后文“Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite”可知，这里强调的是时间上的精准，不能有误，因此“exactly”意为“精确地、无误地”。 3．第三段明确指出：“When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate.”（当你在餐馆吃饭时，把盘子里的食物吃光是礼貌的），这与选项D“在德国，把盘子里的食物吃光是礼貌的”相符。 4．第一段指出：“When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners.”，且最后一段总结：“learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip”，这说明作者写这篇文章的目的是为了帮助我们在旅行时了解当地礼仪。 Do you sometimes feel left alone? Teenagers need to feel like they are members of a group. Just having to eat alone in the dining hall is enough to make them feel worried. They are afraid of being called a “loner”. But being a loner doesn’t always mean being strange or disliked. In fact, it has become a lifestyle in many countries among young people who think about being alone to be a part of everyday life. In South Korea, there are a growing number of people who describe themselves as “honjok”. These people eat alone, travel alone and enjoy being by themselves. In Japan, people have had a strong loner culture over the years. There are solo (单人的) cafes and solo KTVs. The restaurants for solo diners are especially popular. There are boards between two seats in a line against the wall. Diners can’t see the faces of other people. Knowing that you are not the only loner may make you feel better. But more importantly, you can try to find strength in your aloneness. Aloneness gives you time to look inside yourself or do other things with full attention. “It’s hard to feel lonely when you’re trying to learn a new skill, practice a hobby or try out a new diet,” wrote US lifestyle writer Adrienne Breaux. 1．Why don’t some teenagers want to be alone? A．Because eating alone is bad for their health. B．Because they are worried about being called a “loner”. C．Because making friends can make them feel different. D．Because they may not feel safe when staying alone. 2．What does the underlined word “honjok” mean in South Korea? A．A group of people being alone. B．Solo cafes and solo KTVs. C．People who are afraid of being alone. D．Teenagers who like practicing hobbies together. 3．What does the writer mention South Korea and Japan for? A．To explain being a loner has become a lifestyle in many countries. B．To show teenagers are afraid of being called a “loner”. C．To explain being a loner sometimes means being strange or disliked. D．To show aloneness is good for us in some ways. 4．Aloneness can help us ________. ①take a look at ourselves ②devote ourselves to doing things ③know we are the only loner ④try to become strong A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the bad points of being alone B．show real loners in different countries C．introduce Asian cultures among youth D．help people look at aloneness in a good way 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青少年对独处的不同看法，以及韩国、日本等国家的“独居文化”现象，最后指出独处能让人获得力量、专注做事，引导人们以积极视角看待独处。 1．根据第一段“They are afraid of being called a 'loner'.”，可知青少年不想独处的原因是担心被贴上“loner”的标签。 2．根据第二段“These people eat alone, travel alone and enjoy being by themselves.”，可知“honjok”指的是“一群独处的人”。 3．根据第一段“In fact, it has become a lifestyle in many countries among young people...”，第二段以韩国、日本为例，是为了说明“独居已成为多国的生活方式”。 4．根据第三段“Aloneness gives you time to look inside yourself or do other things with full attention.”、“you can try to find strength in your aloneness.”，可知①“审视自己”、②“全神贯注做事”、④“尝试变得强大”符合；③“知道我们是唯一的独行者”与原文“you are not the only loner”矛盾。   5．文章先介绍青少年对独处的担忧，再介绍多国独居文化，最后指出独处的积极意义（获得力量、专注做事），目的是“帮助人们以积极的方式看待独处”。 重难语篇练习 When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation. I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories. “We didn’t stay at ‘bed and breakfast’ houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.” I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought “VACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spanish word for “holidays” is “vacaciones”. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said “VACANCIES”, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said “NO VACANCIES”, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels! We also laughed about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word “DIVERSION” means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word “DIVERSION” on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole. This amusing experience made us realize how language differences can sometimes lead to unexpected misunderstandings. Although my friends ran into a few challenges during their trip, these moments turned into unforgettable memories. Through this, they not only experienced British culture but also gained a deeper appreciation for the importance of learning languages. Perhaps next time they visit England, they’ll face signs and directions with more confidence and have a true “DIVERSION”! 1．The underlined word “accommodation” means________ A．fancy restaurants B．gift shops C．places to stay D．views to see 2．What made the writer’s friends stay at hotels at last? A．The writer told them to do so. B．They misunderstood the signs outside the door. C．They would be able to practise their English. D．People there were away on holiday. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．A road sign that says “DIVERSION” in England means you will have fun there. B．The writer’s friends were trapped in a big hole because of the road sign “DIVERSION”. C．When British people are away on holiday, they put up a sign saying “NO VACANCIES”. D．Spanish friends thought “VACANCIES” meant the house was not available to stay in. 4．The underlined word “this” in Para.5 refers to________ A．the trip B．the memories C．the misunderstandings D．the culture 5．Which of the following is the best title for this article? A．The Challenges of Travelling in England B．The Importance of Understanding Road Signs C．How to Find Accommodation in England D．Funny Language Mistakes While Traveling 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的西班牙朋友在英国旅行时因语言误解而闹出笑话的故事，说明了语言差异可能导致的沟通障碍。 1．原文第一段中，朋友问作者“how to find accommodation”，作者建议他们住“bed and breakfast houses”。根据上下文，这是关于住宿的建议，因此“accommodation”意为“住宿的地方”。 2．原文第三段说明，朋友误以为“VACANCIES”意为“假期”，因此不去挂有“VACANCIES”牌子的房子，反而去挂“NO VACANCIES”的房子，结果发现全满，最后只能住酒店。所以根本原因是他们误解了门外的标志。 3．根据原文第三段，“they thought ‘VACANCIES’ meant ‘holidays’”，而他们以为挂“VACANCIES”的房子主人去度假了，所以认为不能住。因此D项正确。A项错误：原文“DIVERSION”在英式英语中指“绕行”，不是找乐子。B项错误：道路因施工而有一个大坑，但朋友没有掉进去，只是路不通。C项错误：英国人挂“NO VACANCIES”表示没有空房，而不是表示主人去度假。 4．第五段中“this amusing experience”以及前文讲述的误读“VACANCIES”和“DIVERSION”都是误解。最后一句“this”指代这些误解。选项C“the misunderstandings”最准确。 5．文章核心是西班牙朋友因语言不同而产生的幽默误解。A项“在英国旅行的挑战”范围太宽；B项“理解路标的重要性”片面；C项“如何在英国找到住宿”只是第一部分。D项“旅行中的有趣语言错误”准确概括全文主旨。 Many people love traveling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world. ①________ Most travelers enjoy meeting new people, but sometimes you can be rude without saying anything. In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway, and if you’re traveling in Thailand, never touch people’s heads or point your feet at people. When the Japanese meet new people, they like giving business cards—but you should read the card carefully, not just put it in your pocket (口袋). ②________ In most countries in Europe people expect a lot of eye contact (眼神交流) when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, it’s rude to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish before you start speaking. ③________ In restaurants in China you can leave a bit of food on your plate, it’s OK to start smoking before other people finish eating, which you mustn’t do in the UK. When in India, remember to eat with your right hand. Also avoid leaving empty bottles on the dinner table in Russia—that’s bad luck. ④________ When you’re traveling in Asia, if someone invites you to his or her home, don’t forget to take off your shoes when you arrive. And if you visit an Arab family’s home, don’t admire anything valuable because your host will feel he should give it to you as a present. With so much to think about, it’s not surprising that many people prefer going on holiday in their own countries, or you might just decide to stay at home! But anyway, wherever you go, please remember, you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives ’life. 1．What is the theme of the passage? A．Friends. B．Customs. C．Sports. D．Feelings. 2．Match the title with each paragraph. a. Face-to-face communication b. Visiting a family c. Meeting new friends d. Shaking hands e. Table manners A．①—e, ②—a, ③—c, ④—b B．①—c, ②—a, ③—e, ④—b C．①—c, ②—d, ③—a, ④—b D．①—e, ②—d, ③—a, ④—c 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．We can admire anything valuable in an Arab family’s home. B．In China, people can’t smoke before other people finish eating. C．In the USA, people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk. D．In Russia, it’s impolite to shake hands with people in a doorway. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了在不同国家旅行时应遵守的当地习俗。 1．主旨大意题。根据“you should know how to behave in different situations around the world”及全文内容可知，文章围绕不同国家的习俗展开，因此主题是习俗。故选B。 2．细节理解题。①段介绍了俄罗斯、泰国、日本等国初次见面的礼仪，对应 c. Meeting new friends；②段讲述了眼神交流、交谈距离等面对面沟通的礼仪，对应 a. Face-to-face communication；③段介绍了中国、英国、印度、俄罗斯的餐桌礼仪，对应 e. Table manners；④段讲述了去亚洲和阿拉伯家庭做客的礼仪，对应 b. Visiting a family。因此匹配为①—c，②—a，③—e，④—b。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据①段“In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway”可知，在俄罗斯，在门口握手是不礼貌的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“please remember, you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives’ life”可知，作者想告诉我们要尊重当地习俗，即“入乡随俗”故选D。 5．篇章结构题。文章第①段总述出国旅行要了解当地礼仪；第②③④段分别从见面、交流、餐桌、做客四个方面分述具体习俗；最后一段总结要入乡随俗。因此结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项C的图示结构。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $