Unit 5 Good manners 语法填空10篇（单元话题：良好礼仪）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“良好礼仪”话题，通过10篇语法填空实现基础到重难的梯度训练，融合跨文化礼仪认知与语法应用，系统性提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|5篇|聚焦冠词、代词、基础动词等必拿分点，语篇简短易懂|从核心语法点（如物主代词its、介词into）切入，结合日常礼仪场景（如日本餐厅礼仪）构建基础应用逻辑| |重难语篇练习|5篇|涉及非谓语、从句、比较级等复杂语法，语篇含文化对比（如中英餐桌文化）|以跨文化礼仪差异为线索，进阶考查语法结构（如whether引导宾语从句、to behave非谓语），形成“话题-语法-文化”三维逻辑链|

Unit 5 Good manners 语法填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 良好礼仪 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Dear Rose, In your last letter, you told me that you would come to Japan for vacation in July. But you were very worried, because you don’t know 1 you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants. Now, I am writing to tell you the table manners there and how 2 (behavior) in a restaurant, Some restaurants in Japan have tatami (榻榻米) floors. When you step 3 a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive a small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then 4 (care) fold it and set it aside on the table. Don’t use it as a napkin (餐巾纸), or 5 (touch) any part of your face. Before and after a meal, it is important to say 6 (tradition) thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you’re eating. For example, it is common to make some slurping (咂嘴) noises while 7 (eat) noodles. That’s because in Japan if you slurp, it means the food 8 (tasty) good. For sushi, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After finishing your meal, it is good manners to restore all your dishes to the way they were at the 9 (begin) of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. Write to me if you have other questions. Hope you can enjoy 10 in Japan. Yours, Jack 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Money is something we use every day to buy things. Each country has 1 (it) own money, and 2 (give) its money a special name. In Australia, the money is called the Australian dollar. It has 3 (color) notes with pictures of animals, like kangaroos. When you go 4 (shop) in Australia, you need to pay in Australian dollars. In India, people use the rupee. One rupee is divided   5 100 paise, but paise coins are not used much now. 6 you visit India, you will see many rupee notes in different 7 (size). The pound sterling is the currency of the UK. People often call it the pound for short. A pound is worth more than a dollar, so you get 8 (few) pounds when you change dollars into pounds. 9 (learn) about different currencies is useful, 10 (especial) when you travel. It helps you know how much things cost and how to count money correctly. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Do you know how to behave 1 (proper) at a Western dinner table? Here 2 (be) some tips. First, never talk with your mouth 3 (fill) with food. It looks terrible. Second, you 4 (should) use your own knife and fork to take food from the sharing plate. Third, if you need 5 (leave) the table for a moment, say “Excuse me” and put your napkin on your chair. Also, remember 6 (not reach) across the table for something. Politely ask someone 7 (pass) it to you. In many Western countries, it is considered 8 (polite) to make loud noises when eating soup. Finally, after the meal, you can say “Thank you” to the host. 9 (follow) these rules will help you enjoy the dinner and leave a good 10 (impress). Now more and more people would like to visit Xizang. What manners should you learn about if you visit a family in Xizang? When you’re entering the house, don’t walk on the door sill (门槛) 1 Xizang people see it as unlucky. In some 2 (situation), you need to sit cross-legged. Make sure your soles (鞋底) won’t face the family members. What’s more, be sure to avoid 3 (touch) their heads. It’s not polite. If you call a family member by name, add “la” at the end. This will make him or her 4 (feel) closer to you. Xizang people are warm and friendly. For them, sticking out the tongue (伸出舌头) is a way 5 (show) respect for others. If they put their palms (手掌) together, it means they are sending their best wishes to you. Don’t be 6 (surprise) at these actions. Hada, the white scarf, stands 7 good luck in Xizang. Offering it is the 8 (high) form of etiquette (礼节) among Xizang people. When you receive one, you should accept it 9 (polite) by bending your body and using both hands. Wish all of you 10 good time in Xizang! In many parts of the world, being polite is not just about saying “please” and “thank you”. It also means knowing how 1 (behave) in different situations. For example, in some countries, it is considered impolite 2 (arrive) late for a dinner party. In others, arriving exactly on time 3 (be) expected. When you are a guest, you should wait 4 (patient) for your turn instead of pushing ahead. Another important rule is 5 (learn) to express your feelings properly. If someone does something 6 (kind) for you, a simple “thank you” can go a long way. If you make a mistake, it is better 7 (offer) an apology than to pretend nothing happened. Young people today are often taught 8 (be) polite from an early age. Parents remind 9 (they) to say “excuse me” when they need to pass by someone. With practice, good manners become a habit 10 helps us get along well with others. On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, Ms. Wu has 1 (run) a traditional tea house for 30 years. She never sees 2 (she) as a tea master but she helps build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms. Wu 3 (patient) showed him the way to brew (沏) Biluochun. The whole process (过程) made Klaus feel so 4 (peace). After the tea tasting, they had a small 5 (discuss) about the differences between Chinese tea and German black tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 6 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how interested they were, Ms. Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 7 to brew tea with traditional methods. Her daughter, a college student, has been used to 8 (translate) for her mother and visitors to the shop. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with visitors. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 9 they love it deeply,” Ms. Wu said. Her favourite moment was when a Canadian gave her a notebook filled with tea notes. “That’s why I keep teaching,” Ms. Wu said while showing 10 meaningful notebook. Most people find waiting boring, 1 the British are an exception. As a British person myself, I’ve noticed that we often take this habit calmly, and many of us are even 2 (please) to follow this unspoken social rule. The start of this habit dates back to the early 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution began in England. As cities grew bigger and more 3 (crowd), daily activities like posting letters or shopping became messy without a system. Waiting in line naturally came up as 4 way to keep order, preventing people from 5 (get) angry with each other. This practice only 6 (grow) stronger during World War II. In difficult times, keeping order was important, so people were encouraged to do their duty and wait 7 (patient) for what they needed. Over time, waiting in line has 8 (develop) into a symbol of British culture. We believe that showing 9 (polite) means respecting others, and waiting in line is one of the simplest ways to do that. From busy train stations to small shops, the sight of people waiting calmly is common 10 the UK. It’s not just a habit, it’s a way of life. In China, table culture is part of each meal, whether it is in a restaurant or in someone’s home. Learning 1 (act) properly at the table will make people around us more comfortable. Then 2 should we pay attention to when dining? The first one is the order of seats. Usually, round tables are the first 3 (choose) for Chinese dining. The seat facing the door is the best one, usually for the main guest. As for the other seats, the 4 (close) they are to the main guest, the better they are. Second, if we are the host, we should arrive earlier at the door and introduce them to their seats. If we are invited to the meal, we should listen to the host and take 5 seat. Third, we shouldn’t ask the 6 (waiter) the dishes’ prices or bargain (讨价还价) with them when we order, which shows we are not generous. And that makes guests 7 (feel) uncomfortable. The last point to note is about eating manners. It is 8 (polite) to urge (力劝) guests to take the dish, but it’s acceptable to introduce the special dish. Whether they eat or not 9 (depend) on themselves. It’s also unwise to take a dish for guests, 10 we are not sure whether they like it. 重难语篇练习 China is a long way from my home in England. There are many cultural 1 (difference). I thought I would often feel homesick in China, 2 I’m surprised to find that I usually feel right at home. I think it’s because my mom is like 3 Chinese person! Every time we see each other, the first thing she’ll 4 (sure) say is, “Did you eat?” When I was growing up, she often told me, “What we eat isn’t just food, but also the culture of this country.” At that time, my mom 5 (show) interest in world foods. She made German dishes, French dishes, and especially Chinese dishes. I still remember the days when the smell filled the room 6 sweetness. More interestingly, if she makes more typical (典型) English soup, it 7 (have) a little Chinese touch. So whenever I try a dish in China like roast sweet potato (烤红薯), I’ll think, wow! This is just like my mom’s cooking! 8 wonderful memories I have! English cooking can be boring, but my mom loves mixing all kinds of spices (香料) and food together to create 9 (delicious) taste in the world. She is always creative in making food that her family will love. The food culture in the UK doesn’t seem as big 10 it is in China. But it was more important in our home. Food is something that brings us together and gives us joy, just as it does here in China. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every country has its own special customs and etiquette (礼仪). In Japan, people usually bow to greet each other. A small bow might mean a simple hello, while a deeper and longer bow 1 (show) more respect. When you enter 2 Japanese house or some private places, you have to take off your shoes. In France, friends and people 3 know each other often greet with a kiss on both cheeks. French people also pay a lot of attention to table manners. For example, your hands should be kept on the table but not your elbows, and you should use the right 4 (knife) and forks in the right order. In Saudi Arabia, because of their religious beliefs (宗教信仰), people have to dress properly. Men usually wear long 5 (tradition) robes (长袍). For women, their bodies and heads should 6 (cover) when they are in public. Their greetings are more formal and sometimes include special religious words. In India, it is very important 7 (respect) old people. Young people often touch the feet of the elders to show their respect. Also, in some cases, the left hand is thought to be not clean, so people 8 (main) use the right hand to eat and to give or receive things. Knowing and respecting these different customs helps us make friends 9 people from other countries and avoid making mistakes in communication. It makes 10 (we) understand more about different cultures in the world and makes cross-cultural communication better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners 语法填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 良好礼仪 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Dear Rose, In your last letter, you told me that you would come to Japan for vacation in July. But you were very worried, because you don’t know 1 you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants. Now, I am writing to tell you the table manners there and how 2 (behavior) in a restaurant, Some restaurants in Japan have tatami (榻榻米) floors. When you step 3 a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive a small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then 4 (care) fold it and set it aside on the table. Don’t use it as a napkin (餐巾纸), or 5 (touch) any part of your face. Before and after a meal, it is important to say 6 (tradition) thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you’re eating. For example, it is common to make some slurping (咂嘴) noises while 7 (eat) noodles. That’s because in Japan if you slurp, it means the food 8 (tasty) good. For sushi, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After finishing your meal, it is good manners to restore all your dishes to the way they were at the 9 (begin) of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. Write to me if you have other questions. Hope you can enjoy 10 in Japan. Yours, Jack 【答案】 1．what 2．to behave 3．into 4．carefully 5．touch 6．traditional 7．eating 8．tastes 9．beginning 10．yourself 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。是Jack写给Rose的信，信中主要介绍了日本餐厅的餐桌礼仪。 1．句意：因为你不知道在日本餐厅里能做什么、不能做什么。根据“you don’t know _____ you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants”可知，此处表示“做什么”，用疑问词“what”，作动词do的宾语。 2．句意：现在，我正在写信告诉你那里的餐桌礼仪，以及在餐厅里该如何表现。behavior意为“行为”，是名词，此处考查“疑问词+to do”作宾语，behavior的动词形式是behave，how to behave意为“如何表现、如何举止”。 3．句意：当你走进一家餐厅时，必须脱掉鞋子。此处考查固定搭配step into，意为“走进；踏入”。 4．句意：用餐前用它洗手，然后小心地把它折好放在桌上。care意为“关心；照顾”，是动词，空后的“fold”是动词，此处用其副词形式carefully修饰动词，意为“小心地；仔细地”。 5．句意：不要把它当餐巾纸用，也不要触碰脸的任何部位。touch意为“触碰”，是动词，“or”连接具有转折关系的并列内容，此处连接两个省略了don’t的并列祈使句结构，用动词原形。 6．句意：用餐前后，说传统的感谢语很重要。tradition意为“传统”是名词，空后的“thank-you words”是名词，用形容词修饰名词，“tradition”的形容词形式traditional，意为“传统的”，在句中作定语。 7．句意：例如，吃面条时发出一些吸溜声是很常见的。eat意为“吃”，是动词，“while”后接动词-ing形式，“eat”的-ing形式是“eating”，故填eating。 8．句意：那是因为在日本，如果你吸溜面条，意味着食物尝起来很好。tasty意为“美味的”，是形容词，此处要用系动词taste，意为“尝起来”，句子陈述的是实际情况，句子用一般现在时，宾语从句中主语the food为不可数名词，动词用第三人称单数形式，taste的第三人称单数形式是“tastes”。 9．句意：用餐结束后，把所有餐具恢复到用餐开始时的样子是礼貌的。begin意为“开始”，是动词，此处考查固定短语at the beginning of…，意为“在……开始”。 10．句意：希望你能在日本玩得开心。此处考查固定短语enjoy oneself，意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，主语是you“你”，对应反身代词是yourself“你自己”。 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Money is something we use every day to buy things. Each country has 1 (it) own money, and 2 (give) its money a special name. In Australia, the money is called the Australian dollar. It has 3 (color) notes with pictures of animals, like kangaroos. When you go 4 (shop) in Australia, you need to pay in Australian dollars. In India, people use the rupee. One rupee is divided   5 100 paise, but paise coins are not used much now. 6 you visit India, you will see many rupee notes in different 7 (size). The pound sterling is the currency of the UK. People often call it the pound for short. A pound is worth more than a dollar, so you get 8 (few) pounds when you change dollars into pounds. 9 (learn) about different currencies is useful, 10 (especial) when you travel. It helps you know how much things cost and how to count money correctly. 【答案】 1．its 2．gives 3．colorful 4．shopping 5．into 6．If/When 7．sizes 8．fewer 9．Learning 10．especially 【导语】本文介绍了澳大利亚、印度、英国的货币，以及了解不同货币在旅行中的作用。 1．句意：每个国家都有自己的货币。修饰名词“own money”，要用it的形容词性物主代词形式its，表示“它的”。 2．句意：每个国家都有自己的货币，并赋予其特殊的名称。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，has是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，因此give也用第三人称单数形式gives。 3．句意：它拥有色彩鲜艳的纸币，上面印有动物图案，比如袋鼠。‌修饰名词“notes”，要用color的形容词形式colorful，表示“色彩鲜艳的”。 4．句意：在澳大利亚购物时，你需要用澳元支付。go shopping是固定短语，意为“去购物”，所以填shopping。 5．句意：1卢比等于100派沙，但现在派沙硬币已很少使用了。‌divide ... into ... 是固定短语，意为“把……分成……”，这里表示一卢比被分成100派萨，故填into。 6．句意：当你去印度旅游时，会看到许多不同尺寸的卢比纸币。/如果你去印度旅游，会看到许多大小不同的卢比纸币。“you visit India”是一个条件或时间状语，“如果你/当你访问印度时”，可以用If引导条件状语从句，也可以用When引导时间状语从句，所以填If或When。 7．句意：当你去印度旅游时，会看到许多不同尺寸的卢比纸币。/如果你去印度旅游，会看到许多大小不同的卢比纸币。different后接可数名词复数形式，size表示“尺寸；大小”，所以用sizes。 8．句意：1英镑的价值超过1美元，因此用美元兑换英镑时，得到的英镑数量会更少。‌根据前文“A pound is worth more than a dollar”可知，当把美元换成英镑时，得到的英镑数量更少，few的比较级是fewer，所以填fewer。 9．句意：了解不同的货币很有用。分析句子结构，“ … (learn) about different currencies”是句子的主语，动词作主语要用动名词形式，所以填Learning。 10．句意：了解不同的货币很有用，尤其是在旅行时。了解不同的货币很有用，尤其是在旅行时。修饰整个句子“when you travel”，要用especial的副词形式especially，表示“尤其；特别”。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Do you know how to behave 1 (proper) at a Western dinner table? Here 2 (be) some tips. First, never talk with your mouth 3 (fill) with food. It looks terrible. Second, you 4 (should) use your own knife and fork to take food from the sharing plate. Third, if you need 5 (leave) the table for a moment, say “Excuse me” and put your napkin on your chair. Also, remember 6 (not reach) across the table for something. Politely ask someone 7 (pass) it to you. In many Western countries, it is considered 8 (polite) to make loud noises when eating soup. Finally, after the meal, you can say “Thank you” to the host. 9 (follow) these rules will help you enjoy the dinner and leave a good 10 (impress). 【答案】 1．properly 2．are 3．filled 4．shouldn’t 5．to leave 6．not to reach 7．to pass 8．impolite 9．Following 10．impression 【导语】本文介绍了西餐餐桌上的基本礼仪规范，为读者提供了得体用餐的实用小贴士。 1．句意：你知道在西餐餐桌上如何举止得体吗？此处修饰动词behave，需用副词作方式状语。proper是形容词，需变为副词形式properly。 2．句意：这里有一些小贴士。本句为here引导的完全倒装句，主语是后面的“some tips”是复数名词，be动词需用复数形式，全文为一般现在时，故填are。 3．句意：首先，永远不要在嘴里塞满食物时说话。此处为“with + 名词 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，mouth与fill是被动关系，即“嘴被食物填满”，故用过去分词filled作宾语补足语。 4．句意：其次，你不应该用自己的刀叉从共享盘中取食物。根据西餐礼仪常识，此处表否定建议，should是情态动词，需用否定形式shouldn’t表示“不应该”。 5．句意：第三，如果你需要暂时离开餐桌，说“打扰一下”并把餐巾放在椅子上。动词need后接动词不定式作宾语，构成固定结构“need to do sth.”，意为“需要做某事”， leave的不定式为to leave。 6．句意：另外，记住不要隔着桌子伸手去拿东西。动词remember后接动词不定式作宾语，构成固定结构“remember to do sth.”，意为“记得去做某事”；此处表否定，不定式的否定形式为“not to do”，因此用not to reach。 7．句意：礼貌地请别人把它递给你。动词ask后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成固定结构“ask sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求/请某人做某事”，因此用to pass。 8．句意：在许多西方国家，喝汤时发出很大的声响被认为是不礼貌的。本句为it作形式主语的结构，真正主语是“to make loud noises when eating soup”；根据常识，喝汤出声是不礼貌的，需用polite的反义词impolite。 9．句意：遵守这些规则会帮助你享受用餐，并留下好印象。本句缺少主语，动词原形不能作主语，需将follow变为动名词形式，构成动名词短语“Following these rules”作主语，首字母大写。 10．句意：遵守这些规则会帮助你享受用餐，并留下好印象。形容词good后接名词作宾语，impress是动词，需变为名词形式impression，构成固定搭配“leave a good impression”，意为“留下好印象”。 Now more and more people would like to visit Xizang. What manners should you learn about if you visit a family in Xizang? When you’re entering the house, don’t walk on the door sill (门槛) 1 Xizang people see it as unlucky. In some 2 (situation), you need to sit cross-legged. Make sure your soles (鞋底) won’t face the family members. What’s more, be sure to avoid 3 (touch) their heads. It’s not polite. If you call a family member by name, add “la” at the end. This will make him or her 4 (feel) closer to you. Xizang people are warm and friendly. For them, sticking out the tongue (伸出舌头) is a way 5 (show) respect for others. If they put their palms (手掌) together, it means they are sending their best wishes to you. Don’t be 6 (surprise) at these actions. Hada, the white scarf, stands 7 good luck in Xizang. Offering it is the 8 (high) form of etiquette (礼节) among Xizang people. When you receive one, you should accept it 9 (polite) by bending your body and using both hands. Wish all of you 10 good time in Xizang! 【答案】 1．because 2．situations 3．touching 4．feel 5．to show 6．surprised 7．for 8．highest 9．politely 10．a 【导语】本文介绍了去西藏家庭做客时需要了解的礼仪习俗，包括进门、坐姿、称呼、肢体接触等方面的注意事项，以及哈达的文化意义。 1．句意：进门时不要踩门槛，因为西藏人认为这是不吉利的。此处用because引导原因状语从句，解释不能踩门槛的原因。 2．句意：在某些情况下，你需要盘腿而坐。“some”后接可数名词复数，situation的复数形式是situations。 3．句意：此外，一定要避免触摸他们的头。“avoid doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“避免做某事”，touch的动名词形式是touching。 4．句意：这会让他或她感觉和你更亲近。“make sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“让某人做某事”，用动词原形feel。 5．句意：对他们来说，伸出舌头是一种向他人表达尊重的方式。“a way to do sth.”表示“做某事的一种方式”，应用动词不定式to show。 6．句意：不要对这些行为感到惊讶。形容人“感到惊讶的”用surprised，在句中作表语。 7．句意：哈达，这种白色的围巾，在西藏象征着好运。“stand for”是固定搭配，表示“象征、代表”。 8．句意：敬献哈达是西藏人最高的礼节形式。此处有范围限定“among Xizang people”，且前面有the，用形容词最高级highest。 9．句意：当你收到哈达时，应该弯腰并用双手礼貌地接过。此处用副词修饰动词accept，polite的副词形式是politely。 10．句意：祝你们所有人在西藏玩得愉快！“wish sb. a good time”是固定搭配，表示“祝某人玩得愉快”。 In many parts of the world, being polite is not just about saying “please” and “thank you”. It also means knowing how 1 (behave) in different situations. For example, in some countries, it is considered impolite 2 (arrive) late for a dinner party. In others, arriving exactly on time 3 (be) expected. When you are a guest, you should wait 4 (patient) for your turn instead of pushing ahead. Another important rule is 5 (learn) to express your feelings properly. If someone does something 6 (kind) for you, a simple “thank you” can go a long way. If you make a mistake, it is better 7 (offer) an apology than to pretend nothing happened. Young people today are often taught 8 (be) polite from an early age. Parents remind 9 (they) to say “excuse me” when they need to pass by someone. With practice, good manners become a habit 10 helps us get along well with others. 【答案】 1．to behave 2．to arrive 3．is 4．patiently 5．to learn 6．kind 7．to offer 8．to be 9．them 10．that/which 【导语】本文主要介绍了礼貌不仅体现在言语上，还包括在不同场合的行为举止，如准时赴约、耐心等待、恰当表达感谢与歉意等，强调良好礼仪有助于人际交往。 1．句意：这也意味着知道如何在不同的场合表现自己。“how to do sth.”为“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，故填to behave。 2．句意：例如，在一些国家，参加晚宴迟到被认为是不礼貌的。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”为固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to arrive。 3．句意：在其他国家，人们期望恰好准时到达。此处为动名词短语“arriving exactly on time”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且描述客观事实，故填is。 4．句意：当你做客时，你应该耐心等待轮到你，而不是往前挤。此处修饰动词wait，需用副词形式，patient的副词为patiently。 5．句意：另一个重要的规则是学会恰当地表达自己的情感。此处作表语，表示“学会”这一行为，需用动词不定式to learn。 6．句意：如果有人为你做了善事，一句简单的“谢谢”就很有用。此处修饰不定代词something，需用形容词后置，kind意为“友善的”，符合语境。 7．句意：如果你犯了错，最好道歉而不是假装什么都没发生。“It is better to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“最好做某事”，故填to offer。 8．句意：如今的年轻人从小就被教导要懂礼貌。“be taught to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“被教导做某事”，故填to be。 9．句意：父母提醒他们，在需要从别人身边经过时要说“打扰了”。作动词remind的宾语，需用人称代词的宾格，they的宾格为them。 10．句意：通过练习，良好的礼仪成为一种习惯，这有助于我们与他人融洽相处。此处引导定语从句，先行词a habit指物，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, Ms. Wu has 1 (run) a traditional tea house for 30 years. She never sees 2 (she) as a tea master but she helps build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms. Wu 3 (patient) showed him the way to brew (沏) Biluochun. The whole process (过程) made Klaus feel so 4 (peace). After the tea tasting, they had a small 5 (discuss) about the differences between Chinese tea and German black tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 6 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how interested they were, Ms. Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 7 to brew tea with traditional methods. Her daughter, a college student, has been used to 8 (translate) for her mother and visitors to the shop. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with visitors. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 9 they love it deeply,” Ms. Wu said. Her favourite moment was when a Canadian gave her a notebook filled with tea notes. “That’s why I keep teaching,” Ms. Wu said while showing 10 meaningful notebook. 【答案】 1．run 2．herself 3．patiently 4．peaceful 5．discussion 6．brought 7．how 8．translating 9．but 10．the 【导语】本文介绍苏州平江路上吴女士经营传统茶馆三十年，通过茶文化搭建中外文化交流桥梁的故事。 1．句意：在苏州平江路上，吴女士经营一家传统茶馆已有30年。时间状语“for 30 years”是现在完成时的标志，表示动作从过去持续到现在；“has”后需接过去分词，run的过去分词是run。 2．句意：她从不把自己看作茶艺大师，却助力搭建起了一座文化桥梁。动词“sees”后需接宾语，指代主语Ms. Wu本人，需用反身代词，she的反身代词是herself。 3．句意：在手机应用的帮助下，吴女士耐心地向他展示了冲泡碧螺春的方法。空格处修饰动词“showed”，需用副词作状语，表示“耐心地”，patient的副词形式是patiently。 4．句意：整个过程让克劳斯感到如此平静。“feel”是系动词，后需接形容词作表语，表示“平静的”，peace的形容词形式是peaceful。 5．句意：品茶之后，他们进行了一次关于中国茶和德国红茶差异的小讨论。形容词“small”后需接名词作宾语，discuss的名词形式是discussion，a后接单数名词。 6．句意：那一周克劳斯每天都回来，并且每次都带来更多的朋友。空格处与“returned”并列作谓语，叙述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。 7．句意：她向外国人展示如何用传统方法泡茶。空格处作“showed”的宾语，表示“如何泡茶”，需用疑问副词how引导宾语从句。 8．句意：她上大学的女儿已经习惯了为母亲和店里的顾客翻译。“be used to doing sth.”是形容词短语，意为“习惯于做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，translate的动名词形式是translating。 9．句意：吴女士说：“我过去以为外国人不会理解我们的茶文化，但他们却深深地喜爱着它。”前文说“以为不理解”，后文说“深深喜爱”，前后是转折关系，需用并列连词but连接。 10．句意：“这就是我坚持教学的原因，” 吴女士一边展示那本有意义的笔记本，一边说道。空格后“meaningful notebook”是前文提到的那个笔记本，需用定冠词the表示特指。 Most people find waiting boring, 1 the British are an exception. As a British person myself, I’ve noticed that we often take this habit calmly, and many of us are even 2 (please) to follow this unspoken social rule. The start of this habit dates back to the early 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution began in England. As cities grew bigger and more 3 (crowd), daily activities like posting letters or shopping became messy without a system. Waiting in line naturally came up as 4 way to keep order, preventing people from 5 (get) angry with each other. This practice only 6 (grow) stronger during World War II. In difficult times, keeping order was important, so people were encouraged to do their duty and wait 7 (patient) for what they needed. Over time, waiting in line has 8 (develop) into a symbol of British culture. We believe that showing 9 (polite) means respecting others, and waiting in line is one of the simplest ways to do that. From busy train stations to small shops, the sight of people waiting calmly is common 10 the UK. It’s not just a habit, it’s a way of life. 【答案】 1．but 2．pleased 3．crowded 4．a 5．getting 6．grew 7．patiently 8．developed 9．politeness 10．across/in 【导语】本文主要讲述了大多数人觉得等待很无聊，但英国人是个例外，接着介绍了英国人排队习惯的起源、发展以及排队在英国文化中的意义。 1．句意：大多数人觉得等待很无聊，然而，英国人是个例外。“Most people find waiting boring”和“the British are an exception”之间是转折关系，所以用转折连词but。 2．句意：作为一个英国人，我注意到我们经常平静地对待这个习惯，我们中的许多人甚至很高兴遵循这个不成文的社会规则。“are”是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，please的形容词形式有pleased（感到高兴的，通常用来形容人）和pleasant（令人愉快的，通常用来形容事物），此处形容人，所以用pleased。 3．句意：随着城市变得更大更拥挤，如果没有一个系统，像寄信或购物这样的日常活动就会变得混乱。“and”连接两个并列的形容词，crowd的形容词形式是crowded，表示“拥挤的”。 4．句意：排队自然成为了一种维持秩序的方式，防止人们互相生气。“way”是可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指“一种方式”，“way”以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 5．句意：排队自然成为了一种维持秩序的方式，防止人们互相生气。“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，所以这里用get的动名词形式getting。 6．句意：这种做法在第二次世界大战期间变得更强。“This practice”是主语，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，grow的过去式是grew。 7．句意：在困难时期，维持秩序很重要，所以人们被鼓励尽自己的职责，耐心地等待他们需要的东西。“wait”是动词，要用副词修饰，patient的副词形式是patiently，表示“耐心地”。 8．句意：随着时间的推移，排队已经发展成为英国文化的一个象征。“has”是助动词，后面接动词的过去分词构成现在完成时，develop的过去分词是developed。 9．句意：我们认为表现出礼貌意味着尊重他人，而排队是做到这一点最简单的方式之一。“show”是动词，后面接名词作宾语，polite的名词形式是politeness，表示“礼貌”。 10．句意：从繁忙的火车站到小商店，在英国看到人们平静地排队是很常见的。“common across/in the UK”表示“在英国很常见”，所以这里可以填across或in。 In China, table culture is part of each meal, whether it is in a restaurant or in someone’s home. Learning 1 (act) properly at the table will make people around us more comfortable. Then 2 should we pay attention to when dining? The first one is the order of seats. Usually, round tables are the first 3 (choose) for Chinese dining. The seat facing the door is the best one, usually for the main guest. As for the other seats, the 4 (close) they are to the main guest, the better they are. Second, if we are the host, we should arrive earlier at the door and introduce them to their seats. If we are invited to the meal, we should listen to the host and take 5 seat. Third, we shouldn’t ask the 6 (waiter) the dishes’ prices or bargain (讨价还价) with them when we order, which shows we are not generous. And that makes guests 7 (feel) uncomfortable. The last point to note is about eating manners. It is 8 (polite) to urge (力劝) guests to take the dish, but it’s acceptable to introduce the special dish. Whether they eat or not 9 (depend) on themselves. It’s also unwise to take a dish for guests, 10 we are not sure whether they like it. 【答案】 1．to act 2．what 3．choice 4．closer 5．a 6．waiters 7．feel 8．impolite 9．depends 10．because 【导语】本文就就餐时需要注意的事项给出了一些建议。 1．句意：学会在餐桌上有得体的举止会让我们周围的人感到更加自在。根据“Learning”可知，此处是说学会得体的举止，learn to do sth.“学会做某事”。故填to act。 2．句意：那么，在用餐时我们应该注意些什么呢？根据“should we pay attention to”可知，此处是说该注意些什么，应用疑问词what，意为“什么”。故填what。 3．句意：通常情况下，圆桌是中国人用餐的首选。choose“选择”，动词，根据“the first...”可知，此处是说第一个选择，使用其名词choice，意为“选择”。故填choice。 4．句意：对于其他座位，位置越靠近主宾越好。根据“the better they are”可知，此处应使用结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，close此处作形容词，意为“近的”，其比较级为closer，意为“更近的”。故填closer。 5．句意：如果是我们受邀参加宴会，我们应该听从主人的安排，选择一个座位就坐。句中“seat”为可数名词，以辅音音素开头，且此处表示泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．句意：第三，我们不应该在点餐时询问服务员菜品的价格，也不应该与他们讨价还价，因为这表明我们不够大方。waiter“服务生”，可数名词，根据“bargain (讨价还价) with them”可知，此处是说别问服务员价格，也不和他们讨价还价，应用复数形式。故填waiters。 7．句意：这样做会让客人感到不自在。句中“makes”意为“让”，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此处用原形。故填feel。 8．句意：强迫客人去吃某道菜是不礼貌的，但介绍特色菜品是可以的。根据“but it’s acceptable to introduce the special dish”可知，此处是说强迫客人去吃某道菜是不礼貌的，使用形容词polite的反义词impolite，意为“不礼貌的”。故填impolite。 9．句意：他们是否食用取决于他们自己。depend“依赖”，动词，句中从句“Whether they eat or not”作主语，为第三人称单数，且此句为一般现在时，depend用第三人称单数。depend on“取决于”。故填depends。 10．句意：而且，为客人夹菜也是不明智的，因为我们无法确定他们是否喜欢那道菜。前句“It’s also unwise to take a dish for guests”和“we are not sure whether they like it”构成因果关系，后句表示原因，使用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 重难语篇练习 China is a long way from my home in England. There are many cultural 1 (difference). I thought I would often feel homesick in China, 2 I’m surprised to find that I usually feel right at home. I think it’s because my mom is like 3 Chinese person! Every time we see each other, the first thing she’ll 4 (sure) say is, “Did you eat?” When I was growing up, she often told me, “What we eat isn’t just food, but also the culture of this country.” At that time, my mom 5 (show) interest in world foods. She made German dishes, French dishes, and especially Chinese dishes. I still remember the days when the smell filled the room 6 sweetness. More interestingly, if she makes more typical (典型) English soup, it 7 (have) a little Chinese touch. So whenever I try a dish in China like roast sweet potato (烤红薯), I’ll think, wow! This is just like my mom’s cooking! 8 wonderful memories I have! English cooking can be boring, but my mom loves mixing all kinds of spices (香料) and food together to create 9 (delicious) taste in the world. She is always creative in making food that her family will love. The food culture in the UK doesn’t seem as big 10 it is in China. But it was more important in our home. Food is something that brings us together and gives us joy, just as it does here in China. 【答案】 1．differences 2．but 3．a 4．surely 5．showed 6．with 7．will have 8．What 9．the most delicious 10．as 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，来自英国的作者分享了自己在中国的生活感受与家庭的饮食文化。 1．句意：有很多文化差异。“many”后接可数名词复数，difference的复数形式为differences，故填differences。 2．句意：我原以为自己在中国会常常想家，但惊讶地发现，我通常感觉像在自己家一样自在。前文“以为会想家”与后文“感觉自在”是转折关系，用连词but，故填but。 3．句意：我想这是因为我妈妈就像一个中国人！“Chinese person”是可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个中国人”，且“Chinese”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 4．句意：每次我们见面，她一定会说的第一句话就是：“你吃了吗？” 空格处需填副词修饰动词“say”，sure的副词形式为surely（必定、无疑），故填surely。 5．句意：那时候，我妈妈就对世界美食表现出了兴趣。根据“When I was growing up”，此处用一般过去时，show的过去式为showed，故填showed。 6．句意：我依然记得那些房间里弥漫着甜味的日子。“fill with”是固定短语，意为“充满”，故填with。 7．句意：更有趣的是，如果她做更典型的英国汤，汤里也会带有一点中国风味。此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故填will have。 8．句意：我有着多么美好的回忆啊！此处是感叹句，中心词为复数名词“memories”，用“What+形容词+可数名词复数！”的结构，故填What。 9．句意：英国的烹饪可能很单调，但我妈妈喜欢把各种香料和食物混合在一起，创造出世界上最美味的味道。根据“in the world”，用形容词最高级，delicious的最高级为the most delicious，故填the most delicious。 10．句意：英国的饮食文化似乎不如中国的浓厚。“as+形容词原级+as”是固定结构，意为“和……一样……”，故填as。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every country has its own special customs and etiquette (礼仪). In Japan, people usually bow to greet each other. A small bow might mean a simple hello, while a deeper and longer bow 1 (show) more respect. When you enter 2 Japanese house or some private places, you have to take off your shoes. In France, friends and people 3 know each other often greet with a kiss on both cheeks. French people also pay a lot of attention to table manners. For example, your hands should be kept on the table but not your elbows, and you should use the right 4 (knife) and forks in the right order. In Saudi Arabia, because of their religious beliefs (宗教信仰), people have to dress properly. Men usually wear long 5 (tradition) robes (长袍). For women, their bodies and heads should 6 (cover) when they are in public. Their greetings are more formal and sometimes include special religious words. In India, it is very important 7 (respect) old people. Young people often touch the feet of the elders to show their respect. Also, in some cases, the left hand is thought to be not clean, so people 8 (main) use the right hand to eat and to give or receive things. Knowing and respecting these different customs helps us make friends 9 people from other countries and avoid making mistakes in communication. It makes 10 (we) understand more about different cultures in the world and makes cross-cultural communication better. 【答案】 1．shows 2．a 3．who/that 4．knives 5．traditional 6．be covered 7．to respect 8．mainly 9．with 10．us 【导语】本文通过介绍不同国家的特殊习俗和礼仪，强调了了解和尊重文化差异对于促进跨文化交流的重要性。 1．句意：在日本，轻微的鞠躬可能意味着简单的问候，而更深更久的鞠躬则表现出更多的尊重。主语是“a deeper and longer bow”，且全文描述的是客观事实和普遍习惯，故用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式shows“表明”。 2．句意：当你进入一户日本人家或某些私人场所时，你必须脱鞋。此处泛指“一户日本人家”，且“Japanese”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 3．句意：在法国，朋友和互相认识的人经常通过亲吻双颊来问候。句子是定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。 4．句意：例如，你的手应该放在桌子上，但不要放肘部，并且你应该按正确的顺序使用正确的刀叉。根据后面的“forks”以及常识可知此处应用复数形式knives“刀”。 5．句意：男士通常穿着传统的长袍。此处修饰名词“robes”，需要用形容词形式traditional“传统的”。 6．句意：对于女性来说，当她们在公共场合时，身体和头部应该被遮盖。主语“their bodies and heads”与动词“cover”之间是被动关系，且前面有情态动词“should”，故用被动语态“should be covered”。 7．句意：在印度，尊重老人是非常重要的。respect“尊重”，此处是“It is + adj. + to do sth.”的句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，此处填to respect。 8．句意：此外，在某些情况下，左手被认为是不干净的，所以人们主要用右手吃饭、递送或接收物品。此处修饰动词“use”，需要用副词形式mainly“主要地”。 9．句意：了解和尊重这些不同的习俗有助于我们与来自其他国家的人交朋友，并避免在交流中犯错。此处是固定搭配“make friends with sb.”意为“与某人交朋友”。 10．句意：它使我们更多地了解世界上不同的文化，并使跨文化交流变得更好。此处作动词“makes”的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式us“我们”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $