Unit 7 Charities 单元复习（单词、词汇拓展、短语、句子、知识点、语法、写作）-2025-2026学年新译林版英语八年级下册同步单元复习

Unit 7 Charities 单元复习 词句背默清单 重点单词 1.创建;创立 found 2.治好（疾病）;治愈 cure 3.能做,买得起 afford 4.培训,训练 train 5.得益于,得利于;使受益 benefit 6.动手术 operate 7.医治;以……方式对待treat 8.组织,机构organization 9.嘴唇 lip 10.采访者interviewer 11.十亿 billion 12.治疗 treatment 13.目的,目标aim 14.病人 patient 15.眼睛保健 eye care 16.采访,访谈;面试interview 17.黑暗 darkness 18.医疗的medical 19.感激的 grateful 20. 而且,此外 besides 21. 使失明 blind 22. 力争做到;瞄准aim 23. 增加;增加物 addition 24. 传单,小册子 leaflet 25. 优势,益处,成效 benefit 26. 捍卫者,声援者,拥护者;冠军 champion 27. 权利 right 28.（医疗）服务 healthcare 29. 进步,进展 progress 30. 传播,散布,扩展,蔓延 spread 31. 病毒 virus 32. 战争;斗争 war 33. 有影响力的 influential 34. 直接directly 词汇拓展 1. medicine（n. 药）—（adj. 医疗的）medical 2. organize（v. 组织）—（n. 组织）organization 3. interview（v. 采访）—（n. 采访者）interviewer 4. cure（v. 治好）—（n. 治愈）cure 5. treat（v. 医治）—（n. 治疗）treatment 6. patient（adj. 耐心的）—（n. 病人）patient 7. afford（v. 买得起）—（adj. 负担得起的）affordable 8. benefit（v. 受益）—（n. 益处）benefit 9. operate（v. 动手术）—（n. 手术）operation 10. grateful（adj. 感激的）—（adv. 感激地）gratefully 重点短语 1.无国界医生Doctors Without Borders 2.听说 hear of 3.以……为目的 with the aim of... 4.做手术do operations/an operation 5.负担得起做某事afford to do sth 6.去医院看病 go to hospital 7.在飞机上（或船上、火车上）on board 8.从……中受益benefit from 9.（给……）做手术operate on 10.继续做 carry on(with） 11.向某人表示感谢express thanks to sb. 12. 除……以外（还）in addition(to) 13. 在……的帮助下 with the help of 14. 分发hand out 15. 力争做某事 aim to do sth. 16. 作出努力 make efforts 17. 建立 set up 18. 及时 in time 19. 取得进展 make progress 20. 做某事有困难have difficulty(in) doing sth. 21. 错失（机会）miss out （on） 重点句子 1.数以百万计的儿童出生时就有唇部问题。 Millions of children were born with lip problems. 2.然而,许多人负担不起医疗费用。 However,many people don't have money for medical treatment. 3.我们的很多病人负担不起来医院看病的费用,所以我们只好上门为他们看病。 Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. 4.我们为能够帮助人们恢复视力感到自豪。 We're proud to help people see again. 5.去年我的眼疾治好了,这为我的生活带来了光明和色彩。 Last year, my eye problem was cured, and this has brought light and colour to my life. 6.现在,我生活中的许多事情都改善了。 Now, so many things in my life have improved. 7. 志愿者们把传单分发给街上的人们。 Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 8. 它(救助儿童会)成立于1919年,旨在帮助为所有孩子创建一个更美好的未来。 It was founded in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. 9. 但需要帮助与支持的并非只有人类。 But it's not just people who are in need of help and support. 10. 此外,它与政府紧密协作,制订旨在援助和保护儿童的方案。 Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children. 11. 他们甚至难以获得生活必需品。 They even have difficulty getting necessary things. 12. 我知道它是我们历史最悠久的慈善机构之一,但它主要做哪些工作？ I know it's one of our oldest charities, but what kind of work does it focus on? 13. 自从成立以来,它做了很多令人称赞的事情。 It has done a lot of wonderful things since it was founded. 14. 他希望村里所有的孩子都学会读书写字。 He wanted all the children in the village to learn to read and write. 15. 它的标志展现了中国人民对和谐与美好生活的期望。 Its logo shows Chinese people's hopes for harmony and a good life. 重点知识详解 知识点1：It was founded in 1982.它成立于 1982 年。 found〔及物动词〕创建；建立 通常指创建组织或机构等。 He founded a new charity last year. 他去年创办了一家新的慈善机构。 The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921. 中国共产党成立于 1921 年。 注意 found 也是 find 的过去式和过去分词，意为“发现，找到”。 She found her keys on the table yesterday. 昨天她在桌子上找到了钥匙。 Look what I' ve found！看我发现了什么！ 知识点2：There are about 6,000 medical volunteers in this organization.该组织有大约 6 000 名医疗志愿者。 medical〔形容词〕医疗的；医学的在句中多作定语。 China is offering a lot of medical help to the world.中国正在向世界提供大量医疗救助。 He is studying in a medical college. 他正在一所医学院学习。 拓展 medicine〔名词〕医学；药 Chinese medicine is very popular in western countries now. 现在中医在西方国家很受欢迎。 知识点3：Over one billion people around the world are suffering from different kinds of eye problems, and about 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.全球有超过十亿人正遭受着各类眼疾的困扰，其中约 90%的病例是可以预防或治愈的。 (1)billion 〔名词〕十亿 ①billion 与基数词连用时表示确切的数目，billion 后不加-s，且不与 of连用。 two billion people 二十亿人 ②billions of数十亿的 表示不确切的数目，前面不能再加基数词。 Billions of stars shine in the night sky. 夜空中闪耀着数十亿颗星星。 拓展与 billion 用法类似的词还有 hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万)。 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词 的用法 模糊数字两有(有s有 of)； 具体数字两无(无s无 of)。 (2)百分数 90 per cent of…意为“90%的……”， per cent意为“百分之……”，常以单数形式出现，前面为基数词，即：基数词+ per cent of。在美式英语中， per cent 常拼写为 percent。 70 per cent of the land here is covered with forests.这里70%的土地被森林覆盖。 About 60 per cent of students in this class have joined the school sports club.这个班约60%的学生加入了学校体育社团。 注意“基数词+ per cent of+名词”作-主语时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数，谓语动词一般用复数形式；名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。 (3) cure ①〔及物动词〕治好(疾病)；治愈 cure sb of sth治好某人的……病 Modern medicine can now cure many diseases. 现代医学如今能治愈许多疾病。 The special medicine cured him of his headache. 这种特别的药治好了他的头痛。 ②〔名词〕治疗；疗法；疗程；药物 cure for… …的疗法 Scientists are still working to find a cure for this disease.科学家仍在努力寻找这种病的治疗方法。 The cure took six weeks. 此疗程花了六个星期。 知识点4：Orbis's Flying Eye Hospital Project was started in 1982 with the aim of helping patients in poor areas. 奥比斯的“眼科飞机医院”项目始于 1982 年，旨在帮助贫困地区的病人。 patient ①〔可数名词〕病人 The patient has just had an eye operation. 这位病人刚刚做了眼部手术。 ②〔形容词〕能忍耐的，有耐心的 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 You need to be patient if you want to learn a new language well. 如果想学好一门新语言，你需要有耐心。 She is always patient with her students when they ask questions.当学生们提问时,她对他们总是很有耐心。 一言辨异 The nurse is patient with her patients. 那名护士对她的病人很有耐心。 知识点5：Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.我们的许多病人负担不起去医院看病的费用，所以我们必须主动去找他们。 (1) afford〔及物动词〕能做,买得起 后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，多用于否定句或疑问句中,常与 can, could, be able to 连用。 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 The house is so expensive that I can't afford it.这栋房子这么贵，我买不起。 She can't afford to pay for her daughter's education.她负担不起她女儿的教育费用。 (2) go to hospital 去医院看病 侧重表示“去医院就医”这一行为，强调“看病、接受治疗”的目的，不特指某一家医院。 I have a high fever and need to go to hospital this afternoon. 我发高烧了，今天下午需要去医院看病。 If your stomachache doesn't stop, you should go to hospital immediately. 如果你的胃痛一直没停，你应该马上去医院看病。 注意 如果表示去某一家医院，要在- hospital 前加定冠词 the,即 go to the hospital。 = I need to go to the hospital to visit my friend. 我要去那家医院看望朋友。 知识点6：By training them, we hope more people will benefit from this. 通过培训他们,我们希望更多人会从中受益。 (1) train ①〔及物动词〕培训，训练 train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事 We should train students to behave politely. 我们应该训练学生表现得有礼貌。 ②〔不及物动词〕培训，训练 He's training for the marathon next month. 他正在为下个月的马拉松赛跑训练。 ③〔可数名词〕火车 We met on a train to Paris last summer. 去年夏天我们在去巴黎的火车上认识的。 拓展 training〔不可数名词〕训练,培训Before work, we should receive training.工作前，我们应接受培训。 (2) benefit ①〔不及物动词〕得益于，得利于 benefit from/ by sth意为“从……中受益”,主语可以是人或事物。 She benefited greatly from her year abroad. 她在国外的一年里获益良多。 The company has benefited by the new technology. 这家公司已从新技术中获益。 ②〔及物动词〕使受益 benefit sb/ sth意为“使……受益”,主语通常是事物或行为。 Drinking more milk benefits your health.多喝牛奶对你的健康有益。 ③〔名词〕优势，益处，成效 the benefit of sth······的益处/优势 for the benefit of sb为了某人的利益 be of benefit to sb/ sth 对某人/某物有益 She didn't see the benefit of studying abroad. 她没看出出国留学的益处。 She gave a talk for the benefit of new workers. 她为了新员工的利益做了一次演讲。 This book is of great benefit to students. 这本书对学生非常有益。 知识点7：How many operations do you do during a visit?你们一次出诊期间会做多少台手术? 辨析: how many与 how much how many 后接可数名词复数，用来提问可数名词的数量多少 how much 后接不可数名词，用来提问不可数名词的量多少钱 对物品的价格进行提问 How many languages has she learnt so far? 到目前为止，她已经学习了多少种语言了? How much time do you usually spend reading every week?你每周通常花多少时间阅读? How much is a small bowl of beef noodles? 一小碗牛肉面多少钱? 知识点8：During my last visit,150 patients were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间,有150名患者接受了手术。 operate ①〔不及物动词〕动手术 operate on(给....)做手术 The doctor is operating on the girl. 医生正在给那个女孩做手术。 ②〔及物动词〕操作；(使)运转 It's hard for him to operate the machine.对他来说操作那台机器很难。 拓展 operation〔名词〕操作;手术 He stayed in the hospital for a week after the operation.手术后,他在医院住了一周。 知识点9：Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现代医学正在迅速发展，现在大多数眼部问题和疾病都可以得到治疗甚至治愈。 treat ①〔及物动词〕医治；治疗 treat sb for sth 因某种病症治疗某人 treat sb with sth 用某种药物或疗法治疗某人 The doctor treated my grandmother for her heart disease last year. 医生去年为我奶奶治疗了心脏病。 Doctors treated the patient with antibiotics. 医生用抗生素治疗这位病人。 ②〔及物动词〕以……方式对待 treat sb/ sth as/ like...把某人/某物当作…… Our teachers treat us as/ like their own children.我们的老师把我们当作他们自己的孩子。 ③〔及物动词〕招待；请(客) treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人;以某物款待某人 Let me treat you to some dumplings. 让我请你吃一些饺子吧。 ④〔名词〕款待；招待 Let's go out for lunch—— my treat. 咱们到外面去吃午饭吧————我请客。 Mrs Brown gave us a warm treat. 布朗夫人热情地招待了我们。 知识点10：Before the operation, I lived in darkness. 在手术之前，我生活在黑暗中。 (1) before ①〔介词〕在……之前 表示时间，后跟名词或动名词。与 before相对的词是 after,意为“在……之后”。 I usually run for exercise before breakfast. 早饭之前我通常跑步锻炼。 I must visit him before getting home。回家前我必须去看望他。 ②〔连词〕在……之前引导时间状语从句，与其相对的词是after(在……之后)，表示两个动作的先后顺序。 I finished my homework before I watched TV.我看电视前完成了家庭作业。 Wash your hands before you eat.你吃东西之前要洗手。 注意 当主句是一般将来时时， before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则。 (2) darkness〔不可数名词〕黑暗 由形容词 dark(黑暗的)加名词后缀-ness构成。 in darkness 在黑暗中 fall into darkness 陷入黑暗 We walked through the forest in darkness. 我们在黑暗中穿过森林。 When the power went out, the building fell into darkness immediately. 停电后，这座大楼瞬间陷入黑暗。 拓展 形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词有： kind→kindness(仁慈) good→goodness(善良) happy→ happiness(幸福) sad→sadness(悲伤) ill→illness(疾病) 知识点11：A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year.今年一月，一个小男孩在一场车祸中失明了。 blind〔及物动词〕使失明 句子的主语可以是人、事物或自然现象，宾语多为某人。 The accident blinded him in one eye. 那场事故使他的一只眼睛失明。 She was blinded in the explosion. 她在那场爆炸中双目失明了。 知识点12：In addition to helping patients directly,Orbis does many other things.除了直接帮助病人以外，奥比斯还做许多其他的事。 (1) in addition (to)除……以外(还) in addition 单独使用，不接任何成分，通常位于句首，后面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 in addition to 必须接具体的内容，可位于句首或句中， to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 We need to buy milk and bread. In addition,eggs are also on the shopping list.我们需要买牛奶和面包。另外，鸡蛋也在购物清单上。 In addition to English, they have to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他们还必须学习一门第二外语。 She spends two hours reading every day in addition to doing her homework. 除了做作业，她每天还花两小时阅读。 (2) directly〔副词〕直接 其形容词形式是 direct，意为“直接的”。 The train goes directly from Beijing to Shanghai without stopping. 这趟火车从北京直达上海，中途不停靠。 He drove her directly to her hotel. 他开车直接把她送到了她下榻的宾馆。 拓展大部分形容词直接在词尾加-ly构成副词。 quick→quickly(快速地) slow→slowly(缓慢地) clear→clearly(清晰地) loud→loudly(大声地) quiet→quietly(安静地) careful→carefully(仔细地) polite→politely(礼貌地) 知识点13：Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 传单被志愿者分发给街上的人们。 hand out 分发 They are handing out leaflets about environmental protection on the street. 他们正在街上分发关于环保的传单。 The volunteers handed out blankets to the homeless.志愿者们向无家可归者分发毛毯。 注意 hand out 是由“动词+ 副词”构成的短语，当宾语是名词时，既可放在 out后，也可放在 hand与 out 中间；当宾语是人称代词时,必须放在 hand与 out 中间。 The teacher has handed out the exam papers. = The teacher has handed the exam papers out.老师已经分发了试卷。 She handed them out. 她把它们分发出去了。 知识点14：It was founded in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. 它成立于 1919 年，旨在帮助为所有儿童创建一个更美好的未来。 aim ①〔动词〕力争做到，力求达到 aim at/ for sth 力争某事 aim to do sth力争做某事,旨在做某事 aim high树立高目标 We should aim at/ for a bigger share of the market.我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。 We aim to finish the work by Friday. 我们力争星期五之前完成这项工作。 Young people should aim high and work hard.年轻人要志存高远，努力奋斗。 ②〔动词〕瞄准 aim at sb/ sth 瞄准某人/某物 aim sth at sb用某物瞄准某人 You should aim at the target. 你应当瞄准目标。 The policeman aimed his gun at the criminal. 这名警察用枪对准了罪犯。 ③〔名词〕目的，目标 My main aim this year is to learn a new language.我今年的主要目标是学一门新语言。 知识点15：UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children and young people in difficult situations. 联合国儿童基金会于1946 年由联合国设立，旨在帮助处境困难的儿童和青少年。 set up 创办;建立;开办;设立;成立 其后常接表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词，如 school, hospital, government, company等。 They plan to set up a new company in Shanghai next year. 他们计划明年在上海设立一家新公司。 The government has set up a special team to deal with this problem. 政府已成立一个特别小组来处理该问题。 注意set up 是“动词+副词”型短语,名词作其宾语时放在 up 前后均可；人称代词作宾语时，放在 set与 up之间。 They set up a factory for making television sets.他们开办了一家制造电视机的工厂。 A study group is good for us. Let's set it up.学习小组对我们有益，让我们把它建立起来吧。 知识点16：Now UNICEF is a powerful champion of children's rights around the world. 如今,联合国儿童基金会是全球儿童权利的有力捍卫者。 right ①〔名词〕权利 have the right to do sth 有权做某事 have no right to do sth 无权做某事 Everyone has the right to receive education.每个人都有权接受教育。 You have no right to stop me from going there.你无权阻止我去那里。 ②〔名词〕右边；右方 on the right在右边 The bank is on the right after the supermarket. 过了超市，银行就在右边。 ③〔形容词〕正确的 What's the right way to solve this problem? 解决这个问题的正确方法是什么? ④〔形容词〕右边的 My bag is on the right side of the table.我的包在桌子的右边。 拓展 all right行;好 right away立即;马上 知识点17：Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children.此外,它与政府密切合作,制定帮助和保护儿童的方案。 辨析: besides, except, except for与 but besides 除……之外 (还有……) 指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 except 除……之外 (没有……) 着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物，表示一种排除关系，有“减去”之意 except for 除……之外 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用，且局部与整体不属于同类 but 除……之外 和 except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯上用于 no，nothing, nobody, any-thing等词之后 Besides English, she also speaks French and Spanish.除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。(包括英语在内) We are all here except/ but Tom. 除汤姆之外，我们都在这里了。(不包括 Tom) His speech is perfect except for a small mistake in pronunciation. 他的演讲很完美，除了一处发音小错误。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么都做不了。 知识点18：Through its great efforts, UNICEF is making great progress to create a better world for children.通过其巨大的努力，联合国儿童基金会在为儿童创造更美好的世界方面取得了巨大进展。 progress〔不可数名词〕进步，进展其前常用 great, good, much, some等词修饰。 make progress 取得进步 make progress in(doing) sth 在(做)某事方面取得进步 The boy has made great progress this year. 这个男孩今年进步很大。 David made much progress in learning English last term.上学期，戴维在学习英语方面取得了很大进步。 知识点19：During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF works with the WHO to protect children.在病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会与世界卫生组织合作来保护儿童。 spread (作动词时，其过去式和过去分词都是 spread) ①〔不可数名词〕传播，散布，扩展，蔓延 the spread of 的传播/蔓延 We must stop the spread of the disease.我们必须阻止这种疾病的传播。 ②〔动词〕传播，散布，蔓延，扩散 The disease spreads easily.这种疾病容易传播。 Water began to spread across the floor.水开始漫过地板。 ③〔动词〕展开，打开；张开；伸开 The bird spread its wings.鸟儿展开翅膀。 She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.她张开双臂，孩子向她跑来。 知识点20：Children in poor areas also miss out on jobs when they grow up because they have little chance to use modern technology.贫困地区的儿童长大后也会错失工作机会，因为他们很少有机会使用现代科技。 miss out(on)错失(机会) 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，强调因各种原因未能参与或获得某事物，带有“遗憾”的隐含语气。 She missed out on the concert because her train was late.因为火车晚点，她错过了那场音乐会。 He is very busy, so he misses out on spending time with his family.他非常忙，所以错过了和家人相处的时间。 重点语法详解 被动语态 1.语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转化： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 本单元的重点语法是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 一般现在时的被动语态 一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成，be动词的形式取决于主语，表示“...被做。”其常用的结构如下： 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）. 否定句：主语+am/is/are not+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）？ 特殊疑问词：疑问词+am/is/are+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）？ 注意如果不知道或没必要说明动作是由谁做的，可省略by+名词/代词。此外，用于被动语态的动词是及物动词（表状态的及物动词除外），如果用不及物动词，则要在不及物动词后带上相应的介词或副词。 Her grandmother is looked after by her.她的奶奶得到她的照顾。 I am not asked to read this passage.我没被要求读这段话。 Are these computers made in the U.S.A.这些计算机是美国制造的吗？ What is it made of？它是用什么制造的？ 点拨一般现在时的主动语态和被动语态的转换 （1）主动语态的主语变被动语态时要变成“by+主语（代词用宾格）”；主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态时要变为am/is/are+该动词的过去分词（be动词的形式取决于主语）；主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。记忆口诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 We often use a recorder in our English class.我们常常在我们的英语课上用录音机。 A recorder is often used in our English class by us.录音机常常在英语课上被我们使用。 （2）英语中有些及物动词，诸如give和teach等，可接双宾语。把含有这些词的句子变为被动语态时，被动语态既可用人作主语，又可用物作主语。 Tom gives me a book.=Tom gives a book to me.汤姆给了我一本书。 被动语态为：A book is given to me by Tom. I am given a book by Tom. （3）一些短语，诸如break out（爆发），sell well（畅销），belong to（属于），come out（出版）等等，没有被动语态结构。 He was 29 when war broke out.战争爆发时他才29岁。 This book sells well.这本书销量好。 Which door does this key belong to?这是哪个门的钥匙? Will the book come out this week. 这本书本周出版吗？ 随堂训练 1.—The Underground Line3 in Nantong ________ to come into service in the coming years. —That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us. A．will be expected B．is expected C．is expecting D．expects 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——南通地铁三号线预计在未来几年内投入服务运营。——太好了！我们的出行将会方便许多。 考查动词的时态和被动语态。主语“The Underground Line3 ”与谓语动词“expect”为被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be + 过去分词”。根据“in the coming years”可知，表示的是现在对未来情况的预计，所以用一般现在时表将来 ，be动词用is。故选B。 2.—May I go to the cinema with Tom tomorrow, Mum? —Of course, if your homework ________ by then. A．finishes B．was finished C．is finished D．will be finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我明天可以和汤姆去看电影吗？——当然可以，如果到那时你的作业已经完成了的话。 考查动词时态和语态辨析。“homework”（作业）与“finish”（完成）之间是被动关系，即“作业被完成”，需要使用被动语态，且本句是由“if”引导的条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”的语法规则，从句需用一般现在时，“is finished”表示一般现在时被动语态。故选C。 3.—Mum, may I watch TV for a while? —As soon as your homework ________, you can. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以看一会儿电视吗？——你的作业一完成，你就可以看。 考查被动语态。根据“As soon as your homework…, you can.”可知，此处是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，从句用一般现在时，排除B和C；又因为主语“your homework”和谓语动词“finish”之间是被动关系，表示“作业被完成”，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态is finished。故选D。 4.—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的项目完成了吗？——现在还没有。如果再给我十分钟，我会完成的。 考查if引导的条件状语从句和一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Not yet. I’ll finish it if I...ten more minutes.”可知这里是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以从句要用一般现在时，故排除B、C选项。又因为句子主语是I，是动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态，被动语态的结构为“be动词+动词的过去分词”。故选D。 5.—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看江苏足球城际联赛？——直到明天工作完成。 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，答句的完整句子是“We shall not go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League until the work...tomorrow.”，until引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主语“the work”和动词finish是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done。故选A。 一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态结构由“was/were+过去分词”构成，was和were由主语的单复数决定，表示动作在过去的时间里被做。其常用句型如下： 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）. They were beaten.他们被打了。 否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）. This speech was not delivered by Mr He这个演讲不是何先生发表的。 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）? 答语：Yes，主语+was/were。No，主语+was/weren’t。 Was the song composed by a soldier? 这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗? Yes，it was./No, it wasn’t.是的。/不是的。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）？ What was it made of？它是用什么制成的？ It was made of silk. 它是用丝绸制成的。 注意一般过去时的主动语态和被动语态的转换 主动语态的主语要变为被动语态中的by+主动语态的主语（人称代词变宾格）。主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态要用was/were+动词的过去分词。主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。 That man killed two women in the morning.那个男人早上杀了两名女士。 Two women were killed by that man in the morning.两名女士早上被那个男人杀死了。 易错 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to. 例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park. 随堂训练 1.Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马铃薯在16世纪被带到欧洲，很快在欧洲各地得到了广泛的应用。 考查动词时态及语态。Potatoes与动词take之间是被动关系，即：马铃薯被带到欧洲；根据“in the 1500s”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done。故选D。 2.London used to be ________ “Foggy City” because there were many foggy days. A．made B．called C．making D．calling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：伦敦过去被称为“雾都”，因为有很多雾天。 考查动词辨析和被动语态。 call称作；make制作，使。根据“‘Foggy City’ because there were many foggy days”可知，被称为“雾都”。主语为London，与动词call是动宾关系，用被动语态。故选B。 3.Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于暴雨，青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。 考查被动语态和时态。根据“visitors in Qingdao...to stay away from the beach yesterday”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语visitors是复数，be动词用were。故选C。 4.All the runners ________ after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race. A．tired out B．were tied to C．were tired out D．are tiring out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：马拉松比赛结束后，所有的跑者都筋疲力尽了。 考查短语辨析。tired out使筋疲力尽；were tied to被绑定到；were tired out筋疲力尽的；are tiring out累了，时态错误。根据“All the runners…after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race.”可知此处描述的是跑步者的状态是“筋疲力尽的”，需要用被动，故选C。 5.—Did Robert get that job? —No. He ________ because he had no working experience. A．refuses B．refused C．has refused D．was refused 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——罗伯特得到那份工作了吗？——没有。他因为没有工作经验而被拒绝了。 考查被动语态及时态。refuses拒绝，三单形式；refused过去式和过去分词形式；has refused现在完成时结构；was refused 一般过去时的被动语态结构。根据语境可知，“He”和“refuse”之间是被动关系，即他是“被拒绝”的，且问句中“Did”表明事情发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”，“refuse”的过去分词是“refused”，所以应填“was refused”。故选D。 写作详解 本单元的主题是“慈善组织”,要求学生介绍一个慈善组织以及该组织的主要工作,呼吁人们为慈善事业做贡献。与此相关的写作维度有:①慈善组织的相关信息;②慈善组织是如何帮助有困难的人的;③我们可以为慈善事业做些什么。 　　中考书面表达与此相关的命题形式有很多,如:新闻报道、演讲稿、经历分享等。 写作实例 　　仁者爱人是中华民族的传统美德。9月5日是国际慈善日,你校为了宣传慈善,打算在假期以“Willing Hands, Willing Hearts”为主题开展演讲大赛。假设你是李华,打算参加此次比赛,谈谈你对慈善的认知和你的打算,请根据以下要点提示,写一篇英文演讲稿,要点如下: 1.What kind of charity do you want to introduce? 2.What can you do for this charity? 3.Why do we need to help people in need? (参考慈善机构:Project Hope, Orbis, Oxfam, UNICEF, WWF) 注意事项: 1.演讲稿须包括所给提示内容,可适当发挥,要求语句通顺,意思连贯; 2.词数不少于90,演讲稿的标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数; 3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Willing Hands, Willing Hearts Kindness is catching. There are many charities around the world. Among them, I want to talk about 审题指导 1.体裁:应用文(演讲稿)    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:第一人称和第三人称 4.必备词句: （1）help do sth. 帮忙做某事　 （2）for example例如     （3）provide sth. for sb./offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物　 （4）be ready to do sth. 乐于做某事　 （5）give a helping hand to... 向……伸出援手　 （6）make a big difference产生很大的影响　 （7）比较级+than ever比以往任何时候都更……　 （8）a sense of belonging归属感　 （9）not just...but...不仅仅……还……　 （10）think it+adj.+to do sth.认为做某事是……的　 （11）left-behind children留守儿童 （12）What's more, I want to teach in mountain areas when I grow up.而且,我想长大后在山区任教。 （13）Anyone who wants to try volunteer tourism should think care-fully about how they can use their knowledge and skills to help others.任何想要尝试志愿旅游的人都应该仔细思考如何利用自己的知识和技能去帮助他人。　（14）Sometimes, it's a quiet lantern—shared between the two, and shining in both directions.有时,它是一盏无声的灯笼——由两人共持,光芒向两方闪耀。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 Willing Hands, Willing Hearts Kindness is catching. There are many charities around the world. Among them, I want to talk about UNICEF. It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world. For example, it provides basic education for our next generation in poor areas, and it also offers food and clothes to them. 　　I'm ready to give a helping hand to the children in need. I would like to send warm clothes and new books to them. I can also donate my pocket money. What's more, I want to teach in mountain areas when I grow up. Just like a smile, a small act of kindness can be spread from person to person, making our world warmer.Little help can make a big difference. Helping others can make us feel better about our life. 随堂训练 上个月，你校开展了“献爱心，慈善行”活动。在活动中你了解到世界上有许多慈善机构，有的是为了帮助儿童和贫困地区的人，有的是致力于保护动物或自然环境。你还发现……也需要帮助（保护）。因此，你想创立一个小型慈善组织。请你根据下面英文提示，用英语写一篇80个词左右的演讲稿。 注意： 1.不要出现真实的校名和姓名；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 A．What is the name of your charity? B．Does your charity have a logo? If it does, what does it look like? C． Why do you want to set up your charity? D．What can your classmates do to help your charity? E. Ask your classmate to support you. Dear classmates, There are many charities around the world. Some help children and people in poor areas, while others work to protect animals and the environment. I would also set up a small charity to    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear classmates, There are many charities around the world. Some help children and people in poor areas, while others work to protect animals and the environment. I would also set up a small charity to help the blind people. The name of my charity is Read for the Blind, and my charity has a beautiful logo. The logo is made up of a circle and a book, and the book is in the center of the circle. The reason I set up this charity is that I want to help these blind people enjoy the pleasure that books bring. And I believe with our help, they can not only get knowledge from books, but also enjoy themselves. I hope you can donate your books to my charity and take part in my charity to read books for the blind every week. Dear classmates, I believe that as long as you take part in it, you will improve yourselves while helping others. That’s all. Thank you. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Charities 单元复习 词句背默清单 重点单词 1.创建;创立 _________________ 2.治好（疾病）;治愈 _________________ 3.能做,买得起 _________________ 4.培训,训练 _________________ 5.得益于,得利于;使受益 _________________ 6.动手术 _________________ 7.医治;以……方式对待_________________ 8.组织,机构 _________________ 9.嘴唇 _________________ 10.采访者_________________ 11.十亿 _________________ 12.治疗 _________________ 13.目的,目标_________________ 14.病人 _________________ 15.眼睛保健 _________________ 16.采访,访谈;面试_________________ 17.黑暗 _________________ 18.医疗的_________________ 19.感激的 _________________ 20. 而且,此外 _________________ 21. 使失明 _________________ 22. 力争做到;瞄准 _________________ 23. 增加;增加物 _________________ 24. 传单,小册子 _________________ 25. 优势,益处,成效 _________________ 26. 捍卫者,声援者,拥护者;冠军 _________________ 27. 权利 _________________ 28.（医疗）服务 _________________ 29. 进步,进展 _________________ 30. 传播,散布,扩展,蔓延 _________________ 31. 病毒 _________________ 32. 战争;斗争 _________________ 33. 有影响力的 _________________ 34. 直接 _________________ 词汇拓展 1. medicine（n. 药）—（adj. 医疗的）__________ 2. organize（v. 组织）—（n. 组织）__________ 3. interview（v. 采访）—（n. 采访者）__________ 4. cure（v. 治好）—（n. 治愈）__________ 5. treat（v. 医治）—（n. 治疗）__________ 6. patient（adj. 耐心的）—（n. 病人）__________ 7. afford（v. 买得起）—（adj. 负担得起的）__________ 8. benefit（v. 受益）—（n. 益处）__________ 9. operate（v. 动手术）—（n. 手术）__________ 10. grateful（adj. 感激的）—（adv. 感激地）__________ 重点短语 1.无国界医生_________________ 2.听说 _________________ 3.以……为目的 _________________ 4.做手术 _________________ 5.负担得起做某事 _________________ 6.去医院看病 _________________ 7.在飞机上（或船上、火车上） _________________ 8.从……中受益_________________ 9.（给……）做手术 _________________ 10.继续做 _________________ 11.向某人表示感谢 _________________ 12. 除……以外（还）_________________ 13. 在……的帮助下 _________________ 14. 分发_________________ 15. 力争做某事 _________________ 16. 作出努力 _________________ 17. 建立 _________________ 18. 及时 _________________ 19. 取得进展 _________________ 20. 做某事有困难_________________ 21. 错失（机会）_________________ 重点句子 1.数以百万计的儿童出生时就有唇部问题。 ______________________________________________________________ 2.然而,许多人负担不起医疗费用。 _____________________________________________________________ 3.我们的很多病人负担不起来医院看病的费用,所以我们只好上门为他们看病。 ____________________________________________________________ 4.我们为能够帮助人们恢复视力感到自豪。 _____________________________________________________________ 5.去年我的眼疾治好了,这为我的生活带来了光明和色彩。 ______________________________________________________________ 6.现在,我生活中的许多事情都改善了。 _______________________________________________________________ 7. 志愿者们把传单分发给街上的人们。 ________________________________________________________ 8. 它(救助儿童会)成立于1919年,旨在帮助为所有孩子创建一个更美好的未来。 _____________________________________________________________ 9. 但需要帮助与支持的并非只有人类。 ___________________________________________________________ 10. 此外,它与政府紧密协作,制订旨在援助和保护儿童的方案。 _____________________________________________________________ 11. 他们甚至难以获得生活必需品。 _____________________________________________________________ 12. 我知道它是我们历史最悠久的慈善机构之一,但它主要做哪些工作？ ______________________________________________________________ 13. 自从成立以来,它做了很多令人称赞的事情。 ______________________________________________________________ 14. 他希望村里所有的孩子都学会读书写字。 ____________________________________________________________ 15. 它的标志展现了中国人民对和谐与美好生活的期望。 ____________________________________________________________ 重点知识详解 知识点1：It was founded in 1982.它成立于 1982 年。 found〔及物动词〕创建；建立 通常指创建组织或机构等。 He a new charity last year. 他去年创办了一家新的慈善机构。 The Communist Party of China was in 1921. 中国共产党成立于 1921 年。 注意 found 也是 find 的过去式和过去分词，意为“发现，找到”。 She her keys on the table yesterday. 昨天她在桌子上找到了钥匙。 Look what I' ve ！看我发现了什么！ 知识点2：There are about 6,000 medical volunteers in this organization.该组织有大约 6 000 名医疗志愿者。 medical〔形容词〕医疗的；医学的在句中多作定语。 China is offering a lot of help to the world.中国正在向世界提供大量医疗救助。 He is studying in a college. 他正在一所医学院学习。 拓展 medicine〔名词〕医学；药 Chinese is very popular in western countries now. 现在中医在西方国家很受欢迎。 知识点3：Over one billion people around the world are suffering from different kinds of eye problems, and about 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.全球有超过十亿人正遭受着各类眼疾的困扰，其中约 90%的病例是可以预防或治愈的。 (1)billion 〔名词〕十亿 ①billion 与基数词连用时表示确切的数目，billion 后不加-s，且不与 of连用。 two people 二十亿人 ②billions of数十亿的 表示不确切的数目，前面不能再加基数词。 of stars shine in the night sky. 夜空中闪耀着数十亿颗星星。 拓展与 billion 用法类似的词还有 hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万)。 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词 的用法 模糊数字两有(有s有 of)； 具体数字两无(无s无 of)。 (2)百分数 90 per cent of…意为“90%的……”， per cent意为“百分之……”，常以单数形式出现，前面为基数词，即：基数词+ per cent of。在美式英语中， per cent 常拼写为 percent。 70 per cent of the land here covered with forests.这里70%的土地被森林覆盖。 About 60 per cent of students in this class joined the school sports club.这个班约60%的学生加入了学校体育社团。 注意“基数词+ per cent of+名词”作-主语时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数，谓语动词一般用复数形式；名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。 (3) cure ①〔及物动词〕治好(疾病)；治愈 cure sb of sth治好某人的……病 Modern medicine can now many diseases. 现代医学如今能治愈许多疾病。 The special medicine him of his headache. 这种特别的药治好了他的头痛。 ②〔名词〕治疗；疗法；疗程；药物 cure for… …的疗法 Scientists are still working to find a cure this disease.科学家仍在努力寻找这种病的治疗方法。 The took six weeks. 此疗程花了六个星期。 知识点4：Orbis's Flying Eye Hospital Project was started in 1982 with the aim of helping patients in poor areas. 奥比斯的“眼科飞机医院”项目始于 1982 年，旨在帮助贫困地区的病人。 patient ①〔可数名词〕病人 The has just had an eye operation. 这位病人刚刚做了眼部手术。 ②〔形容词〕能忍耐的，有耐心的 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 You need to be if you want to learn a new language well. 如果想学好一门新语言，你需要有耐心。 She is always patient her students when they ask questions.当学生们提问时,她对他们总是很有耐心。 一言辨异 The nurse is with her . 那名护士对她的病人很有耐心。 知识点5：Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.我们的许多病人负担不起去医院看病的费用，所以我们必须主动去找他们。 (1) afford〔及物动词〕能做,买得起 后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，多用于否定句或疑问句中,常与 can, could, be able to 连用。 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 The house is so expensive that I can't it.这栋房子这么贵，我买不起。 She can't to pay for her daughter's education.她负担不起她女儿的教育费用。 (2) go to hospital 去医院看病 侧重表示“去医院就医”这一行为，强调“看病、接受治疗”的目的，不特指某一家医院。 I have a high fever and need to go to this afternoon. 我发高烧了，今天下午需要去医院看病。 If your stomachache doesn't stop, you should go to immediately. 如果你的胃痛一直没停，你应该马上去医院看病。 注意 如果表示去某一家医院，要在- hospital 前加定冠词 the,即 go to the hospital。 = I need to go to the to visit my friend. 我要去那家医院看望朋友。 知识点6：By training them, we hope more people will benefit from this. 通过培训他们,我们希望更多人会从中受益。 (1) train ①〔及物动词〕培训，训练 train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事 We should students to behave politely. 我们应该训练学生表现得有礼貌。 ②〔不及物动词〕培训，训练 He's for the marathon next month. 他正在为下个月的马拉松赛跑训练。 ③〔可数名词〕火车 We met on a to Paris last summer. 去年夏天我们在去巴黎的火车上认识的。 拓展 training〔不可数名词〕训练,培训Before work, we should receive training.工作前，我们应接受培训。 (2) benefit ①〔不及物动词〕得益于，得利于 benefit from/ by sth意为“从……中受益”,主语可以是人或事物。 She greatly from her year abroad. 她在国外的一年里获益良多。 The company has by the new technology. 这家公司已从新技术中获益。 ②〔及物动词〕使受益 benefit sb/ sth意为“使……受益”,主语通常是事物或行为。 Drinking more milk your health.多喝牛奶对你的健康有益。 ③〔名词〕优势，益处，成效 the benefit of sth······的益处/优势 for the benefit of sb为了某人的利益 be of benefit to sb/ sth 对某人/某物有益 She didn't see the benefit studying abroad. 她没看出出国留学的益处。 She gave a talk for the benefit new workers. 她为了新员工的利益做了一次演讲。 This book is of great benefit students. 这本书对学生非常有益。 知识点7：How many operations do you do during a visit?你们一次出诊期间会做多少台手术? 辨析: how many与 how much how many 后接可数名词复数，用来提问可数名词的数量多少 how much 后接不可数名词，用来提问不可数名词的量多少钱 对物品的价格进行提问 How languages has she learnt so far? 到目前为止，她已经学习了多少种语言了? How time do you usually spend reading every week?你每周通常花多少时间阅读? How is a small bowl of beef noodles? 一小碗牛肉面多少钱? 知识点8：During my last visit,150 patients were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间,有150名患者接受了手术。 operate ①〔不及物动词〕动手术 operate on(给....)做手术 The doctor is on the girl. 医生正在给那个女孩做手术。 ②〔及物动词〕操作；(使)运转 It's hard for him to the machine.对他来说操作那台机器很难。 拓展 operation〔名词〕操作;手术 He stayed in the hospital for a week after the .手术后,他在医院住了一周。 知识点9：Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现代医学正在迅速发展，现在大多数眼部问题和疾病都可以得到治疗甚至治愈。 treat ①〔及物动词〕医治；治疗 treat sb for sth 因某种病症治疗某人 treat sb with sth 用某种药物或疗法治疗某人 The doctor my grandmother for her heart disease last year. 医生去年为我奶奶治疗了心脏病。 Doctors the patient with antibiotics. 医生用抗生素治疗这位病人。 ②〔及物动词〕以……方式对待 treat sb/ sth as/ like...把某人/某物当作…… Our teachers treat us their own children.我们的老师把我们当作他们自己的孩子。 ③〔及物动词〕招待；请(客) treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人;以某物款待某人 Let me you to some dumplings. 让我请你吃一些饺子吧。 ④〔名词〕款待；招待 Let's go out for lunch—— my . 咱们到外面去吃午饭吧————我请客。 Mrs Brown gave us a warm . 布朗夫人热情地招待了我们。 知识点10：Before the operation, I lived in darkness. 在手术之前，我生活在黑暗中。 (1) before ①〔介词〕在……之前 表示时间，后跟名词或动名词。与 before相对的词是 after,意为“在……之后”。 I usually run for exercise breakfast. 早饭之前我通常跑步锻炼。 I must visit him before home。回家前我必须去看望他。 ②〔连词〕在……之前引导时间状语从句，与其相对的词是after(在……之后)，表示两个动作的先后顺序。 I finished my homework I watched TV.我看电视前完成了家庭作业。 Wash your hands you eat.你吃东西之前要洗手。 注意 当主句是一般将来时时， before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则。 (2) darkness〔不可数名词〕黑暗 由形容词 dark(黑暗的)加名词后缀-ness构成。 in darkness 在黑暗中 fall into darkness 陷入黑暗 We walked through the forest darkness. 我们在黑暗中穿过森林。 When the power went out, the building fell darkness immediately. 停电后，这座大楼瞬间陷入黑暗。 拓展 形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词有： kind→ (仁慈) good→ (善良) happy→ (幸福) sad→ (悲伤) ill→ (疾病) 知识点11：A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year.今年一月，一个小男孩在一场车祸中失明了。 blind〔及物动词〕使失明 句子的主语可以是人、事物或自然现象，宾语多为某人。 The accident him in one eye. 那场事故使他的一只眼睛失明。 She was in the explosion. 她在那场爆炸中双目失明了。 知识点12：In addition to helping patients directly,Orbis does many other things.除了直接帮助病人以外，奥比斯还做许多其他的事。 (1) in addition (to)除……以外(还) in addition 单独使用，不接任何成分，通常位于句首，后面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 in addition to 必须接具体的内容，可位于句首或句中， to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 We need to buy milk and bread. In ,eggs are also on the shopping list.我们需要买牛奶和面包。另外，鸡蛋也在购物清单上。 In to English, they have to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他们还必须学习一门第二外语。 She spends two hours reading every day in addition doing her homework. 除了做作业，她每天还花两小时阅读。 (2) directly〔副词〕直接 其形容词形式是 direct，意为“直接的”。 The train goes directly from Beijing to Shanghai without stopping. 这趟火车从北京直达上海，中途不停靠。 He drove her directly to her hotel. 他开车直接把她送到了她下榻的宾馆。 拓展大部分形容词直接在词尾加-ly构成副词。 quick→ (快速地) slow→ (缓慢地) clear→ (清晰地) loud→ (大声地) quiet→ (安静地) careful→ (仔细地) polite→ (礼貌地) 知识点13：Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 传单被志愿者分发给街上的人们。 hand out 分发 They are handing leaflets about environmental protection on the street. 他们正在街上分发关于环保的传单。 The volunteers out blankets to the homeless.志愿者们向无家可归者分发毛毯。 注意 hand out 是由“动词+ 副词”构成的短语，当宾语是名词时，既可放在 out后，也可放在 hand与 out 中间；当宾语是人称代词时,必须放在 hand与 out 中间。 The teacher has handed out the exam papers. = The teacher has handed the exam papers .老师已经分发了试卷。 She handed them . 她把它们分发出去了。 知识点14：It was founded in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. 它成立于 1919 年，旨在帮助为所有儿童创建一个更美好的未来。 aim ①〔动词〕力争做到，力求达到 aim at/ for sth 力争某事 aim to do sth力争做某事,旨在做某事 aim high树立高目标 We should aim a bigger share of the market.我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。 We aim finish the work by Friday. 我们力争星期五之前完成这项工作。 Young people should high and work hard.年轻人要志存高远，努力奋斗。 ②〔动词〕瞄准 aim at sb/ sth 瞄准某人/某物 aim sth at sb用某物瞄准某人 You should aim the target. 你应当瞄准目标。 The policeman his gun at the criminal. 这名警察用枪对准了罪犯。 ③〔名词〕目的，目标 My main this year is to learn a new language.我今年的主要目标是学一门新语言。 知识点15：UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children and young people in difficult situations. 联合国儿童基金会于1946 年由联合国设立，旨在帮助处境困难的儿童和青少年。 set up 创办;建立;开办;设立;成立 其后常接表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词，如 school, hospital, government, company等。 They plan to a new company in Shanghai next year. 他们计划明年在上海设立一家新公司。 The government has a special team to deal with this problem. 政府已成立一个特别小组来处理该问题。 注意set up 是“动词+副词”型短语,名词作其宾语时放在 up 前后均可；人称代词作宾语时，放在 set与 up之间。 They set a factory for making television sets.他们开办了一家制造电视机的工厂。 A study group is good for us. Let's .学习小组对我们有益，让我们把它建立起来吧。 知识点16：Now UNICEF is a powerful champion of children's rights around the world. 如今,联合国儿童基金会是全球儿童权利的有力捍卫者。 right ①〔名词〕权利 have the right to do sth 有权做某事 have no right to do sth 无权做某事 Everyone has the right receive education.每个人都有权接受教育。 You have right to stop me from going there.你无权阻止我去那里。 ②〔名词〕右边；右方 on the right在右边 The bank is the right after the supermarket. 过了超市，银行就在右边。 ③〔形容词〕正确的 What's the right to solve this problem? 解决这个问题的正确方法是什么? ④〔形容词〕右边的 My bag is the right side of the table.我的包在桌子的右边。 拓展 all right行;好 right away立即;马上 知识点17：Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children.此外,它与政府密切合作,制定帮助和保护儿童的方案。 辨析: besides, except, except for与 but besides 除……之外 (还有……) 指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 except 除……之外 (没有……) 着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物，表示一种排除关系，有“减去”之意 except for 除……之外 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用，且局部与整体不属于同类 but 除……之外 和 except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯上用于 no，nothing, nobody, any-thing等词之后 English, she also speaks French and Spanish.除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。(包括英语在内) We are all here Tom. 除汤姆之外，我们都在这里了。(不包括 Tom) His speech is perfect except a small mistake in pronunciation. 他的演讲很完美，除了一处发音小错误。 She could do nothing cry. 她除了哭什么都做不了。 知识点18：Through its great efforts, UNICEF is making great progress to create a better world for children.通过其巨大的努力，联合国儿童基金会在为儿童创造更美好的世界方面取得了巨大进展。 progress〔不可数名词〕进步，进展其前常用 great, good, much, some等词修饰。 make progress 取得进步 make progress in(doing) sth 在(做)某事方面取得进步 The boy has made great this year. 这个男孩今年进步很大。 David made much in learning English last term.上学期，戴维在学习英语方面取得了很大进步。 知识点19：During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF works with the WHO to protect children.在病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会与世界卫生组织合作来保护儿童。 spread (作动词时，其过去式和过去分词都是 spread) ①〔不可数名词〕传播，散布，扩展，蔓延 the spread of 的传播/蔓延 We must stop the of the disease.我们必须阻止这种疾病的传播。 ②〔动词〕传播，散布，蔓延，扩散 The disease easily.这种疾病容易传播。 Water began to across the floor.水开始漫过地板。 ③〔动词〕展开，打开；张开；伸开 The bird its wings.鸟儿展开翅膀。 She her arms and the child ran towards her.她张开双臂，孩子向她跑来。 知识点20：Children in poor areas also miss out on jobs when they grow up because they have little chance to use modern technology.贫困地区的儿童长大后也会错失工作机会，因为他们很少有机会使用现代科技。 miss out(on)错失(机会) 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，强调因各种原因未能参与或获得某事物，带有“遗憾”的隐含语气。 She missed on the concert because her train was late.因为火车晚点，她错过了那场音乐会。 He is very busy, so he misses out spending time with his family.他非常忙，所以错过了和家人相处的时间。 重点语法详解 被动语态 1.语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转化： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 本单元的重点语法是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 一般现在时的被动语态 一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成，be动词的形式取决于主语，表示“...被做。”其常用的结构如下： 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）. 否定句：主语+am/is/are not+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）？ 特殊疑问词：疑问词+am/is/are+过去分词+（by+名词/代词）？ 注意如果不知道或没必要说明动作是由谁做的，可省略by+名词/代词。此外，用于被动语态的动词是及物动词（表状态的及物动词除外），如果用不及物动词，则要在不及物动词后带上相应的介词或副词。 Her grandmother is after by her.她的奶奶得到她的照顾。 I am not to read this passage.我没被要求读这段话。 Are these computers in the U.S.A.这些计算机是美国制造的吗？ What is it of？它是用什么制造的？ 点拨一般现在时的主动语态和被动语态的转换 （1）主动语态的主语变被动语态时要变成“by+主语（代词用宾格）”；主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态时要变为am/is/are+该动词的过去分词（be动词的形式取决于主语）；主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。记忆口诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 We often use a recorder in our English class.我们常常在我们的英语课上用录音机。 A recorder is often in our English class by us.录音机常常在英语课上被我们使用。 （2）英语中有些及物动词，诸如give和teach等，可接双宾语。把含有这些词的句子变为被动语态时，被动语态既可用人作主语，又可用物作主语。 Tom gives me a book.=Tom gives a book to me.汤姆给了我一本书。 被动语态为：A book is given to me by Tom. I am given a book by Tom. （3）一些短语，诸如break out（爆发），sell well（畅销），belong to（属于），come out（出版）等等，没有被动语态结构。 He was 29 when war broke out.战争爆发时他才29岁。 This book sells well.这本书销量好。 Which door does this key belong to?这是哪个门的钥匙? Will the book come out this week. 这本书本周出版吗？ 随堂训练 1.—The Underground Line3 in Nantong ________ to come into service in the coming years. —That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us. A．will be expected B．is expected C．is expecting D．expects 2.—May I go to the cinema with Tom tomorrow, Mum? —Of course, if your homework ________ by then. A．finishes B．was finished C．is finished D．will be finished 3.—Mum, may I watch TV for a while? —As soon as your homework ________, you can. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 4.—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given 5.—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished 一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态结构由“was/were+过去分词”构成，was和were由主语的单复数决定，表示动作在过去的时间里被做。其常用句型如下： 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）. They were beaten.他们被打了。 否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）. This speech was not delivered by Mr He这个演讲不是何先生发表的。 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）? 答语：Yes，主语+was/were。No，主语+was/weren’t。 Was the song composed by a soldier? 这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗? Yes，it was./No, it wasn’t.是的。/不是的。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+（by+名词/代词）？ What was it made of？它是用什么制成的？ It was made of silk. 它是用丝绸制成的。 注意一般过去时的主动语态和被动语态的转换 主动语态的主语要变为被动语态中的by+主动语态的主语（人称代词变宾格）。主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态要用was/were+动词的过去分词。主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。 That man two women in the morning.那个男人早上杀了两名女士。 Two women were by that man in the morning.两名女士早上被那个男人杀死了。 易错 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to. 例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park. 随堂训练 1.Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 2.London used to be ________ “Foggy City” because there were many foggy days. A．made B．called C．making D．calling 3.Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 4.All the runners ________ after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race. A．tired out B．were tied to C．were tired out D．are tiring out 5.—Did Robert get that job? —No. He ________ because he had no working experience. A．refuses B．refused C．has refused D．was refused 写作详解 本单元的主题是“慈善组织”,要求学生介绍一个慈善组织以及该组织的主要工作,呼吁人们为慈善事业做贡献。与此相关的写作维度有:①慈善组织的相关信息;②慈善组织是如何帮助有困难的人的;③我们可以为慈善事业做些什么。 　　中考书面表达与此相关的命题形式有很多,如:新闻报道、演讲稿、经历分享等。 写作实例 　　仁者爱人是中华民族的传统美德。9月5日是国际慈善日,你校为了宣传慈善,打算在假期以“Willing Hands, Willing Hearts”为主题开展演讲大赛。假设你是李华,打算参加此次比赛,谈谈你对慈善的认知和你的打算,请根据以下要点提示,写一篇英文演讲稿,要点如下: 1.What kind of charity do you want to introduce? 2.What can you do for this charity? 3.Why do we need to help people in need? (参考慈善机构:Project Hope, Orbis, Oxfam, UNICEF, WWF) 注意事项: 1.演讲稿须包括所给提示内容,可适当发挥,要求语句通顺,意思连贯; 2.词数不少于90,演讲稿的标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数; 3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Willing Hands, Willing Hearts Kindness is catching. There are many charities around the world. Among them, I want to talk about 审题指导 1.体裁:应用文(演讲稿)    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:第一人称和第三人称 4.必备词句: （1）help do sth. 帮忙做某事　 （2）for example例如     （3）provide sth. for sb./offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物　 （4）be ready to do sth. 乐于做某事　 （5）give a helping hand to... 向……伸出援手　 （6）make a big difference产生很大的影响　 （7）比较级+than ever比以往任何时候都更……　 （8）a sense of belonging归属感　 （9）not just...but...不仅仅……还……　 （10）think it+adj.+to do sth.认为做某事是……的　 （11）left-behind children留守儿童 （12）What's more, I want to teach in mountain areas when I grow up.而且,我想长大后在山区任教。 （13）Anyone who wants to try volunteer tourism should think care-fully about how they can use their knowledge and skills to help others.任何想要尝试志愿旅游的人都应该仔细思考如何利用自己的知识和技能去帮助他人。　（14）Sometimes, it's a quiet lantern—shared between the two, and shining in both directions.有时,它是一盏无声的灯笼——由两人共持,光芒向两方闪耀。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 Willing Hands, Willing Hearts Kindness is catching. There are many charities around the world. Among them, I want to talk about UNICEF. 随堂训练 上个月，你校开展了“献爱心，慈善行”活动。在活动中你了解到世界上有许多慈善机构，有的是为了帮助儿童和贫困地区的人，有的是致力于保护动物或自然环境。你还发现……也需要帮助（保护）。因此，你想创立一个小型慈善组织。请你根据下面英文提示，用英语写一篇80个词左右的演讲稿。 注意： 1.不要出现真实的校名和姓名；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 A．What is the name of your charity? B．Does your charity have a logo? If it does, what does it look like? C． Why do you want to set up your charity? D．What can your classmates do to help your charity? E. Ask your classmate to support you. Dear classmates, There are many charities around the world. Some help children and people in poor areas, while others work to protect animals and the environment. I would also set up a small charity to    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $