Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A（导学案）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A 1.掌握Unit 8 Section A部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. visitor n.参观者;来访者 2. elderly adj.年纪较大的,上了年纪的 3. organization n.组织;团体;机构 4. stadium n.体育馆;运动场 5. provide v.提供;给予 6. owner n.主人;物主 7. cage n.笼子 8 .donation n.捐赠物;捐赠 9. interviewer n.面试官;采访者 10. shelter n.庇护所;居所 11. youth n.青年;青年时期 12. active adj.活跃的;积极的 13. army n.军队 14. primary adj小学教育的;首要的 15. charity n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业 16. warmly adv.热情地;温暖地 · 短语： 1.make a difference产生影响;起作用 2.clean up清理;打扫干净 3.give directions指路;给出指示 4.guide visitors 引导访客 5.plant trees 种树 6. visit the elderly 看望老人 7.sort waste 垃圾分类 8.excuse me打扰一下;对不起 9.pickup捡起;拾起 10.look after 照顾;照料 11.feed animals喂动物 12.take care of 照顾;照料 13.collect donations 收集捐赠物 14.walk dogs遛狗 15.animal shelter 动物收容所 16.summer holiday 署假 17.a nursing home 养老院 18. play Chinese chess下中国象棋 19.care for关心;照顾 20.share with 和...分享 21.come along 一起来;出现 22.feed animals 喂动物 23.sweep leaves扫落叶 24. talk with patients和病人交谈 25.for a long time 很长一段时间 26.a number of 许多;大量 27.a lot of许多;大量 28.join the organization 加入组织 29.primary school 小学 30.help out帮忙;协助 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 · 句型： 1.Excuse me, are you a volunteer here? 打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗? 2.I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 3.I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35. 我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 4.I think it's our duty to look after it.我认为保护它是我们的责任。 5.How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了? --I've been a volunteer for.我已经当了... 6.Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗? 7.Sometimes I play Chinese chess with them.有时我会和他们下中国象棋。 8.I've even taught some of them how to use a mobile phone. 我甚至教过他们中的一些人如何使用手机。 9.I have been a member of the Red Gross for six years. 我已经是红十字会成员六年了。 2.掌握现在完成时for 和since的用法。 一、单词默写 1.  adj.年纪较大的上了年纪的 2. n.组织;团体;机构 3.  v.提供;给予 4. n.捐赠物;捐赠 5. n.面试官;采访者 6.  n.庇护所;居所 7. adj.活跃的;积极的 8. adj小学教育的;首要的 9. n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业 10. adv.热情地;温暖地 【答案】1.  elderly 2.organization 3. provide 4.  donation 5. .interviewer 6. shelter 7. active 8. primary 9. charity 10. warmly 二、词组默写 1. 产生影响;起作用 2. 捡起;拾起 3. 喂动物 4. 遛狗 5 动物收容所 6. 和...分享 【答案】1. make a difference 2. pick up 3..feed animals 4. walk dogs 5..animal shelter 6. share with 第一部分 Welcome to the unit 【知识梳理1】Excuse me, are you a volunteer here?打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗？ 1. volunteer此处用作动词，意为“义务做；自愿做”，后常跟介词for。 常用结构： volunteer to do sth. 例句：We volunteer for the work in the club. 我们自愿在俱乐部里做这项工作。 【拓展延伸】 还可用作名词，意为“志愿者”。 例句：I’d like to be a volunteer for the Olympics. 我想成为一名奥运会志愿者。 【答案】自愿做某事 volunteer 【即时练习】 She often volunteers ______ clean the park on weekends. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 【答案】B 【知识梳理2】I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 1.provide v. 提供；供给 常见的搭配： provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide sth. 直接接宾语，提供某物 2. 辨析provide， give与offer 词汇 意义 常用结构 provide 侧重免费、主动供给（物资、服务、信息） provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb. give 普通 “给”，通用 give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb. offer “主动提出；自愿给予” offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb. 【即时练习】 1. The school provides books ___ the students. A. with B. for C. to D. at 2. Parents always provide us ___ good food and clothes. A. for B. to C. with D. in 3. Museums can provide useful ___ for visitors. A. informations B. information C. message D. idea 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【知识梳理3】I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35.我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 1.pick作动词，意为“采摘”。 例如：Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 短语pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如：Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如：Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【即时练习】 My dad will ______ after school. A. pick me up B. pick up me C. pick I up D. pick up I 【答案】A 【知识梳理4】I think it's our duty to look after it.我认为保护它是我们的责任。 1. it作形式主语的句型： 做某事情对某人来说是… 某人花费…做某事 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 【答案】It is + adj + (of/ for…) + to… It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 【即时练习】 To keep our school clean is our duty.（同义句） ______ ______ our duty ______ keep our school clean. 【答案】It is our duty to keep our school clean. 【知识梳理5】How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了？ 1. how long 多长时间 how long在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。 对其回答时常用"for + 时间段 (for 可省略)" " since + 过去的时间点或从句"或"since + 时间段 + ago"。 例句：How long has he stayed in the museum? 他在博物馆待了多久？ —He has stayed here since 2023. 他从 2023 年就在这儿了。 用法拓展：(1) how long还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。 例句：Could you tell me how long your ruler is? 你能告诉我你的尺子有多长吗？ (2) 由how组成的其他疑问词组： 短语 含义 用法 答语 how often 多久一次 提问频率 " once / twice / three times + 一段时间”或 always, usually, never 等频度副词 how soon 多久以后 提问时间，常用于一般将来时 in +时间段 how far 多远 提问距离 表示距离的词或短语 【知识梳理6】feed animals喂养动物 1.feed喂食、供给营养（动词）；饲料（名词） 原形： 过去式 / 过去分词： （特殊变形） 现在分词： 作为动词的常见用法： feed sth. to sb./sth. 把某物喂给…… 例句：feed grass to the sheep 给羊喂草 feed sb./sth. on sth.以…… 为食；用…… 喂养 例句：We feed dogs on meat. feed on… （动物）以…… 为食 例句：Pandas feed on bamboo. 熊猫以竹子为食。 【答案】feed fed feeding 【即时练习】 We shouldn’t ______ wild animals in the zoo. A. feeded B. fed C. feed D. feeding 【答案】C 【知识梳理7】 Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗？ 1.辨析have been to， have gone to与have been in 词汇 意义及用法 have been to “曾经去过某地”，现在已经回来。常与just， ever， never连用，后可接表次数的副词。 have gone to “到某地去了”，指谈论的对象现在不在说话现场，一般不用第一、二人称作主语。 have been in “在某地待了多久”，常与表示时间的结构连用（since 1998/for five weeks/...）。 易错提醒： 当have been to和have gone to后接某些地点副词，如here， there， home等时，介词to应省略。 【即时练习】 1．Everyone is here ________ Tom and Lily. They ________ Shanghai. A．besides have been to B．besides; have gone to C．except; have been to D．except; have gone to 2．—Look at our school’s volunteer club. So many great activities have been held recently. But where’s Bob? —He ________ Hong Kong since he went to his new school. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】1．D 2．C 【知识梳理8】What are you plans for the summer holidays .暑假你有什么计划？ 1.询问计划，可以用一般将来时回答。 答语： 【答案】I will ... /I am going to ... 【即时练习】 --What are you plans for the summer holidays .-- A. He will go hiking. B. I am going to read books. C. She plans visit her friend. D. I going to travel. 【答案】B 【知识梳理9】 I’ll do some volunteer work at a nursing home with my youth group . 我将和我的青年团体一起去养老院做一些志愿服务。 1.nursing home 名词短语， 例句：She has been in a nursing home for five years .她已经在养老院住了5年。 2. youth 名词，青年；青年时期 搭配：youth group 例句：She spent her youth traveling around the world .她的青年时光是在环游世界中度过的。 【答案】 养老院 青年团体 【即时练习】 The saying “A plant may produce new flowers: man is young but once.” tells us ________. A．when will new flowers come out B．why we should treasure our youth C．how can a plant grow well D．what we shall do to avoid growing old 【答案】B 【知识梳理10】I exercise with the elderly to help them stay active . 我和老年人一起锻炼，帮助他们保持活力 1. the elderly 一类人结构：the + 形容词，表_______ 2. active 形容词，活跃的；积极的。_______名词 活动 be active in ... 在...方面积极 例句:He is active in school actives .他积极参与学校活动。 be active to do sth ...积极做某事 例句：The students are active to be volunteer .学生们积极主动地想要成为志愿者。 You need more free time to do the actives you enjoy .你需要有更多的时间去做自己喜欢的活动。 【答案】一类人 activity 【即时练习】 Lucy is an student .She answers the teachers’ question in class . A .active ; active B .actively ; active C .active ; actively D .actively ; actively 【答案】 C 第二部分 Grammar 语法for 和since的用法 【知识梳理1】since和for的用法 1. for 和 since 是现在完成时的“黄金搭档”，专门用来描述从过去持续到现在的动作/状态，回答的是“持续了多久”的问题。 2 .for 的用法 (1)基本用法：接时间段，表动作持续的时长 公式:主语+ have/has +过去分词+...+for +时间段 例句：Linda has been a doctor in United Nations Peacekeeping for five years. 琳达在联合国维和部队担任医生已经五年了。 例句：I have been a member of the Red Cross for six years. 我成为红十字会的成员已经六年了。 He has lived in this city for 10 years. 他在这座城市住了 10 年了。 3.since 的用法 (1) 接过去的时间点/年份 公式:主语+have/has +过去分词+...+ since +过去时间点 例句：The organization has trained over 6,000 elderly people since it began to offer classes in 2023. 自2023年开始开课以来，该组织已经培训了6000多名老年人。 例句：I have collected stamps since 2018. 我从2018 年就开始集邮了。 He has worked here since last summer. 他从去年夏天开始就在这里工作了。 (2)接固定短语 since then 含义:从那以后(表示从过去某个事件之后，一直持续到现在) 例句：She moved to Canada in 2020, and we haven't kept in touch since then. 她2020 年搬到了加拿大，从那以后我们就没再联系过。 He joined the basketball team last year, and has become much stronger since then. 他去年加入了篮球队，从那以后变得强壮多了。 【即时练习】 1．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 2．My sister ________ three online courses since the beginning of this term. A．took B．has taken C．takes D．will take 3．I have learned Chinese _________ five years. A．since B．in C．for D．at 4．I have learned to play the piano ________ I was seven years old. A．for B．since C．when D．before 5．We ________ more than 20 donations for the homeless ________ last month. A．collected; for B．have collected; since C．collected; since D．have collected; for 6．I miss my best friend very much because we haven’t seen each other ________ last year. A．for B．since C．in D．before 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．B 一、根据提示填写单词 1．We gave our toys away to the ________ (慈善机构) last month. 2．The mother hugged her daughter ________ (温暖地). 3．Mike has ________ (做志愿工作) since the summer vacation started. 4．We clean the bird ________ (笼子) once a week. 5．The group is a social ________ (组织) to help homeless children. 6．There are ten members in the ________ (青年) group. 7．The development of 5G has made a huge ________ (影响) to our daily communication. 8．Mulan dressed up like a boy and took her father’s place to fight in the ________ (军队). 9．My classmates are going to do volunteer work, and I ask them to let me ________ (一起来). 10．Please ________ your happiness ________ (和……分享) your good friends, and it will double. 【答案】1．charity 2．warmly 3．volunteered 4．cage/cages 5．organization 6．youth 7．difference 8．army 9．come along 10． share with 一、单项选择 1．They have helped out at many sports events ________ they started volunteering. A．since B．for C．when D．while 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从他们开始做志愿者，就在许多体育赛事中提供了帮助。 本句为时间状语从句，空格处需要一个连词，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时，可知要用since。 2．—How long has he worked as a volunteer? —He has worked here ________ his summer holidays started. A．since B．for C．in D．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他做志愿者多久了？——自从暑假开始，他就一直在这儿工作。 “since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子”表示“自从……以来”，用于现在完成时；“for + 时间段”后面不能接完整句子；“in + 时间段”多用于将来时，表示“多久之后”；“at + 具体时刻”表示“几点几分”。“his summer holidays started”为一般过去时的时间起点从句，应用since引导，完全契合问句How long的提问。 3．Robert offers to volunteer ________ he loves animals very much. A．so B．because C．But D．or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Robert主动提出要做志愿者，因为他非常喜欢动物。 so所以；because因为；But但是；or或者。后半句“他喜欢动物”是前半句“Robert要做志愿者”的原因，应该用because引导原因状语从句。 4．The shelter provides information ________ the animals to visitors. A．for B．to C．about D．with 【答案】C 【详解】句意 这家收容所向游客提供有关动物的信息。 for: 表目的/对象，provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物，不符合本句语义。 to: 搭配为provide sth. to sb.，侧重提供给某人。 about: 意为“关于”，information about sth.“关于某物的信息”，搭配正确、语义通顺。 with: 无此固定搭配，用法错误。 5．The interviewer asks Robert if he has ________ experience. A．some volunteer B．any volunteer C．some volunteering D．any volunteered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：面试官问罗伯特是否有志愿者经验。 some volunteer experience一些志愿者经验；any volunteer experience任何志愿者经验；some volunteering experience一些志愿者经验；any volunteered experience，搭配错误，语义不通。volunteer experience“志愿者经验”，名词短语； some一般用于肯定句，表示“一些”；any一般用于疑问句和否定句，表示“任何；一些”，本句是if引导的宾语从句，从句是疑问含义（询问是否有相关经验），用any。应填any volunteer。 6．He used to ________ a dog when he was young. A．have B．has C．having D．had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他年轻时曾经养过一只狗。 “used to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“过去常常做某事（现在已不做）”，后接动词原形。应填have。 7．— What do volunteers do at the animal shelter?— They help ________ the animals. A．feed B．feeds C．feeding D．fed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——志愿者们在动物收容所做什么？——他们帮忙喂养动物。 根据句意和固定搭配help (to) do sth.可知，此处表示“帮助喂养动物”，应该用动词原形feed。故选A。 8．—Where’s your mother? —She ________ Shanghai on business for a week. She won’t come back until next week. A．goes to B．has been in C．has been to D．will go to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你妈妈在哪里？——她在上海出差已经一个星期了。她直到下周才会回来。 根据“for a week”可知，该句应用现在完成时，排除选项A和D；has been to表示去过某地已回，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；has been in表示待在某地的状态，具有延续性，可与时间段连用。故选B。 9．The search for the survivors ________ since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened. More than 8,000 people have been rescued. A．starts B．started C．has started D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从Turkey-Syria地震发生以来，搜寻幸存者的工作一直在进行。已有超过8000人获救。 根据时间状语"since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened"可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，排除一般现在时和一般过去时。start是瞬间动词，不能与since连用表示动作持续，需转换为延续性状态，be on表示进行中，符合语境。应填has been on。 10．This movie theater ________ people ________ the most comfortable seats. A．provides; for B．offers; to C．provides; with D．offers; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家电影院为人们提供最舒适的座椅。 provides提供，provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.把某物提供给某人；offer提供，offer sth. to sb.把某物提供给某人。根据句子结构“This movie theater ... people ... the most comfortable seats”可知，people和seats的位置需要“为某人提供某物”的固定搭配，即provide sb. with sth.，应填provides；with。 11．—Aunt Lily ________ Uncle Tom when they left school. Really, Mom? —Yes. Love is a wonderful thing that brings two people together. They ________ each other since then. A．married; have been married to B．married to; have married C．married; have been married D．married with; have got married to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——莉莉阿姨当他们离开学校时就嫁给了汤姆叔叔。真的吗，妈妈？——是的。爱是一件美妙的事情，把两个人联系在一起。从那以后他们一直与彼此保持着婚姻关系。 第一空，根据时间状语“when they left school”可知，句子用一般过去时，marry是及物动词，后直接接宾语，marry sb.意为“与某人结婚”，应用过去式married；第二空，根据“since then”可知，句子用现在完成时，且表示持续的状态，marry是瞬间动词，需转化为延续性状态be married to sb.，应填have been married to。 12．—Who is the person that invented the telephone? —Alexander Graham Bell, a great ________. A．inventor B．invention C．invent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——发明电话的人是谁？——亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，一位伟大的发明家。 inventor发明家（名词）；invention发明（名词）；invent发明（动词）。根据题干“a great ________”可知，空格处应填名词作表语，表示身份，贝尔是“发明家”，应填inventor。 13．—I have some trouble connecting the smartphone to the Wi-Fi. Could you give me a hand? —________ A．You are welcome. B．Certainly. C．No way! D．That’s OK. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我在把智能手机连接到Wi-Fi时遇到了一些麻烦。你能帮我一下吗？——当然可以。 You are welcome不用谢；Certainly当然；No way没门；That’s OK没关系。根据“Could you give me a hand?”可知，是请求帮助，答语应表示愿意帮忙，B项表示肯定答复，符合语境。 14．—How long has your cousin ________ London? —She _______ there for three weeks, since the beginning of July. A．been to; has gone to B．been in; has been in C．been in; has been D．been from; has gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你表亲待在伦敦多久了？——她从七月初开始已经在那里三周了。 been to去过某地，已返回，非延续；been in在某地，可延续；been from来自某地；has gone to去了某地，未返回，非延续，不可与时间段连用；has been in在某地，后接地点名词。根据“How long”和“for three weeks”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，been to和gone to表示瞬间动作，不能与时间段连用；第一空后接名词London，需用介词in，构成been in；第二空后接副词there，无需介词，直接用has been。 15．Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum ________ for about five years, but I ________ there. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：扬州中国大运河博物馆已经开放大约五年了，但我还没去过那里。 根据“for about five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性动词，open作动词是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，其延续性状态为be open，故排除A、D选项；第二空表示“没去过某地”，应用haven’t been，haven’t gone意为“去了某地还没回来”，不符合语境。排除C选项。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Volunteering is a wonderful experience that brings warmth to others and happiness to ourselves. Last month, our class organized a volunteer project to help the elderly in the community near our school. I took part in it with my classmate, Lisa. At first, I was a bit shy. I didn’t know 1 to talk to the elderly people. But Lisa encouraged me, and we went to visit Grandma Wang first. Grandma Wang lives alone, and she was very happy to see us. We 2 her house, read newspapers to her and listened to her stories about the old days. Sometimes, the volunteer work was 3 . For example, some elderly people had poor hearing, so we had to speak loudly and repeat ourselves many times. But we never felt bored. When we saw the big smiles on their faces, we felt a strong sense of 4 . Through this activity, I learned a lot. I understood that the elderly need our care and company. We should 5 more time with them and listen to their needs. I also made many new friends in the volunteer group. We worked together and helped each other, which made our friendship 6 than before. Now, I go to the community every weekend. I think volunteering is not only a way to help others, but also a chance to 7 myself. It teaches me to be more patient and responsible. I hope more students can join volunteer activities and make a 8 to the world. Remember, even a small act of kindness can make a big 9 to someone’s life. Let’s 10 to help others and make the world a better place! 1．A．how B．what C．when D．where 2．A．cleaned B．built C．sold D．visited 3．A．easy B．challenging C．boring D．interesting 4．A．humor B．achievement C．regret D．doubt 5．A．waste B．spend C．save D．lose 6．A．stronger B．weaker C．longer D．shorter 7．A．hurt B．improve C．forget D．change 8．A．decision B．difference C．mistake D．plan 9．A．mistake B．choice C．difference D．progress 10．A．stop B．continue C．refuse D．forget 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者参加社区助老志愿活动的经历与感悟，作者从最初的害羞，到克服困难帮助老人，最终收获成长与友谊，呼吁更多人参与志愿活动。 1．句意：起初，我有点害羞，不知道如何和老人交谈。 根据前文 “我有点害羞”，可知此处是不知道和老人交流的方式，how 表示“如何、怎样”，符合语境。what（什么）、when（何时）、where（哪里）均不符合逻辑。 2．句意：我们打扫了她的房子，给她读报纸，听她讲过去的故事。 根据志愿活动的场景，给独居老人打扫房子是合理的服务内容，cleaned（打扫）符合语境。built（建造）、sold（售卖）、visited（参观）均不符合助老志愿的实际内容。 3．句意：有时，志愿工作是有挑战性的。例如，一些老人听力不好，所以我们必须大声说话，多次重复自己的话。 根据后文“老人听力差，需要大声重复”的描述，可知志愿工作存在困难，challenging（有挑战性的）符合语境。easy（容易的）、boring（无聊的）、interesting（有趣的）均与后文描述不符。 4．句意：当我们看到他们脸上灿烂的笑容时，我们感到一种强烈的成就感。 根据前文“克服困难帮助老人，看到老人开心”，可知会产生成就感，achievement（成就）符合语境。humor（幽默）、regret（后悔）、doubt（怀疑）均不符合情感逻辑。 5．句意：我们应该花更多时间陪伴他们，倾听他们的需求。 根据前文“老人需要关爱和陪伴”，可知要花时间陪伴老人，spend（花费）符合语境。waste（浪费）、save（节省）、lose（失去）均不符合文意。 6．句意：我们一起工作，互相帮助，这让我们的友谊比以前更牢固。 根据前文“一起做志愿、互相帮助”，可知友谊会变得更深厚，stronger（更牢固的）符合语境。weaker（更弱的）、longer（更长的）、shorter（更短的）均不符合逻辑。 7．句意：我认为志愿活动不仅是帮助他人的方式，也是提升自己的机会。 根据后文“它教会我更有耐心、更有责任感”，可知志愿活动能让自己成长进步，improve（提升、改善）符合语境。hurt（伤害）、forget（忘记）、change（改变）均不符合文意。 8．句意：我希望更多学生能参加志愿活动，为世界带来改变。 make a difference意为“有影响、带来改变”，符合呼吁志愿活动创造价值的语境。decision（决定）、mistake（错误）、plan（计划）均不符合固定搭配与文意。 9．句意：记住，即使是一个小小的善举，也能对某人的生活产生巨大的影响。 固定搭配make a big difference意为“产生巨大影响”，符合“小善举有大作用”的文意。mistake（错误）、choice（选择）、progress（进步）均不符合固定搭配与语境。 10．句意：让我们继续帮助他人，让世界变得更美好！ 根据前文呼吁更多人参与志愿活动，可知此处是号召继续行动，continue（继续）符合语境。stop（停止）、refuse（拒绝）、forget（忘记）均与呼吁的主旨相悖。 三、阅读单选 Environmental protection is a hot topic in our school. Last week, our school held a “Green Campus” activity to encourage students to protect the environment. All the students in our class took part in the activity. We did many things to make our campus greener. First, we planted some small trees and flowers in the school garden. Second, we put up some posters on the walls to remind students to save water and electricity. Third, we organized a “no-plastic-bag” day, asking students to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. The activity was very successful. Many students said they learned a lot from it. They realized that small actions can make a big difference. For example, turning off the lights when leaving the classroom, recycling waste paper and taking public transport to school are all easy ways to protect the environment. Our head teacher said, “Environmental protection is not a one-day activity. It should be a habit in our daily life. I hope all of you can keep doing these small things and make our campus and the world a better place.” 1．What activity did the school hold last week? A．A sports meeting. B．A “Green Campus” activity. C．A music festival. D．A book fair. 2．How many things did the class do for the activity? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What did the students do to remind others to save resources? A．They planted trees. B．They used cloth bags. C．They put up posters. D．They recycled paper. 4．What did the head teacher say about environmental protection? A．It is a one-day activity. B．It should be a daily habit. C．It is only for students. D．It is hard to do. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Small actions can help protect the environment. B．Plastic bags are good for the environment. C．The activity was not successful. D．Students don’t like the activity. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者所在学校开展 “绿色校园” 环保活动的过程、同学们的具体行动以及班主任对环保的倡议，号召大家从小事做起保护环境。 1．根据第一段第二句 “Last week, our school held a ‘Green Campus’ activity to encourage students to protect the environment.” 可知，学校上周举办了 “绿色校园” 活动。 2．根据第二段中“First…Second…Third…”可知，作者班级一共做了三件事。 3．根据第二段第四句“Second, we put up some posters on the walls to remind students to save water and electricity.”可知，学生们张贴海报来提醒他人节约资源。 4．根据第四段班主任的话“Environmental protection is not a one-day activity. It should be a habit in our daily life.”可知，环保应该成为日常生活习惯。 5．根据第三段第三句“They realized that small actions can make a big difference.”以及后文举例可知，我们能学到小事也能助力环保。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An animal shelter is a place for homeless animals. There are many things we can do 1 (help) them. First, we can 2 (feed) the animals and clean their cages. It is important 3 (keep) them clean and healthy. Second, we can provide information 4 (animals) to help people find their lost pets. We can also collect donations 5 (buy) food and medicine for the animals. Some volunteers choose to train animals. This helps the animals become friendly and safe. Others take care of sick animals. This job requires patience and love. Robert once had a dog. His pet taught him that every animal needs love and care. Now he wants to be a volunteer 6 he wants to make a difference. The interviewer asks him if he has any volunteer 7 (experience). Robert says he is ready 8 (do) the work. Volunteering at an animal shelter is meaningful. It shows that we care 9 (animals). Small actions can make a big 10 (different) to the world. 【答案】 1．to help 2．feed 3．to keep 4．about animals 5．to buy 6．because 7．experience 8．to do 9．about animals 10．difference 【导语】本文介绍了在动物收容所可以为无家可归的动物提供的帮助，以及做志愿者的意义。 1．句意：动物收容所是无家可归动物的家。我们可以做很多事来帮助它们。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表达“做很多事”的目的是“帮助动物”，故填to help。 2．句意：首先，我们可以喂动物和打扫它们的笼子。情态动词can后必须接动词原形，故填feed。 3．句意：保持它们干净健康是很重要的。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填to keep。 4．句意：第二，我们可以提供动物的信息来帮助人们找到他们丢失的宠物。“information about animals”意为“与动物相关的信息”。 5．句意：我们也可以收集捐款来为动物购买食物和药品。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表达“收集捐款”的目的是“购买物资”，故填to buy。 6．句意：现在他想成为一名志愿者，因为他想有所作为。前后分句为因果关系，后句是前句的原因，故填连词because。 7．句意：面试官问他是否有任何志愿者经验。此处指“做志愿者的经验”，experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词，无需变形，故填experience。 8．句意：罗伯特说他准备好做这份工作了。固定搭配be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”，故填to do。 9．句意：这表明我们关心动物。固定搭配care about表示“关心、在意”，后接宾语animals，故填about animals。 10．句意：小行动可以对世界产生很大的影响。固定搭配make a difference表示“有影响、起作用”，此处需用名词形式，故填difference。 $Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A 1.掌握Unit 8 Section A部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. visitor n.参观者;来访者 2. elderly adj.年纪较大的,上了年纪的 3. organization n.组织;团体;机构 4. stadium n.体育馆;运动场 5. provide v.提供;给予 6. owner n.主人;物主 7. cage n.笼子 8 .donation n.捐赠物;捐赠 9. interviewer n.面试官;采访者 10. shelter n.庇护所;居所 11. youth n.青年;青年时期 12. active adj.活跃的;积极的 13. army n.军队 14. primary adj小学教育的;首要的 15. charity n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业 16. warmly adv.热情地;温暖地 · 短语： 1.make a difference产生影响;起作用 2.clean up清理;打扫干净 3.give directions指路;给出指示 4.guide visitors 引导访客 5.plant trees 种树 6. visit the elderly 看望老人 7.sort waste 垃圾分类 8.excuse me打扰一下;对不起 9.pickup捡起;拾起 10.look after 照顾;照料 11.feed animals喂动物 12.take care of 照顾;照料 13.collect donations 收集捐赠物 14.walk dogs遛狗 15.animal shelter 动物收容所 16.summer holiday 署假 17.a nursing home 养老院 18. play Chinese chess下中国象棋 19.care for关心;照顾 20.share with 和...分享 21.come along 一起来;出现 22.feed animals 喂动物 23.sweep leaves扫落叶 24. talk with patients和病人交谈 25.for a long time 很长一段时间 26.a number of 许多;大量 27.a lot of许多;大量 28.join the organization 加入组织 29.primary school 小学 30.help out帮忙;协助 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 · 句型： 1.Excuse me, are you a volunteer here? 打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗? 2.I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 3.I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35. 我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 4.I think it's our duty to look after it.我认为保护它是我们的责任。 5.How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了? --I've been a volunteer for.我已经当了... 6.Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗? 7.Sometimes I play Chinese chess with them.有时我会和他们下中国象棋。 8.I've even taught some of them how to use a mobile phone. 我甚至教过他们中的一些人如何使用手机。 9.I have been a member of the Red Gross for six years. 我已经是红十字会成员六年了。 2.掌握现在完成时for 和since的用法。 一、单词默写 1.  adj.年纪较大的上了年纪的 2. n.组织;团体;机构 3.  v.提供;给予 4. n.捐赠物;捐赠 5. n.面试官;采访者 6.  n.庇护所;居所 7. adj.活跃的;积极的 8. adj小学教育的;首要的 9. n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业 10. adv.热情地;温暖地 二、词组默写 1. 产生影响;起作用 2. 捡起;拾起 3. 喂动物 4. 遛狗 5 动物收容所 6. 和...分享 第一部分 Welcome to the unit 【知识梳理1】Excuse me, are you a volunteer here?打扰一下，你是这里的志愿者吗？ 1. volunteer此处用作动词，意为“义务做；自愿做”，后常跟介词for。 常用结构： volunteer to do sth. 例句：We volunteer for the work in the club. 我们自愿在俱乐部里做这项工作。 【拓展延伸】 还可用作名词，意为“志愿者”。 例句：I’d like to be a volunteer for the Olympics. 我想成为一名奥运会志愿者。 【即时练习】 She often volunteers ______ clean the park on weekends. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 【知识梳理2】I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the artworks. 我引导游客参观博物馆，并提供有关艺术品的信息。 1.provide v. 提供；供给 常见的搭配： provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide sth. 直接接宾语，提供某物 2. 辨析provide， give与offer 词汇 意义 常用结构 provide 侧重免费、主动供给（物资、服务、信息） provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb. give 普通 “给”，通用 give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb. offer “主动提出；自愿给予” offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb. 【即时练习】 1. The school provides books ___ the students. A. with B. for C. to D. at 2. Parents always provide us ___ good food and clothes. A. for B. to C. with D. in 3. Museums can provide useful ___ for visitors. A. informations B. information C. message D. idea 【知识梳理3】I've picked up three bags of waste and sorted 35.我已经捡了三袋垃圾，并对35件垃圾进行了分类。 1.pick作动词，意为“采摘”。 例如：Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 短语pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如：Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如：Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【即时练习】 My dad will ______ after school. A. pick me up B. pick up me C. pick I up D. pick up I 【知识梳理4】I think it's our duty to look after it.我认为保护它是我们的责任。 1. it作形式主语的句型： 做某事情对某人来说是… 某人花费…做某事 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 【即时练习】 To keep our school clean is our duty.（同义句） ______ ______ our duty ______ keep our school clean. 【知识梳理5】How long have you been a volunteer?你当志愿者多久了？ 1. how long 多长时间 how long在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。 对其回答时常用"for + 时间段 (for 可省略)" " since + 过去的时间点或从句"或"since + 时间段 + ago"。 例句：How long has he stayed in the museum? 他在博物馆待了多久？ —He has stayed here since 2023. 他从 2023 年就在这儿了。 用法拓展：(1) how long还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。 例句：Could you tell me how long your ruler is? 你能告诉我你的尺子有多长吗？ (2) 由how组成的其他疑问词组： 短语 含义 用法 答语 how often 多久一次 提问频率 " once / twice / three times + 一段时间”或 always, usually, never 等频度副词 how soon 多久以后 提问时间，常用于一般将来时 in +时间段 how far 多远 提问距离 表示距离的词或短语 【知识梳理6】feed animals喂养动物 1.feed喂食、供给营养（动词）；饲料（名词） 原形： 过去式 / 过去分词： （特殊变形） 现在分词： 作为动词的常见用法： feed sth. to sb./sth. 把某物喂给…… 例句：feed grass to the sheep 给羊喂草 feed sb./sth. on sth.以…… 为食；用…… 喂养 例句：We feed dogs on meat. feed on… （动物）以…… 为食 例句：Pandas feed on bamboo. 熊猫以竹子为食。 【即时练习】 We shouldn’t ______ wild animals in the zoo. A. feeded B. fed C. feed D. feeding 【知识梳理7】 Have you ever been to our animal shelter?你曾来过我们的动物收容所吗？ 1.辨析have been to， have gone to与have been in 词汇 意义及用法 have been to “曾经去过某地”，现在已经回来。常与just， ever， never连用，后可接表次数的副词。 have gone to “到某地去了”，指谈论的对象现在不在说话现场，一般不用第一、二人称作主语。 have been in “在某地待了多久”，常与表示时间的结构连用（since 1998/for five weeks/...）。 易错提醒： 当have been to和have gone to后接某些地点副词，如here， there， home等时，介词to应省略。 【即时练习】 1．Everyone is here ________ Tom and Lily. They ________ Shanghai. A．besides have been to B．besides; have gone to C．except; have been to D．except; have gone to 2．—Look at our school’s volunteer club. So many great activities have been held recently. But where’s Bob? —He ________ Hong Kong since he went to his new school. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【知识梳理8】What are you plans for the summer holidays .暑假你有什么计划？ 1.询问计划，可以用一般将来时回答。 答语： 【即时练习】 --What are you plans for the summer holidays .-- A. He will go hiking. B. I am going to read books. C. She plans visit her friend. D. I going to travel. 【知识梳理9】 I’ll do some volunteer work at a nursing home with my youth group . 我将和我的青年团体一起去养老院做一些志愿服务。 1.nursing home 名词短语， 例句：She has been in a nursing home for five years .她已经在养老院住了5年。 2. youth 名词，青年；青年时期 搭配：youth group 例句：She spent her youth traveling around the world .她的青年时光是在环游世界中度过的。 【即时练习】 The saying “A plant may produce new flowers: man is young but once.” tells us ________. A．when will new flowers come out B．why we should treasure our youth C．how can a plant grow well D．what we shall do to avoid growing old 【知识梳理10】I exercise with the elderly to help them stay active . 我和老年人一起锻炼，帮助他们保持活力 1. the elderly 一类人结构：the + 形容词，表_______ 2. active 形容词，活跃的；积极的。_______名词 活动 be active in ... 在...方面积极 例句:He is active in school actives .他积极参与学校活动。 be active to do sth ...积极做某事 例句：The students are active to be volunteer .学生们积极主动地想要成为志愿者。 You need more free time to do the actives you enjoy .你需要有更多的时间去做自己喜欢的活动。 【即时练习】 Lucy is an student .She answers the teachers’ question in class . A .active ; active B .actively ; active C .active ; actively D .actively ; actively 第二部分 Grammar 语法for 和since的用法 【知识梳理1】since和for的用法 1. for 和 since 是现在完成时的“黄金搭档”，专门用来描述从过去持续到现在的动作/状态，回答的是“持续了多久”的问题。 2 .for 的用法 (1)基本用法：接时间段，表动作持续的时长 公式:主语+ have/has +过去分词+...+for +时间段 例句：Linda has been a doctor in United Nations Peacekeeping for five years. 琳达在联合国维和部队担任医生已经五年了。 例句：I have been a member of the Red Cross for six years. 我成为红十字会的成员已经六年了。 He has lived in this city for 10 years. 他在这座城市住了 10 年了。 3.since 的用法 (1) 接过去的时间点/年份 公式:主语+have/has +过去分词+...+ since +过去时间点 例句：The organization has trained over 6,000 elderly people since it began to offer classes in 2023. 自2023年开始开课以来，该组织已经培训了6000多名老年人。 例句：I have collected stamps since 2018. 我从2018 年就开始集邮了。 He has worked here since last summer. 他从去年夏天开始就在这里工作了。 (2)接固定短语 since then 含义:从那以后(表示从过去某个事件之后，一直持续到现在) 例句：She moved to Canada in 2020, and we haven't kept in touch since then. 她2020 年搬到了加拿大，从那以后我们就没再联系过。 He joined the basketball team last year, and has become much stronger since then. 他去年加入了篮球队，从那以后变得强壮多了。 【即时练习】 1．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 2．My sister ________ three online courses since the beginning of this term. A．took B．has taken C．takes D．will take 3．I have learned Chinese _________ five years. A．since B．in C．for D．at 4．I have learned to play the piano ________ I was seven years old. A．for B．since C．when D．before 5．We ________ more than 20 donations for the homeless ________ last month. A．collected; for B．have collected; since C．collected; since D．have collected; for 6．I miss my best friend very much because we haven’t seen each other ________ last year. A．for B．since C．in D．before 一、根据提示填写单词 1．We gave our toys away to the ________ (慈善机构) last month. 2．The mother hugged her daughter ________ (温暖地). 3．Mike has ________ (做志愿工作) since the summer vacation started. 4．We clean the bird ________ (笼子) once a week. 5．The group is a social ________ (组织) to help homeless children. 6．There are ten members in the ________ (青年) group. 7．The development of 5G has made a huge ________ (影响) to our daily communication. 8．Mulan dressed up like a boy and took her father’s place to fight in the ________ (军队). 9．My classmates are going to do volunteer work, and I ask them to let me ________ (一起来). 10．Please ________ your happiness ________ (和……分享) your good friends, and it will double. 一、单项选择 1．They have helped out at many sports events ________ they started volunteering. A．since B．for C．when D．while 2．—How long has he worked as a volunteer? —He has worked here ________ his summer holidays started. A．since B．for C．in D．at 3．Robert offers to volunteer ________ he loves animals very much. A．so B．because C．But D．or 4．The shelter provides information ________ the animals to visitors. A．for B．to C．about D．with 5．The interviewer asks Robert if he has ________ experience. A．some volunteer B．any volunteer C．some volunteering D．any volunteered 6．He used to ________ a dog when he was young. A．have B．has C．having D．had 7．— What do volunteers do at the animal shelter?— They help ________ the animals. A．feed B．feeds C．feeding D．fed 8．—Where’s your mother? —She ________ Shanghai on business for a week. She won’t come back until next week. A．goes to B．has been in C．has been to D．will go to 9．The search for the survivors ________ since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened. More than 8,000 people have been rescued. A．starts B．started C．has started D．has been on 10．This movie theater ________ people ________ the most comfortable seats. A．provides; for B．offers; to C．provides; with D．offers; for 11．—Aunt Lily ________ Uncle Tom when they left school. Really, Mom? —Yes. Love is a wonderful thing that brings two people together. They ________ each other since then. A．married; have been married to B．married to; have married C．married; have been married D．married with; have got married to 12．—Who is the person that invented the telephone? —Alexander Graham Bell, a great ________. A．inventor B．invention C．invent 13．—I have some trouble connecting the smartphone to the Wi-Fi. Could you give me a hand? —________ A．You are welcome. B．Certainly. C．No way! D．That’s OK. 14．—How long has your cousin ________ London? —She _______ there for three weeks, since the beginning of July. A．been to; has gone to B．been in; has been in C．been in; has been D．been from; has gone 15．Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum ________ for about five years, but I ________ there. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Volunteering is a wonderful experience that brings warmth to others and happiness to ourselves. Last month, our class organized a volunteer project to help the elderly in the community near our school. I took part in it with my classmate, Lisa. At first, I was a bit shy. I didn’t know 1 to talk to the elderly people. But Lisa encouraged me, and we went to visit Grandma Wang first. Grandma Wang lives alone, and she was very happy to see us. We 2 her house, read newspapers to her and listened to her stories about the old days. Sometimes, the volunteer work was 3 . For example, some elderly people had poor hearing, so we had to speak loudly and repeat ourselves many times. But we never felt bored. When we saw the big smiles on their faces, we felt a strong sense of 4 . Through this activity, I learned a lot. I understood that the elderly need our care and company. We should 5 more time with them and listen to their needs. I also made many new friends in the volunteer group. We worked together and helped each other, which made our friendship 6 than before. Now, I go to the community every weekend. I think volunteering is not only a way to help others, but also a chance to 7 myself. It teaches me to be more patient and responsible. I hope more students can join volunteer activities and make a 8 to the world. Remember, even a small act of kindness can make a big 9 to someone’s life. Let’s 10 to help others and make the world a better place! 1．A．how B．what C．when D．where 2．A．cleaned B．built C．sold D．visited 3．A．easy B．challenging C．boring D．interesting 4．A．humor B．achievement C．regret D．doubt 5．A．waste B．spend C．save D．lose 6．A．stronger B．weaker C．longer D．shorter 7．A．hurt B．improve C．forget D．change 8．A．decision B．difference C．mistake D．plan 9．A．mistake B．choice C．difference D．progress 10．A．stop B．continue C．refuse D．forget 三、阅读单选 Environmental protection is a hot topic in our school. Last week, our school held a “Green Campus” activity to encourage students to protect the environment. All the students in our class took part in the activity. We did many things to make our campus greener. First, we planted some small trees and flowers in the school garden. Second, we put up some posters on the walls to remind students to save water and electricity. Third, we organized a “no-plastic-bag” day, asking students to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. The activity was very successful. Many students said they learned a lot from it. They realized that small actions can make a big difference. For example, turning off the lights when leaving the classroom, recycling waste paper and taking public transport to school are all easy ways to protect the environment. Our head teacher said, “Environmental protection is not a one-day activity. It should be a habit in our daily life. I hope all of you can keep doing these small things and make our campus and the world a better place.” 1．What activity did the school hold last week? A．A sports meeting. B．A “Green Campus” activity. C．A music festival. D．A book fair. 2．How many things did the class do for the activity? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What did the students do to remind others to save resources? A．They planted trees. B．They used cloth bags. C．They put up posters. D．They recycled paper. 4．What did the head teacher say about environmental protection? A．It is a one-day activity. B．It should be a daily habit. C．It is only for students. D．It is hard to do. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Small actions can help protect the environment. B．Plastic bags are good for the environment. C．The activity was not successful. D．Students don’t like the activity. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An animal shelter is a place for homeless animals. There are many things we can do 1 (help) them. First, we can 2 (feed) the animals and clean their cages. It is important 3 (keep) them clean and healthy. Second, we can provide information 4 (animals) to help people find their lost pets. We can also collect donations 5 (buy) food and medicine for the animals. Some volunteers choose to train animals. This helps the animals become friendly and safe. Others take care of sick animals. This job requires patience and love. Robert once had a dog. His pet taught him that every animal needs love and care. Now he wants to be a volunteer 6 he wants to make a difference. The interviewer asks him if he has any volunteer 7 (experience). Robert says he is ready 8 (do) the work. Volunteering at an animal shelter is meaningful. It shows that we care 9 (animals). Small actions can make a big 10 (different) to the world. $