Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressions 课件 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Science Fiction Unit 1 (Words and Expressions) 1. fiction n.小说；虚构的事---___________adj.虚构的 2. ridiculous adj.可笑的；荒谬的---_____________ adv. 可笑地；荒谬地---_______________n. 荒谬；荒唐 3. integrity n.诚实正直；完整---__________v.合并，使完整---___________adj. 完整的;整合的---___________n.结合 4. dignity n.庄严；尊严---_______v.使高贵---__________adj. 有尊严的；庄严的 5.absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的---__________n. 荒谬---__________ adv. 荒谬地 6. appointment n.预约；约会；委任---___________v.委派；任命 7. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的---_________n.罪行；内疚 8. suspend v.悬；挂；暂停---___________n.暂停；悬浮 9. dismiss v.让某人离开；解雇---___________n.解散；免职---_____________ adj. 不屑一顾的，轻蔑的 10. declare v.宣称；表明；公布---____________n.声明；宣布 fictional integrate integration dignify appoint guilt suspension dismissal declaration 词汇变形 ridiculously ridiculousness integrated dignified absurdity absurdly dismissive 11. presume v.假定；假设---_____________n.推测 12.weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊---________ n. 星期 13.basis n. 基础---______ n. 底部;基础;基地 v.以...为基础---_______ adj. 基本的，基础的---_________ adv. 基本上;根本上 14. calculate v.计算；核算---____________n.计算器---___________n.计算 15. blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的---_______v.使模糊 16. superior adj.更好的；占优势的---_____________n.优势 ---(反) _________adj.较差的；下级的---_____________n.劣势 17. inaction n.无行动；不采取措施---___________adj.无行动的；不活跃的---________ n. 行动---_______ adj. 积极的；活跃的---______ v. 行动；表演---__________ n. 活动 18. hazy adj.迷糊的；朦胧的---_______adv.模糊地---_________n.模糊;朦胧---_______n.薄雾；迷糊 presumption calculator calculation blur superiority inferior inferiority inactive haze week base basic basically action active act activity hazily haziness 19. division n.分开；分隔---________v.分开；除---________adj.分裂的；有分歧的 20. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 v.催促；力劝---___________adj.紧急的 ---__________adv.紧急地---_________n.紧急的事 21. random adj.随机的---__________adv.随机地 ___________随机地 22. maximum adj.最大极限的---___________v.使...最大化 ---(反)__________adj.最低限度的---___________v.使...最小化 23. explode v.爆炸；爆破---__________n.爆炸---___________adj.易爆炸的 24. stun v.使震惊；使昏迷---_________adj.极有魅力的；令人震惊的---_________adj.目瞪口呆的 25. mud n.泥；泥浆---________adj.泥泞的 26. overstatement n.夸大；夸张---___________ v. 夸大;夸张---___________ n. 声明；陈述---_______ v.陈述 n. 州；国家；状态 urgent urgently urgency randomly at random maximize minimum minimize explosion explosive stunning stunned muddy statement state overstate divide divided test out 检验，测试 test v./n. 测试，检验 test sb./sth. for sth. 为sth.测试sb./sth. The lab is testing the new drug for safety and effectiveness. test sb. on sth.　　　　 在……方面测试某人 They will test you on your spoken English. test sth. on sb./sth. 在某人/物身上试验…… Scientists test new drugs on animals first. put...to the test 使受考验 His patience was really put to the test when the flight was delayed for six hours. take a test 参加考试 test out 检验，测试 (1)She was nervous when she found out that they would test her ______ her knowledge of foreign languages during the interview. (2)When they were facing unexpected difficulties, their emergency plan was put ______ the test. (3)The new product ____________________ before it was put on the market. 这种新产品被投放市场前已经被检验过。 Thousands of people ___________for government officers every year. 每年成千上万的人参加公务员考试。 on to had been tested out take a test test out 检验，测试 拓展：和out相关的短语 find out 弄清楚，查明 put out 扑灭 set out 出发；开始 turn out 证明是；结果是 give out 散发;分发;用完 work out 计算出；解决；锻炼;制定 run out(不及物)=run out of(及物) 用完；用尽 We ran out of milk this morning. try out 试用；测试 I need to try out this new recipe before serving it to guests. leave out 省略；遗漏 If you don't want to get into trouble, please don't leave out any small mistakes. try out for 参加选拔 test out 检验，测试 1)The fireman managed to ________ the big fire before it spread to nearby houses. 2) We need to ________ why the experiment failed; otherwise we might make the same mistake. 3)My money has almost ______, so I can't afford to eat out any more. 4) Despite the bad start, everything ________ fine in the end. put out find out run out turned out more like 更像是；更接近 less like 不太像 This is less like a game and more like work. nothing like 丝毫不像 The food here is nothing like what I expected. There is nothing like 没有比……好 There is nothing like a hot cup of tea on a cold day. something like 有点像 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 预约；约会；委任 appoint v. 任命，委派;约定 appointed adj.约定的,指定的 appoint sb. (as/to be) sth. 任命某人为… appoint sb. to sth. 任命某人到… It made sense to appoint a banker to this job. appoint sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事 make/have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 by appointment 按照预约 The lawyer only meets clients by appointment. appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 预约；约会；委任 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(2023·北京卷) I turned up at the ____________ (appoint) hour for dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (2)For those who wish to visit the gallery, viewing can be arranged ____________ appointment only. (3)A new engineer was appointed _________ (deal) with the products returned by customers. (4)我很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了，因为我这周六和牙医有约。 I am sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you because I__________________________________this Saturday. appointed by to deal have an appointment with my dentist on the nail 立刻,马上 They're good customers who always pay on the nail. as hard as nails 铁石心肠的,身体结实 bite one's nails 咬指甲,焦虑不安 nail down sth. 用钉子钉牢;敲定，达成一致 nail [neɪl] n.指甲,爪,钉子 vt. 钉牢，固定 1. Before going on stage, she noticed that one of her _______ (nail) was broken. 2. After two hours of discussion, they finally managed ________(nail) down all the details of the contract. nails to nail guilty [ˈɡɪlti] adj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的 guilt n. 内疚；罪行 guiltily adv.内疚地 feel/ be guilty about ... 对...感到内疚 I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. be guilty of ... 犯有...罪；有……过失 The report says the bank is guilty of misleading its customers. a sense of guilt 内疚感 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)If we are guilty _______ ignoring the details in math problems, we may lose valuable points in the college entrance examination even if we master the core knowledge. (2)The court found him __________(guilt) and sentenced him to three years in prison. (3)Stunned and moved, I stared at the note, __________________ my previous thought that all people were indifferent. 我目瞪口呆，感动不已，盯着那张纸条，对我先前认为所有人都漠 不关心的想法感到内疚。(读后续写之心理描写) of guilty feeling guilty about suspend [səˈspend] vt. 悬,挂；暂停/缓;使暂时停职/学 suspension n.悬浮;暂令停职；暂缓,延期 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. It was uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air . ___________ 2. The school has suspended all outdoor activities due to the heatwave. ___________ 3. Dave was suspended from school for fighting. ___________ 4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. ___________ 悬 / 挂 / 吊 暂停 / 中止 被停学 被停职 be suspended from job/school 被停职/被停学 dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除;不予考虑 dismissal n.开除，解雇 dismiss/fire sb. for sth. 因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss sb. from sth. 将某人从……解雇/开除 He was dismissed from the training program for failing to meet the requirements. dismiss fears/doubts from one’s mind 消除某人心里的恐惧/疑虑 dismiss the class 下课 ① The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting. ② Let's not just dismiss the idea before we think about it. ③ As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you. ④ She dismissed her fear and applied for the job she always wanted. 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 解散 解雇，开除 __________ __________ __________ 不予考虑 消除 __________ ① The general was dismissed _________ the army for failing to follow orders. ② 老师常提醒我们不要对模拟考试中的错误置之不理，认真分析错题是提分最快的方式。 Teachers often remind us __________________________in mock exams—analyzing them carefully is the fastest way to improve our scores. ③ 教练不得不早早解散球队，因为天气太恶劣，无法继续训练。The coach ________________________ because the weather conditions were too dangerous to continue practicing.  from　 had to dismiss the team early　 Exercises not to dismiss the mistakes declare [dɪˈkleə(r)] vt. 宣称；公布 declaration n.宣告；宣言 declare sb./sth. (to be)+n./adj. 宣布某人/某事是…… His lawyer is confident that the judges will declare Mr. Stevens innocent. declare for/against... 表示赞成/反对…… He declared for the idea of increasing the minimum wage. declare war on/against... 向……宣战 It is declared that 据宣告；据宣称…… Exercises 1. The moment Linda______________(declare)the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy. 2. As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make a____________(declare ) of what we had seen. 3. August 8 was declared __________(be) National Fitness Day, when various events were held to encourage people to take more physical exercise. 4. When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly __⁠______the policy, which made them unhappy. 5. The science fiction ______________________________ of the year. 这部科幻小说被宣布为年度最佳小说。 was declared declaration to be against was declared to be the best novel on a ... basis 根据；以...的方式 on a regular basis 定期地；有规律地 on a daily/ weekly basis 每天/每周 on the basis of ... 以……为基础 base ... on/upon ... 把……建立于……基础之上 be based on/upon ... 以……为基础/根据 basis n. 基础 base v.以...为基础 n. 底部;基础;基地 basic adj. 基本的，基础的 basically adv. 基本上;根本上 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 ① You should base your conclusion__________⁠careful research. ② In our country, all children old enough to go to school receive education _________the basis of equality. ③____________⁠(base) on historical facts, Romance of the Three Kingdoms is popular among all the Chinese people. ④ 他们定期去远足，这已成为一个珍贵的家庭传统。 They ________________________________and it has become a cherished family tradition. on/upon Based　 on go hiking on a regular basis, superior [suːˈpɪəriə(r)] adj. 更好的；占优势的；更高的 superiority n. 优越；优势；优越感 be +adj.+ to(介词): be superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹 be inferior to sb./sth. 比……差/级别低 be junior to sb. 比某人年龄小/职位低 be senior to sb. 比某人年长/职位高 be prior to... 先于... We have a relationship superior to those of many of our friends. 【单句语法填空/词汇升级】 (1)In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even ____________ (superior). (2)In my company, my wife is junior __________me, but back home, she is my boss. (3)She is older than her sister by two years, and she often gives her advice on various matters. →She ____________her sister by two years, and she often gives her advice on various matters. superiority to is senior to take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take off 起飞；腾飞,大获成功；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 take up 占据；开始从事 1) In science fiction stories, robots often become superior and take over. 2) Will robots take over from human beings in the future? 3) They planned to take over the airport. 占上风 取而代之 接管 Exercises ① Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city a new look. ② It was declared that he would the company after his father retired. ③ Looking after her baby much of her time, but she still made use of her spare time to learn French. ④His career after his excellent performance in the film. ⑤ I was by the salesman — the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable. took on took up take over took off taken in conflict with 与…冲突或抵触 A与B有冲突/矛盾 A conflict with B A be in conflict with B A come into conflict with B conflict vi. 冲突，抵触，相互矛盾 n. 冲突；争执；矛盾　 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The new regulations are ______ conflict with the existing laws, which has created a legal dilemma. (2)虽然玛丽和我是好朋友，但我和她的利益有时会发生冲突。 →Even though Mary and I are good friends, ____________________ _______________________． →Even though Mary and I are good friends, ____________________ ______________________________． in my interests sometimes conflict with hers my interests sometimes come into conflict with hers turn out 关掉；熄灭；出席；生产；结果是 turn up 调高(音量等)；出现 turn down调低(音量等)；拒绝 turn in 上交 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to 求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 【补全语段/完成句子】 (1)When the opportunity to work abroad ____________ (出现), Lisa was thrilled.However, she had to _______________________ (拒绝这个提议) due to family responsibilities.Feeling uncertain, she ________________________________ (向朋友寻求建议).After much thought, she decided to stay in the current position. (2)这名大学老师要求学生在上课时间关闭手机，但提醒他们为即将到来的在线测验打开笔记本电脑。 The university teacher asked students to ________________________during class time but reminded them to __________________for the upcoming online test. turned up turn down the offer turned to her friend for advice turn off their mobile phones turn on their laptops pace [ˈpeɪs] n. 步伐；速度；节奏 vt. & vi. 踱步;确定速度；调整节奏 at a(n)...pace　 以……的速度 The elderly man walked at a slow pace through the park. keep pace with (与……)齐步前进/并驾齐驱 set the pace 确定速度；确立标准；领先 The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market. 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)She is learning a new language _________ a pace of ten new words per day, and she hopes to be fluent in six months. (2)She is working hard to keep pace _________ her classmates on the advanced math course. (3)在马拉松比赛中，领跑的选手为其他参赛者设定了节奏，其他人都努力跟上。 The lead runner ___________________________________and everyone else tried to keep up. at with set the pace for the other participants fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 fall over 倒下，摔倒；被……绊倒 It is easy to fall over when babies learn to walk. fall down 跌倒；失败 fall off 从……摔下(其后直接跟宾语);数量减少,品质下降 fall behind 落后；跟不上 fall apart 破碎;（关系）破裂 fall back 后退，撤退 fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 ① The baby who is only ten months old can’t stand steadily and ___________ from time to time. 这个只有十个月大的婴儿不能平稳地站立，不时地摔倒。 ② If you don’t come to class regularly, you will in your studies. 如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。 ③ But in winter, when leaves trees, they also fly away. falls down/over fall behind fall off urge [ɜːdʒ] n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝 urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；催促的 urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地 urgency n. 紧急的事 have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 urge sb. to do sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事 urge that... (should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 It is urged that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事 【单句语法填空/句式升级/一句多译】 (1) (2025·浙江卷1月) If the information you're communicating isn't ____________ (urge), consider sending an email. (2)The local government urged the factory ________ (take) steps to stop the pollution. (3)People urge that we should go to bed early so that we can keep physically and mentally healthy. →________________________________________so that we can keep physically and mentally healthy. (4)老师敦促学生们为考试更加努力学习这对他们的未来成功至关重要。 →The teacher ________________________________________________ which was essential for their future success. urgent It is urged that we (should) go to bed early /urged the students to study harder for their exams, urged that the students (should) study harder for their exams, to take maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj.最大极限的 n.最大量;最大限度 maximize v.使最大化 minimum adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的 n. 最低限度; 最小值; 最少量 minimize v.使最小化 a maximum of 至多 你最多可以从图书馆借十本书。 to the maximum 到最大程度 The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum. THANK YOU! Science Fiction Unit 1 43_Words and Expressions in Unit 1 人民教育电子音像出版社 普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第四册 371463.53 $