Unit5-知识清单1 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单围绕八下Unit 5“Good manners”主题，系统梳理礼仪相关核心知识。从Welcome to the unit的基础词汇短语（如good manners, drop litter等）入手，逐步过渡到Reading部分的跨文化礼仪差异句型（如address sb., praise的用法等），构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“基础词汇-短语搭配-句型应用-跨文化对比”逻辑展开，每个知识点附词性辨析、搭配示例及语境例句。通过对比（如on time与in time）、跨文化案例（中外称赞回应差异）培养语言能力与文化意识，助力学生构建完整礼仪知识框架，提升英语综合运用能力。

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 5 Good manners Welcome to the unit 1. Good manners 良好的礼仪 · manners n. [pl.] 礼仪，礼貌 good manners 有礼貌；良好的礼仪 bad manners 没礼貌；坏习惯 table manners 餐桌礼仪 Lisa, don’t talk with your mouth full! It’s bad manners. 莉萨，不要满嘴食物的时候讲话！这是不礼貌的。 It is good table manners to pick up food with serving chopsticks. 使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。 Manners make the man. 礼貌造就人。 2. Drop litter 乱扔垃圾 · litter un. 垃圾 pick up the litter 捡垃圾 litter bin 垃圾桶 Litter is harmful to the environment. 垃圾对环境有害。 People will be fined for dropping litter. 人们将因乱扔垃圾而被罚款。 · litter v. 乱扔；使凌乱 be littered with 到处都是；散落着（一般指不好的东西） Broken glass littered the streets. 街上到处是玻璃碎片。 The ground is littered with leaves.地上到处都是落叶。 3. Leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流水 · leave 使保留，让…… 处于（某种状态、某地等） leave sb./sth. + doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 leave sb./sth. + adj. /adv. 让某人/某物处于某状态 Please don't leave the machine running. 不要让机器一直运转。 He left us talking happily together. 他任由我们开心地聊着天。 Leave the door open, please. 请让门开着。 Don't leave your books everywhere. 别把书到处乱放。 4. Wait in line patiently 耐心地排队等候 · patiently adv. 耐心地 She sat patiently waiting for her turn. 她耐心地坐着等候轮到自己。 · patient cn. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 be patient with … 对……有耐心 A patient should follow the doctor’s advice. 病人应该听从医嘱。 The teacher is very patient with her students. 这位老师对她的学生很有耐心。 · patience un.耐心 When you’re studying a language, the keyword is patience. 学习一门语言时，最重要的是耐心。 5. Congratulations, Shirley. 祝贺你，雪莉。 · congratulations n. [pl.] 祝贺 congratulations to sb (on sth)（因某事）向某人表示祝贺 Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning? 恭喜你！可以分享一下你的学习秘诀吗？ Congratulations to you on winning a gold medal at the skating competition! 祝贺你在滑冰比赛中获得金牌！ · congratulate vt. 祝贺 congratulate sb. on doing sth. 因某事/做某事祝贺某人 I congratulated them all on their results. 我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。 I want to congratulate you on passing the exam. 我想祝贺你通过了考试。 6. And don’t forget to return to class on time. 并且不要忘记准时返回班级。 · on time 准时（强调按规定时间、不迟到，用于上班、开会、交作业等需要守时的场景） The plane will take off on time. 飞机将按时起飞。 · in time 及时（强调及时、赶在关键时刻之前，用于救火、救人、赶上车、弥补错误等） The firemen arrived in time and put out the fire. 消防员及时赶到并扑灭了火。 · at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时，偶尔 all the time 始终，一直 once upon a time 从前 at a time 每次，逐一 have a good time 玩得开心 for the first time 首次，第一次 Reading 1. My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home, but I've noticed some interesting differences in manners. 我的中国朋友们很友好，让我感到宾至如归，但我也注意到了一些有趣的礼仪方面的差异。 · make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us laugh. 我们的英语老师很幽默，他经常讲有趣的笑话逗我们大笑。 · make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人 / 某物处于…… 状态 Miss Li has lots of teaching experience. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting. 李老师有着丰富的教学经验。她有自己的方法使课堂生动有趣。 · feel at home 舒适自在，不拘束 The care I have received makes me feel at home. 我所受到的照顾让我感觉宾至如归。 2. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 例如，在正式场合中，他们通常用 “您” 来称呼他人。 · address sb. 称呼某人 In formal situations, we address others with respect. 在正式场合，我们恭敬地称呼他人。 You can address her by her first name in daily life. 日常生活中你可以直呼她的名字。 · address cn. 地址；演讲 Please send me your address and phone number. 请把你的地址和电话号码发送给我。 3. If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin. 如果你想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用 “您” 准错不了。 · politeness n. 礼貌 → polite adj. 有礼貌的 → politely adv. 有礼貌地 The child was praised for her politeness towards the teacher. 这个小孩因对老师有礼貌而受到表扬。 She is always polite to her neighbours. 她对邻居总是很有礼貌。 He asked politely if he could leave early. 他礼貌地询问能否提前离开。 4. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我还意识到，当面对称赞时，中国人和英国人表现很不同。 · realize = realise vt. 意识到（后接名词、代词或从句作宾语） He didn't realize his mistakes. 他没有意识到自己的错误。 They realized that even a small act of kindness could bring great joy to others. 他们意识到，即使是一个小小的善举，也能给他人带来巨大的喜悦。 · realize vt. 实现（后面常接 dream、goal 等名词作宾语） If you try your best, you will realize your dream.如果你尽全力，就会实现你的梦想。 · behave vi. 表现 behave one 守规矩；举止得体 behave well 表现好 behave badly 表现 I hope you’ll behave yourselves during the trip. 我希望你们在旅行中守规矩。 Parents must make sure their children behave well so that they won't cause any trouble for others. 父母必须确保他们的孩子表现得体，以免给别人带来麻烦。 Remember not to behave badly at the party. 记得不要在派对上表现得没礼貌。 · differently adv. 不同地（常用来修饰动词） → different adj. 不同的 → difference cn. 差异；不同之处 She thinks differently from her brother. 她的想法和她哥哥不一样。 My lifestyle is different from yours. 我的生活方式和你的不一样。 Can you find the differences between the two pictures? 你能找出这两幅图的不同之处吗？ · praise n.&vt. 称赞，赞美 in praise of ... 为赞扬……; 为歌颂…… win (high) praise (from...) 赢得(……的)(高度)赞扬 praise sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 因 (做) 某事而赞扬某人 / 某物 His movies win praise from the audience. 他的电影赢得了观众的赞扬。 She praised his cooking. 她称赞了他的厨艺。 Many people praised her for being a caring and creative teacher. 很多人称赞她是一位有爱心且富有创造力的老师。 · when it comes to + 名词/代词/doing 当涉及到……; 说到……; 在…… 方面 When it comes to English, he is very good. 说到英语，他很厉害。 When it comes to cooking, my mom is the best. 在做饭方面，我妈妈最棒。 When it comes to learning math, you need to be patient. 说到学数学，你需要耐心。 5. If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. 如果有人夸赞我的中文说得好，我会很高兴并表达自己对中文学习的热爱。 · pleased adj. 高兴的 be pleased with sth. /sb. 对某物/人感到满意 be pleased to do sth.高兴做某事 be pleased + that从句 因......而高兴 I am pleased with my new bike. 我对我的新自行车很满意。 She is pleased to meet you. 她很高兴见到你。 We are pleased that you can come. 我们很高兴你能来。 · pleasure n. 愉快；乐趣；乐事 My pleasure. 不客气（帮完忙、别人感谢你） With pleasure. 乐意效劳、没问题（别人还没让你做事，你答应帮忙） · pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；宜人的（常用于指人或事物具有 “使人感到愉悦” 的特征） We had a pleasant trip last week. 我们上周有一次令人愉快的旅行。 The weather here is very pleasant. 这里的天气非常宜人。 He is a pleasant boy. 他是一个讨人喜欢的男孩。 6. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying “thank you”, they often smile and reply, “Nali, nali.” 但是当我称赞我的中国朋友时，他们往往不说 “谢谢”，而是微笑着回答：“哪里，哪里。” · reply vt.&vi. 回答，答复（过去式为replied） reply to sb./sth. 答复某人/ 回复某事 reply with sth. 用某物/某种方式回应 He didn’t reply to my question. 他没有回答我的问题。 She replied with a smile. 她用微笑回应。 · reply cn. 回答；答复 make/give a reply to sb./sth. 对某人/某事做出答复 the reply to … ……的回答/答复 Please make a reply to me soon. 请尽快给我答复。 I don’t know the reply to this email. 我不知道这封邮件的回复内容。 7. They are too modest to accept praise openly. 他们过于谦虚，以至于不能公开接受赞美。 · openly adv. 公开地，毫不隐瞒地（在句中做状语，修饰动词或形容词，说明动作的方式或态度的特点） She openly tells us her ideas. 她毫不隐瞒地告诉我们她的想法。 She is openly proud of her country. 她毫不掩饰地为自己的国家感到自豪。 8. One day, my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner, and he was so hospitable. 有一天，我的寄宿家庭主人非常友善地邀请我共进晚餐，他十分热情好客。 · host n. 主人；主持人，东道主 The host is very kind. 这位主人非常友好。 We all liked the funny host of the show. 我们都喜欢这个节目的搞笑主持人。 Beijing is the host city of the Olympics. 北京是奥运会的主办城市/东道主。 · host vt. 主办；主持 (活动) host a meeting/event/show 主持会议/举办活动/主持节目 Our school will host a sports meeting. 我们学校将主办一场运动会。 She has hosted the evening news for over 10 years. 她主持晚间新闻已有10多年了。 9. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse！我吃了太多，因为我不好意思拒绝！ · refuse v. 拒绝，回绝 refuse sth. 拒绝某事/物 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 She politely refused his kind invitation to the dinner party. 她礼貌地拒绝了他去晚宴的盛情邀请。 She refused to tell lies to her parents even if she was in trouble. 即使遇到麻烦，她也拒绝向父母撒谎。 10. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 一开始，适应所有这些差异可能会很困难。 · get/be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事 I am used to getting up early every morning. 我习惯每天早起。 · used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to get up late, but now I get up early. 我过去常常起床很晚，但现在起得很早。 · be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Computers are used to help us study. 电脑被用来帮助我们学习。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $