专题01 Units 1～2 单词短语句型语法（期中复习知识清单）八年级英语下学期新教材译林版

专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Past and present 重点单词及变形 crowd n. 人群 v. 拥挤 → __________ adj. 拥挤的 convenient adj. 便利的；方便的 → __________ n. 方便；便利 innovate v. 创新；革新；引入新事物 → __________ n. 创新 south n. 南方 adj. 南方的 adv. 向南 → __________ adj. 南部的；南方的 pioneer n. 先锋，先驱 → __________ adj. 开拓性的 lead v. 引领；领导 → __________ n. 领袖，领导者 → __________ n. 领导才能，领导素质 wealth n. 财产；财富；大量；丰富 → __________ adj. 富有的 educate v. 教育；教导 → __________ n. 教育 → __________ adj. 教育的；有教育意义的 electric adj. 电动的；带电的，侧重于与电直接相关的 → __________ adj. 电子的；电子设备的，侧重于电子技术、电子设备方面的 → __________ n. 电；电能 develop v. 发展；开发；培养 → __________ n. 发展；发育；成长；壮大 → __________ adj. 发展中的 → __________ adj. 发达的 create v. 创造；创建；创作 → __________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 → __________ n. 创造力 → __________ n. 创造；创作 mud n. 泥；淤泥；泥浆 → __________ adj. 泥泞的 village n. 村庄；村镇 → __________ n. 村民 hope n.&v. 希望 → __________ adj. 有希望的；抱有希望的，满怀希望的 → __________ adv. 有希望地 → __________ adj. 没有希望的；不能解决的 tour n.&v. 旅行；旅游 → __________ n. 游客；旅游者 → __________ n. 旅游业；观光业 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ...的关键 ________________________ 2. 在过去的 40 年里________________________ 3. 过去常常做某事________________________ 4. 改革开放________________________ 5. 被用来做某事 ________________________ 6. 在...核心________________________ 7. 习惯于(做)某事________________________ 8. 引领从...到...的转变________________________ 9. 挤满；充满________________________ 10. 大量的________________________ 11. 赢得来自...的荣誉________________________ 12. 也，除了，和________________________ 13. 以...的速度 ___________ 14. 通过做...谋生________________________ 15. 生活条件 ________________________ 16. 变成____________ 16. 到目前____________________ 17. 宾至如归______________________ 18. 冉冉升起的新星_________________ 19. 踏上 ___________________ 20. 对...满怀期望____________ 21. 同龄人_______________ 22. 回到那时________________ 23. 对...很普遍 ____________ 24. 留宿__________________ 25. 听到...的想法_______________ 26. 和...有联系_______________ 27. 毕业 _____________________ 28. 结果_______________ 29. 和...一起 _____________ 30. 自从20世纪70年代末_________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 用法精萃 1. 做某事的关键_______________ 2.过去常常_______________ 3. 习惯做_______________ 4.被用来做_______________ 5.已经做_______________ 6.一个更...的...._______________ 7.自从..._______________ 8.一段时间_______________ 9.大量的_______________ 10.做某事的好地方_______________ 11.有某人/某事正在做_______________ 12.幸亏做某事_______________ 13.希望做某事_______________ 14.计划做某事_______________ 15.加入某人做某事_______________ 16.碰巧做某事_______________ 17.谢谢你做某事_______________ 18.快乐做某事_______________ 19.做某事有趣_______________ 20.做某事有趣_______________ 21.做某事有趣_______________ 22.做...很普遍_______________ 23. 和，也 谓语看主语决定_______________ 24. 致力于做某事_______________ 25. 鼓励某人做某事_______________ 26. 第一个做某事的城市_______________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点句型 1.——过去的数十年间中国发生了巨大的变化 ____________________________________________ 2. ——短短四十年间，这座中国南方的城市，从一个渔村发展成为顶尖的高科技城市。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.——它已发展成为全球科技产业的重要中心，汇聚了众多科技巨头。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.——此外，该市还因在鼓励公众阅读方面树 立榜样而荣获联合国教科文组织奖项。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5——深圳是全球首个几乎全部公交和出租车使用绿色能源的城市。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.——20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，成为我国发展的一个缩影。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.——由于公共交通十分便利，人们出行十分方便。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.——深圳的开拓精神，加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力，无疑是深圳成功的关键。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.——他至今已在该公司工作了17年多。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.——街道上经常有垃圾。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 used to 的核心用法 含义：过去常常做某事，现在已经不做了，强调今昔对比。 结构：used to + 动词____________ —She used to live in Shanghai.（她过去住在上海，现在不住了。） 否定式：___________ + 动词原形 / _______________ + 动词原形 —I didn't use to go to school by bike.（我过去不常骑自行车上学。） 疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ —Did you use to go to school by bike?（你过去常骑自行车上学吗？） used to do、be used to do、be used to doing区分 used to do 含义：过去常常做某事（现在不做了），强调今昔对比。 结构：used to + 动词原形 —I used to go to school by bike.（我过去常骑自行车上学，现在不这样了） 否定式：didn’t use to do /used not to do be used to do 含义：______________，是 use sth to do sth 的被动语态。 结构：be 动词 + used + to + 动词原形 —Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸） 同义句：People use wood to make paper. be used to doing 含义：_____________，这里的 to 是介词，后接____________________。 结构：be 动词 + used + to + 动名词 / 名词 —She is used to walking to school.（她习惯步行上学） 同义替换：get used to doing（强调 “逐渐习惯” 的过程） 语法点02 现在完成时 1.现在完成时的用法：持续、影响、次数 2.现在完成时的构成 （1）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 （2）否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去分词+其他 （3）一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 （注意：此处的have/has是助动词，不是实义动词） 3.现在完成时的时间状语标志★★★ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 注意：并非所有含有时间状语for+时间段的句子都用现在完成时。 —I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作） —I have worked here for many years. （我现在仍在这里工作） 4.一般过去时的时间状语标志★★★(默写) ★___________________________________________________________________________________ 语法点03 现在完成时中时间提示词的位置以及所在句型 一，already、just、yet、ever 副词 含义 常见语境 位置（√为正确，×为错误） already​ 已经 have already​ done just​ 刚刚 have just​ done yet​ 还（未）/ 已经（吗） have not ... yet​ ever​ 曾经 Have you ever​ done...? 二、分词详解与例句 1. already（已经） 位置：have/has + already + 过去分词 用法：表示动作比预期提前完成，常用于肯定句。在疑问句中使用 already 表示惊讶（“难道已经……了吗？”）。 句型 例句 中文 肯定句 我已经做完作业了。 疑问句 你已经吃过了？（表示惊讶） 2. just（刚刚） 位置：have/has + just + 过去分词 用法：强调动作在非常短的时间前刚刚发生，通常只用于肯定句。 句型 例句 中文 肯定句 她刚刚离开办公室。 否定句 (通常不用 just，用 not yet) 3. yet（还/已经） 位置：疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + yet? 否定句：have/has + not + 过去分词 + yet 用法：是现在完成时的“标志词”，用于询问是否完成或表示尚未完成。必须放在句末（在否定句中紧接在 not 后，在疑问句中位于句尾）。 句型 例句 中文 疑问句 Has the movie started yet? 电影开始了吗？ 否定句 I haven't decided yet. 我还没有决定。 4. ever（曾经） 位置：Have/Has + ever + 过去分词 用法：用于疑问句，询问“在一生中是否曾经有过某种经历”。在肯定句中通常用 once（一次）或 often（经常）代替 ever。 句型 例句 中文 疑问句 Have you ever been to Paris? 你曾经去过巴黎吗？ 否定句 I haven't ever seen such a thing. 我从未见过这样的事。（语气比 never 弱） 三、易错点与对比辨析 位置死穴：这四个词绝对不能放在过去分词后面。 ❌ I have finished already.(错误) ✅ I have already​ finished.(正确) already vs. yet： Already​ 用于肯定句，表示“已经”。 Yet​ 用于否定句和疑问句，表示“还（没）”或“已经（吗）”。 例：He has already​ arrived.(肯定) vs. He hasn't arrived yet.(否定) just 的特殊性：just 强调“刚刚”，通常不与具体时间连用。不能说 I have just finished 5 minutes ago，只能说 I just finished 5 minutes ago（此时用一般过去时）。 ever 的答语：回答 Have you ever...? 时，肯定回答常用 Yes, I have.​ 或 Yes, once.；否定回答用 No, never.（比 No, I haven't. 更地道）。 语法点04 现在完成时单词的规则变形 一、规则动词的 4 种变形公式 绝大多数动词直接在词尾加 -ed​ 构成过去分词。具体变形规则如下： 变形规则 动词原形 过去分词 记忆口诀 work / play worked / played 大多数动词直接加 live / like lived / liked 词尾有 e 省去 e stop / plan stopped / planned 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母 study / carry studied / carried 辅音 + y 结尾，y 变 i 特别注意：以元音 + y 结尾的动词（如 play, enjoy），y 不变，直接加 ed。 二、-ed 的三种发音规则 过去分词的 -ed 结尾发音并不固定，需根据词尾音素判断： 发音 规则 示例单词 /t/​ 清辅音结尾（p, k, s, f, sh, ch 等） helped, liked, washed /d/​ 浊辅音或元音结尾 played, lived, studied /ɪd/​ t 或 d 结尾 wanted, needed 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“描写家乡的变化”。写作时，人称第一人称；时态现在完成时和过去式。 谋篇布局 开头 总领家乡这些年来发生了巨大的变化 中间 写具体变化在哪些方便，比如交通，住宅，环境... 结尾 写对未来美好生活的展望 二、写作通用表达 Many changes have taken place in...during the last...years. In the past,there were ...but now. Back then,there were not...but today … Years ago,people... Today,however,they.. Moreover,most families ... Thanks to the government, … Today,families can .. Now,living in...is ...and... 三、范文背诵 Great Changes in My Hometown My hometown, Yangzhou, is an ancient city that I deeply love. In recent years, I have found that it has changed a lot. The changes are not only in its appearance but also in people’s lives. First, the environment has become much better. Our local government has built many new parks and planted countless trees along the streets. The Grand Canal, which runs through the city, has been cleaned up. Now, the water is clearer, and people often walk or cycle along the banks. I have seen more and more birds flying here. It’s really beautiful. Second, people’s lifestyles have changed greatly. A few years ago, most people rode bicycles or took buses. Now, many families have bought their own cars. Also, high-speed railways have connected our city to more places. It has become much easier for us to travel. Shopping has changed too. In the past, we often went to markets or shops. Today, many people, including my grandparents, have started to shop online. They say it’s very convenient. However, the biggest change I have noticed is in communication. Almost everyone, from teenagers to the elderly, has learned to use smart phones. WeChat has become a part of daily life. My family has created a WeChat group. We share photos and news there every day, even when we are not together. It has broughtus closer. These are the changes in my hometown. I have enjoyed all these changes because they make our life more comfortable and colourful. I believe my hometown will become even better in the future. Unit 2 Amazing China 重点单词变形 scare v. 使惊恐；吓唬；使害怕 → __________ adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 → __________ adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的；骇人的 explore v. 探索；勘探；探究 → __________ n. 探险者；勘探者 attract v. 吸引；引起（兴趣、注意）; 招引 → __________ n. 向往的地方，有吸引力的事；吸引 → __________ adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的 choice n. 选择；选择权 → __________ v. 选择；挑选 history n. 历史；历史课 → __________ adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的 → __________ adj. 历史的；有关历史的 admire v. 欣赏；仰慕 → __________ n. 钦佩；赞赏 →__________ adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 centre n. 中心，中央 → __________ adj. 在中心的，中央的 imagine v. 想象；设想 → __________ n. 想象力；幻想 → __________ adj. 富有想象力的 mix v. 混合；混杂；结合 → __________ n. 混合物；混合 marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 →__________ adj. 结婚的；已婚的 & 过去式 → __________ n. 婚姻；结婚 classic adj. 具有代表性的；经典的 n. 经典著作；典范；杰作 → __________ adj. 古典的 base n. 基地；根据地；总部；大本营；根基；基础 v. 以… 为据点 →__________ adj. 基本的；首要的；初步的 重点短语 1.名胜古迹_______________________ 2. 比起做...更喜欢做..._______________________ 3.比起做...更喜欢做..._______________________ 4.位于下游_______________________ 5.富含_______________________ 6.拥有...得历史_______________________ 7.对于某人来说是很好的选择_________________ 8.值得一游_______________________ 9.值得做_______________________ 10.以...为荣_______________________ 11.权利_______________________ 12.因为...欣赏_______________________ 13.前往_______________________ 14....的收藏_______________________ 15.和...相似_______________________ 16.去过（已经回来）_______________________ 17.去了（还没回来）_______________________ 18.去出差_______________________ 19.直到...才_______________________ 20.使你感觉放松_______________________ 21.炫耀，展示，彰显_______________________ 22.俗话说_______________________ 23....的融合_______________________ 24.一大乐事_______________________ 用法精萃 1. 想象做某事_______________________ 2. 有时间做某事_______________________ 3.迫不及待做某事_______________________ 4.忙于做某事_______________________ 5.做某事有困难_______________________ 6.更喜欢做_______________________ 7.某物使某人害怕_______________________ 8.某人感觉害怕_______________________ 9.一个让人害怕的某物____________________ 10.保护嘴完好的城墙之一__________________ 11.值得做_______________________ 12.为什么不_______________________ 13.做某事的好方法_______________________ 14.曾经是..._______________________ 15.除了做别无选择_______________________ 16.确保做_______________________ 17.做某事愉快_______________________ 重点句型 1. ——不到长城非好汉。 __________________________________________________________________________ 2. ——水体颜色随季节与天气变化而改变。 __________________________________________________________________________ 3. ——那里的壮丽山景与历史建筑绝对值得一游。 __________________________________________________________________________ 4. ——这是感受怀旧氛围的好去处。 __________________________________________________________________________ 5. — —自唐朝以来，这座城市便以牡丹闻名遐迩。 __________________________________________________________________________ 6. — —凭借悠久的历史底蕴与深厚的文化积淀，这里每年吸引着数百万海内外游客慕名而来。 __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ 7. — —这实在令人惊叹，因为人们根本无法想象古人是如何建造这些建筑的。 __________________________________________________________________________ 8. — —我不仅欣赏这座城市的美丽风光，更钟情于其深厚的文化底蕴。 __________________________________________________________________________ 9. — —薇琪玩得非常开心，还跟我详细讲解了故宫博物院和沈阳故宫博物院之间的诸多不同之处。 __________________________________________________________________________ 10. — —延安曾是中国共产党的中心根据地，后来又成为中华民族在艰难岁月中奋斗历程的象征。 __________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 11. — —这是一座大型博物馆，馆藏丰富，包含数千张历史照片等珍贵文献资料。 _________________________________________________________________________ 12. — —在那里，您将深入了解我们的英雄们在艰难时期所付出的巨大努力。 __________________________________________________________________________ 13. 语法精讲 语法点01 have been to &have gone to&have been in have/has gone to+ 地点 ★Where is...? （去了未回） have/has been to+ 地点+ 次数 （去过已回） have/has been in+ 地点+ for时间段/since时间点/since从句 （去过已回） 语法点02 现在完成时中的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换 中文 短暂性动词 (对应一般过去时) 延续性动词 (对应现在完成时) 现在完成时 谓语动词构成 单选题必错项 (单独出现的话要先排除) 1开放 open have/has opened 2关闭 close have/has closed 3生病 fall ill have/has fallen ill 4入睡 fall asleep have/has fallen asleep 5开始 begin/start have/has begun/started 6结束/停止 finish/stop have/has finished/stopped 7来/去/到达 come/go/arrive have/has come/went/arrived 8离开 leave have/has left 9结婚 marry/get married have/has married/got married 10死 die have/has died 11参加 join have/has joined 12感冒 catch a cold have/has caught a cold 13买 buy have/has bought 14借 borrow have/has borrowed 语法点03 现在完成时动词的不规则变形 （1）AAB型 1个 beat-beat-beaten （2）ABA型 3个 run-ran-____________ come-came-___________ become-became-_______ （3）AAA型 10个 hit-hit-____________ put-put-____________ cut-cut-____________ let-let-____________ set-set-____________ cost-cost-____________ hurt-hurt-____________ shut-shut-____________ read-read-____________ spread-spread-_________ 思考1：动词的过去分词同原形形式一致的，有多少个？它们分别是？ （4）ABC型 36个 ▲show-showed-shown take-took-____________ give-gave-____________ rise-rose-____________ grow-grew-____________ mistake-mistook-________ drive-drove-___________ see-saw-____________ blow-blew-____________ shake-shook-__________ draw-drew-____________ know-knew-__________ throw-threw-__________ 思考2：上述13个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ be-was/were-__________ eat-ate-____________ fall-fell-____________ 思考3：上述3个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ 这种规律只体现在ABC型上吗，其他类型是否有动词存在相同规律？若有，是哪种类型？ break-broke-___________ wake-woke-___________ steal-stole-____________ choose-chose-_________ speak-spoke-__________ 思考4：上述5个动词，其过去分词和过去式相比较，有什么规律？ hide-hid-____________ ride-rode-____________ write-wrote-___________ forget-forgot-__________ 点拨1：上述4个动词， 双写，易错 sing-sang-____________ begin-began-__________ drink-drank-___________ swim-swam-___________ ring-rang-____________ 点拨2：上述5个动词，i-a-u bear-bore-____________ do-did-____________ fly-flew-____________ wear-wore-____________ go-went-____________ ■lie(躺)-lay-____________ 点拨3：尝试找找bear和wear、do和go，其过去分词和原形相比较的规律 （5） ABB型 48个 deal-dealt-____________ mean-meant-____________ dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 思考5：上述5个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ get-got-got dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shone hold-held-held hang(悬挂)-hung-hung sit-sat-sat win-won-won stick-stuck-stuck 点拨4：上述8个动词，1个元音字母变化 send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent lend-lent-lent build-built-built 点拨5：上述4个动词，d→t feed-fed-fed meet-met-met speed-speeded/sped-speeded/sped lead-led-led 点拨6：上述4个动词，减去1个e或1个a buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought fight-fought-fought think-thought-thought 点拨7：上述4个动词，ought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught 点拨8：上述2个动词，aught feel-felt-felt spell-spelled/spelt-spelled/spelt smell-smelled/smelt-smelled/smelt 点拨9：上述3个动词，elt lay-laid-laid pay-paid-paid say-said-said 点拨10：上述3个动词，aid sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-kept 点拨11：上述2个动词，ept sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 点拨12：上述2个动词，old lose-lost-lost stand-stood-stood hear-heard-heard light-lighted/lit-lighted/lit make-made-made understand-understood-understood leave-left-left find-found-found ▲show-showed-showed ■lie(撒谎)-lied-lied have-had-had 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“写一个中国的景点”。写作时，人称第一人称；时态一般现在时。 谋篇布局 开头 写要介绍的地方 中间 写一到两个该地的特色景点以及食物 结尾 写自己感想 二、写作通用表达 ….is a popular attraction for ... …is/rests in... ...dates back to... …is special because... You can... What's more,you can enjoy/learn... You can also come here to... It is a must-see for . 三、范文背诵 The Great Wall: A Walk Through History The Great Wall of China is one of the most amazing places in China. It is not just a wall; it is a symbol of China's long history. The Great Wall is very, very long. People say that it is about 21,000 kilometers long. It was built over 2,000 years ago to protect the country. It winds like a giant dragon over mountains and through valleys. The part in Beijing, like Badaling, is the most famous. Millions of people from all over the world to visit it every year. Standing on the Wall, you can see the fantastic view. The ancient bricks and watchtowers tell many old stories. It makes you think about the hard work of the people in ancient China. Visiting the Great Wall is not just a trip,it is a walk through history. It truly is an amazing wonder of China. $专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Past and present 重点单词及变形 crowd n. 人群 v. 拥挤 → crowded adj. 拥挤的 convenient adj. 便利的；方便的 → convenience n. 方便；便利 innovate v. 创新；革新；引入新事物 → innovation n. 创新 south n. 南方 adj. 南方的 adv. 向南 → southern adj. 南部的；南方的 pioneer n. 先锋，先驱 → pioneering adj. 开拓性的 lead v. 引领；领导 → leader n. 领袖，领导者 → leadership n. 领导才能，领导素质 wealth n. 财产；财富；大量；丰富 → wealthy adj. 富有的 educate v. 教育；教导 → education n. 教育 → educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的 electric adj. 电动的；带电的，侧重于与电直接相关的 → electronic adj. 电子的；电子设备的，侧重于电子技术、电子设备方面的 → electricity n. 电；电能 develop v. 发展；开发；培养 → development n. 发展；发育；成长；壮大 → developing adj. 发展中的 → developed adj. 发达的 create v. 创造；创建；创作 → creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 → creativity n. 创造力 → creation n. 创造；创作 mud n. 泥；淤泥；泥浆 → muddy adj. 泥泞的 village n. 村庄；村镇 → villager n. 村民 hope n.&v. 希望 → hopeful adj. 有希望的；抱有希望的，满怀希望的 → hopefully adv. 有希望地 → hopeless adj. 没有希望的；不能解决的 tour n.&v. 旅行；旅游 → tourist n. 游客；旅游者 → tourism n. 旅游业；观光业 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 the key to sth/doing 。。。的关键 over the last 40 years 在过去的 40 年里 used to do 过去常常做某事 reform and opening up 改革开放 be used to do 被用来做某事 at the heart of 在...核心 be used to doing/sth 习惯于(做)某事 lead the move from ...to .....引领从...到...的转变 be crowded with 挤满；充满 a wealth of 大量的 win an honour from 赢得来自...的荣誉 as well as 也，除了，和 at the speed of 以...的速度 make a living by doing通过做...谋生 living conditions 生活条件 turn into 变成 up to now 到目前 Feel like home 宾至如归 a rising star冉冉升起的新星 Step onto 踏上 feel hopeful about对...满怀期望 Be sb’s age 同龄人 back then 回到那时 be common to 对...很普遍 stay overnight 留宿 hear your thoughts about 听到...的想法 has a connection with 和...有联系 finished college 毕业 as a result结果 together with 和...一起 since the late 1970s 自从20世纪70年代末 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 用法精萃 1. the key to doing 做某事的关键 2.used to do 过去常常 3. be/get used to doing习惯做 4.be used to do被用来做 5.have/has done 已经做 6.a +比较级+名单 一个更...的.... 7.since+时间点 自从... 8.for+时间段 一段时间 9.a wealth of+不可数 大量的 10.a great place to do做某事的好地方 11.there be sb/sth doing 有某人/某事正在做 12.thanks to doing 幸亏做某事 13.hope to do希望做某事 14.plan to do计划做某事 15.join sb in doing加入某人做某事 16.happen to do 碰巧做某事 17.thank you for doing 谢谢你做某事 18.be happy to do 快乐做某事 19.have fun doing 做某事有趣 20.it is fun to to do 做某事有趣 21.what great fun we have doing做某事有趣 22.it’s common to do做...很普遍 23. as well as 和，也 谓语看主语决定 24. work to do. 致力于做某事 25. encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 26. the first city to do第一个做某事的城市 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点句型 1.——过去的数十年间中国发生了巨大的变化 ——Great changes have taken place in China over the years. 2.——短短四十年间，这座中国南方的城市，从一个渔村发展成为顶尖的高科技城市。 ——In about 40 years,Shenzhen,a city in southern China,has developed from a fishing village to a top high-tech city. 3.——它已发展成为全球科技产业的重要中心，汇聚了众多科技巨头。 ——It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants. 4.——此外，该市还因在鼓励公众阅读方面树 立榜样而荣获联合国教科文组织奖项。 ——Moreover,the city has won an award from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 5——深圳是全球首个几乎全部公交和出租车使用绿色能源的城市。 ——Shenzhen is the first city in the world to use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis. 6.——20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，成为我国发展的一个缩影。 ——Since the late 1970s,Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China's development. 7.——由于公共交通十分便利，人们出行十分方便。 ——People can get around easily thanks to excellent public transport. 8.——深圳的开拓精神，加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力，无疑是深圳成功的关键。 ——The city's pioneering spirit,together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens,is certainly the key to Shenzhen’s success. 9.——他至今已在该公司工作了17年多。 ——He has worked at the company for over 17 years up to now. 10.——街道上经常有垃圾。 ——There was often rubbish lying in the streets. 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 used to 的核心用法 含义：过去常常做某事，现在已经不做了，强调今昔对比。 结构：used to + 动词原形 —She used to live in Shanghai.（她过去住在上海，现在不住了。） 否定式：didn't use to + 动词原形 / used not to + 动词原形 —I didn't use to go to school by bike.（我过去不常骑自行车上学。） 疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ —Did you use to go to school by bike?（你过去常骑自行车上学吗？） used to do、be used to do、be used to doing区分 used to do 含义：过去常常做某事（现在不做了），强调今昔对比。 结构：used to + 动词原形 —I used to go to school by bike.（我过去常骑自行车上学，现在不这样了） 否定式：didn’t use to do /used not to do be used to do 含义：被用来做某事，是 use sth to do sth 的被动语态。 结构：be 动词 + used + to + 动词原形 —Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸） 同义句：People use wood to make paper. be used to doing 含义：习惯于做某事，这里的 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 结构：be 动词 + used + to + 动名词 / 名词 —She is used to walking to school.（她习惯步行上学） 同义替换：get used to doing（强调 “逐渐习惯” 的过程） 语法点02 现在完成时 1.现在完成时的用法：持续、影响、次数 2.现在完成时的构成 （1）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 （2）否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去分词+其他 （3）一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 （注意：此处的have/has是助动词，不是实义动词） 3.现在完成时的时间状语标志★★★ already, (not)yet, never, ever, just, recently, 句末的before, ★so far/up to now(到目前为止)/until now/till now since then, since 2008, since I was born[从句], since... ago, for+时间段 in the past/over the past+时间段 注意：并非所有含有时间状语for+时间段的句子都用现在完成时。 —I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作） —I have worked here for many years. （我现在仍在这里工作） 4.一般过去时的时间状语标志★★★(默写) ★the other day(那天，前几天), yesterday, last..., ago 语法点03 现在完成时中时间提示词的位置以及所在句型 一，already、just、yet、ever 副词 含义 常见语境 位置（√为正确，×为错误） already​ 已经 肯定句，强调动作完成 have already​ done just​ 刚刚 肯定句，强调动作刚结束 have just​ done yet​ 还（未）/ 已经（吗） 否定句与疑问句 have not ... yet​ ever​ 曾经 疑问句，询问“人生经历” Have you ever​ done...? 二、分词详解与例句 1. already（已经） 位置：have/has + already + 过去分词 用法：表示动作比预期提前完成，常用于肯定句。在疑问句中使用 already 表示惊讶（“难道已经……了吗？”）。 句型 例句 中文 肯定句 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 疑问句 Have you already eaten? 你已经吃过了？（表示惊讶） 2. just（刚刚） 位置：have/has + just + 过去分词 用法：强调动作在非常短的时间前刚刚发生，通常只用于肯定句。 句型 例句 中文 肯定句 She has just leftthe office. 她刚刚离开办公室。 否定句 (通常不用 just，用 not yet) 3. yet（还/已经） 位置：疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + yet? 否定句：have/has + not + 过去分词 + yet 用法：是现在完成时的“标志词”，用于询问是否完成或表示尚未完成。必须放在句末（在否定句中紧接在 not 后，在疑问句中位于句尾）。 句型 例句 中文 疑问句 Has​ the movie started yet? 电影开始了吗？ 否定句 I haven't​ decided yet. 我还没有决定。 4. ever（曾经） 位置：Have/Has + ever + 过去分词 用法：用于疑问句，询问“在一生中是否曾经有过某种经历”。在肯定句中通常用 once（一次）或 often（经常）代替 ever。 句型 例句 中文 疑问句 Have​ you ever been​ to Paris? 你曾经去过巴黎吗？ 否定句 I haven't ever seen​ such a thing. 我从未见过这样的事。（语气比 never 弱） 三、易错点与对比辨析 位置死穴：这四个词绝对不能放在过去分词后面。 ❌ I have finished already.(错误) ✅ I have already finished.(正确) already vs. yet： Already​ 用于肯定句，表示“已经”。 Yet​ 用于否定句和疑问句，表示“还（没）”或“已经（吗）”。 例：He has already​ arrived.(肯定) vs. He hasn't arrived yet.(否定) just 的特殊性：just 强调“刚刚”，通常不与具体时间连用。不能说 I have just finished 5 minutes ago，只能说 I just finished 5 minutes ago（此时用一般过去时）。 ever 的答语：回答 Have you ever...? 时，肯定回答常用 Yes, I have.​ 或 Yes, once.；否定回答用 No, never.（比 No, I haven't. 更地道）。 语法点04 现在完成时单词的规则变形 一、规则动词的 4 种变形公式 绝大多数动词直接在词尾加 -ed​ 构成过去分词。具体变形规则如下： 变形规则 动词原形 过去分词 记忆口诀 直接 + ed​ work / play worked / played 大多数动词直接加 去 e + d​ live / like lived / liked 词尾有 e 省去 e 双写 + ed​ stop / plan stopped / planned 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母 y 变 i + ed​ study / carry studied / carried 辅音 + y 结尾，y 变 i 特别注意：以元音 + y 结尾的动词（如 play, enjoy），y 不变，直接加 ed。 二、-ed 的三种发音规则 过去分词的 -ed 结尾发音并不固定，需根据词尾音素判断： 发音 规则 示例单词 /t/​ 清辅音结尾（p, k, s, f, sh, ch 等） helped, liked, washed /d/​ 浊辅音或元音结尾 played, lived, studied /ɪd/​ t 或 d 结尾 wanted, needed 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“描写家乡的变化”。写作时，人称第一人称；时态现在完成时和过去式。 谋篇布局 开头 总领家乡这些年来发生了巨大的变化 中间 写具体变化在哪些方便，比如交通，住宅，环境... 结尾 写对未来美好生活的展望 二、写作通用表达 Many changes have taken place in...during the last...years. In the past,there were ...but now. Back then,there were not...but today … Years ago,people... Today,however,they.. Moreover,most families ... Thanks to the government, … Today,families can .. Now,living in...is ...and... 三、范文背诵 Great Changes in My Hometown My hometown, Yangzhou, is an ancient city that I deeply love. In recent years, I have found that it has changed a lot. The changes are not only in its appearance but also in people’s lives. First, the environment has become much better. Our local government has built many new parks and planted countless trees along the streets. The Grand Canal, which runs through the city, has been cleaned up. Now, the water is clearer, and people often walk or cycle along the banks. I have seen more and more birds flying here. It’s really beautiful. Second, people’s lifestyles have changed greatly. A few years ago, most people rode bicycles or took buses. Now, many families have bought their own cars. Also, high-speed railways have connected our city to more places. It has become much easier for us to travel. Shopping has changed too. In the past, we often went to markets or shops. Today, many people, including my grandparents, have started to shop online. They say it’s very convenient. However, the biggest change I have noticed is in communication. Almost everyone, from teenagers to the elderly, has learned to use smart phones. WeChat has become a part of daily life. My family has created a WeChat group. We share photos and news there every day, even when we are not together. It has broughtus closer. These are the changes in my hometown. I have enjoyed all these changes because they make our life more comfortable and colourful. I believe my hometown will become even better in the future. Unit 2 Amazing China 重点单词变形 scare v. 使惊恐；吓唬；使害怕 → scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 → scary adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的；骇人的 explore v. 探索；勘探；探究 → explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 attract v. 吸引；引起（兴趣、注意）; 招引 → attraction n. 向往的地方，有吸引力的事；吸引 → attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的 choice n. 选择；选择权 → choose v. 选择；挑选 history n. 历史；历史课 → historic adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的 → historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的 admire v. 欣赏；仰慕 → admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 centre n. 中心，中央 → central adj. 在中心的，中央的 imagine v. 想象；设想 → imagination n. 想象力；幻想 → imaginative adj. 富有想象力的 mix v. 混合；混杂；结合 → mixture n. 混合物；混合 marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → married adj. 结婚的；已婚的 & 过去式 → marriage n. 婚姻；结婚 classic adj. 具有代表性的；经典的 n. 经典著作；典范；杰作 → classical adj. 古典的 base n. 基地；根据地；总部；大本营；根基；基础 v. 以… 为据点 → basic adj. 基本的；首要的；初步的 重点短语 1. places of interest 名胜古迹 2. prefer doing to doing比起做...更喜欢做... 3.prefer to do rather than do比起做...更喜欢做... 4.rest in the lower reaches位于下游 5.rich in富含 6.with a history of拥有...得历史 7.a good choice for sb对于某人来说是很好的选择 8.be worth a visit 值得一游 9.be worth doing/sth值得做 10.be proud of 以...为荣 11.the seat of power 权利 12.admire for因为...欣赏 13.make one’s way to前往 14.a collection of ...的收藏 15.be similar to和...相似 16.have been to 去过（已经回来） 17.have gone to 去了（还没回来） 18.go for a business trip去出差 19.not...until直到...才 20.make you feel relaxed使你感觉放松 21.show off炫耀，展示，彰显 22.As the saying goes俗话说 23.a mix of ...的融合 24.a real treat 一大乐事 用法精萃 1. imagine doing 想象做某事 2. have time to 有时间做某事 3.can't wait to迫不及待做某事 4.be busy doing忙于做某事 5.have difficulty in doing做某事有困难 6.prefer doing 更喜欢做 7.sth scares sb 某物使某人害怕 8.sb feel scared 某人感觉害怕 9.a scary sth 一个让人害怕的某物 10.one of the best-protected walls 保护嘴完好的城墙之一 11.be worth doing 值得做 12.Why not do=why don’t you do 为什么不 13.a good way to do做某事的好方法 14.used to be sth/adj. 曾经是... 15.have no choice but to do除了做别无选择 16.make/be sure to do确保做 17.have a great time doing做某事愉快 重点句型 1. — —He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. ——不到长城非好汉。 2. ——The colour of the water changes according to the season and weather. ——水体颜色随季节与天气变化而改变。 3. —The fantastic mountain view and historic buildings there are well worth a visit. ——那里的壮丽山景与历史建筑绝对值得一游。 4.——It is a good way to enjoy the old-time vibes there. ——这是感受怀旧氛围的好去处。 5.——The city has been well known for its peonies since the Tang Dynasty. — —自唐朝以来，这座城市便以牡丹闻名遐迩。 6.— —With a long history and rich culture,it attracts millions of visitors from home and abroad every year. — —凭借悠久的历史底蕴与深厚的文化积淀，这里每年吸引着数百万海内外游客慕名而来。 7.— —It is amazing because you cannot imagine how people built them in ancient times. — —这实在令人惊叹，因为人们根本无法想象古人是如何建造这些建筑的。 8.— —I admire not only the beauty of the city but also its rich culture. — —我不仅欣赏这座城市的美丽风光，更钟情于其深厚的文化底蕴。 9.— —Vicky had a great time and told me a lot about the differences between the Palace Museum and the Shenyang Palace Museum. — —薇琪玩得非常开心，还跟我详细讲解了故宫博物院和沈阳故宫博物院之间的诸多不同之处。 10. — —Yan'an used to be the central point of the Communist Party of China and then it became a symbol of the Chinese people's struggle during the difficult period. — —延安曾是中国共产党的中心根据地，后来又成为中华民族在艰难岁月中奋斗历程的象征。 11. — —It is a large museum with a rich collection of historical records including thousands of photographs。 — —这是一座大型博物馆，馆藏丰富，包含数千张历史照片等珍贵文献资料。 12. — —There you will be able to learn a lot about our heroes'great efforts during hard times。 — —在那里，您将深入了解我们的英雄们在艰难时期所付出的巨大努力。 语法精讲 语法点01 have been to &have gone to&have been in have/has gone to+ 地点 ★Where is...? （去了未回） have/has been to+ 地点+ 次数 （去过已回） have/has been in+ 地点+ for时间段/since时间点/since从句 （去过已回） 语法点02 现在完成时中的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换 中文 短暂性动词 (对应一般过去时) 延续性动词 (对应现在完成时) 现在完成时 谓语动词构成 单选题必错项 (单独出现的话要先排除) 1开放 open be open have/has been open have/has opened 2关闭 close be closed have/has been closed have/has closed 3生病 fall ill be ill have/has been ill have/has fallen ill 4入睡 fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep have/has fallen asleep 5开始 begin/start be on have/has been on have/has begun/started 6结束/停止 finish/stop be over have/has been over have/has finished/stopped 7来/去/到达 come/go/arrive be in/at have/has been in/at have/has come/went/arrived 8离开 leave be away have/has been away have/has left 9结婚 marry/get married be married have/has been married have/has married/got married 10死 die be dead have/has been dead have/has died 11参加 join be in be a member of have/has been in/a member of have/has joined 12感冒 catch a cold have a cold have/has had a cold have/has caught a cold 13买 buy have have/has had have/has bought 14借 borrow keep have/has kept have/has borrowed 语法点03 现在完成时动词的不规则变形 （1）AAB型 1个 beat-beat-beaten （2）ABA型 3个 run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become （3）AAA型 10个 hit-hit-hit put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt shut-shut-shut read-read-read spread-spread-spread 思考1：动词的过去分词同原形形式一致的，有多少个？它们分别是？ （4）ABC型 36个 ▲show-showed-shown take-took-taken give-gave-given rise-rose-risen grow-grew-grown mistake-mistook-mistaken drive-drove-driven see-saw-seen blow-blew-blown shake-shook-shaken draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown 思考2：上述13个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ be-was/were-been eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen 思考3：上述3个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ 这种规律只体现在ABC型上吗，其他类型是否有动词存在相同规律？若有，是哪种类型？ break-broke-broken wake-woke-woken steal-stole-stolen choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken 思考4：上述5个动词，其过去分词和过去式相比较，有什么规律？ hide-hid-hidden ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written forget-forgot-forgotten 点拨1：上述4个动词， 双写，易错 sing-sang-sung begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum ring-rang-rung 点拨2：上述5个动词，i-a-u bear-bore-born do-did-done fly-flew-flown wear-wore-worn go-went-gone ■lie(躺)-lay-lain 点拨3：尝试找找bear和wear、do和go，其过去分词和原形相比较的规律 （5） ABB型 48个 deal-dealt-dealt mean-meant-meant dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 思考5：上述5个动词，其过去分词和原形相比较，有什么规律？ get-got-got dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shone hold-held-held hang(悬挂)-hung-hung sit-sat-sat win-won-won stick-stuck-stuck 点拨4：上述8个动词，1个元音字母变化 send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent lend-lent-lent build-built-built 点拨5：上述4个动词，d→t feed-fed-fed meet-met-met speed-speeded/sped-speeded/sped lead-led-led 点拨6：上述4个动词，减去1个e或1个a buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought fight-fought-fought think-thought-thought 点拨7：上述4个动词，ought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught 点拨8：上述2个动词，aught feel-felt-felt spell-spelled/spelt-spelled/spelt smell-smelled/smelt-smelled/smelt 点拨9：上述3个动词，elt lay-laid-laid pay-paid-paid say-said-said 点拨10：上述3个动词，aid sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-kept 点拨11：上述2个动词，ept sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 点拨12：上述2个动词，old lose-lost-lost stand-stood-stood hear-heard-heard light-lighted/lit-lighted/lit make-made-made understand-understood-understood leave-left-left find-found-found ▲show-showed-showed ■lie(撒谎)-lied-lied have-had-had 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“写一个中国的景点”。写作时，人称第一人称；时态一般现在时。 谋篇布局 开头 写要介绍的地方 中间 写一到两个该地的特色景点以及食物 结尾 写自己感想 二、写作通用表达 ….is a popular attraction for ... …is/rests in... ...dates back to... …is special because... You can... What's more,you can enjoy/learn... You can also come here to... It is a must-see for . 三、范文背诵 The Great Wall: A Walk Through History The Great Wall of China is one of the most amazing places in China. It is not just a wall; it is a symbol of China's long history. The Great Wall is very, very long. People say that it is about 21,000 kilometers long. It was built over 2,000 years ago to protect the country. It winds like a giant dragon over mountains and through valleys. The part in Beijing, like Badaling, is the most famous. Millions of people from all over the world to visit it every year. Standing on the Wall, you can see the fantastic view. The ancient bricks and watchtowers tell many old stories. It makes you think about the hard work of the people in ancient China. Visiting the Great Wall is not just a trip,it is a walk through history. It truly is an amazing wonder of China. $