Unit 9 Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies（知识清单&检测）2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材仁爱科普版）

该初中英语知识清单围绕“自然灾害”主题，系统梳理Unit 9 Lesson 3的核心词汇、短语、句型及语言技能。从基础单词（如umbrella, harmful）及词性转换（harm→harmful）入手，延伸至固定短语（如in great numbers, lose one’s home），再到核心句型（如one of the most common types...），构建从词汇积累到语言应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-技能”逻辑递进，词汇考点突出词性转换与易混介词辨析，句型语法聚焦高频结构（如be busy doing sth.），阅读技能强化因果关系理解和自问自答策略，写作提供灾害描述与防灾准备实用素材。通过语言能力培养（词汇句型应用）、思维品质提升（因果分析）和学习能力发展（阅读策略），助力学生系统掌握主题知识并灵活运用。

Unit 9 Forces of Nature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 /ʌmˈbrelə/ n. 伞；雨伞；阳伞 /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 /ˈɪnsekt/ n. 昆虫 /ˈdedli/ adj. 致命的；致死的 /dɪˈziːz/ n. 病；疾病 /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/ n. 水路；航道 /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n. 准备；准备工作 /ɡluː/ n. 胶；胶水 /v. (用胶水) 黏合，粘牢 /teɪp/ n. 胶带；胶条；磁带 /ˈflæʃlaɪt/ n. 手电筒 /wɪˈðɪn/ prep. 在 (某范围) 之内 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 大量地 填满；装满 失去家园 里里外外；彻底地 生存环境 确保；保证 把…引到…；导致 在某人够得到的地方 忙于做某事 结束；完结 熟食 1.Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful.洪水是最常见的自然灾害类型之一，危害极大。 2.In big floods, people die in great numbers, and many more lose their homes.特大洪灾中，会有大量人员丧生，还有更多人失去家园。 3.Floods can also harm animals and the living environment.洪水还会危害动物和生存环境。 4.After the floods, harmful insects may spread deadly diseases.洪灾过后，有害昆虫可能会传播致命疾病。 5.However, the effects of floods are not always bad.然而，洪水带来的影响并非全是负面的。 6.For example, floods can fill up underground waterways and lead water to dry lands, wells and springs.例如，洪水可以填满地下水道，将水引入旱地、水井和泉眼。 7.Everyone in my family is busy making preparations.我们全家都在忙着做准备工作。 8.When mom goes to buy cooked food and clean water from the nearby supermarket, dad is checking the house in and out.妈妈去附近的超市买熟食和纯净水时，爸爸正在里里外外地检查房屋。 9.He repairs the broken door and fixes all the windows with glue and tape.他修理破损的门，用胶水和胶带加固所有窗户。 10.He also makes sure that gas and electricity are safe.他还确保燃气和电力的使用安全。 11.My brother moves the flowers and other things indoors, and I put the flashlights within our reach.哥哥把花和其他物品搬到室内，我把手电筒放在我们伸手可及的地方。 12.The wind is blowing harder, and the rain is getting heavier.风越刮越猛，雨越下越大。 一、核心词汇考点 1.词性转换： harm v.&n. 伤害；危害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → 反义词 harmless adj. 无害的 搭配：be harmful to = do harm to 对…… 有害 die v. 死亡 → dead adj. 死亡的 → deadly adj. 致命的 → death n. 死亡 易混辨析：deadly 强调 “具有致命性的”，可修饰名词表危害程度；dead 强调 “死亡的”，侧重生命终结的状态。 prepare v. 准备 → preparation n. 准备；准备工作 搭配：prepare for sth. = make preparations for sth. 为…… 做准备。 break v. 打碎；破损 → broken adj. 破损的；坏掉的. 2.易混介词辨析重点区分within与in： within 后接时间 / 范围，强调 “在…… 之内”，不超过限定的时限 / 边界，课文固定搭配within our reach（伸手可及）是完形填空高频短语。 in 后接时间，多用于一般将来时，表 “…… 之后”。例句对比：I will finish the work within 24 hours.（24 小时内完成）；I will finish the work in 24 hours.（24 小时后完成）。 二、句型与语法 1.句型：one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 课文原句：Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful. 核心规则：该结构表 “最…… 的…… 之一”，后面必须接可数名词复数；结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2.固定搭配：be busy doing sth. 课文原句：Everyone in my family is busy making preparations. 核心规则：表 “忙于做某事”，busy后必须接动名词doing，不可接动词不定式to do。 同义拓展：be busy with sth. 忙于某事，是中考高频辨析考点。 3.宾语从句结构：make sure + that从句 课文原句：He also makes sure that gas and electricity are safe. 核心规则：make sure后可接that引导的宾语从句，that可省略，从句必须用陈述语序，时态多为一般现在时。 natural disaster. 4.形容词 / 副词比较级的递进用法 课文原句：The wind is blowing harder, and the rain is getting heavier. 核心用法：用比较级体现动作 / 状态的渐进变化，表 “越来越……”。 三、阅读核心技能考点 本课时的两大核心技能： 1.因果关系理解（Understanding cause and effect） 核心定义：cause（原因）是事情发生的缘由，effect（结果）是最终发生的事件，是中考阅读理解细节题、推理判断题的核心命题点。 核心信号词：表原因的because, since, as；表结果的cause, lead to, so, as a result, effect。 解题技巧：阅读时先定位因果信号词，再区分原因和结果，精准匹配题目选项，避开偷换因果的干扰项，是八年级学生提升阅读准确率的核心技巧。 2.阅读策略：自问自答法（Asking questions） 核心用法：阅读前、阅读中、阅读后，用who, what, when, where, how, why给自己提问，带着问题读文章，能快速定位核心信息，提升阅读效率和准确率。 应用：做阅读理解时，先读题干，把题干转化为问题，再回原文定位答案，是八年级学生必须掌握的标准化解题技巧。 四、写作考点（自然灾害、自我保护话题作文） 1.灾害危害描述：可直接套用洪水危害的句型，例：Big floods can make people lose their homes, spread deadly diseases and do harm to the living environment. 2.防灾准备描述：课文中台风来临前的准备动作，是 “自我保护” 话题作文的核心素材，例：When a typhoon is coming, we should check the house in and out, make sure the doors and windows are fixed well, and put emergency supplies within our reach. 3.辩证观点表达：However, the effects of... are not always bad. 可用于分析事物的利弊，提升作文的深度和逻辑性。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ n. 伞；雨伞；阳伞 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 insect /ˈɪnsekt/ n. 昆虫 deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. 致命的；致死的 disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 病；疾病 waterway /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/ n. 水路；航道 preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n. 准备；准备工作 glue /ɡluː/ n. 胶；胶水 /v. (用胶水) 黏合，粘牢 tape /teɪp/ n. 胶带；胶条；磁带 flashlight /ˈflæʃlaɪt/ n. 手电筒 within /wɪˈðɪn/ prep. 在 (某范围) 之内 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 in great numbers 大量地 fill up 填满；装满 lose one’s home 失去家园 in and out 里里外外；彻底地 the living environment 生存环境 make sure 确保；保证 lead…to… 把…引到…；导致 within one’s reach 在某人够得到的地方 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 be over 结束；完结 cooked food 熟食 1.Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful.洪水是最常见的自然灾害类型之一，危害极大。 2.In big floods, people die in great numbers, and many more lose their homes.特大洪灾中，会有大量人员丧生，还有更多人失去家园。 3.Floods can also harm animals and the living environment.洪水还会危害动物和生存环境。 4.After the floods, harmful insects may spread deadly diseases.洪灾过后，有害昆虫可能会传播致命疾病。 5.However, the effects of floods are not always bad.然而，洪水带来的影响并非全是负面的。 6.For example, floods can fill up underground waterways and lead water to dry lands, wells and springs.例如，洪水可以填满地下水道，将水引入旱地、水井和泉眼。 7.Everyone in my family is busy making preparations.我们全家都在忙着做准备工作。 8.When mom goes to buy cooked food and clean water from the nearby supermarket, dad is checking the house in and out.妈妈去附近的超市买熟食和纯净水时，爸爸正在里里外外地检查房屋。 9.He repairs the broken door and fixes all the windows with glue and tape.他修理破损的门，用胶水和胶带加固所有窗户。 10.He also makes sure that gas and electricity are safe.他还确保燃气和电力的使用安全。 11.My brother moves the flowers and other things indoors, and I put the flashlights within our reach.哥哥把花和其他物品搬到室内，我把手电筒放在我们伸手可及的地方。 12.The wind is blowing harder, and the rain is getting heavier.风越刮越猛，雨越下越大。 一、核心词汇考点 1.词性转换： harm v.&n. 伤害；危害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → 反义词 harmless adj. 无害的 搭配：be harmful to = do harm to 对…… 有害 die v. 死亡 → dead adj. 死亡的 → deadly adj. 致命的 → death n. 死亡 易混辨析：deadly 强调 “具有致命性的”，可修饰名词表危害程度；dead 强调 “死亡的”，侧重生命终结的状态。 prepare v. 准备 → preparation n. 准备；准备工作 搭配：prepare for sth. = make preparations for sth. 为…… 做准备。 break v. 打碎；破损 → broken adj. 破损的；坏掉的. 2.易混介词辨析重点区分within与in： within 后接时间 / 范围，强调 “在…… 之内”，不超过限定的时限 / 边界，课文固定搭配within our reach（伸手可及）是完形填空高频短语。 in 后接时间，多用于一般将来时，表 “…… 之后”。例句对比：I will finish the work within 24 hours.（24 小时内完成）；I will finish the work in 24 hours.（24 小时后完成）。 二、句型与语法 1.句型：one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 课文原句：Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful. 核心规则：该结构表 “最…… 的…… 之一”，后面必须接可数名词复数；结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2.固定搭配：be busy doing sth. 课文原句：Everyone in my family is busy making preparations. 核心规则：表 “忙于做某事”，busy后必须接动名词doing，不可接动词不定式to do。 同义拓展：be busy with sth. 忙于某事，是中考高频辨析考点。 3.宾语从句结构：make sure + that从句 课文原句：He also makes sure that gas and electricity are safe. 核心规则：make sure后可接that引导的宾语从句，that可省略，从句必须用陈述语序，时态多为一般现在时。 natural disaster. 4.形容词 / 副词比较级的递进用法 课文原句：The wind is blowing harder, and the rain is getting heavier. 核心用法：用比较级体现动作 / 状态的渐进变化，表 “越来越……”。 三、阅读核心技能考点 本课时的两大核心技能： 1.因果关系理解（Understanding cause and effect） 核心定义：cause（原因）是事情发生的缘由，effect（结果）是最终发生的事件，是中考阅读理解细节题、推理判断题的核心命题点。 核心信号词：表原因的because, since, as；表结果的cause, lead to, so, as a result, effect。 解题技巧：阅读时先定位因果信号词，再区分原因和结果，精准匹配题目选项，避开偷换因果的干扰项，是八年级学生提升阅读准确率的核心技巧。 2.阅读策略：自问自答法（Asking questions） 核心用法：阅读前、阅读中、阅读后，用who, what, when, where, how, why给自己提问，带着问题读文章，能快速定位核心信息，提升阅读效率和准确率。 应用：做阅读理解时，先读题干，把题干转化为问题，再回原文定位答案，是八年级学生必须掌握的标准化解题技巧。 四、写作考点（自然灾害、自我保护话题作文） 1.灾害危害描述：可直接套用洪水危害的句型，例：Big floods can make people lose their homes, spread deadly diseases and do harm to the living environment. 2.防灾准备描述：课文中台风来临前的准备动作，是 “自我保护” 话题作文的核心素材，例：When a typhoon is coming, we should check the house in and out, make sure the doors and windows are fixed well, and put emergency supplies within our reach. 3.辩证观点表达：However, the effects of... are not always bad. 可用于分析事物的利弊，提升作文的深度和逻辑性。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature! Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 一、重点短语梳理 1.大量地，数量众多地 2.失去某人的家园 3.生活/生存环境 4.把…… 带到…… 5.忙于做某事 6.熟食 7.填满；充满 8.进进出出 9.确保 11.结束 10.在某人够得到的范围内_______________________________ 二、词汇运用 1.The____________ /'hɑːmfl/ gases from the factory are bad for our health. 2.The small __________ /'ɪnsekt/ can spread diseases after the flood. 3.Take an u__________ — it’s going to rain. 4.We need to make __________ (prepare) for the coming sports meeting. 5.Use some g__________ to stick the broken paper together. 6.You can use __________ (胶带) to fix the loose window. 7.Keep a __________ (手电筒) beside your bed in case of a power cut. 8.The heavy rain caused a big f__________ in the village. 9.Many people __________ (失去) their homes in the earthquake last year. 10.The village has several deep __________ (well) for drinking water. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.他正忙于整理房间。 He ________ ________ ________ his room. 2.请确保孩子们在你够得到的范围内。 Please ________ ________ the kids are ________ ________ ________. 3.暴雨填满了池塘，把水引向了农田。 The rain ________ ________ the pond and ________ ________ ________ fields. 4.They lost their homes in the wildfire.（改为否定句） They ________ ________ their homes in the wildfire. 5.we, cooked, food, enough, for, prepare, picnic, the ________________________________________________. 四、阅读填表 Floods are a common natural disaster. They can be caused by heavy rain, melting snow, or storm surges(风暴潮). When floods happen, they can lead to many effects. For example, heavy rain can fill up underground waterways and lead water to dry lands. Floods can also harm the living environment and make people lose their homes. In great numbers, people may have to leave their villages and move to safe places. After floods, harmful insects may spread deadly diseases. However, floods can also bring some benefits, like filling up wells and providing water for crops. Cause Heavy rain 1. _________________ Storm surges Effect a. Fill up ____________________________ and lead water to dry lands. b. __________ the living environment and make people _________________________. c. ____________________________________________ d. Fill up wells and __________________ for crops. 五、阅读表达 It’s normal to meet with a rainstorm on summer afternoons. Rainstorms are very dangerous for people and they can even kill people. So how can we stay safe during a rainstorm? Before a rainstorm When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind becomes strong, it means a dangerous rainstorm might be coming. If there is lightning, don’t wait for rain. Act right away. At the first flash of lightning, quickly get into a building. During a rainstorm When you are indoors, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors or windows. Rain and wind can blow in or even break them. Do not use anything that runs on electricity (电), either. Water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. You can’t use the phone. Lightning can travel through the phone line and hit you. If you can’t get to somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree, but that is not a good place to be. The lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. Try to find a low place to stay in. After a rainstorm You should also be careful after the rainstorm stops. There is always too much water on the roads, so you should never drive or walk through a flooded road. You should watch your pets closely. Keep them indoors if possible. 1. When is it normal for a rainstorm to happen? ________________________________________________. 2. What does it mean when the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind becomes strong? ________________________________________________. 3. What should we do at the first flash of lightning? ________________________________________________. 4. Why shouldn’t we stay under a tree during a rainstorm? ________________________________________________. 5. Do you like rainy days? Why or why not? ________________________________________________. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature! Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 一、重点短语梳理 1.in great numbers 2.lose one’s home 3.the living environment 4.lead…to… 5.be busy doing sth. 6.cooked food 7.fill up 8.in and out 9.make sure 10.within one’s reach 11.be over 二、词汇运用 1.harmful 2.insect 3.umbrella 4.preparations 5.glue 6.tape 7.flashlight 8.flood 9.lost 10.wells 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.is busy tidying 2.make sure; within your reach 3.filled up; led water to 4.didn’t lose 5.We prepared enough cooked food for the picnic. 四、阅读填表 1.melting snow a. underground waterways b. Harm; lose their homes c. Harmful insects may spread deadly diseases d. provide water 五、阅读表达 1.On summer afternoons. 2.It means a dangerous rainstorm might be coming. 3.We should quickly get into a building. 4.Because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit us. 5.Yes, I do. Because rainy days make the air fresh./No, I don’t. Because it’s not convenient to go out on rainy days.（答案不唯一） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $