卷07 -【灿烂六月 · 金8卷】备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷）

【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷07） 参考答案及评分标准 II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1．have known 2．what 3．when 4．happier 5．because/as/since 6．helping 7．were split 8．themselves 9．can 10．to be linked Section B 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．C Section B 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．D 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．D 46．C Section C 47．F 48．C 49．A 50．D IV．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 【51】Although people dream of using glowing plants to light cities, plants have very little extra energy to produce light. Injecting phosphors can create temporary light but has many drawbacks and risks. Modifying plants is a promising method but still unrealistic. At present, glowing plants are just novelties and cannot replace streetlights soon. V. Translation （15%） 【52】For a century-old store, how can it maintain its attractiveness? 【53】The signature afternoon tea of this hotel can be served in the garden with vines covering the walls. 【54】Realizing she had to deal with such a heavy workload alone, she couldn’t help feeling anxious and exhausted. 【55】The new management of this company pursued cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the expense of employee benefits and customer trust, and no wonder that its reputation collapsed so quickly. VI. Guided Writing （25%） 【参考答案】                 Dear Lora, I hope this email finds you well. I was delighted to hear about your plans to attend a photography workshop this winter break. Both workshops you’ve found sound exciting, but they do have distinct focuses. The natural light workshop promises an immersive experience capturing the breathtaking beauty of nature. It would be ideal for someone who loves outdoor adventures and seeks inspiration in serene landscapes. On the other hand, the city street photography workshop emphasizes capturing the candid moments and vibrant energy of urban life. This would suit someone who enjoys observing people and the urban environment up close. Considering your deep interest in exploring diverse cultures and your knack for finding beauty in everyday scenes, I believe the city street photography workshop might be a better fit for you. Whichever you choose, I’m sure you’ll come back with stunning photos and a wealth of new experiences. Good luck! Yours, Alex 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷07） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling a little blue lately? A handful of recent research suggests you’re not alone. Thankfully, there may be something — or several things — you can do about it. Researchers 1 (know) for decades that certain activities make us feel better, and they’re just beginning to understand 2 happens in the brain to boost our mood. A study published in the journal Nature on July 11 found that 3 people were given the option of spending money on themselves or another person, those who spent it on someone else had more activity in a brain area linked to the subjective feeling of happiness. We’ve all been there. It’s been a bad day and you feel the urge to buy your favorite comfort food or snag a new pair of shoes. However, studies suggest you’ll feel 4 (happy) if you spend that money on someone else. The new study in Nature suggests that people feel happier after doing something generous 5 activity in the brain regions involved in 6 (help) others seems to override the activity in the regions linked with personal reward. A 2008 experiment supports these findings — for that study, volunteers 7 (split) into two groups and either splurged on (挥霍) themselves or another person. Those who got something for others were shown to be happier than those who bought something for 8 . Donating your time 9 have the same effect. In a recent review of 40 studies done over the last 20 years, researchers found that volunteering was one of the most successful ways to boost psychological health. Volunteering was found 10 (link) with a reduced risk of depression, a higher amount of overall satisfaction, and even a reduced risk of death from of a physical illness as a consequence of mental distress. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying   B．exploiting   C． interventions   D．biologically   E. statistically   F. randomized   G. linked   H. regulating     I. trial    J. average   K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 11 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 12 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 13 accessible, safe 14 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 15 chronological age of 70. The participants were 16 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 17 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 18 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 19 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 20 outcomes.” II. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Try Paper-Based Crafting to Cut Through Overthinking Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms. Still, I often find it hard to “switch off”, and stop 21 thoughts. But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety. In a collage (拼贴画) workshop, I cut images from magazines, and pasted them on to paper. Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue, I was transported back to more creative childhood days—and experienced a deep sense of 22 . 23 drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage, while the pressure to make something ‘perfect’ is removed. By remixing readymade visuals, I was able to 24 the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom. Alongside the simple joy of cutting and arranging images, I learned that the final 25 can be meaningful, too. According to artist and teacher Hazel Pit, we mentally store certain past images in our minds—and collage allows us to access them. “With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself,” she says. Hazel’s students have been surprised by the emotions reflected back to them in their compositions. As she explains: “Collage can act as a 26 conduit (渠道，通道) for the inner self,” and anyone can experience its benefits by following these steps. Grab your tools Gather visually-rich materials, including magazines and newspapers, leaflets, old books, vintage postcards, and photographs. Searching for forgotten pictures can 27 new ideas and emotional revelations. You will also need glue and a pair of 28 . For the background, choose paper or card that suits your personal style, from a piece of white A5 to a leftover delivery box. Work with what you have! Follow your intuition Pick out your images 29 . “Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind,” says Hazel. Drawing on psychotherapist Carl Jung’s theories about images as metaphors in healing, she advises: “Only choose something that resonates with you, sparking an emotional reaction, as this will give your collage substance.” You might be 30 to certain colours, textures, or details, as well as figures, words, or scenes. At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile. Cut, slice, and tear Cut out your chosen images or experiment with tearing with your hands for rougher edges. This repetitive act requires concentration and is soothing. “Cutting will put you in a meditative space,” says Hazel, “as you stop thinking about 31 issues and exist in the present moment.” Play around with pictures Arrange, rearrange, and layer your images, testing different combinations. Without constraints, allow your intuition to guide you. This is the most expressive part of the process, so embrace it. Pin and paste Once you’re happy with the arrangement, glue it down. Small pins can also help keep your composition in 32 . Reflect on your collage Finally, take time to reflect upon your collage. Does the choice and arrangement of pictures hold 33 ? Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface. Generally speaking, collage requires no special 34 skill. The pressure to make something “perfect” gradually disappears. Studies suggest that creative activities like collage can reduce anxiety and strengthen one’s sense of 35 . 21．A．innovative B．reflective C．intrusive D．passive 22．A．suspicion B．curiosity C．tension D．calm 23．A．In addition to B．In contrast to C．In spite of D．In place of 24．A．silence B．prompt C．obey D．question 25．A．combination B．composition C．conclusion D．complement 26．A．mental B．physiological C．physical D．visual 27．A．block B．spark C．spell D．underestimate 28．A．knives B．tools C．scissors D．devices 29．A．carefully B．logically C．randomly D．instinctively 30．A．forced B．drawn C．exposed D．introduced 31．A．internal B．personal C．external D．minor 32．A．order B．mind C．balance D．shape 33．A．popularity B．difficulty C．convenience D．significance 34．A．technical B．practical C．artistic D．professional 35．A．identity B．humor C．self D．responsibility Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Traditional accountancy methods focus on a park’s saleable value, or its operational costs associated with maintenance. So England’s 27,000 parks are considered as financial liabilities rather than the amazing asset to our health and wellbeing that any of their 37 million regular users could prove. Our green spaces are shrinking and decaying despite the fact that they deliver a range of ecosystem services such as improving air and water quality, lowering the risk by absorbing water run-off, and cooling the urban environment as well as providing much-needed space for wildlife. By using a “natural capital” accountancy approach that puts a value on all these social, environmental and economic contributions, scientists discovered that for every £1 spent on its parks, they produce £34 of benefits. Yet this true value is not widely measured or recognized. Ian Walmsley, a green space manager in England, said that “an argument has never been successfully made that if you spend X on a park, there will be a saving in the health budget and therefore you should take money out of the health budget and put it into parks.” As a result, the government inquiry report published last week warned that parks are at a tipping point of decline, spoiled by a 92% reduction in their budgets since 2010 because of local authority cuts. Less money means less maintenance, more litter and uncivilized behavior and gradually much-loved local parks have been turned into dangerous eyesores. Tragically it’s the small, green spaces in poorer, built-up areas that suffer most from the disproportionate cuts to maintenance. But it doesn’t have to be this way. Andrew Hinchley, green space development officer at the London Borough of Camden, said that if we had new ways of valuing the services parks provide for improving water quality, for example, then you could ask water companies to pay towards their upkeep. The local government is urged to publish strategic plans to recognize the real value of parks and to set out how they will be managed to maximize their contribution to wider local authority goals such as promoting healthier lifestyles. It is suggested that the government’s health strategy could fund parks. It could be a legal requirement for councils to produce such strategies. 36．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that from an traditional accounting perspective, parks are considered ________. A．more a burden than a treasure B．more beneficial than harmful C．more a provider than a consumer D．more uncontrollable than manageable 37．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the writer is________. A．sure that parks in built-up areas will be better funded B．confused why a 92% reduction is a tipping point of decline C．dissatisfied that money put into parks comes from the health budget D．upset by the fact that underfunded parks give rise to some social problems 38．According to the passage, the writer is for the opinion that ________. A．parks’ water systems should be improved B．the roles that parks can play should be reassessed C．new technology should be applied to upgrade park facilities D．strategies should be developed to cut parks’ operational costs 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Parks: A Money Waster B．Parks: Just Green Spaces? C．Parks: More Needed in Poorer Areas D．Parks: An Indicator of Economic Growth? (B) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 — October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 40．What is the purpose of this text? A．To raise money for local artists. B．To release a collection of artwork. C．To introduce a cultural festival. D．To call for artworks for a project. 41．How long will the public art signs be on display? A．Ten days. B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Two months. 42．Which of the following meets the application requirements? A．A 150-word poem. B．A 100-word self-introduction. C．A 300-word story. D．A 200-word artwork statement. (C) Science fiction stories have imagined future people living in underground cities on Mars, in asteroids, and in space stations far from the sun. But if humans are ever to survive in any of those tough environments, they will need ways to grow food using limited resources-and photosynthesis (光合作用), the wildly successful yet energy-inefficient process by which plants turn sunlight into sugar, might not cut it. Now, some scientists are wondering whether it’s possible to produce food more efficiently by skipping photosynthesis altogether, and growing plants in the dark. The idea sounds as science fictional as cities on Mars. But a team of researchers has taken a first step toward realizing it with a study published in Nature Food in June. The research shows it is possible to grow algae (藻类), edible yeast (食用酵母), and mushroom-producing fungi (真菌) in the dark by supplying them with a carbon-based chemical that didn’t originate from plants, but instead was manufactured using solar electricity. That is, this method replaced biological photosynthesis with a partly artificial process for turning sunlight into food. Their process is a version of artificial photosynthesis, a term that has been around for years and includes various approaches to transforming sunlight, water, and CO2 into liquid fuels and other chemicals. The researchers say their work represents the first time an artificial photosynthesis system has been paired with an attempt to grow common food-producing organisms. The scientists are hopeful that this method could unlock new ways to produce food using less physical space and energy than traditional agriculture — including, perhaps, crops that can grow in the dark. While other experts are skeptical that it will ever be possible to redesign plant biology so thoroughly, they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team’s out-of-the-box idea about how to make food production more efficient. Lynn Rothschild, a senior research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says it’s worth keeping an open mind about how any efforts to redesign a fundamental biological process like photosynthesis could be applied, in space or on Earth: “The payoff may be something we haven’t imagined yet.” 43．How could scientists grow algae in the dark according to the text? A．By giving them a chemical from plants. B．By giving them a chemical produced by solar electricity. C．By giving them physical space and energy. D．By giving them crops that grow in the dark. 44．Which of the following best describes artificial photosynthesis”? A．It uses sunlight, water, and CO2 inefficiently. B．It has been very successful. C．It helps to find new ways of producing food. D．The term has just been created. 45．What does the underlined word “out-of-the-box” mean in paragraph 5? A．Taken out from the box. B．Usable immediately. C．Mysterious. D．Very creative. 46．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．How to grow fungi in the dark? B．What is artificial photosynthesis? C．Can food crops grow in the dark? D．How to turn sunlight into food? Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In uncertain times, certainty is over-rated and over-rewarded Type the words “kind of”, “probably” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: “ 47 ” To me, this suggestion encapsulates something we’ve got wrong in society: we live in a world that rewards those who speak with a strong opinion — even when that is misplaced — and gives very little airtime to those who acknowledge doubt. “ 48 Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble. “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is hard-wired to hate uncertainty: a 2016 study published in Nature Communications found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock or not — higher even than subjects who were told they definitely would get one. While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real. 49 In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events. Prof Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and synthesize those into various “small” conclusions. Hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs worse forecasters but more likely to get attention. 50 Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. A．Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. B．Highly confident statements also promote polarization, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. C．We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story. D．But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? E．And it makes sense that when we’re all feeling anxious, we would want to feel that some adults somewhere know what they’re doing. F．Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Plants Light Our Cities? Scientists have long imagined city parks and streets lighted by plants that shine at night. The vision is attractive: living lights that need no wiring, that move with the wind, and that turn urban spaces into gardens of gentle light. Yet the science behind the dream is stubborn. Plants power themselves with photosynthesis, which converts only a tiny part of incoming sunlight into usable energy. Most estimates put the capture at under two percent, and plants must spend nearly all of that to stay alive. That leaves little spare energy to convert back into visible light. Because of this limit, engineers sometimes try to skip biology. Instead of making plants generate their own light, they inject leaves with “persistent phosphors,” the same kinds of materials that make plastic stars shine after the bedroom lights go out. These small particles can be spread through the tissues of the plants, producing bright, short-term colors. The trick works, but it is basically a stage effect. As the plant grows, the light fades; when the plant dies, the chemicals must be thrown away. Researchers also rarely address possible risks of releasing high-phosphor plants into gardens and landfills. A truly promising route would modify the plant rather than paint it. If future biotechnology enabled leaves to build biodegradable light-emitting molecules (分子), plants could store part of daylight and release it slowly after sunset. In theory, this might even assist photosynthesis by moderating changes in light levels and by converting otherwise useless wavelengths into ones the chloroplasts (叶绿体) can employ. You might picture fields that shine softly while continuing to grow through the night. For now, though, shining houseplants are mostly clever novelties. They are inspiring to look at, but they will not replace real streetlights any time soon. Use them to stimulate curiosity, not to light the city. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．对于一家百年老店而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．这家酒店的招牌下午茶可以在藤蔓满墙的花园中享用。（serve） ________________________________________________________________ 54．意识到自己要独自应付如此繁重的工作量，她不禁感到忧心忡忡，心力交瘁。(not help) ________________________________________________________________ 55．这家公司的新管理层以员工福利和顾客信任为代价，追求降本增效，难怪它的声誉这么快就崩塌了。（expense） ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56．假设你是Alex，你的朋友Lora对摄影非常感兴趣，计划在今年寒假参加一个摄影工作坊（workshop）进一步研习。她发现了两个不同主题的工作坊，一个专注于自然风光摄影，另一个则是城市街头摄影。Lora对于选择哪个方向感到犹豫不决，因此她通过电子邮件向你求助。请你给Lora回复一封邮件，分享你的看法。你的回复需要包括： 1.对比两个工作坊； 2.根据Lora的情况，给出你认为她更适合参加的工作坊的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷07） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling a little blue lately? A handful of recent research suggests you’re not alone. Thankfully, there may be something — or several things — you can do about it. Researchers 1 (know) for decades that certain activities make us feel better, and they’re just beginning to understand 2 happens in the brain to boost our mood. A study published in the journal Nature on July 11 found that 3 people were given the option of spending money on themselves or another person, those who spent it on someone else had more activity in a brain area linked to the subjective feeling of happiness. We’ve all been there. It’s been a bad day and you feel the urge to buy your favorite comfort food or snag a new pair of shoes. However, studies suggest you’ll feel 4 (happy) if you spend that money on someone else. The new study in Nature suggests that people feel happier after doing something generous 5 activity in the brain regions involved in 6 (help) others seems to override the activity in the regions linked with personal reward. A 2008 experiment supports these findings — for that study, volunteers 7 (split) into two groups and either splurged on (挥霍) themselves or another person. Those who got something for others were shown to be happier than those who bought something for 8 . Donating your time 9 have the same effect. In a recent review of 40 studies done over the last 20 years, researchers found that volunteering was one of the most successful ways to boost psychological health. Volunteering was found 10 (link) with a reduced risk of depression, a higher amount of overall satisfaction, and even a reduced risk of death from of a physical illness as a consequence of mental distress. 【答案】 1．have known 2．what 3．when 4．happier 5．because/as/since 6．helping 7．were split 8．themselves 9．can 10．to be linked 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了多项研究发现，为他人花钱、做慷慨之事以及奉献时间做志愿活动，都能有效提升人的情绪和心理健康。 1．考查动词时态。句意：几十年来，研究人员一直知道某些活动会让我们感觉更好，而他们才刚刚开始理解大脑中发生了什么来改善我们的情绪。此处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语for decades可知，此处强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Researchers是复数，所以用have known。故填have known。 2．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：几十年来，研究人员一直知道某些活动会让我们感觉更好，而他们才刚刚开始理解大脑中发生了什么来改善我们的情绪。此处引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，从句中缺少主语，结合句意“大脑中发生了什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。 3．考查连词。句意：7月11日发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究发现，当人们可以选择把钱花在自己身上或别人身上时，那些把钱花在别人身上的人，其大脑中与主观幸福感相关的区域活动更活跃。此处引导时间状语从句，结合句意“当人们有选择时”，应用when引导，表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。故填when。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，研究表明，如果你把这笔钱花在别人身上，你会感到更快乐。根据空前的feel可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意，此处是“把钱花在别人身上”与“花在自己身上”的对比，应用形容词happy的比较级happier。故填happier。 5．考查连词。句意：《自然》杂志上的这项新研究表明，人们在做了一些慷慨的事情后会感到更快乐，因为大脑中参与帮助他人的区域的活动似乎会压倒与个人奖励相关的区域的活动。结合句意，后半句“大脑中相关区域的活动差异”是前半句“做慷慨之事后更快乐”的原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故填because/as/since。 6．考查动名词。句意：《自然》杂志上的这项新研究表明，人们在做了一些慷慨的事情后会感到更快乐，因为大脑中参与帮助他人的区域的活动似乎会压倒与个人奖励相关的区域的活动。此处位于介词in后，应用动词help的动名词形式helping。故填helping。 7．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2008年的一项实验支持了这些发现——在该研究中，志愿者被分成两组，一组为自己挥霍，另一组为他人挥霍。此处为句子谓语动词，主语volunteers与split之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语A 2008 experiment可知，句子用一般过去时，主语volunteers是复数，所以用were split。故填were split。 8．考查反身代词。句意：那些给别人买东西的人比那些给自己买东西的人更快乐。结合句意，此处指代“那些为自己买东西的人”，主语是those，对应的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 9．考查情态动词。句意：奉献你的时间也能产生同样的效果。此处修饰动词have，结合句意，此处表示“能够、可以”，应用情态动词can，表推测和可能性）。故填can。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：研究发现，志愿服务与降低抑郁症风险、提高整体满意度，甚至降低因精神压力导致的身体疾病死亡风险有关。此处考查“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的被动结构，link与主语Volunteering之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be linked，表示“被发现与……有关”。故填to be linked。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying   B．exploiting   C． interventions   D．biologically   E. statistically   F. randomized   G. linked   H. regulating     I. trial    J. average   K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 11 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 12 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 13 accessible, safe 14 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 15 chronological age of 70. The participants were 16 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 17 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 18 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 19 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 20 outcomes.” 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K 【导语】本篇围绕一项全新研究展开，介绍每日服用复合维生素与生物衰老速度减缓之间的关联，依托科学实验数据与表观遗传时钟展开论述，侧重考查语境词义辨析、词性搭配与非谓语、形容词、副词等语法运用。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些时钟聚焦DNA中的特定位点，调控基因表达，并会随着年龄增长自然发生变化，有助于追踪死亡率和衰老速度。此处表示“调节；管控”，应选regulating，现在分词作后置定语。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今人们十分热衷于找出多种方式，不只是为了延长寿命，更是为了提升生活质量。此处表示“识别；找出”，应选identifying，介词in后接动名词形式。 13．考查过去分词。句意：看到复合维生素这种容易获取、安全的干预措施与生物衰老标志物存在关联，令人振奋。此处表示“联系；相关联”，应选linked，过去分词作后置定语。 14．考查名词复数。句意：看到复合维生素这种容易获取、安全的干预措施与生物衰老标志物存在关联，令人振奋。此处表示“干预措施”，应选interventions，形容词safe修饰名词。 15．考查形容词。句意：他们分析了98名随机选取的健康参与者的血液DNA甲基化数据，这些参与者的平均生理年龄为七十岁。此处表示“平均的”，应选average，修饰名词chronological age。 16．考查被动语态。句意：参与者被随机分组，分别每日服用可可提取物与复合维生素、可可提取物与安慰剂、安慰剂与复合维生素，或仅服用安慰剂。此处表示“随机分配”，应选randomized，用于被动结构。 17．考查名词。句意：研究人员从试验初期以及第一年年末、第二年年末，分析了五项表观遗传时钟的相关数据变化。此处表示“试验”，应选trial，属于实验固定表述。 18．考查副词。句意：与仅服用安慰剂的组别相比，复合维生素组的人群五项表观遗传时钟的衰老速度均有所放缓，其中包含预测死亡率的统计类时钟。此处表示“统计上地”，应选statistically，作状语。 19．考查副词。句意：此外，在试验初期生理年龄比实际年龄偏大的人群，从该项干预中获益最多。此处表示“生物层面上地”，应选biologically，修饰形容词older。 20．考查形容词。句意：我们有望依托丰富的生物标志物数据资源，探究两种干预方式如何改善生物衰老、减少与年龄相关的临床病症。此处表示“临床的”，应选clinical，修饰名词outcomes。 II. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Try Paper-Based Crafting to Cut Through Overthinking Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms. Still, I often find it hard to “switch off”, and stop 21 thoughts. But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety. In a collage (拼贴画) workshop, I cut images from magazines, and pasted them on to paper. Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue, I was transported back to more creative childhood days—and experienced a deep sense of 22 . 23 drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage, while the pressure to make something ‘perfect’ is removed. By remixing readymade visuals, I was able to 24 the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom. Alongside the simple joy of cutting and arranging images, I learned that the final 25 can be meaningful, too. According to artist and teacher Hazel Pit, we mentally store certain past images in our minds—and collage allows us to access them. “With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself,” she says. Hazel’s students have been surprised by the emotions reflected back to them in their compositions. As she explains: “Collage can act as a 26 conduit (渠道，通道) for the inner self,” and anyone can experience its benefits by following these steps. Grab your tools Gather visually-rich materials, including magazines and newspapers, leaflets, old books, vintage postcards, and photographs. Searching for forgotten pictures can 27 new ideas and emotional revelations. You will also need glue and a pair of 28 . For the background, choose paper or card that suits your personal style, from a piece of white A5 to a leftover delivery box. Work with what you have! Follow your intuition Pick out your images 29 . “Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind,” says Hazel. Drawing on psychotherapist Carl Jung’s theories about images as metaphors in healing, she advises: “Only choose something that resonates with you, sparking an emotional reaction, as this will give your collage substance.” You might be 30 to certain colours, textures, or details, as well as figures, words, or scenes. At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile. Cut, slice, and tear Cut out your chosen images or experiment with tearing with your hands for rougher edges. This repetitive act requires concentration and is soothing. “Cutting will put you in a meditative space,” says Hazel, “as you stop thinking about 31 issues and exist in the present moment.” Play around with pictures Arrange, rearrange, and layer your images, testing different combinations. Without constraints, allow your intuition to guide you. This is the most expressive part of the process, so embrace it. Pin and paste Once you’re happy with the arrangement, glue it down. Small pins can also help keep your composition in 32 . Reflect on your collage Finally, take time to reflect upon your collage. Does the choice and arrangement of pictures hold 33 ? Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface. Generally speaking, collage requires no special 34 skill. The pressure to make something “perfect” gradually disappears. Studies suggest that creative activities like collage can reduce anxiety and strengthen one’s sense of 35 . 21．A．innovative B．reflective C．intrusive D．passive 22．A．suspicion B．curiosity C．tension D．calm 23．A．In addition to B．In contrast to C．In spite of D．In place of 24．A．silence B．prompt C．obey D．question 25．A．combination B．composition C．conclusion D．complement 26．A．mental B．physiological C．physical D．visual 27．A．block B．spark C．spell D．underestimate 28．A．knives B．tools C．scissors D．devices 29．A．carefully B．logically C．randomly D．instinctively 30．A．forced B．drawn C．exposed D．introduced 31．A．internal B．personal C．external D．minor 32．A．order B．mind C．balance D．shape 33．A．popularity B．difficulty C．convenience D．significance 34．A．technical B．practical C．artistic D．professional 35．A．identity B．humor C．self D．responsibility 【答案】 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．C 【导语】本文讲述拼贴手工可缓解焦虑，它无需艺术技巧、无完美压力，遵从直觉创作，能探寻内心情绪，舒缓身心，帮助人们减轻焦虑、治愈自我。 21．考查形容词。句意：即便如此，我常常很难放空自己，无法停止杂乱烦扰的思绪。A. innovative创新的；B. reflective反思的；C. intrusive侵扰的；D. passive被动的。结合前文“Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms.(自从十几岁时被诊断出患有广泛性焦虑症以来，我便通过药物治疗、心理治疗以及运动来缓解症状)”可知，作者患有焦虑症、难以放松的语境，此处指恼人的、侵入性的杂念。 22．考查名词。句意：摆弄图片、剪刀和胶水时，我仿佛回到富有创造力的童年，获得了深深的平静。A. suspicion怀疑；B. curiosity好奇；C. tension紧张；D. calm平静。结合上文“But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety.(但最近，我找到了一种能帮我缓解焦虑的新方法)”可知，拼贴画缓解焦虑、舒缓身心的内容，可知内心变得平静。 23．考查介词短语。句意：与绘画或素描不同，拼贴艺术不需要具备特定的绘画技巧水平，而且也不再有追求“完美”的压力。A. In addition to除……之外；B. In contrast to与……相反；C. In spite of尽管；D. In place of代替。根据后文“drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage”可知，此处将拼贴画和绘画做对比，突出拼贴画门槛更低。 24．考查动词。句意：通过重组现成视觉素材，我能够压制内心自我批评的声音，收获别样的创作自由。A. silence使安静；B. prompt促使；C. obey遵守；D. question质疑。结合后文“the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom”可知，创作过程让人不再自我否定，平息内心批判的声音。 25．考查名词。句意：除了剪裁和排列图片所带来的简单乐趣之外，我还了解到最终的组合效果也能具有一定的意义。A. combination结合；B. composition创作作品；C. conclusion结论；D. complement补充。结合空前的“final”和后文多次提及拼贴创作的成品，此处指拼贴画作。 26．考查形容词。句意：正如她所解释的那样：“拼贴画能够成为展现内心世界的视觉通道”，而任何人只要按照以下步骤去做，就能体验到其带来的益处。A. mental精神的；B. physiological生理的；C. physical身体的；D. visual视觉的。根据上文“By remixing readymade visuals”指拼贴画能够成为展现内心世界的视觉通道。 27．考查动词。句意：搜寻被遗忘的图片能够激发新想法，带来情感上的感悟。A. block阻挡；B. spark激发；C. spell拼写；D. underestimate低估。结合语境，搜集素材会催生新的灵感与感悟。 28．考查名词。句意：你还需要胶水和一把剪刀。A. knives小刀；B. tools工具；C. scissors剪刀；D. devices设备。前文“Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue”提到剪刀是制作拼贴画的核心工具。 29．考查副词。句意：凭直觉随意挑选图片。A. carefully仔细地；B. logically有条理地；C. randomly随意地；D. instinctively本能地。根据后文“Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind”以及本段小标题“Follow your intuition”为遵从直觉，对应凭本能、直觉挑选素材。 30．考查动词。句意：你可能会被特定的色彩、质感、细节以及人物文字或场景所吸引。A. forced强迫；B. drawn吸引；C. exposed暴露；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“ At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile.(在这个阶段，把那些有精美图片的页面撕下来，然后把这些页面叠放在一起)”提到把这些图片剪下来，故此处指被特定的色彩、质感、细节以及人物文字或场景所吸引。固定搭配be drawn to表示“被……吸引”，贴合选材语境。 31．考查形容词。句意：“裁剪能让你进入冥想状态，”Hazel说，“因为你不再纠结外界琐事，活在当下。”A. internal内在的；B. personal个人的；C. external外界的；D. minor次要的。根据后文“exist in the present moment”可知，专注手工操作会让人抛开外界繁杂问题，舒缓焦虑。 32．考查名词。句意：小图钉也能帮助固定作品布局。A. order秩序；B. mind思绪；C. balance平衡；D. shape形状。根据上文“Small pins can also help keep your composition in”指小图钉也能帮助固定作品布局。固定搭配keep...in order表示“使……整齐有序”，贴合排版固定画面的语境。 33．考查名词。句意：图片的选择与排布是否蕴含特殊意义。A. popularity流行；B. difficulty困难；C. convenience便利；D. significance意义。结合后文“Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface.(几天之后，它可能会向你揭示一些你未曾察觉的、潜藏在内心深处的感受或想法)”提到拼贴画折射内心情绪与想法，此处指深层含义。 34．考查形容词。句意：一般来说，拼贴画不需要特殊的艺术技艺。A. technical技术的；B. practical实用的；C. artistic艺术的；D. professional专业的。前文“drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage”对比绘画，强调拼贴画无艺术技能门槛。 35．考查名词。句意：研究表明，拼贴画这类创意活动可以缓解焦虑，增强自我认同感。A. identity身份；B. humor幽默；C. self自我；D. responsibility责任。前文“I was able to ________ the voice of my inner critic”和“With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself(由于拼贴画有着无限的可能性，它确实是一种理想的工具，能够帮助我们触及潜意识，并表达自我)”提到，拼贴画能够感受平息内心批判的声音，找到内心平静以及表达自我，故此处指手工创作抒发内心、疗愈情绪，能够强化自我认知与自我接纳。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Traditional accountancy methods focus on a park’s saleable value, or its operational costs associated with maintenance. So England’s 27,000 parks are considered as financial liabilities rather than the amazing asset to our health and wellbeing that any of their 37 million regular users could prove. Our green spaces are shrinking and decaying despite the fact that they deliver a range of ecosystem services such as improving air and water quality, lowering the risk by absorbing water run-off, and cooling the urban environment as well as providing much-needed space for wildlife. By using a “natural capital” accountancy approach that puts a value on all these social, environmental and economic contributions, scientists discovered that for every £1 spent on its parks, they produce £34 of benefits. Yet this true value is not widely measured or recognized. Ian Walmsley, a green space manager in England, said that “an argument has never been successfully made that if you spend X on a park, there will be a saving in the health budget and therefore you should take money out of the health budget and put it into parks.” As a result, the government inquiry report published last week warned that parks are at a tipping point of decline, spoiled by a 92% reduction in their budgets since 2010 because of local authority cuts. Less money means less maintenance, more litter and uncivilized behavior and gradually much-loved local parks have been turned into dangerous eyesores. Tragically it’s the small, green spaces in poorer, built-up areas that suffer most from the disproportionate cuts to maintenance. But it doesn’t have to be this way. Andrew Hinchley, green space development officer at the London Borough of Camden, said that if we had new ways of valuing the services parks provide for improving water quality, for example, then you could ask water companies to pay towards their upkeep. The local government is urged to publish strategic plans to recognize the real value of parks and to set out how they will be managed to maximize their contribution to wider local authority goals such as promoting healthier lifestyles. It is suggested that the government’s health strategy could fund parks. It could be a legal requirement for councils to produce such strategies. 36．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that from an traditional accounting perspective, parks are considered ________. A．more a burden than a treasure B．more beneficial than harmful C．more a provider than a consumer D．more uncontrollable than manageable 37．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the writer is________. A．sure that parks in built-up areas will be better funded B．confused why a 92% reduction is a tipping point of decline C．dissatisfied that money put into parks comes from the health budget D．upset by the fact that underfunded parks give rise to some social problems 38．According to the passage, the writer is for the opinion that ________. A．parks’ water systems should be improved B．the roles that parks can play should be reassessed C．new technology should be applied to upgrade park facilities D．strategies should be developed to cut parks’ operational costs 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Parks: A Money Waster B．Parks: Just Green Spaces? C．Parks: More Needed in Poorer Areas D．Parks: An Indicator of Economic Growth? 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了传统会计方法对公园价值的低估以及公园对健康、环境和经济的重要贡献，呼吁重新评估公园的角色并采取措施保护它们。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中中“So England’s 27,000 parks are considered as financial liabilities rather than the amazing asset to our health and wellbeing that any of their 37 million regular users could prove.(因此，英格兰的27,000个公园被视为财务负担，而不是其3700万常规用户中任何一人都能证明的、对我们健康和福祉而言惊人的资产。)”可知，从传统会计的角度来看，公园被视为负担而非财富。故选A。 37．推理判断题。根据第二段中中“Less money means less maintenance, more litter and uncivilized behavior and gradually much-loved local parks have been turned into dangerous eyesores. Tragically it’s the small, green spaces in poorer, built-up areas that suffer most from the disproportionate cuts to maintenance.(资金减少意味着维护减少，垃圾增多，不文明行为增多，渐渐地，深受喜爱的当地公园变成了危险的碍眼之物。不幸的是，在较贫穷的建成区，小型绿地因维护费用不成比例地削减而遭受的损失最大。)”可知，作者对资金不足的公园引发的一些社会问题感到不安。故选D。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But it doesn’t have to be this way. Andrew Hinchley, green space development officer at the London Borough of Camden, said that if we had new ways of valuing the services parks provide for improving water quality, for example, then you could ask water companies to pay towards their upkeep.(但情况不一定要这样。伦敦卡姆登区的绿地发展官员Andrew Hinchley说，如果我们有新的方法来评估公园为改善水质等提供的服务价值，那么你就可以要求自来水公司为公园的维护支付费用。)”以及第四段中中“The local government is urged to publish strategic plans to recognize the real value of parks and to set out how they will be managed to maximize their contribution to wider local authority goals such as promoting healthier lifestyles.(敦促地方政府公布战略计划，以承认公园的真正价值，并制定如何管理公园的计划，以最大限度地发挥它们对更广泛的地方政府目标（如促进更健康的生活方式）的贡献。)”可知，作者认为应该重新评估公园可以发挥的作用。故选B。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中中“Our green spaces are shrinking and decaying despite the fact that they deliver a range of ecosystem services such as improving air and water quality, lowering the risk by absorbing water run-off, and cooling the urban environment as well as providing much-needed space for wildlife.(尽管我们的绿地提供了一系列生态系统服务，如改善空气和水质、通过吸收径流降低风险、冷却城市环境以及为野生动物提供急需的空间，但它们仍在缩小和衰退。)”以及最后一段中“The local government is urged to publish strategic plans to recognize the real value of parks and to set out how they will be managed to maximize their contribution to wider local authority goals such as promoting healthier lifestyles.(敦促地方政府公布战略计划，以承认公园的真正价值，并制定如何管理公园的计划，以最大限度地发挥它们对更广泛的地方政府目标（如促进更健康的生活方式）的贡献。)”可知，文章主要讨论了公园不仅仅是绿地，它们对健康、环境和经济都有重要贡献，因此应该重新评估它们的价值并采取措施保护它们。所以B项“Parks: Just Green Spaces?(公园：仅仅是绿地吗？)”作为题目最合适。故选B。 (B) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 — October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 40．What is the purpose of this text? A．To raise money for local artists. B．To release a collection of artwork. C．To introduce a cultural festival. D．To call for artworks for a project. 41．How long will the public art signs be on display? A．Ten days. B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Two months. 42．Which of the following meets the application requirements? A．A 150-word poem. B．A 100-word self-introduction. C．A 300-word story. D．A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】40．D 41．B 42．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了伯灵顿市公共艺术项目联合文化日征集本地艺术家作品，涵盖视觉与文学类型，明确报酬、时间节点及提交材料要求，作品将在指定时段展示。 40．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. (伯灵顿市的公共艺术项目将在贝希威亚海滩举办一系列临时公共艺术标识，与安大略文化日活动同步进行。该项目将挑选 10 名视觉艺术家和 10 名作家来创作作品，这些作品将被展示在多用途路径上的临时标识牌上。此次征集面向伯灵顿本地的艺术家，并且接受所有能够以标识形式呈现的艺术形式的投稿。)”可知，文章核心内容是伯灵顿市公共艺术项目联合安大略文化日，面向本地艺术家征集可用于标牌展示的艺术作品（包括视觉艺术和文学作品），同时明确了征集要求、时间节点、报酬及提交材料。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是为一个项目征集艺术作品。故选D项。 41．细节理解题。根据Estimated Project Timeline部分，作品展示时间为“September 23 — October 13 (9月23日至10月13日)”计算可知，9月剩余8天（23日 - 30日），10月展示13天，总计21天，即三周。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据Application Package中“Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. (作品说明：请提供一份简短的说明（最多150个词），阐述您的作品理念。)”、“Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. (文字投稿：投稿内容不得超过 250 个词。可以是独立的作品，比如一首诗或一篇短篇小说，也可以是从一篇较大作品中选取的一部分。)”以及“Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. (艺术家简介：请以第三人称撰写一段简短的艺术家介绍（最多50个词）。)”可知，A选项“150 词的诗歌”符合写作类作品“最多250 词”的要求，正确。BCD选项均与原文实意不符。故选A项。 (C) Science fiction stories have imagined future people living in underground cities on Mars, in asteroids, and in space stations far from the sun. But if humans are ever to survive in any of those tough environments, they will need ways to grow food using limited resources-and photosynthesis (光合作用), the wildly successful yet energy-inefficient process by which plants turn sunlight into sugar, might not cut it. Now, some scientists are wondering whether it’s possible to produce food more efficiently by skipping photosynthesis altogether, and growing plants in the dark. The idea sounds as science fictional as cities on Mars. But a team of researchers has taken a first step toward realizing it with a study published in Nature Food in June. The research shows it is possible to grow algae (藻类), edible yeast (食用酵母), and mushroom-producing fungi (真菌) in the dark by supplying them with a carbon-based chemical that didn’t originate from plants, but instead was manufactured using solar electricity. That is, this method replaced biological photosynthesis with a partly artificial process for turning sunlight into food. Their process is a version of artificial photosynthesis, a term that has been around for years and includes various approaches to transforming sunlight, water, and CO2 into liquid fuels and other chemicals. The researchers say their work represents the first time an artificial photosynthesis system has been paired with an attempt to grow common food-producing organisms. The scientists are hopeful that this method could unlock new ways to produce food using less physical space and energy than traditional agriculture — including, perhaps, crops that can grow in the dark. While other experts are skeptical that it will ever be possible to redesign plant biology so thoroughly, they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team’s out-of-the-box idea about how to make food production more efficient. Lynn Rothschild, a senior research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says it’s worth keeping an open mind about how any efforts to redesign a fundamental biological process like photosynthesis could be applied, in space or on Earth: “The payoff may be something we haven’t imagined yet.” 43．How could scientists grow algae in the dark according to the text? A．By giving them a chemical from plants. B．By giving them a chemical produced by solar electricity. C．By giving them physical space and energy. D．By giving them crops that grow in the dark. 44．Which of the following best describes artificial photosynthesis”? A．It uses sunlight, water, and CO2 inefficiently. B．It has been very successful. C．It helps to find new ways of producing food. D．The term has just been created. 45．What does the underlined word “out-of-the-box” mean in paragraph 5? A．Taken out from the box. B．Usable immediately. C．Mysterious. D．Very creative. 46．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．How to grow fungi in the dark? B．What is artificial photosynthesis? C．Can food crops grow in the dark? D．How to turn sunlight into food? 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．D 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明探讨了如何借助人工光合作用，在黑暗中生产食物。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“The research shows it is possible to grow algae (藻类), edible yeast (食用酵母), and mushroom-producing fungi (真菌) in the dark by supplying them with a carbon-based chemical that didn’t originate from plants, but instead was manufactured using solar electricity.(这项研究表明，通过向藻类、食用酵母以及能产生蘑菇的真菌提供一种并非源自植物的、而是利用太阳能电力制造而成的碳基化学物质，可以在黑暗环境中培育这些生物)”可知，科学家通过提供由太阳能发电产生的某种化学物质在黑暗中培育藻类。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据第三段“Their process is a version of artificial photosynthesis, a term that has been around for years and includes various approaches to transforming sunlight, water, and CO2 into liquid fuels and other chemicals.(他们的这一过程属于人工光合作用的一种形式，这个术语已经存在多年，涵盖了将阳光、水和二氧化碳转化为液体燃料及其他化学物质的各种方法)”以及第四段“The scientists are hopeful that this method could unlock new ways to produce food using less physical space and energy than traditional agriculture — including, perhaps, crops that can grow in the dark.(科学家们满怀希望，认为这种方法能够开辟出新的途径，以更少的物理空间和能源来生产食物，相比传统农业而言更具优势——甚至可能包括那些能在黑暗中生长的作物)”可知，人工光合作用有助于找到生产食物的新方法。故选C。 45．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The idea sounds as science fictional as cities on Mars.(这个想法听起来就像是来自科幻小说中的场景——类似火星上的城市)”以及划线词所在句“they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team’s out-of-the-box idea about how to make food production more efficient.(他们对研究人员所发明的技术以及团队提出的关于如何提高食品生产效率的out-of-the-box理念感到十分兴奋)”可知，这个想法是很创新，很有想象力的，故划线词意思是“非常有创造力的”。故选D。 46．主旨大意题。文章开篇点明了研究的最终目的——有效生产食物以保证在恶劣的地外环境中的生存。第2~4段提到，研究表明，通过人工光合作用培育微型生物的成果，可以作为在黑暗中生产食物的踏板(进而应用于地外环境)。最后两段讲述不同人的观点态度。C选项“植物能生长在黑暗环境中吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In uncertain times, certainty is over-rated and over-rewarded Type the words “kind of”, “probably” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: “ 47 ” To me, this suggestion encapsulates something we’ve got wrong in society: we live in a world that rewards those who speak with a strong opinion — even when that is misplaced — and gives very little airtime to those who acknowledge doubt. “ 48 Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble. “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is hard-wired to hate uncertainty: a 2016 study published in Nature Communications found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock or not — higher even than subjects who were told they definitely would get one. While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real. 49 In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events. Prof Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and synthesize those into various “small” conclusions. Hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs worse forecasters but more likely to get attention. 50 Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. A．Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. B．Highly confident statements also promote polarization, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. C．We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story. D．But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? E．And it makes sense that when we’re all feeling anxious, we would want to feel that some adults somewhere know what they’re doing. F．Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact. 【答案】47．F 48．C 49．A 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要批判社会过度推崇确定性与果断表达，指出自信的专家未必可靠，并呼吁理性看待所谓权威观点。 47．根据前文“If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: (如果人工智能驱动的“微软编辑器”判定你听起来不够果断，它就会警告你：)”可知，前文提到软件会对不果断的表达发出警告，此空应是警告的具体内容，F选项“Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact.(表达不确定性的词语会削弱你的影响力。)”与前文“不够果断”的语境完全对应，符合语境。故选F项。 48．根据后文“Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying.(为什么？因为这在心理上令人满足。)”可知，前文应提出一种人们倾向于相信果断言论的现象，C选项“We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story.(我们会被那些讲述简单、清晰、自信故事的权威所吸引，也更愿意听他们说话。)”引出后文对这一现象原因的解释，符合语境。故选C项。 49．根据前文“While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real.(虽然听起来自信的权威可能给了我们大脑想要的东西，但他们提供的慰藉可能并不真实。)”以及后文“In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events.(事实上，心理学教授菲利普·泰特洛克发现，预测者的名气与其预测事件结果的能力呈负相关。)”可知，此空应说明过度自信的公众人物反而更受关注，A选项“Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. (然而，过度自信的“思想领袖”和其他公众人物通常占据报纸头条，拥有最多的社交媒体粉丝。)”承接前后文，符合语境。故选A项。 50．根据后文“Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.(加德纳先生提出一种方法：给发言者贴上过往预测记录的标签，就像我们查看赛马或棒球运动员的表现数据一样。)”可知，后文提出监督专家的具体方法，此空应提出是否应该问责这些专家的疑问，D选项“But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? (但如果我们让“专家”和领导者承担责任，难道不是更好吗？)”引出后文的解决方案，符合语境。故选D项。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Plants Light Our Cities? Scientists have long imagined city parks and streets lighted by plants that shine at night. The vision is attractive: living lights that need no wiring, that move with the wind, and that turn urban spaces into gardens of gentle light. Yet the science behind the dream is stubborn. Plants power themselves with photosynthesis, which converts only a tiny part of incoming sunlight into usable energy. Most estimates put the capture at under two percent, and plants must spend nearly all of that to stay alive. That leaves little spare energy to convert back into visible light. Because of this limit, engineers sometimes try to skip biology. Instead of making plants generate their own light, they inject leaves with “persistent phosphors,” the same kinds of materials that make plastic stars shine after the bedroom lights go out. These small particles can be spread through the tissues of the plants, producing bright, short-term colors. The trick works, but it is basically a stage effect. As the plant grows, the light fades; when the plant dies, the chemicals must be thrown away. Researchers also rarely address possible risks of releasing high-phosphor plants into gardens and landfills. A truly promising route would modify the plant rather than paint it. If future biotechnology enabled leaves to build biodegradable light-emitting molecules (分子), plants could store part of daylight and release it slowly after sunset. In theory, this might even assist photosynthesis by moderating changes in light levels and by converting otherwise useless wavelengths into ones the chloroplasts (叶绿体) can employ. You might picture fields that shine softly while continuing to grow through the night. For now, though, shining houseplants are mostly clever novelties. They are inspiring to look at, but they will not replace real streetlights any time soon. Use them to stimulate curiosity, not to light the city. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although people dream of using glowing plants to light cities, plants have very little extra energy to produce light. Injecting phosphors can create temporary light but has many drawbacks and risks. Modifying plants is a promising method but still unrealistic. At present, glowing plants are just novelties and cannot replace streetlights soon. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家设想用发光植物照明城市，但植物光合能量有限，难以发光。注入荧光粉效果短暂且有风险，改造植物虽有前景却不现实。目前发光植物仅为新奇事物，无法替代路灯。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Scientists have long imagined city parks and streets lighted by plants that shine at night. ②Plants power themselves with photosynthesis, which converts only a tiny part of incoming sunlight into usable energy. ③Instead of making plants generate their own light, they inject leaves with “persistent phosphors,” the same kinds of materials that make plastic stars shine after the bedroom lights go out. These small particles can be spread through the tissues of the plants, producing bright, short-term colors. The trick works, but it is basically a stage effect. As the plant grows, the light fades; when the plant dies, the chemicals must be thrown away. Researchers also rarely address possible risks of releasing high-phosphor plants into gardens and landfills. ④A truly promising route would modify the plant rather than paint it. They are inspiring to look at, but they will not replace real streetlights any time soon. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Although people dream of using luminescent plants to illuminate cities, the energy generated by plants themselves is extremely limited. Injecting phosphors can produce a brief glow, but this method has many drawbacks and risks. The modification of plants is a promising approach, but remains impractical at present. Currently, luminescent plants are merely novelties and cannot replace streetlights in the short term. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Although people dream of using glowing plants to light cities, plants have very little extra energy to produce light.（运用了Although引导的让步状语从句） [高分句型2] Injecting phosphors can create temporary light but has many drawbacks and risks.（运用了非谓语动词中的动名词短语作主语） V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．对于一家百年老店而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For a century-old store, how can it maintain its attractiveness? 【详解】考查情态动词、特殊疑问句。表示“对于一家百年老店而言”用For a century-old store；表示“如何”用how引导的特殊疑问句，句子主语用it，指代a century-old store。 表示“能”用can，特殊疑问句中放在主语it之前；表示“保持吸引力”用maintain its attractiveness，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形。故翻译为：For a century-old store, how can it maintain its attractiveness? 53．这家酒店的招牌下午茶可以在藤蔓满墙的花园中享用。（serve） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The signature afternoon tea of this hotel can be served in the garden with vines covering the walls. 【详解】考查被动语态和with的复合结构。表示“这家酒店的招牌下午茶”用the signature afternoon tea of this hotel，作主语；表示“可以”用情态动词can，后接动词原形；表示“端上（食物）”用serve，与主语之间是被动关系，用be served，与can构成含情态动词的被动语态；表示“在藤蔓满墙的花园中”用in the garden with vines covering the walls，其中with的复合结构作后置定语修饰名词garden，表示“藤蔓”用vines，表示“覆盖”用cover，vines与cover之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故翻译为The signature afternoon tea of this hotel can be served in the garden with vines covering the walls. 54．意识到自己要独自应付如此繁重的工作量，她不禁感到忧心忡忡，心力交瘁。(not help) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Realizing she had to deal with such a heavy workload alone, she couldn’t help feeling anxious and exhausted. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。表示“她”用she，作主语；表示“意识到”为动词realize，此处为非谓语动词作状语，realize和逻辑主语she为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，realize后接省略that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“不得不处理”应为动词短语have to deal with；表示“如此繁重的工作量”应为名词短语such a heavy workload；主句部分中，表示“不禁做某事”应为动词短语couldn’t help doing；表示“感到”为动词feel，此处用动名词形式，作宾语；表示“忧心忡忡，心力交瘁”应为形容词短语anxious and exhausted作表语；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：Realizing she had to deal with such a heavy workload alone, she couldn’t help feeling anxious and exhausted. 55．这家公司的新管理层以员工福利和顾客信任为代价，追求降本增效，难怪它的声誉这么快就崩塌了。（expense） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The new management of this company pursued cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the expense of employee benefits and customer trust, and no wonder that its reputation collapsed so quickly. 【详解】考查时态、固定句型。表示“这家公司的新管理层”用the new management of this company，作主语。表示“追求降本增效”用pursue cost reduction and efficiency improvement，作谓语，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式pursued。表示“以……为代价”用at the expense of，为固定搭配。表示“员工福利和顾客信任”用employee benefits and customer trust，作宾语。表示“难怪”用固定句型no wonder that，表示“它的声誉”用its reputation，作主语。表示“崩塌”用collapse，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式collapsed。表示“这么快”用so quickly。故翻译为：The new management of this company pursued cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the expense of employee benefits and customer trust, and no wonder that its reputation collapsed so quickly. VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56．假设你是Alex，你的朋友Lora对摄影非常感兴趣，计划在今年寒假参加一个摄影工作坊（workshop）进一步研习。她发现了两个不同主题的工作坊，一个专注于自然风光摄影，另一个则是城市街头摄影。Lora对于选择哪个方向感到犹豫不决，因此她通过电子邮件向你求助。请你给Lora回复一封邮件，分享你的看法。你的回复需要包括： 1.对比两个工作坊； 2.根据Lora的情况，给出你认为她更适合参加的工作坊的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear Lora, I hope this email finds you well. I was delighted to hear about your plans to attend a photography workshop this winter break. Both workshops you’ve found sound exciting, but they do have distinct focuses. The natural light workshop promises an immersive experience capturing the breathtaking beauty of nature. It would be ideal for someone who loves outdoor adventures and seeks inspiration in serene landscapes. On the other hand, the city street photography workshop emphasizes capturing the candid moments and vibrant energy of urban life. This would suit someone who enjoys observing people and the urban environment up close. Considering your deep interest in exploring diverse cultures and your knack for finding beauty in everyday scenes, I believe the city street photography workshop might be a better fit for you. Whichever you choose, I’m sure you’ll come back with stunning photos and a wealth of new experiences. Good luck! Yours, Alex 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Lora回复一封邮件，分享你对两个工作坊的看法并提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：delighted→pleased 计划做：plan to do→intend to do 有活力的：vibrant →dynamic 强调：emphasize→stress 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Both workshops you’ve found sound exciting, but they do have distinct focuses. 拓展句：Although both workshops you’ve found sound exciting, they do have distinct focuses. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Considering your deep interest in exploring diverse cultures and your knack for finding beauty in everyday scenes, I believe the city street photography workshop might be a better fit for you. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] This would suit someone who enjoys observing people and the urban environment up close. (运用了who引导定语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷07） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling a little blue lately? A handful of recent research suggests you’re not alone. Thankfully, there may be something — or several things — you can do about it. Researchers 1 (know) for decades that certain activities make us feel better, and they’re just beginning to understand 2 happens in the brain to boost our mood. A study published in the journal Nature on July 11 found that 3 people were given the option of spending money on themselves or another person, those who spent it on someone else had more activity in a brain area linked to the subjective feeling of happiness. We’ve all been there. It’s been a bad day and you feel the urge to buy your favorite comfort food or snag a new pair of shoes. However, studies suggest you’ll feel 4 (happy) if you spend that money on someone else. The new study in Nature suggests that people feel happier after doing something generous 5 activity in the brain regions involved in 6 (help) others seems to override the activity in the regions linked with personal reward. A 2008 experiment supports these findings — for that study, volunteers 7 (split) into two groups and either splurged on (挥霍) themselves or another person. Those who got something for others were shown to be happier than those who bought something for 8 . Donating your time 9 have the same effect. In a recent review of 40 studies done over the last 20 years, researchers found that volunteering was one of the most successful ways to boost psychological health. Volunteering was found 10 (link) with a reduced risk of depression, a higher amount of overall satisfaction, and even a reduced risk of death from of a physical illness as a consequence of mental distress. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying   B．exploiting   C． interventions   D．biologically   E. statistically   F. randomized   G. linked   H. regulating     I. trial    J. average   K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 11 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 12 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 13 accessible, safe 14 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 15 chronological age of 70. The participants were 16 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 17 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 18 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 19 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 20 outcomes.” II. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Try Paper-Based Crafting to Cut Through Overthinking Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms. Still, I often find it hard to “switch off”, and stop 21 thoughts. But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety. In a collage (拼贴画) workshop, I cut images from magazines, and pasted them on to paper. Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue, I was transported back to more creative childhood days—and experienced a deep sense of 22 . 23 drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage, while the pressure to make something ‘perfect’ is removed. By remixing readymade visuals, I was able to 24 the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom. Alongside the simple joy of cutting and arranging images, I learned that the final 25 can be meaningful, too. According to artist and teacher Hazel Pit, we mentally store certain past images in our minds—and collage allows us to access them. “With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself,” she says. Hazel’s students have been surprised by the emotions reflected back to them in their compositions. As she explains: “Collage can act as a 26 conduit (渠道，通道) for the inner self,” and anyone can experience its benefits by following these steps. Grab your tools Gather visually-rich materials, including magazines and newspapers, leaflets, old books, vintage postcards, and photographs. Searching for forgotten pictures can 27 new ideas and emotional revelations. You will also need glue and a pair of 28 . For the background, choose paper or card that suits your personal style, from a piece of white A5 to a leftover delivery box. Work with what you have! Follow your intuition Pick out your images 29 . “Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind,” says Hazel. Drawing on psychotherapist Carl Jung’s theories about images as metaphors in healing, she advises: “Only choose something that resonates with you, sparking an emotional reaction, as this will give your collage substance.” You might be 30 to certain colours, textures, or details, as well as figures, words, or scenes. At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile. Cut, slice, and tear Cut out your chosen images or experiment with tearing with your hands for rougher edges. This repetitive act requires concentration and is soothing. “Cutting will put you in a meditative space,” says Hazel, “as you stop thinking about 31 issues and exist in the present moment.” Play around with pictures Arrange, rearrange, and layer your images, testing different combinations. Without constraints, allow your intuition to guide you. This is the most expressive part of the process, so embrace it. Pin and paste Once you’re happy with the arrangement, glue it down. Small pins can also help keep your composition in 32 . Reflect on your collage Finally, take time to reflect upon your collage. Does the choice and arrangement of pictures hold 33 ? Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface. Generally speaking, collage requires no special 34 skill. The pressure to make something “perfect” gradually disappears. Studies suggest that creative activities like collage can reduce anxiety and strengthen one’s sense of 35 . 21．A．innovative B．reflective C．intrusive D．passive 22．A．suspicion B．curiosity C．tension D．calm 23．A．In addition to B．In contrast to C．In spite of D．In place of 24．A．silence B．prompt C．obey D．question 25．A．combination B．composition C．conclusion D．complement 26．A．mental B．physiological C．physical D．visual 27．A．block B．spark C．spell D．underestimate 28．A．knives B．tools C．scissors D．devices 29．A．carefully B．logically C．randomly D．instinctively 30．A．forced B．drawn C．exposed D．introduced 31．A．internal B．personal C．external D．minor 32．A．order B．mind C．balance D．shape 33．A．popularity B．difficulty C．convenience D．significance 34．A．technical B．practical C．artistic D．professional 35．A．identity B．humor C．self D．responsibility Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Traditional accountancy methods focus on a park’s saleable value, or its operational costs associated with maintenance. So England’s 27,000 parks are considered as financial liabilities rather than the amazing asset to our health and wellbeing that any of their 37 million regular users could prove. Our green spaces are shrinking and decaying despite the fact that they deliver a range of ecosystem services such as improving air and water quality, lowering the risk by absorbing water run-off, and cooling the urban environment as well as providing much-needed space for wildlife. By using a “natural capital” accountancy approach that puts a value on all these social, environmental and economic contributions, scientists discovered that for every £1 spent on its parks, they produce £34 of benefits. Yet this true value is not widely measured or recognized. Ian Walmsley, a green space manager in England, said that “an argument has never been successfully made that if you spend X on a park, there will be a saving in the health budget and therefore you should take money out of the health budget and put it into parks.” As a result, the government inquiry report published last week warned that parks are at a tipping point of decline, spoiled by a 92% reduction in their budgets since 2010 because of local authority cuts. Less money means less maintenance, more litter and uncivilized behavior and gradually much-loved local parks have been turned into dangerous eyesores. Tragically it’s the small, green spaces in poorer, built-up areas that suffer most from the disproportionate cuts to maintenance. But it doesn’t have to be this way. Andrew Hinchley, green space development officer at the London Borough of Camden, said that if we had new ways of valuing the services parks provide for improving water quality, for example, then you could ask water companies to pay towards their upkeep. The local government is urged to publish strategic plans to recognize the real value of parks and to set out how they will be managed to maximize their contribution to wider local authority goals such as promoting healthier lifestyles. It is suggested that the government’s health strategy could fund parks. It could be a legal requirement for councils to produce such strategies. 36．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that from an traditional accounting perspective, parks are considered ________. A．more a burden than a treasure B．more beneficial than harmful C．more a provider than a consumer D．more uncontrollable than manageable 37．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the writer is________. A．sure that parks in built-up areas will be better funded B．confused why a 92% reduction is a tipping point of decline C．dissatisfied that money put into parks comes from the health budget D．upset by the fact that underfunded parks give rise to some social problems 38．According to the passage, the writer is for the opinion that ________. A．parks’ water systems should be improved B．the roles that parks can play should be reassessed C．new technology should be applied to upgrade park facilities D．strategies should be developed to cut parks’ operational costs 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Parks: A Money Waster B．Parks: Just Green Spaces? C．Parks: More Needed in Poorer Areas D．Parks: An Indicator of Economic Growth? (B) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 — October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 40．What is the purpose of this text? A．To raise money for local artists. B．To release a collection of artwork. C．To introduce a cultural festival. D．To call for artworks for a project. 41．How long will the public art signs be on display? A．Ten days. B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Two months. 42．Which of the following meets the application requirements? A．A 150-word poem. B．A 100-word self-introduction. C．A 300-word story. D．A 200-word artwork statement. (C) Science fiction stories have imagined future people living in underground cities on Mars, in asteroids, and in space stations far from the sun. But if humans are ever to survive in any of those tough environments, they will need ways to grow food using limited resources-and photosynthesis (光合作用), the wildly successful yet energy-inefficient process by which plants turn sunlight into sugar, might not cut it. Now, some scientists are wondering whether it’s possible to produce food more efficiently by skipping photosynthesis altogether, and growing plants in the dark. The idea sounds as science fictional as cities on Mars. But a team of researchers has taken a first step toward realizing it with a study published in Nature Food in June. The research shows it is possible to grow algae (藻类), edible yeast (食用酵母), and mushroom-producing fungi (真菌) in the dark by supplying them with a carbon-based chemical that didn’t originate from plants, but instead was manufactured using solar electricity. That is, this method replaced biological photosynthesis with a partly artificial process for turning sunlight into food. Their process is a version of artificial photosynthesis, a term that has been around for years and includes various approaches to transforming sunlight, water, and CO2 into liquid fuels and other chemicals. The researchers say their work represents the first time an artificial photosynthesis system has been paired with an attempt to grow common food-producing organisms. The scientists are hopeful that this method could unlock new ways to produce food using less physical space and energy than traditional agriculture — including, perhaps, crops that can grow in the dark. While other experts are skeptical that it will ever be possible to redesign plant biology so thoroughly, they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team’s out-of-the-box idea about how to make food production more efficient. Lynn Rothschild, a senior research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says it’s worth keeping an open mind about how any efforts to redesign a fundamental biological process like photosynthesis could be applied, in space or on Earth: “The payoff may be something we haven’t imagined yet.” 43．How could scientists grow algae in the dark according to the text? A．By giving them a chemical from plants. B．By giving them a chemical produced by solar electricity. C．By giving them physical space and energy. D．By giving them crops that grow in the dark. 44．Which of the following best describes artificial photosynthesis”? A．It uses sunlight, water, and CO2 inefficiently. B．It has been very successful. C．It helps to find new ways of producing food. D．The term has just been created. 45．What does the underlined word “out-of-the-box” mean in paragraph 5? A．Taken out from the box. B．Usable immediately. C．Mysterious. D．Very creative. 46．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．How to grow fungi in the dark? B．What is artificial photosynthesis? C．Can food crops grow in the dark? D．How to turn sunlight into food? Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In uncertain times, certainty is over-rated and over-rewarded Type the words “kind of”, “probably” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the artificial intelligence-powered “Microsoft Editor” decides you’re not sounding decisive enough, it will warn you: “ 47 ” To me, this suggestion encapsulates something we’ve got wrong in society: we live in a world that rewards those who speak with a strong opinion — even when that is misplaced — and gives very little airtime to those who acknowledge doubt. “ 48 Why? Because that’s psychologically satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble. “That’s saying ‘let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is hard-wired to hate uncertainty: a 2016 study published in Nature Communications found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock or not — higher even than subjects who were told they definitely would get one. While confident-sounding pundits might be giving us what our brains desire, the relief they are providing is probably not real. 49 In fact, Psychology professor Philip Tetlock found that there was an inverse (相反的) correlation between the fame of forecasters and their ability to predict the outcomes of events. Prof Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches and perspectives, and synthesize those into various “small” conclusions. Hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs worse forecasters but more likely to get attention. 50 Mr Gardner suggests one way to do this would be to tag speakers with some kind of record of previous predictions, much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. A．Yet overconfident “thought leaders” and other public figures are usually the ones who get the most newspaper headlines and biggest social media followings. B．Highly confident statements also promote polarization, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. C．We are drawn to, and more inclined to listen to, those pundits (权威/专家) who tell us a simple, clear, confident story. D．But wouldn’t it be better if we held “experts” and leaders to account? E．And it makes sense that when we’re all feeling anxious, we would want to feel that some adults somewhere know what they’re doing. F．Words expressing uncertainty lessen your impact. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Plants Light Our Cities? Scientists have long imagined city parks and streets lighted by plants that shine at night. The vision is attractive: living lights that need no wiring, that move with the wind, and that turn urban spaces into gardens of gentle light. Yet the science behind the dream is stubborn. Plants power themselves with photosynthesis, which converts only a tiny part of incoming sunlight into usable energy. Most estimates put the capture at under two percent, and plants must spend nearly all of that to stay alive. That leaves little spare energy to convert back into visible light. Because of this limit, engineers sometimes try to skip biology. Instead of making plants generate their own light, they inject leaves with “persistent phosphors,” the same kinds of materials that make plastic stars shine after the bedroom lights go out. These small particles can be spread through the tissues of the plants, producing bright, short-term colors. The trick works, but it is basically a stage effect. As the plant grows, the light fades; when the plant dies, the chemicals must be thrown away. Researchers also rarely address possible risks of releasing high-phosphor plants into gardens and landfills. A truly promising route would modify the plant rather than paint it. If future biotechnology enabled leaves to build biodegradable light-emitting molecules (分子), plants could store part of daylight and release it slowly after sunset. In theory, this might even assist photosynthesis by moderating changes in light levels and by converting otherwise useless wavelengths into ones the chloroplasts (叶绿体) can employ. You might picture fields that shine softly while continuing to grow through the night. For now, though, shining houseplants are mostly clever novelties. They are inspiring to look at, but they will not replace real streetlights any time soon. Use them to stimulate curiosity, not to light the city. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．对于一家百年老店而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．这家酒店的招牌下午茶可以在藤蔓满墙的花园中享用。（serve） ________________________________________________________________ 54．意识到自己要独自应付如此繁重的工作量，她不禁感到忧心忡忡，心力交瘁。(not help) ________________________________________________________________ 55．这家公司的新管理层以员工福利和顾客信任为代价，追求降本增效，难怪它的声誉这么快就崩塌了。（expense） ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56．假设你是Alex，你的朋友Lora对摄影非常感兴趣，计划在今年寒假参加一个摄影工作坊（workshop）进一步研习。她发现了两个不同主题的工作坊，一个专注于自然风光摄影，另一个则是城市街头摄影。Lora对于选择哪个方向感到犹豫不决，因此她通过电子邮件向你求助。请你给Lora回复一封邮件，分享你的看法。你的回复需要包括： 1.对比两个工作坊； 2.根据Lora的情况，给出你认为她更适合参加的工作坊的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第5页（共12页） 试题 第6页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $