卷04-【灿烂六月 · 金8卷】备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷）

【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷04） （笔试部分：115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It's Saturday morning at Sydney's Manly beach and nearly 100 people are bending over piles of litter, sorting them into coloured bags. A judge blows his whistle and calls: “Two minutes!” as a team debates 1 a discarded tennis racket (网球拍) is “heavy waste” — risking a 100-point penalty if they guess wrong. This is Australia's World Cup qualifier for Spogomi, a game invented in Japan in 2008 by Kenichi Mamitsuka under the slogan “Trash pickup is a sport!” 2 (make) rubbish collection more engaging and raise awareness about waste. The name combines the English word “sport” with gomi, 3 Japanese word for rubbish. The victor will win a trip to Tokyo to compete against about 20 countries including the US, the UK and China for the Spogomi World Cup 2025. 4 only discovering the sport a week before, I was part of a team of three, among the 30 taking part in Australia's qualifier. Teams had an hour to pick up rubbish within a designated area. The types of rubbish 5 (collect), and their weight, earn certain points. Some heavy items-such as prams or tyres — are banned and attract a penalty. Participants are allowed to walk quickly but not run, and must stay within 10 metres of their team members. Rule breaches lead to a yellow or red card-then elimination. At the end, teams have 20 minutes to sort items into bags 6 points are counted. This is only the second year that Spogomi qualifiers 7 (hold) in Australia but in Japan, where almost 50 regions take part in the qualifiers, the sport is hugely popular. The first World Cup in 2023 was broadcast on several television stations and attended by members of Japan's ministry of sport. Australia's spogomi founder, Jason Partington, 8 took Australia's winners to Tokyo, says the sport is “only going to get bigger” here. “It was crazy,” he says of the 2023 event. “It was like being in the Olympics . . . it was incredible.” To Partington, 9 is dressed up as a fun event is about raising environmental awareness. “We know 80% of litter that ends up in the ocean comes from the land, so the more we can get people aware 10 instead of walking past rubbish, you should pick it up, the better,” he said. “There will be hundreds of kilograms of stuff that we've collected today.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．discussion  B．mature  C． alert  D．solution  E. everyday  F. power G. visions  H. play  I. recharged  J. termed  K. variation In Smart Cities of the Future, Posters and Street Signs Can Talk One day, in the smart cities, signs may be able to talk to us through our phones and our car radios. FM radio waves can be used to transmit data and audio from posters, clothing, and other 11 objects. Vikram Iyer is part of an engineering team at the University of Washington that just published a study showing that it is possible for a smart phone or a car radio to 12 a message sent from a “smart” poster via FM radio signals, instead of relying on WiFi or Bluetooth to transmit it. This involves a technique 13 as “backscattering”, where audio and data are transmitted on top of existing FM broadcast signals. The result is that backscattering requires much, much less energy, meaning an outdoor poster or sign could share a message for years while using next to no 14 . To test their technology, the engineering team created a “singing poster” for a musical group named Simply Three, and put it up near a bus stop. To make the poster “sing”, it needed an antenna with some electronics. The scientists came up with a simple 15 to this problem. “We put very thin copper tape on the back of the 16 such as posters and signs,” explains Anran Wang, a doctoral engineering student and one of the study’s co-authors. That essentially enabled them to act like a mini-FM radio station. The team also did a/an 17 of the experiment using a T-shirt. Using FM radio waves, the shirt, with conductive thread woven into it, was able to act as an antenna and transmit data to a smartphone. That showed that clothing could be used with sensors to monitor a person’s vital signs and didn’t need to be constantly 18 . The scientists were primarily focused on proof of concept, and they appear to be the first research team to prove this method of tapping into existing radio signals can work. Iyer thinks the technology is still not 19 . How it might ultimately be used is open to 20 , but he believes there are plenty of possibilities beyond promoting music groups. III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A critical life skill is fading out — and especially fast among young adults. What are the key characteristics that shape the length and quality of our careers, 21 and lives more broadly? The socio-economic environment we grow up in certainly has a substantial influence. Cognitive (认知的) abilities are another 22 one: they enable better decision-making in all aspects of life. But another factor often gets less 23 despite being just as important: personality. In fact, studies consistently find that traits such as conscientiousness (the quality of being dependable and disciplined), emotional stability or agreeableness have a stronger link with 24 success, relationship durability and longevity than the links between those outcomes and someone’s intelligence or socio-economic background. Intuitively, this makes sense. Life isn’t just about knowing what you should do, or having the resources to do it, it’s about 25 . Being motivated and persistent is a huge help. It’s easy to imagine why the advantage of conscientiousness is growing over time. When contemporary daily life is full of 26 : from always-on mobile internet to irresistible foods, the ability to put long-term wellbeing ahead of short-term kicks becomes a superpower. Generative artificial intelligence could supercharge this 27 . An industrious student might use a large language model as a personal tutor to strengthen their knowledge of a concept; their less conscientious counterpart might 28 the same LLM with writing their essay, losing knowledge acquisition altogether. All this makes it frustrating that levels of conscientiousness in the population appear to be in decline, with a sustained fall especially pronounced among young adults. People in their twenties and thirties, 29 , report feeling increasingly easily distracted and careless, and less likely to make and deliver on commitments. While a full explanation of these shifts requires 30 investigation, smartphones and streaming services seem likely contributors. The sheer convenience of the online world makes real-life commitments feel chaotic and 31 , a mental burden the online world spares people. And the rise of time spent online and the attendant decline in face-to-face interactions enable behaviours such as “ghosting”. Collapsing conscientiousness is not the only visible personality shift. Neuroticism—a function of the much-discussed increase in anxiety—has 32 almost as much. While the classification of personality can feel unclear, the science is solid. Life is full of challenges. Less committed, less connected and more easily distressed people will 33 them less well. 34 , while the trends are undoubtedly troubling, we shouldn’t be fatalistic, because damaged personality can be rebuilt. Conscientiousness will separate those who just survive from those who thrive in the 21st century. We can each decide which half of that 35 we fall on—but ironically (讽刺地) that will take some dedication. 21．A．domains B．possessions C．relationships D．settings 22．A．obvious B．authoritative C．controversial D．trending 23．A．correspondence B．preference C．credit D．status 24．A．permanent B．financial C．corporate D．professional 25．A．thinking big B．following through C．starting out D．acting fast 26．A．technologies B．cuisines C．conveniences D．temptations 27．A．dynamic B．motive C．superpower D．resistance 28．A．task B．integrate C．switch D．stuff 29．A．by contrast B．as a result C．in particular D．above all 30．A．official B．thorough C．internal D．pilot 31．A．businesslike B．pointless C．autonomous D．effortful 32．A．advanced B．worsened C．risen D．persisted 33．A．navigate B．classify C．clarify D．investigate 34．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Nevertheless D．Instead 35．A．divide B．survival C．personality D．trend Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At age 11, Zlata Filipovic saw things that most people pray they never see. Growing up in the middle of a war zone, this little girl experienced firsthand the horrors of war. Filipovic turned 11 in December of 1991. Five months later Serbian soldiers attacked Filipovic’s hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia. While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. Zlata’s Diary was first published in the summer of 1993 by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It attracted enormous interest. Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. “I see that things aren’t good here,” Filipovic writes. “An ugly war is taking away my childhood.” After two years of enduring the war in Sarajevo, Filipovic’s family escaped to Paris in December of 1993. Zlata’s Diary was then printed by an international publisher. It became an instant bestseller. It has since been translated into 35 languages. Outside Bosnia, Filipovic continued to show deep concern for her torn homeland. In the following years, she gave many talks on the impact of war on children. She spoke often about the need for a stable, lasting peace in the Balkan region. Filipovic eventually attended a British University and received a degree in human sciences. Today, the well-being of the Balkan region remains on her mind. Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. 36．The underlined word “harrowing” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_______.” A．memorable B．disturbing C．embarrassing D．enriching 37．What was special about Zlata’s Diary? A．It wrote about war in different languages. B．It was as attractive as the daily news report. C．It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. D．It made the world know better about the Bosnian conflict. 38．It can be learned from the passage that ______. A．Zlata was promoting peace with her stories of war B．Zlata’s nose was seriously wounded in the conflict C．Zlata kept her diary a secret until the winter of 1993 D．Zlata felt relieved after escaping from the war in Sarajevo 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war B．Zlata Filipovic: writing against war C．Zlata Filipovic: changing the world D．Zlata Filipovic: loving peace in heart (B) Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229！ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! Don’t believe that you have to spend a lot of money to get a quality hearing aid” — Gilmore B． HCR3 Features! 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We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee--Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason. 40．One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that A．the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B．it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C．humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears D．people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids 41．How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids? A．$229. B．$249. C．$ 458. D．$498. 42．Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”? ① Built-in programs for different listening situations. ②Easy access to changing batteries ③Digital sound processing chip. ④ Simple adjustments without professional help. A．①③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ (C) Chemists at Cornell University have found a way to use light and oxygen to recycle polystyrene — a kind of plastic used in many everyday items — into benzoic acid, a chemical often kept in school laboratories and used in perfumes, food preservatives, and other common products. Styrofoam egg boxes, hard plastic disc cases, red cups, and many other products are made of polystyrene, which forms about one third of landfill waste around the world. Because this plastic is light and breaks into small pieces, it often escapes recycling systems and pollutes rivers and oceans, remaining for hundreds of years before it breaks down completely. A team led by Erin Stache, a chemistry professor at Cornell, discovered that the reaction can even take place in a sunny window. The process uses a special catalyst (催化剂) that allows light and oxygen to react with the plastic’s surface. When light shines on the catalyst, it activates oxygen, which then helps break the long plastic chains into smaller chemical parts that turn into benzoic acid. Because the reaction works under normal temperature and sunlight, it uses far less energy than heating or melting plastic in traditional systems and avoids the need for fossil fuels. In line with her lab’s goal of solving environmental problems through chemistry, Stache said the new method is simple, climate-friendly, and could handle large amounts of waste collected from daily life. The team hopes their discovery will encourage industries to find cleaner and more sustainable ways to reuse plastic materials and reduce long-term pollution. The method also works when the waste includes dirt, dyes (染料), or other kinds of plastic. Unlike many recycling systems that need careful sorting, it can deal with mixed or slightly dirty materials, which makes it more practical for everyday use and easier to apply in different regions. “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process,” Stache explained. “If we can use sunlight to drive the reaction, that’s a real advantage,” she added, noting that most current recycling systems depend on high heat from fuels. Tests with white coffee cup lids, Styrofoam, and clear lids showed that all broke down well, while black lids worked less effectively, possibly because dark dyes blocked the light. The team’s next step is to improve the speed of the reaction under natural sunlight and to test it on larger amounts of waste to see how well it performs outside the laboratory. 43．Which of the following best describes the Cornell team’s new process? A．Oxygen and heat act directly and efficiently on the plastic surface. B．Light and oxygen react through a catalyst to break down the plastic. C．The catalyst stops oxygen from reaching the plastic and changing it. D．Sunlight and the catalyst work together to melt the plastic into pieces. 44．What is the main significance of the team’s discovery? A．It proves that laboratory-made plastic products can be recycled safely. B．It introduces a faster and cheaper way to produce new types of plastic. C．It shows that sunlight can be used more effectively in upcycling waste. D．It offers a cleaner and more energy-saving way to recycle plastic waste. 45．In the sentence “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process” (paragraph 6), what does “control” most likely refer to? A．Limiting how much plastic is produced. B．Sorting different materials in a precise way. C．Directing and managing how the reaction happens. D．Measuring what color works best with their method. 46．What can be inferred from the researchers’ next goal in developing the recycling method? A．Speed and efficiency are important for commercial success. B．Partnership across research teams is essential for innovation. C．Scientific progress often depends on improving existing methods. D．Environmental projects need long-term public support to succeed. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Crop-growing skyscrapers By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. 47 The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical (垂直的) Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. 48 It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. 49 This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops. The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures and all the food could be grown organically. 50 Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems of a growing population. At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment. A．Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. B．One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays (托) that move on rails. C．A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. D．It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping. E．What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on? F．If successfully implemented, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. 51.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave） 53．人生如行舟。唯有张弛有度，方能行稳致远。(balance) 54．出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake) 55．外面天气真冷，要是现在能喝到一碗老妈煮的热汤，一定能立即提升我的心情。（sure） VI. Guided Writing （25分） 假设你是明启中学学生李华。你常阅读一个英文学习类网站，上面一位博主最近发文，邀请读者分享他们在课堂外学到的重要一课。写一篇短文投稿到该网站，介绍你的一次经历。内容须包括： (1) 简要描述这次经历 (如一次志愿活动、团队合作、旅行或比赛等) ； (2) 说明你从中学到的东西； (3) 谈谈这次经历对你的影响。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第2页，共13页 试卷第1页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷04） （笔试部分：115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It's Saturday morning at Sydney's Manly beach and nearly 100 people are bending over piles of litter, sorting them into coloured bags. A judge blows his whistle and calls: “Two minutes!” as a team debates 1 a discarded tennis racket (网球拍) is “heavy waste” — risking a 100-point penalty if they guess wrong. This is Australia's World Cup qualifier for Spogomi, a game invented in Japan in 2008 by Kenichi Mamitsuka under the slogan “Trash pickup is a sport!” 2 (make) rubbish collection more engaging and raise awareness about waste. The name combines the English word “sport” with gomi, 3 Japanese word for rubbish. The victor will win a trip to Tokyo to compete against about 20 countries including the US, the UK and China for the Spogomi World Cup 2025. 4 only discovering the sport a week before, I was part of a team of three, among the 30 taking part in Australia's qualifier. Teams had an hour to pick up rubbish within a designated area. The types of rubbish 5 (collect), and their weight, earn certain points. Some heavy items-such as prams or tyres — are banned and attract a penalty. Participants are allowed to walk quickly but not run, and must stay within 10 metres of their team members. Rule breaches lead to a yellow or red card-then elimination. At the end, teams have 20 minutes to sort items into bags 6 points are counted. This is only the second year that Spogomi qualifiers 7 (hold) in Australia but in Japan, where almost 50 regions take part in the qualifiers, the sport is hugely popular. The first World Cup in 2023 was broadcast on several television stations and attended by members of Japan's ministry of sport. Australia's spogomi founder, Jason Partington, 8 took Australia's winners to Tokyo, says the sport is “only going to get bigger” here. “It was crazy,” he says of the 2023 event. “It was like being in the Olympics . . . it was incredible.” To Partington, 9 is dressed up as a fun event is about raising environmental awareness. “We know 80% of litter that ends up in the ocean comes from the land, so the more we can get people aware 10 instead of walking past rubbish, you should pick it up, the better,” he said. “There will be hundreds of kilograms of stuff that we've collected today.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．discussion  B．mature  C． alert  D．solution  E. everyday  F. power G. visions  H. play  I. recharged  J. termed  K. variation In Smart Cities of the Future, Posters and Street Signs Can Talk One day, in the smart cities, signs may be able to talk to us through our phones and our car radios. FM radio waves can be used to transmit data and audio from posters, clothing, and other 11 objects. Vikram Iyer is part of an engineering team at the University of Washington that just published a study showing that it is possible for a smart phone or a car radio to 12 a message sent from a “smart” poster via FM radio signals, instead of relying on WiFi or Bluetooth to transmit it. This involves a technique 13 as “backscattering”, where audio and data are transmitted on top of existing FM broadcast signals. The result is that backscattering requires much, much less energy, meaning an outdoor poster or sign could share a message for years while using next to no 14 . To test their technology, the engineering team created a “singing poster” for a musical group named Simply Three, and put it up near a bus stop. To make the poster “sing”, it needed an antenna with some electronics. The scientists came up with a simple 15 to this problem. “We put very thin copper tape on the back of the 16 such as posters and signs,” explains Anran Wang, a doctoral engineering student and one of the study’s co-authors. That essentially enabled them to act like a mini-FM radio station. The team also did a/an 17 of the experiment using a T-shirt. Using FM radio waves, the shirt, with conductive thread woven into it, was able to act as an antenna and transmit data to a smartphone. That showed that clothing could be used with sensors to monitor a person’s vital signs and didn’t need to be constantly 18 . The scientists were primarily focused on proof of concept, and they appear to be the first research team to prove this method of tapping into existing radio signals can work. Iyer thinks the technology is still not 19 . How it might ultimately be used is open to 20 , but he believes there are plenty of possibilities beyond promoting music groups. III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A critical life skill is fading out — and especially fast among young adults. What are the key characteristics that shape the length and quality of our careers, 21 and lives more broadly? The socio-economic environment we grow up in certainly has a substantial influence. Cognitive (认知的) abilities are another 22 one: they enable better decision-making in all aspects of life. But another factor often gets less 23 despite being just as important: personality. In fact, studies consistently find that traits such as conscientiousness (the quality of being dependable and disciplined), emotional stability or agreeableness have a stronger link with 24 success, relationship durability and longevity than the links between those outcomes and someone’s intelligence or socio-economic background. Intuitively, this makes sense. Life isn’t just about knowing what you should do, or having the resources to do it, it’s about 25 . Being motivated and persistent is a huge help. It’s easy to imagine why the advantage of conscientiousness is growing over time. When contemporary daily life is full of 26 : from always-on mobile internet to irresistible foods, the ability to put long-term wellbeing ahead of short-term kicks becomes a superpower. Generative artificial intelligence could supercharge this 27 . An industrious student might use a large language model as a personal tutor to strengthen their knowledge of a concept; their less conscientious counterpart might 28 the same LLM with writing their essay, losing knowledge acquisition altogether. All this makes it frustrating that levels of conscientiousness in the population appear to be in decline, with a sustained fall especially pronounced among young adults. People in their twenties and thirties, 29 , report feeling increasingly easily distracted and careless, and less likely to make and deliver on commitments. While a full explanation of these shifts requires 30 investigation, smartphones and streaming services seem likely contributors. The sheer convenience of the online world makes real-life commitments feel chaotic and 31 , a mental burden the online world spares people. And the rise of time spent online and the attendant decline in face-to-face interactions enable behaviours such as “ghosting”. Collapsing conscientiousness is not the only visible personality shift. Neuroticism—a function of the much-discussed increase in anxiety—has 32 almost as much. While the classification of personality can feel unclear, the science is solid. Life is full of challenges. Less committed, less connected and more easily distressed people will 33 them less well. 34 , while the trends are undoubtedly troubling, we shouldn’t be fatalistic, because damaged personality can be rebuilt. Conscientiousness will separate those who just survive from those who thrive in the 21st century. We can each decide which half of that 35 we fall on—but ironically (讽刺地) that will take some dedication. 21．A．domains B．possessions C．relationships D．settings 22．A．obvious B．authoritative C．controversial D．trending 23．A．correspondence B．preference C．credit D．status 24．A．permanent B．financial C．corporate D．professional 25．A．thinking big B．following through C．starting out D．acting fast 26．A．technologies B．cuisines C．conveniences D．temptations 27．A．dynamic B．motive C．superpower D．resistance 28．A．task B．integrate C．switch D．stuff 29．A．by contrast B．as a result C．in particular D．above all 30．A．official B．thorough C．internal D．pilot 31．A．businesslike B．pointless C．autonomous D．effortful 32．A．advanced B．worsened C．risen D．persisted 33．A．navigate B．classify C．clarify D．investigate 34．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Nevertheless D．Instead 35．A．divide B．survival C．personality D．trend Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At age 11, Zlata Filipovic saw things that most people pray they never see. Growing up in the middle of a war zone, this little girl experienced firsthand the horrors of war. Filipovic turned 11 in December of 1991. Five months later Serbian soldiers attacked Filipovic’s hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia. While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. Zlata’s Diary was first published in the summer of 1993 by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It attracted enormous interest. Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. “I see that things aren’t good here,” Filipovic writes. “An ugly war is taking away my childhood.” After two years of enduring the war in Sarajevo, Filipovic’s family escaped to Paris in December of 1993. Zlata’s Diary was then printed by an international publisher. It became an instant bestseller. It has since been translated into 35 languages. Outside Bosnia, Filipovic continued to show deep concern for her torn homeland. In the following years, she gave many talks on the impact of war on children. She spoke often about the need for a stable, lasting peace in the Balkan region. Filipovic eventually attended a British University and received a degree in human sciences. Today, the well-being of the Balkan region remains on her mind. Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. 36．The underlined word “harrowing” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_______.” A．memorable B．disturbing C．embarrassing D．enriching 37．What was special about Zlata’s Diary? A．It wrote about war in different languages. B．It was as attractive as the daily news report. C．It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. D．It made the world know better about the Bosnian conflict. 38．It can be learned from the passage that ______. A．Zlata was promoting peace with her stories of war B．Zlata’s nose was seriously wounded in the conflict C．Zlata kept her diary a secret until the winter of 1993 D．Zlata felt relieved after escaping from the war in Sarajevo 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war B．Zlata Filipovic: writing against war C．Zlata Filipovic: changing the world D．Zlata Filipovic: loving peace in heart (B) Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229！ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! Don’t believe that you have to spend a lot of money to get a quality hearing aid” — Gilmore B． HCR3 Features! 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We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee--Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason. 40．One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that A．the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B．it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C．humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears D．people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids 41．How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids? A．$229. B．$249. C．$ 458. D．$498. 42．Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”? ① Built-in programs for different listening situations. ②Easy access to changing batteries ③Digital sound processing chip. ④ Simple adjustments without professional help. A．①③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ (C) Chemists at Cornell University have found a way to use light and oxygen to recycle polystyrene — a kind of plastic used in many everyday items — into benzoic acid, a chemical often kept in school laboratories and used in perfumes, food preservatives, and other common products. Styrofoam egg boxes, hard plastic disc cases, red cups, and many other products are made of polystyrene, which forms about one third of landfill waste around the world. Because this plastic is light and breaks into small pieces, it often escapes recycling systems and pollutes rivers and oceans, remaining for hundreds of years before it breaks down completely. A team led by Erin Stache, a chemistry professor at Cornell, discovered that the reaction can even take place in a sunny window. The process uses a special catalyst (催化剂) that allows light and oxygen to react with the plastic’s surface. When light shines on the catalyst, it activates oxygen, which then helps break the long plastic chains into smaller chemical parts that turn into benzoic acid. Because the reaction works under normal temperature and sunlight, it uses far less energy than heating or melting plastic in traditional systems and avoids the need for fossil fuels. In line with her lab’s goal of solving environmental problems through chemistry, Stache said the new method is simple, climate-friendly, and could handle large amounts of waste collected from daily life. The team hopes their discovery will encourage industries to find cleaner and more sustainable ways to reuse plastic materials and reduce long-term pollution. The method also works when the waste includes dirt, dyes (染料), or other kinds of plastic. Unlike many recycling systems that need careful sorting, it can deal with mixed or slightly dirty materials, which makes it more practical for everyday use and easier to apply in different regions. “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process,” Stache explained. “If we can use sunlight to drive the reaction, that’s a real advantage,” she added, noting that most current recycling systems depend on high heat from fuels. Tests with white coffee cup lids, Styrofoam, and clear lids showed that all broke down well, while black lids worked less effectively, possibly because dark dyes blocked the light. The team’s next step is to improve the speed of the reaction under natural sunlight and to test it on larger amounts of waste to see how well it performs outside the laboratory. 43．Which of the following best describes the Cornell team’s new process? A．Oxygen and heat act directly and efficiently on the plastic surface. B．Light and oxygen react through a catalyst to break down the plastic. C．The catalyst stops oxygen from reaching the plastic and changing it. D．Sunlight and the catalyst work together to melt the plastic into pieces. 44．What is the main significance of the team’s discovery? A．It proves that laboratory-made plastic products can be recycled safely. B．It introduces a faster and cheaper way to produce new types of plastic. C．It shows that sunlight can be used more effectively in upcycling waste. D．It offers a cleaner and more energy-saving way to recycle plastic waste. 45．In the sentence “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process” (paragraph 6), what does “control” most likely refer to? A．Limiting how much plastic is produced. B．Sorting different materials in a precise way. C．Directing and managing how the reaction happens. D．Measuring what color works best with their method. 46．What can be inferred from the researchers’ next goal in developing the recycling method? A．Speed and efficiency are important for commercial success. B．Partnership across research teams is essential for innovation. C．Scientific progress often depends on improving existing methods. D．Environmental projects need long-term public support to succeed. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Crop-growing skyscrapers By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. 47 The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical (垂直的) Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. 48 It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. 49 This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops. The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures and all the food could be grown organically. 50 Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems of a growing population. At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment. A．Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. B．One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays (托) that move on rails. C．A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. D．It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping. E．What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on? F．If successfully implemented, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. 51.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave） 53．人生如行舟。唯有张弛有度，方能行稳致远。(balance) 54．出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake) 55．外面天气真冷，要是现在能喝到一碗老妈煮的热汤，一定能立即提升我的心情。（sure） VI. Guided Writing （25分） 假设你是明启中学学生李华。你常阅读一个英文学习类网站，上面一位博主最近发文，邀请读者分享他们在课堂外学到的重要一课。写一篇短文投稿到该网站，介绍你的一次经历。内容须包括： (1) 简要描述这次经历 (如一次志愿活动、团队合作、旅行或比赛等) ； (2) 说明你从中学到的东西； (3) 谈谈这次经历对你的影响。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第5页（共12页） 试题 第6页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷04） 参考答案及评分标准 II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1．if/whether 2．to make 3．the/a 4．Despite/Although/Though/While 5．collected 6．before 7．have been held 8．who 9．what 10．that Section B 11．E 12．H 13．J 14．F 15．D 16．G 17．K 18．I 19．B 20．A III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．A Section B 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．C 41．C 42．B 43．B 44．D 45．C 46．A Section C 47．E 48．F 49．A 50．C IV．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 【51】Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. Genes, luck, and modern temptations like technology and advertising also influence behavior. True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. V. Translation （15%） 【52】Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 【53】Life is like rowing a boat. Only by maintaining a proper balance between tension and relaxation can one row steadily and reach far. 【54】For the sake of safety, the authorities insist that tourists should not deviate from the marked paths when sightseeing. 【55】It’s so cold outside and if I could have a bowl of hot soup cooked by my mum right now, it would sure lift my mood immediately. VI. Guided Writing （25%） 【参考答案】                               An Unforgettable Lesson Outside the Classroom     I’m Li Hua from Ming Qi Middle School. Last summer, I participated in a volunteer teaching activity in a remote village. We taught local children English and basic science knowledge, and organized fun games to spark their curiosity.     During the activity, I found that many children had a strong desire for knowledge but lacked learning resources. I realized that helping others isn’t just about giving materials, but about inspiring their passion for learning and building their confidence.     This experience made me cherish my own learning opportunities more. It also taught me the importance of empathy and responsibility. Now, I’m more willing to help those in need and understand that a small act of kindness can make a big difference. I’ll continue to take part in such activities and spread the power of care. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷04） （笔试部分：115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It's Saturday morning at Sydney's Manly beach and nearly 100 people are bending over piles of litter, sorting them into coloured bags. A judge blows his whistle and calls: “Two minutes!” as a team debates 1 a discarded tennis racket (网球拍) is “heavy waste” — risking a 100-point penalty if they guess wrong. This is Australia's World Cup qualifier for Spogomi, a game invented in Japan in 2008 by Kenichi Mamitsuka under the slogan “Trash pickup is a sport!” 2 (make) rubbish collection more engaging and raise awareness about waste. The name combines the English word “sport” with gomi, 3 Japanese word for rubbish. The victor will win a trip to Tokyo to compete against about 20 countries including the US, the UK and China for the Spogomi World Cup 2025. 4 only discovering the sport a week before, I was part of a team of three, among the 30 taking part in Australia's qualifier. Teams had an hour to pick up rubbish within a designated area. The types of rubbish 5 (collect), and their weight, earn certain points. Some heavy items-such as prams or tyres — are banned and attract a penalty. Participants are allowed to walk quickly but not run, and must stay within 10 metres of their team members. Rule breaches lead to a yellow or red card-then elimination. At the end, teams have 20 minutes to sort items into bags 6 points are counted. This is only the second year that Spogomi qualifiers 7 (hold) in Australia but in Japan, where almost 50 regions take part in the qualifiers, the sport is hugely popular. The first World Cup in 2023 was broadcast on several television stations and attended by members of Japan's ministry of sport. Australia's spogomi founder, Jason Partington, 8 took Australia's winners to Tokyo, says the sport is “only going to get bigger” here. “It was crazy,” he says of the 2023 event. “It was like being in the Olympics . . . it was incredible.” To Partington, 9 is dressed up as a fun event is about raising environmental awareness. “We know 80% of litter that ends up in the ocean comes from the land, so the more we can get people aware 10 instead of walking past rubbish, you should pick it up, the better,” he said. “There will be hundreds of kilograms of stuff that we've collected today.” 【答案】 1．if/whether 2．to make 3．the/a 4．Despite/Although/Though/While 5．collected 6．before 7．have been held 8．who 9．what 10．that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项名为Spogomi的捡垃圾运动，它源于日本，旨在让垃圾收集更具吸引力并提高人们的环保意识，文中还描述了该运动在澳大利亚的资格赛情况以及其创始人对运动意义的阐释。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：当一名裁判吹响哨子并喊道：“两分钟！”时，一支队伍正在争论一个被丢弃的网球拍是否属于“重垃圾”——如果他们猜错了，就会面临100分的处罚。debate后接宾语从句，根据“risking a 100-point penalty if they guess wrong”可知，此处是在争论是否属于，应用if或whether引导。故填if或whether。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是澳大利亚的Spogomi世界杯资格赛，该运动由Kenichi Mamitsuka于2008年在日本发明，口号是“捡垃圾是一项运动！”，目的是让垃圾收集更具吸引力并提高人们对垃圾的认识。此处用动词不定式表目的，说明发明该运动的目的。故填to make。 3．考查冠词。句意：这个名字结合了英语单词“sport”和日语中表示垃圾的单词“gomi”。此处可表示特指日语中“垃圾”这个单词，也可以表示泛指这个单词，用定冠词the或不定冠词a。故填the或a。 4．考查介词。句意：尽管我在一周前才发现这项运动，但我还是三人队的一员，参与澳大利亚资格赛的30支队伍之一。结合句意，此处表示“尽管”，only discovering the sport a week before可看作是动名词短语，句首用介词despite，构成介词短语；only discovering the sport a week before也可看作是现在分词短语，使用状语从句的省略，可以使用although或though或while；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite/Although/Though/While。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：收集的垃圾类型及其重量会获得一定的分数。rubbish与collect之间是被动关系，用过去分词collected，作定语，修饰rubbish。故填collected。 6．考查时间状语从句。句意：最后，各队有20分钟将物品分类装入袋中，之后统计分数。根据句意，是在分类之后统计分数，即在统计分数之前，用before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：这只是Spogomi资格赛在澳大利亚举办的第二年，但在日本，有近50个地区参加资格赛，这项运动非常受欢迎。“This is only the second year that...”结构中，从句用现在完成时，且qualifiers与hold之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been held。 8．考查定语从句关。句意：澳大利亚的Spogomi创始人Jason Partington带澳大利亚的获胜者去了东京，他说这项运动在这里“只会变得更火”。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Jason Partington，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9．考查主语从句。句意：对Partington来说，这场被包装成有趣活动的赛事是为了提高环保意识。此处引导主语从句，从句缺主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：“我们知道，最终进入海洋的垃圾中有80%来自陆地，所以我们越能让人们意识到，不是从垃圾旁走过，而是应该把它捡起来，就越好，”他说。aware后接宾语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．discussion  B．mature  C． alert  D．solution  E. everyday  F. power G. visions  H. play  I. recharged  J. termed  K. variation In Smart Cities of the Future, Posters and Street Signs Can Talk One day, in the smart cities, signs may be able to talk to us through our phones and our car radios. FM radio waves can be used to transmit data and audio from posters, clothing, and other 11 objects. Vikram Iyer is part of an engineering team at the University of Washington that just published a study showing that it is possible for a smart phone or a car radio to 12 a message sent from a “smart” poster via FM radio signals, instead of relying on WiFi or Bluetooth to transmit it. This involves a technique 13 as “backscattering”, where audio and data are transmitted on top of existing FM broadcast signals. The result is that backscattering requires much, much less energy, meaning an outdoor poster or sign could share a message for years while using next to no 14 . To test their technology, the engineering team created a “singing poster” for a musical group named Simply Three, and put it up near a bus stop. To make the poster “sing”, it needed an antenna with some electronics. The scientists came up with a simple 15 to this problem. “We put very thin copper tape on the back of the 16 such as posters and signs,” explains Anran Wang, a doctoral engineering student and one of the study’s co-authors. That essentially enabled them to act like a mini-FM radio station. The team also did a/an 17 of the experiment using a T-shirt. Using FM radio waves, the shirt, with conductive thread woven into it, was able to act as an antenna and transmit data to a smartphone. That showed that clothing could be used with sensors to monitor a person’s vital signs and didn’t need to be constantly 18 . The scientists were primarily focused on proof of concept, and they appear to be the first research team to prove this method of tapping into existing radio signals can work. Iyer thinks the technology is still not 19 . How it might ultimately be used is open to 20 , but he believes there are plenty of possibilities beyond promoting music groups. 【答案】 11．E 12．H 13．J 14．F 15．D 16．G 17．K 18．I 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华盛顿大学的一个工程团队的研究成果，即通过FM无线电波从海报、衣服等日常物品传输数据和音频的技术，还阐述了该技术的原理、测试情况以及对其应用前景的探讨。 11．考查形容词。句意：FM无线电波可用于从海报、服装和其他日常物品传输数据和音频。此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词“objects”，根据上文“from posters, clothing”可知，“everyday”意为“日常的”，符合语境，表明海报、服装是日常中常见的物品。故填E。 12．考查动词。句意：维克拉姆-艾耶是华盛顿大学一个工程团队的成员，该团队刚刚发表的一项研究表明，智能手机或汽车收音机可以通过调频无线电信号播放 “智能 ”海报发送的信息，而不是依靠 WiFi 或蓝牙来传输。“be able to do sth.”，此处需填动词原形，“play”“播放”之意，符合语境。故填H。 13．考查动词。句意：这涉及一种被称为“反向散射”的技术，音频和数据在现有的FM广播信号之上进行传输。根据“as “backscattering””可知，种被称为“反向散射”的技术。“termed as...”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“technique”，表示“被称作……”，符合此处对该技术名称的表述。故填J。 14．考查名词。句意：结果是反向散射所需的能量要少得多，这意味着户外海报或标识可以在几乎不使用电力的情况下分享信息数年。“no”后接名词，根据前文“much less energy,”提到能量需求少，“power”意为“电力，能量”，符合语义。故填F。 15．考查名词。句意：科学家们想出了一个解决这个问题的简单办法。根据“to this problem.”可知，科学家们想出了一个解决这个问题的简单办法。“come up with a solution to...”为固定搭配，意为“想出一个解决……的办法”，符合科学家解决问题的语境。名词作宾语。故填D。 16．考查名词。句意：“我们在海报和标识等视觉物的背面贴上非常薄的铜带，”工程博士生、该研究的合著者之一王安然解释说。根据“such as posters and signs”可知，这里指类似海报和标识这类视觉展示物，“visions”表示“视觉物”，符合语境。作宾语。故填G。 17．考查名词。句意：该团队还对这个实验进行了一种变体，使用了一件T恤。根据下文“using a T-shirt.”可知，描述用T恤做类似实验，“variation”意为“变体，变化形式”，表示对之前用海报做的实验进行了改变，用T恤来做。作宾语。故填K。 18．考查动词。句意：这表明衣服可以与传感器一起使用来监测一个人的生命体征，并且不需要经常充电。“be constantly +过去分词”构成被动语态，“recharged”意为“充电”，衣服搭配传感器不需要经常被充电，符合语境。故填I。 19．考查形容词。句意：艾耶尔认为这项技术还不成熟。“is”后接形容词作表语，根据下文“How it might ultimately be used is open to 10 ”可知，应用还在探讨，所以技术还不完善，“mature”意为“成熟的”，符合语境。作表语。故填B。 20．考查名词。句意：它最终可能如何被使用还有待讨论，但他相信除了推广音乐团体之外还有很多可能性。根据上文“Iyer thinks the technology is stil not 9 ”可知，它最终可能如何被使用还有待讨论。“be open to discussion”为固定表达，意为“有待讨论”，符合对该技术未来应用的探讨语境。作宾语。故填A。 III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A critical life skill is fading out — and especially fast among young adults. What are the key characteristics that shape the length and quality of our careers, 21 and lives more broadly? The socio-economic environment we grow up in certainly has a substantial influence. Cognitive (认知的) abilities are another 22 one: they enable better decision-making in all aspects of life. But another factor often gets less 23 despite being just as important: personality. In fact, studies consistently find that traits such as conscientiousness (the quality of being dependable and disciplined), emotional stability or agreeableness have a stronger link with 24 success, relationship durability and longevity than the links between those outcomes and someone’s intelligence or socio-economic background. Intuitively, this makes sense. Life isn’t just about knowing what you should do, or having the resources to do it, it’s about 25 . Being motivated and persistent is a huge help. It’s easy to imagine why the advantage of conscientiousness is growing over time. When contemporary daily life is full of 26 : from always-on mobile internet to irresistible foods, the ability to put long-term wellbeing ahead of short-term kicks becomes a superpower. Generative artificial intelligence could supercharge this 27 . An industrious student might use a large language model as a personal tutor to strengthen their knowledge of a concept; their less conscientious counterpart might 28 the same LLM with writing their essay, losing knowledge acquisition altogether. All this makes it frustrating that levels of conscientiousness in the population appear to be in decline, with a sustained fall especially pronounced among young adults. People in their twenties and thirties, 29 , report feeling increasingly easily distracted and careless, and less likely to make and deliver on commitments. While a full explanation of these shifts requires 30 investigation, smartphones and streaming services seem likely contributors. The sheer convenience of the online world makes real-life commitments feel chaotic and 31 , a mental burden the online world spares people. And the rise of time spent online and the attendant decline in face-to-face interactions enable behaviours such as “ghosting”. Collapsing conscientiousness is not the only visible personality shift. Neuroticism—a function of the much-discussed increase in anxiety—has 32 almost as much. While the classification of personality can feel unclear, the science is solid. Life is full of challenges. Less committed, less connected and more easily distressed people will 33 them less well. 34 , while the trends are undoubtedly troubling, we shouldn’t be fatalistic, because damaged personality can be rebuilt. Conscientiousness will separate those who just survive from those who thrive in the 21st century. We can each decide which half of that 35 we fall on—but ironically (讽刺地) that will take some dedication. 21．A．domains B．possessions C．relationships D．settings 22．A．obvious B．authoritative C．controversial D．trending 23．A．correspondence B．preference C．credit D．status 24．A．permanent B．financial C．corporate D．professional 25．A．thinking big B．following through C．starting out D．acting fast 26．A．technologies B．cuisines C．conveniences D．temptations 27．A．dynamic B．motive C．superpower D．resistance 28．A．task B．integrate C．switch D．stuff 29．A．by contrast B．as a result C．in particular D．above all 30．A．official B．thorough C．internal D．pilot 31．A．businesslike B．pointless C．autonomous D．effortful 32．A．advanced B．worsened C．risen D．persisted 33．A．navigate B．classify C．clarify D．investigate 34．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Nevertheless D．Instead 35．A．divide B．survival C．personality D．trend 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出“尽责性”这一关键人格特质正在衰退，尤其在年轻群体中尤为明显。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑造我们职业生涯的长度与质量、人际关系的广度与深度，乃至更广阔人生境遇的关键特质是什么？A. domains领域；B. possessions财产；C. relationships人际关系；D. settings环境。根据下文“relationship durability”可知，这里作者认为影响职业、人际交往和生活的因素有很多。故选C项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：认知能力是另一个显而易见的因素：它让我们在生活中各方面做出更优决策。A. obvious显而易见的；B. authoritative权威的；C. controversial有争议的；D. trending流行的。根据下文“they enable better decision-making in all aspects of life”可知，认知能力的重要性“显而易见”。故选A项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有一个同样重要却常被忽视的因素——人格。A. correspondence通信；B. preference偏好；C. credit信誉，认可；D. status地位。根据下文“just as important”可知，人格也很重要，但是没有引起足够重视。get less credit意为“未获足够认可，被忽视了”。故选C项。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究一致发现，尽责性、情绪稳定性、宜人性等特质与职业成功、关系持久度乃至寿命的关联，比智力或社会经济背景更强。A. permanent永久的；B. financial财务的；C. corporate公司的；D. professional职业的。根据上文“quality of our careers”可知，作者一直都在讨论“职业”上的成功。故选D项。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活不仅在于知道该做什么、有资源去做，更在于坚持到底。A. thinking big胸怀大志；B. following through坚持到底；C. starting out起步；D. acting fast快速行动。根据上文“knowing what you should do”和后文“Being motivated and persistent is a huge help.”可知，光是知道做什么还不够，还得坚持做下去，符合语境。故选B项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当当代日常生活充满诱惑时：从永远在线的移动互联网到不可抗拒的食物，将长期健康置于短期刺激之前的能力成为一种超能力。A. technologies技术；B. cuisines美食；C. conveniences便利；D. temptations诱惑。根据后文“irresistible foods”等可知，生活中充满了“诱惑”。故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生成式人工智能可能放大这种超能力。A. dynamic动力；B. motive动机；C. superpower超能力；D. resistance抵抗。根据上文“the ability to put long-term wellbeing ahead of short-term kicks becomes a superpower”可知，生成式人工智能放大这种超能力。故选C项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而不够尽责的学生却可能把任务甩给模型代写论文，彻底失去知识获取。A. task派任务；B. integrate整合；C. switch切换；D. stuff塞满。根据下文“the same LLM with writing their essay”可知，对比两种学生：勤学者用AI辅助学习，懒散者“塞给”AI代写作业。故选D项。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：二三十岁的人尤其表示自己更易分心、更粗心，也更难兑现承诺。A. by contrast对比之下；B. as a result因此；C. in particular尤其；D. above all首要。根据下文“report feeling increasingly easily distracted and careless”可知，这里强调年轻群体，用“尤其”。故选C项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管完整解释尚需深入研究，智能手机与流媒体服务很可能是推手。A. official官方的；B. thorough彻底的；C. internal内部的；D. pilot试点的。根据下文“smartphones and streaming services seem likely contributors”可知，作者在这里探究原因，也就是需要“深入”研究。故选B项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：线上世界的极度便利让现实承诺显得混乱又费力——线上世界却免除了这种心理负担。A. businesslike高效的；B. pointless无意义的；C. autonomous自主的；D. effortful费力的。根据上文“chaotic and”可知，空格和chaotic（混乱的）相一致，说明现实承诺“费力”。故选D项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：神经质（焦虑上升的体现）也几乎同幅度上升。A. advanced推进；B. worsened恶化；C. risen上升；D. persisted持续。根据上文“increase in anxiety”可知，焦虑增加即“上升”。故选C项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更易分心、更少承诺的人也较难应对挑战。A. navigate应对；B. classify分类；C. clarify澄清；D. investigate调查。根据上文“full of challenges”可知，面对挑战，就需要应对挑战，“navigate challenges”为固定搭配，符合语境。故选A项。 34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管趋势令人担忧，我们不应认命，因为受损的人格可以重建。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Instead代替。根据下文“because damaged personality can be rebuilt”可知，人格是可以重塑的，这里和上文构成转折关系，用“然而”。故选C项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都能决定自己属于这条分界线的哪一端——但讽刺的是，这恰恰需要付出相当的专注与坚持。A. divide分界；B. survival生存；C. personality人格；D. trend趋势。根据上文“separate those who just survive from those who thrive”可知，存在一条分界线，至于我们在分界线的哪一侧，就看自己了。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At age 11, Zlata Filipovic saw things that most people pray they never see. Growing up in the middle of a war zone, this little girl experienced firsthand the horrors of war. Filipovic turned 11 in December of 1991. Five months later Serbian soldiers attacked Filipovic’s hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia. While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. Zlata’s Diary was first published in the summer of 1993 by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It attracted enormous interest. Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. “I see that things aren’t good here,” Filipovic writes. “An ugly war is taking away my childhood.” After two years of enduring the war in Sarajevo, Filipovic’s family escaped to Paris in December of 1993. Zlata’s Diary was then printed by an international publisher. It became an instant bestseller. It has since been translated into 35 languages. Outside Bosnia, Filipovic continued to show deep concern for her torn homeland. In the following years, she gave many talks on the impact of war on children. She spoke often about the need for a stable, lasting peace in the Balkan region. Filipovic eventually attended a British University and received a degree in human sciences. Today, the well-being of the Balkan region remains on her mind. Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. 36．The underlined word “harrowing” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_______.” A．memorable B．disturbing C．embarrassing D．enriching 37．What was special about Zlata’s Diary? A．It wrote about war in different languages. B．It was as attractive as the daily news report. C．It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. D．It made the world know better about the Bosnian conflict. 38．It can be learned from the passage that ______. A．Zlata was promoting peace with her stories of war B．Zlata’s nose was seriously wounded in the conflict C．Zlata kept her diary a secret until the winter of 1993 D．Zlata felt relieved after escaping from the war in Sarajevo 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war B．Zlata Filipovic: writing against war C．Zlata Filipovic: changing the world D．Zlata Filipovic: loving peace in heart 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Zlata Filipovic的女孩在战争中的经历，她通过写日记记录下了战争的残酷，并最终逃离了战区。她的日记引起了国际关注，被翻译成35种语言，并成为了一本畅销书。她继续关注着家乡的局势，并在国外发表演讲，呼吁在巴尔干地区实现稳定持久的和平。 36．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. (尽管许多人逃离了这座城市，但Filipovic一家却留了下来。波斯尼亚冲突中一些最为惨烈的时刻就发生在她的眼皮底下。那么，菲利波维奇是如何应对这段她的……经历的呢？她通过写日记来排解。)”可知，Zlata在战争中经历了许多恐怖的事情，战争中的这些经历对她来说是痛苦的，即她通过写日记来应对这些痛苦的经历。根据上下文可以推断，“harrowing”在此处的意思应该是“令人心烦意乱的，痛苦的”，与选项B“disturbing(令人不安的)”意思最为接近。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. (她关于波斯尼亚冲突的描写并不像每日新闻报道那样老练成熟。然而，Filipovic的观察却更为感人且贴近人心。)”和第四段中“Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. (《Zlata的日记》让读者对困在巴尔干地区的普通人产生了同情。Filipovic的文字提高了全世界对萨拉热窝这场无意义冲突的认识。)”可知，Zlata的观察更加感人且亲密，她的日记让读者对困在巴尔干地区的普通人产生了同情，并提高了世界对萨拉热窝无意义冲突的认识。这说明Zlata的日记的特殊之处在于它帮助世界通过一个孩子的视角来看待战争，因此选项C“It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. (它帮助世界通过一个孩子的视角来看待战争。)”，符合题意。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. (Zlata现在想用她的经历来促进一个迅速变化的欧洲的和平，她希望她的战争故事能让人们听到她的和平信息。)”可知，Zlata正在用她的战争故事来促进和平，因此选项A“Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war (Zlata正在用她的战争故事来促进和平)”符合题意。故选A。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了Zlata Filipovic在战争中的经历，她通过写日记记录下了战争的残酷，并最终逃离了战区。她的日记引起了国际关注，并被翻译成多种语言。她继续关注着家乡的局势，并在国外发表演讲，呼吁在巴尔干地区实现稳定持久的和平。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是与Zlata通过写作反对战争相关的选项，即选项B“Zlata Filipovic: writing against war (Zlata Filipovic：以笔为枪，反对战争)”。故选B。 (B) Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229！ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! 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Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name-brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! You will love the comfortable and lightweight Open-fit design. The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. It is shipped directly to you and will help you hear better right out of the box! You can spend thousands for an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $249 for hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only S229 each when you buy a pair). We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee--Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason. 40．One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that A．the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B．it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C．humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears D．people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids 41．How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids? A．$229. B．$249. C．$ 458. D．$498. 42．Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”? ① Built-in programs for different listening situations. ②Easy access to changing batteries ③Digital sound processing chip. ④ Simple adjustments without professional help. A．①③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Advanced HearClear HCR3可充电助听器的特点与优势，如低价格、先进技术、自动降噪、配对效果更佳等，并强调其性价比高、无需频繁更换电池，是中低收入群体的理想选择。 40．细节理解题。根据Even Better In Pairs!部分中“Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able to hear up to 3 times better in noisy situations when using two hearing aids. (你的大脑被设计成使用双耳协同工作。事实上，研究表明，在嘈杂的环境中使用两个助听器，你的听力可能会提高三倍。)”可知，推荐购买一对助听器的原因是，人类大脑天生更适合双耳协同工作来提高听力效果。故选C项。 41．细节理解题。根据Even Better In Pairs!部分中“Simple. Affordable. Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid-For Only $229! (简单、实惠、可充电的数字助听器——仅售229美元！)”以及后文“only $229 each when you buy a pair (购买一对时每只仅售229美元)”。由此可知，购买一对助听器的总价为229美元×2=458美元。故选C项。 42．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses (HCR3已针对大多数中度至重度听力损失进行了预编程)”可知，针对不同听力场景的内置程序，①“Built-in programs for different listening situations (针对不同听力场景的内置程序)”符合特性描述；根据倒数第三段中“The new HearClear HCR3 Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids features advanced third generation digital technology at an unbelievably affordable Pride! (新款 HearClear HCR3 可充电式数字助听器采用了先进的第三代数字技术，而且价格极其实惠，令人难以置信！)”可知，该助听器采用了先进的第三代数字技术，因此③“Digital sound processing chip (数字声音处理芯片)”是第三代技术的核心组成部分，符合题意；根据倒数第二段中“The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. (HCR3 产品已预先针对大多数中度至重度听力损失进行了设置，因此您无需预约专业人员进行昂贵的调整操作。)”可知，HCR3 产品无需预约专业人员进行昂贵的调整操作，④“Simple adjustments without professional help (无需专业帮助即可简单调整)”符合特性描述；根据倒数第二段中“Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name-brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! (您的新 HearClear HCR3 耳机的使用成本仅为知名品牌助听器的极小一部分，而且您无需再频繁更换电池！)”可知，该设备无需频繁地更换电池；②“Easy access to changing batteries (方便更换电池的操作方式)”与原文信息不符。B选项“①③④”符合题意，故选B项。 (C) Chemists at Cornell University have found a way to use light and oxygen to recycle polystyrene — a kind of plastic used in many everyday items — into benzoic acid, a chemical often kept in school laboratories and used in perfumes, food preservatives, and other common products. Styrofoam egg boxes, hard plastic disc cases, red cups, and many other products are made of polystyrene, which forms about one third of landfill waste around the world. Because this plastic is light and breaks into small pieces, it often escapes recycling systems and pollutes rivers and oceans, remaining for hundreds of years before it breaks down completely. A team led by Erin Stache, a chemistry professor at Cornell, discovered that the reaction can even take place in a sunny window. The process uses a special catalyst (催化剂) that allows light and oxygen to react with the plastic’s surface. When light shines on the catalyst, it activates oxygen, which then helps break the long plastic chains into smaller chemical parts that turn into benzoic acid. Because the reaction works under normal temperature and sunlight, it uses far less energy than heating or melting plastic in traditional systems and avoids the need for fossil fuels. In line with her lab’s goal of solving environmental problems through chemistry, Stache said the new method is simple, climate-friendly, and could handle large amounts of waste collected from daily life. The team hopes their discovery will encourage industries to find cleaner and more sustainable ways to reuse plastic materials and reduce long-term pollution. The method also works when the waste includes dirt, dyes (染料), or other kinds of plastic. Unlike many recycling systems that need careful sorting, it can deal with mixed or slightly dirty materials, which makes it more practical for everyday use and easier to apply in different regions. “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process,” Stache explained. “If we can use sunlight to drive the reaction, that’s a real advantage,” she added, noting that most current recycling systems depend on high heat from fuels. Tests with white coffee cup lids, Styrofoam, and clear lids showed that all broke down well, while black lids worked less effectively, possibly because dark dyes blocked the light. The team’s next step is to improve the speed of the reaction under natural sunlight and to test it on larger amounts of waste to see how well it performs outside the laboratory. 43．Which of the following best describes the Cornell team’s new process? A．Oxygen and heat act directly and efficiently on the plastic surface. B．Light and oxygen react through a catalyst to break down the plastic. C．The catalyst stops oxygen from reaching the plastic and changing it. D．Sunlight and the catalyst work together to melt the plastic into pieces. 44．What is the main significance of the team’s discovery? A．It proves that laboratory-made plastic products can be recycled safely. B．It introduces a faster and cheaper way to produce new types of plastic. C．It shows that sunlight can be used more effectively in upcycling waste. D．It offers a cleaner and more energy-saving way to recycle plastic waste. 45．In the sentence “The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process” (paragraph 6), what does “control” most likely refer to? A．Limiting how much plastic is produced. B．Sorting different materials in a precise way. C．Directing and managing how the reaction happens. D．Measuring what color works best with their method. 46．What can be inferred from the researchers’ next goal in developing the recycling method? A．Speed and efficiency are important for commercial success. B．Partnership across research teams is essential for innovation. C．Scientific progress often depends on improving existing methods. D．Environmental projects need long-term public support to succeed. 【答案】43．B 44．D 45．C 46．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了康奈尔大学团队发现利用光和氧气通过催化剂分解聚苯乙烯塑料的新方法及其意义、优势与未来研究方向。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A team led by Erin Stache, a chemistry professor at Cornell, discovered that the reaction can even take place in a sunny window. The process uses a special catalyst (催化剂) that allows light and oxygen to react with the plastic’s surface. When light shines on the catalyst, it activates oxygen, which then help break the long plastic chains into smaller chemical parts that turn into benzoic acid.(康奈尔大学化学教授Erin Stache领导的一个团队发现，这种反应甚至可以在阳光明媚的窗户边进行。这个过程使用一种特殊的催化剂，使光和氧气与塑料表面发生反应。当光线照射到催化剂上时，它会激活氧气，氧气帮助将长长的塑料链分解成更小的化学部分，这些部分会变成苯甲酸。)”可知，康奈尔大学团队的新过程是光和氧气通过催化剂反应分解塑料。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段“In line with her lab’s goal of solving environmental problems through chemistry, Stache said the new method is simple, climate-friendly, and could handle large amounts of waste collected from daily life. The team hopes their discovery will encourage industries to find cleaner and more sustainable ways to reuse plastic materials and reduce long-term pollution.(Stache说，与她实验室通过化学解决环境问题的目标一致，新方法简单、对气候友好，可以处理大量从日常生活中收集的废物。该团队希望他们的发现能够鼓励工业界找到更清洁、更可持续的方式来重复利用塑料材料，减少长期污染。)”可知，该团队发现的主要意义在于提供了一种更清洁、更节能的塑料垃圾回收方法。故选D。 45．词句猜测题。根据第六段““The good thing about using light is that it gives us great control over the chemical process,” Stache explained. “If we can use sunlight to drive the reaction, that’s a real advantage,” she added, noting that most current recycling systems depend on high heat from fuels.(“使用光的好处在于，它能让我们很好地控制化学过程，”Stache解释道。“如果我们能用阳光来驱动反应，那将是一个真正的优势，”她补充说，并指出目前大多数回收系统都依赖于燃料的高温。)”可知，使用光的好处在于，它能让我们很好地控制化学过程，即“控制”指的是“引导和管理反应的发生”。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tests with white coffee cup lids, Styrofoam, and clear lids showed that all broke down well, while black lids worked less effectively, possibly because dark dye s blocked the light. The team’s next step is to improve the speed of the reaction under natural sunlight and to test it on larger amounts of waste to see how well it performs outside the laboratory.(用白色咖啡杯盖、泡沫塑料和透明盖子进行的测试表明，所有盖子都能很好地分解，而黑色盖子的效果较差，可能是因为深色染料阻挡了光线。该团队的下一步是在自然阳光下提高反应速度，并在更多的废物上进行测试，看看它在实验室外的表现如何。)”可知，研究人员开发回收方法的下一个目标是提高反应速度，由此可推断，速度和效率对于商业成功很重要。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Crop-growing skyscrapers By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. 47 The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical (垂直的) Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. 48 It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. 49 This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops. The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures and all the food could be grown organically. 50 Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems of a growing population. At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment. A．Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. B．One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays (托) that move on rails. C．A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. D．It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping. E．What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on? F．If successfully implemented, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply. 【答案】47．E 48．F 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕“种植作物的摩天大楼（垂直农场）”这一概念展开。 47．上文“Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.(按照目前的人口趋势进行最保守的估计，到那时，人口将增加约30亿。目前，在世界范围内，超过80%的适合种植作物的土地已被利用。从历史上看，由于管理不善，其中约15%被浪费掉了。)”说明了能种植作物的土地不够，空处需承接土地资源紧张、人口增长的问题，引出解决方案的话题，E选项“What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on?(我们可以做些什么来确保世界人口有足够的食物来生存？)”提出了我们要怎么确保世界上的人有足够的食物的问题，承接了上文说的土地不够的问题，因此符合语境，故选E。 48．空前“One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical (垂直的) Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions.(其中一个建议就是打造“垂直农场”。其理念是建造多层建筑，在环境可控的条件下种植粮食作物。)”提出了垂直农场这个概念，空处需进一步补充“垂直农场”的具体形式或变体，丰富对该概念的说明，F选项“If successfully implemented, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply.(如果成功实施，垂直农场为城市更新、可持续生产安全和多样化的食品供应提供了希望。)”说明了垂直农场的优点，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 49．空前“It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted.(人类花了一万年的时间才学会如何种植我们现在认为理所当然的大多数作物。)”讲述了人类种植作物的发展历程，下文“This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food - bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year.(这意味着，对大多数人来说，我们人类有遮风挡雨的地方，但我们却让我们的粮食作物承受室外恶劣环境的考验，只能祈求一年风调雨顺。)”指出了人类居住环境与农作物生长环境的差异，空处承上启下，A选项“Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities.(在同一时间段内，我们进化成了城市物种，其中60%的人口现在垂直生活在城市中。)”呼应上文，又为下文“人类有庇护所，作物却暴露在外”的对比做铺垫，符合语境，故选A。 50．空后“Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system.(没有它，那些离窗户最近的植物就会暴露在更多的阳光下，生长得更快，从而降低了系统的效率。)”说明在没有某个东西的情况下，植物会暴露在更多的阳光下，生长得更快，从而降低了系统的效率，空处需提及一种对垂直农场系统效率至关重要的事物，C选项“A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light.(然而，垂直农业的一个主要缺点是植物需要人工光照。)”说明了垂直农业需要人工光照，引起下文，符合语境，故选C。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. 51.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. Genes, luck, and modern temptations like technology and advertising also influence behavior. True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了是否应该因自己的坏习惯而自责，通过斯坦福大学的心理测试引出话题，指出自我控制并非完全取决于个人意志力，而是受财富、环境、信任、基因、运气以及现代诱惑等多重因素影响。真正的自律不在于抵制诱惑，而在于塑造减少与诱惑持续斗争的环境和习惯。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control and found self-control is key to success. ②Later research, however, questioned this. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. ③Luck also plays a role. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. ④The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. ⑤People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5要点单独成点。 3. 遣词造句 The initial Stanford experiment indicated that self-control was a significant factor in achieving success. Subsequent studies, however, revealed that factors such as wealth, environmental influences, and levels of trust have a greater impact on one's ability to resist temptation than sheer willpower. Genetic predispositions, luck, and the temptations of the modern era, including technology and advertising, also play pivotal roles in shaping our behaviors. Genuine self-discipline is more about structuring our surroundings and daily habits to minimize the continuous battle with temptations, rather than merely resisting them. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. （运用but连接两个句子，形成对比转折关系，简洁明了地概括了斯坦福测试和后续研究的不同结论。） [高分句型2] True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. （运用less...than...结构以及that引导的定语从句，强调了真正的自律更多在于塑造环境和日常习惯，而非单纯抵制冲动。） V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave） 【答案】Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 【详解】考查祈使句及反意疑问句。“leave sb +形容词/副词/介词短语”表示“使某人处于……状态” ；“孩子们”是the children；“没人看管”可表达为alone，unattended或unaccompanied；“在游泳池边”为near the swimming pool作状语，此句为祈使句的否定形式，反义疑问句部分用will you。故译为Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 53．人生如行舟。唯有张弛有度，方能行稳致远。(balance) 【答案】Life is like rowing a boat. Only by maintaining a proper balance between tension and relaxation can one row steadily and reach far. 【详解】考查倒装句和名词。动词短语row a boat表示“划船、行舟”，故“人生如行舟”可译为Life is like rowing a boat，其中like为介词，后接动名词短语作宾语；“唯有张弛有度，方能行稳致远”可用only+状语位于句首的倒装句表达，表示“只有通过维持紧张和放松之间的适当平衡，才能划得稳、行得远”，名词balance表示“平衡”，tension表示“紧张”，relaxation表示“放松”，“维持紧张和放松之间的适当平衡”可译为maintain a proper  balance between tension and relaxation；副词steadily表示“稳定地、稳步地”，故“一个人能划得稳、行得远”可译为one can row steadily and reach far；“只有通过做某事”可译为only by doing sth，故该句可译为Only by maintaining a proper balance between tension and relaxation can one row steadily and reach far.。故全句译为Life is like rowing a boat. Only by maintaining a proper balance between tension and relaxation can one row steadily and reach far. 54．出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake) 【答案】For the sake of safety, the authorities insist that tourists should not deviate from the marked paths when sightseeing. 【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“出于……起见”短语为for the sake of；“当局”可译为the authorities；“坚持要求”可用insist that，后面接宾语从句，用虚拟语气，即(should) do；“偏离”可译为deviate from；“标记的路径”可译为marked paths；“在游览观光时”可译为 when sightseeing。故翻译为For the sake of safety, the authorities insist that tourists should not deviate from the marked paths when sightseeing. 55．外面天气真冷，要是现在能喝到一碗老妈煮的热汤，一定能立即提升我的心情。（sure） 【答案】It’s so cold outside and if I could have a bowl of hot soup cooked by my mum right now, it would sure lift my mood immediately. 【详解】考查if引导的虚拟语气。分析所给中文提示词，“外面天气真冷”可译为“It’s so cold outside”，“要是现在能喝到一碗老妈煮的热汤，一定能立即提升我的心情。”根据句意可知，是对现在的一种假设，应该用if引导的虚拟语气，主句用主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形，从句用动词过去式，所以从句译为“if I could have a bowl of hot soup cooked by my mum right now”和前句是并列关系，中间用and连接，主句部分，根据题干要求“一定”需用副词“sure”，故译为“it would sure lift my mood immediately”。故译为：It’s so cold outside and if I could have a bowl of hot soup cooked by my mum right now, it would sure lift my mood immediately. VI. Guided Writing （25分） 假设你是明启中学学生李华。你常阅读一个英文学习类网站，上面一位博主最近发文，邀请读者分享他们在课堂外学到的重要一课。写一篇短文投稿到该网站，介绍你的一次经历。内容须包括： (1) 简要描述这次经历 (如一次志愿活动、团队合作、旅行或比赛等) ； (2) 说明你从中学到的东西； (3) 谈谈这次经历对你的影响。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                               An Unforgettable Lesson Outside the Classroom     I’m Li Hua from Ming Qi Middle School. Last summer, I participated in a volunteer teaching activity in a remote village. We taught local children English and basic science knowledge, and organized fun games to spark their curiosity.     During the activity, I found that many children had a strong desire for knowledge but lacked learning resources. I realized that helping others isn’t just about giving materials, but about inspiring their passion for learning and building their confidence.     This experience made me cherish my own learning opportunities more. It also taught me the importance of empathy and responsibility. Now, I’m more willing to help those in need and understand that a small act of kindness can make a big difference. I’ll continue to take part in such activities and spread the power of care. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，向一个英文学习类网站投稿，分享课堂外学到重要一课的经历，需涵盖经历描述、所学内容及经历影响三方面内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：participate in → take part in 激发：spark → inspire/ stimulate/ arouse 渴望：desire → longing 差异，影响：difference → impact 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last summer, I participated in a volunteer teaching activity in a remote village. 拓展句：Last summer, I participated in a volunteer teaching activity in a remote village, where I gained a precious life lesson. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I realized that helping others isn’t just about giving materials, but about inspiring their passion for learning and building their confidence. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和not just... but...的句式) 【高分句型2】Now, I’m more willing to help those in need and understand that a small act of kindness can make a big difference. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 试卷第26页，共26页 试卷第25页，共26页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $