内容正文:
高中英语主语从句考点解读和专练精讲(原卷版)主语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
主语从句:在复合句中充当主语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来表示“……的事情”“……的情况”“……是否”等含义,是句子的核心成分。
核心特点:
1.从句不能单独成句,必须充当主句的主语,依附于主句存在;
2.从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和主语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3.主语从句可位于主句开头(常见形式),也可位于句末,用it作形式主语(避免句子头重脚轻);
4.主语从句作主语时,主句谓语动词通常用单数形式(除非从句表示复数含义,如并列的两件事)。
核心组成:引导词 + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分
两大呈现形式:
1. 直接位于句首:主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他成分;
2. it作形式主语:It + 谓语 + 其他成分 + 主语从句(高频考点,重点掌握)。
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类):
1.连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether(是否,表选择);
2.连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3.连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法(高考重中之重)
(一)连接词的用法(that vs whether)
1. that
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的主语从句语义完整,无需补充信息。
关键注意点:
位于句首时,that不可省略(易错点);
位于it作形式主语的句末时,that可省略(常用形式);
主句谓语动词用单数。
例句:
That he will come to the party is certain.(位于句首,that不可省略,主语从句语义完整)
It is certain (that) he will come to the party.(it作形式主语,句末that可省略)
That she passed the exam makes her parents very happy.(主语从句作主语,主句谓语用单数makes)
2. whether
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的主语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择。
关键注意点:
可位于句首,也可用于it作形式主语的结构中;
不可与if互换(易错点:if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导it作形式主语、后面有or not的主语从句);
常与or not连用(whether...or not),此时or not可放在whether之后或从句末尾。
例句:
Whether he will attend the meeting is not clear.(位于句首,用whether,不可用if)
It is not clear whether he will attend the meeting (or not).(it作形式主语,可加or not)
Whether we will go hiking tomorrow depends on the weather.(主语从句表选择,用whether)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物。
例句:
What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.(what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
What matters most is your attitude.(what在从句中作主语,指代“最重要的事情”)
It is unknown what he will do next.(it作形式主语,what在从句中作宾语)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代)。
例句:
Who will be our new teacher is still a secret.(who在从句中作主语)
Whom we should ask for help is a problem.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who)
It is not decided who will take charge of the project.(it作形式主语,who在从句中作主语)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物。
例句:
Whose book was lost in the classroom is not clear.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语)
It is a mystery whose car is parked in front of our house.(it作形式主语,whose指代物,修饰car)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围)。
例句:
Which team will win the game is hard to predict.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”)
It is up to you which one you will choose.(it作形式主语,which在从句中作宾语)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强。
例句:
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(无论谁违反规则,都会被惩罚。从句里面,whoever作主语=anyone who)
Whatever he does is right in his parents’ eyes.(无论他做什么,在父母眼里都是对的。从句里面,whatever作宾语=anything that)
Whichever way you choose, I will support you.(无论你选择哪条路,我都会支持你。从句里面,whichever作定语)
(三)连接副词的用法(核心:充当从句状语)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在主语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语,需根据从句语义和成分选择。
1. when/where/why
含义:when“什么时候”(时间状语)、where“在哪里”(地点状语)、why“为什么”(原因状语)。
例句:
When we will start the trip has not been decided yet.(when在从句中作时间状语)
Where we will hold the party is still under discussion.(where在从句中作地点状语)
It is unknown why he was absent from school yesterday.(it作形式主语,why在从句中作原因状语)
2. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度)。
例句:
How we can solve this problem is a big challenge.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”)
It is amazing how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,“多么快”)
3. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语。
例句:
Whenever you come, you are welcome.(无论你什么时候来,都受欢迎,whenever作时间状语)
Wherever we go, we should keep our environment clean.(无论我们去哪里,都应该保持环境整洁,wherever作地点状语)
However hard he tries, he can’t finish the work on time.(无论他多么努力,都不能按时完成工作,however修饰hard,作方式状语)
三、必考点:引导词的辨析与选择(高考核心,规避易错点)
(一)that vs whether(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义)→ 用that;语义不完整(有“是否”选择)→ 用whether;
看位置:从句位于句首,表“是否”→ 用whether,不可用if;从句位于it作形式主语后,表“是否”→ 可用whether或if(但有or not时只能用whether);
特殊注意:that引导的主语从句,主句谓语用单数;whether引导的主语从句,主句谓语也用单数。
例句对比:
That he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(语义完整,用that)
Whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分)。
例句对比(易错警示):
That he said at the meeting is important.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
What he said at the meeting is important.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
That he spoke at the meeting is important.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用)
(三)whether vs if(主语从句中)
主语从句中,whether和if的区别(3个禁止用if的情况,易错点):
主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether,不能用if;
主语从句后接or not时,只能用whether,不能用if;
主语从句作介词的宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if(主语从句位于介词后作宾语,本质还是主语从句)。
例句对比:
Whether he will come or not is unknown.(正确:后接or not,用whether)
If he will come or not is unknown.(错误:后接or not,不能用if)
It is unknown whether/if he will come.(正确:it作形式主语,无or not,可用if)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。
例句对比:
How we will get there is a problem.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
What we will take there is a problem.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
When we will get there is a problem.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配(it作形式主语的常用结构,高考必背)
It is + 形容词(certain, clear, obvious, important, necessary, possible等)+ that从句;
It is + 名词(a fact, a pity, a secret, a surprise, an honor等)+ that从句;
It is + 动词的过去分词(said, reported, believed, known等)+ that从句;
It seems/appears/happens + that从句;
It doesn’t matter + whether/what/who等引导的主语从句。
例句:
It is important that we should protect the environment.(高频考点:形容词+that从句)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(名词+that从句)
It is reported that a new hospital will be built here.(过去分词+that从句)
It doesn’t matter whether you come early or late.(固定句式,it作形式主语)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略;位于it作形式主语后时,that可省略;
主语从句作主语时,主句谓语动词通常用单数,即使从句是并列结构(除非并列的是两件独立的事);
if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导后接or not的主语从句;
what和that的区别:what充当从句成分,that不充当成分,从句缺成分用what,不缺成分用that;
复合连接代词/副词(whoever/whatever等)表“无论……”,语气强于普通连接词,不可与no matter who/no matter what混淆(no matter...结构不能引导主语从句);
连接代词whose后必须接名词,不能单独使用(如:whose is missing 错误,应为whose book is missing)。
五、做题万能三步法
1、判断是否为主语从句:看从句是否充当主句的主语(位于主句开头,或前面有it作形式主语);
2、分析主语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether);
3、结合句意选择引导词:根据从句语义(是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”、是否有选择范围),匹配对应的引导词。
主语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、it作形式主语的用法、引导词辨析及易错点规避。
1. ______ he will come to the party is still unknown.
2. It is clear ______ he has made great progress recently.
3. ______ we need most is enough time and money.
4. It doesn’t matter ______ you choose this one or that one.
5. ______ broke the window last night is a mystery.
6. ______ we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather.
7. It is reported ______ a new bridge will be built over the river.
8. ______ team will win the game is hard to say.
9. ______ he solved the problem surprised all of us.
10. It is a pity ______ you can’t attend the meeting.
11. ______ you will go there tomorrow is up to you.
12. ______ book is mine is not clear.
13. It is important ______ we should learn English well.
14. ______ happens, we will never give up.
15. ______ he was late for school is not known.
16. ______ we can get there on time is a problem.
17. It is believed ______ he is an honest man.
18. ______ you said at the meeting is very useful.
19. ______ will take charge of the project is still undecided.
20. It doesn’t matter ______ you are rich or poor.
21. ______ way you choose, I will support you.
22. ______ she left home so early is a secret.
23. It is obvious ______ he is lying.
24. ______ we need to do is to work hard.
25. ______ he will help us is uncertain.
26. It is a surprise ______ he passed the exam.
27. ______ lives in that house is a stranger.
28. ______ we will start is not decided yet.
29. It is necessary ______ we should take more exercise.
30. ______ you feel tired, you can have a rest.
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
______1______ we set goals in life is very important. It is clear ______2______ goals can give us direction and motivation. ______3______ we want to achieve depends on our interests and abilities. Some people want to be doctors, while others want to be teachers. ______4______ we can realize our goals is not only about hard work, but also about persistence.
It is reported ______5______ many successful people have clear goals. ______6______ they achieved their goals is a good example for us. ______7______ we should learn from them is to never give up when facing difficulties. ______8______ will help us succeed is our determination and effort.
______9______ we set realistic goals is the key to success. It doesn’t matter ______10______ our goals are big or small, as long as we work hard for them.
Passage 2:
______1______ reading is important for personal development is widely recognized. It is a pity ______2______ many people don’t have the habit of reading. ______3______ we can get from reading is knowledge and wisdom. ______4______ books we choose to read affects our growth.
It is believed ______5______ reading can broaden our horizons. ______6______ we read every day can help us improve our language skills. ______7______ we can form a good reading habit is up to ourselves. ______8______ happens, we should keep reading.
______9______ reading brings us happiness is undeniable. ______10______ we can benefit from reading is more than we can imagine.
Passage 3:
______1______ we can keep healthy is a question that everyone cares about. It is important ______2______ we have a balanced diet and do more exercise. ______3______ we eat every day affects our health. We should avoid eating too much junk food.
______4______ we exercise regularly is good for our body and mind. It is reported ______5______ people who exercise every day are healthier. ______6______ we can stick to exercising is the key. ______7______ we feel tired, we can take a break, but we shouldn’t give up.
______8______ sleep is important for health is known to all. It doesn’t matter ______9______ we go to bed early or late, but we should get enough sleep. ______10______ we can keep a healthy lifestyle will determine our quality of life.
Passage 4:
______1______ time is precious is a truth that everyone should remember. It is a pity ______2______ many people waste time on unimportant things. ______3______ we spend our time reflects our values. ______4______ we can make good use of time is the key to success.
It is believed ______5______ time waits for no man. ______6______ we realize the importance of time is very important. ______7______ we do with our time today will affect our future. ______8______ happens, we should cherish every minute.
______9______ we can manage our time well is a skill that we need to learn. ______10______ we value time, we will get more in return.
Passage 5:
______1______ friendship is important in our life is beyond doubt. It is clear ______2______ good friends can help us through difficult times. ______3______ we choose as friends is very important. We should make friends with people who are kind and honest.
______4______ we maintain our friendship depends on our sincerity. It is reported ______5______ people with good friends are happier. ______6______ we can get from friendship is care and support. ______7______ happens, good friends will always be there for us.
______8______ we should cherish our friends is obvious. ______9______ we treat our friends with kindness, our friendship will last forever. It doesn’t matter ______10______ our friends are far or near, as long as we keep in touch.
三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用主语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度。
1. He will come to the party. It is certain.
2. We need more time. It is obvious.
3. She missed the bus. It is a pity.
4. He solved the problem in this way. It surprised us.
5. We should protect the environment. It is important.
6. He will help us. It is uncertain.
7. We choose this plan. It depends on our needs.
8. She left home early. The reason is unknown.
9. We read every day. It is good for our study.
10. He is an honest man. It is believed.
11. We will go hiking tomorrow. It depends on the weather.
12. She won the competition. It is a surprise.
13. We can finish the work on time. It is a problem.
14. He said something at the meeting. It is useful.
15. We should learn from mistakes. It is necessary.
16. They will arrive here at 8 o’clock. It is not decided.
17. We make good use of time. It is the key to success.
18. He has a good command of English. It is clear.
19. We help each other. It is important for friendship.
20. She will take charge of the project. It is undecided.
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高中英语主语从句考点解读和专练精讲(解析版)主语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
主语从句:在复合句中充当主语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来表示“……的事情”“……的情况”“……是否”等含义,是句子的核心成分。
核心特点:
1.从句不能单独成句,必须充当主句的主语,依附于主句存在;
2.从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和主语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3.主语从句可位于主句开头(常见形式),也可位于句末,用it作形式主语(避免句子头重脚轻);
4.主语从句作主语时,主句谓语动词通常用单数形式(除非从句表示复数含义,如并列的两件事)。
核心组成:引导词 + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分
两大呈现形式:
1. 直接位于句首:主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他成分;
2. it作形式主语:It + 谓语 + 其他成分 + 主语从句(高频考点,重点掌握)。
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类):
1.连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether(是否,表选择);
2.连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3.连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法(高考重中之重)
(一)连接词的用法(that vs whether)
1. that
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的主语从句语义完整,无需补充信息。
关键注意点:
位于句首时,that不可省略(易错点);
位于it作形式主语的句末时,that可省略(常用形式);
主句谓语动词用单数。
例句:
That he will come to the party is certain.(位于句首,that不可省略,主语从句语义完整)
It is certain (that) he will come to the party.(it作形式主语,句末that可省略)
That she passed the exam makes her parents very happy.(主语从句作主语,主句谓语用单数makes)
2. whether
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的主语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择。
关键注意点:
可位于句首,也可用于it作形式主语的结构中;
不可与if互换(易错点:if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导it作形式主语、后面有or not的主语从句);
常与or not连用(whether...or not),此时or not可放在whether之后或从句末尾。
例句:
Whether he will attend the meeting is not clear.(位于句首,用whether,不可用if)
It is not clear whether he will attend the meeting (or not).(it作形式主语,可加or not)
Whether we will go hiking tomorrow depends on the weather.(主语从句表选择,用whether)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物。
例句:
What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.(what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
What matters most is your attitude.(what在从句中作主语,指代“最重要的事情”)
It is unknown what he will do next.(it作形式主语,what在从句中作宾语)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代)。
例句:
Who will be our new teacher is still a secret.(who在从句中作主语)
Whom we should ask for help is a problem.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who)
It is not decided who will take charge of the project.(it作形式主语,who在从句中作主语)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物。
例句:
Whose book was lost in the classroom is not clear.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语)
It is a mystery whose car is parked in front of our house.(it作形式主语,whose指代物,修饰car)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围)。
例句:
Which team will win the game is hard to predict.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”)
It is up to you which one you will choose.(it作形式主语,which在从句中作宾语)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强。
例句:
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(无论谁违反规则,都会被惩罚。从句里面,whoever作主语=anyone who)
Whatever he does is right in his parents’ eyes.(无论他做什么,在父母眼里都是对的。从句里面,whatever作宾语=anything that)
Whichever way you choose, I will support you.(无论你选择哪条路,我都会支持你。从句里面,whichever作定语)
(三)连接副词的用法(核心:充当从句状语)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在主语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语,需根据从句语义和成分选择。
1. when/where/why
含义:when“什么时候”(时间状语)、where“在哪里”(地点状语)、why“为什么”(原因状语)。
例句:
When we will start the trip has not been decided yet.(when在从句中作时间状语)
Where we will hold the party is still under discussion.(where在从句中作地点状语)
It is unknown why he was absent from school yesterday.(it作形式主语,why在从句中作原因状语)
2. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度)。
例句:
How we can solve this problem is a big challenge.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”)
It is amazing how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,“多么快”)
3. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语。
例句:
Whenever you come, you are welcome.(无论你什么时候来,都受欢迎,whenever作时间状语)
Wherever we go, we should keep our environment clean.(无论我们去哪里,都应该保持环境整洁,wherever作地点状语)
However hard he tries, he can’t finish the work on time.(无论他多么努力,都不能按时完成工作,however修饰hard,作方式状语)
三、必考点:引导词的辨析与选择(高考核心,规避易错点)
(一)that vs whether(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义)→ 用that;语义不完整(有“是否”选择)→ 用whether;
看位置:从句位于句首,表“是否”→ 用whether,不可用if;从句位于it作形式主语后,表“是否”→ 可用whether或if(但有or not时只能用whether);
特殊注意:that引导的主语从句,主句谓语用单数;whether引导的主语从句,主句谓语也用单数。
例句对比:
That he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(语义完整,用that)
Whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分)。
例句对比(易错警示):
That he said at the meeting is important.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
What he said at the meeting is important.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
That he spoke at the meeting is important.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用)
(三)whether vs if(主语从句中)
主语从句中,whether和if的区别(3个禁止用if的情况,易错点):
主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether,不能用if;
主语从句后接or not时,只能用whether,不能用if;
主语从句作介词的宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if(主语从句位于介词后作宾语,本质还是主语从句)。
例句对比:
Whether he will come or not is unknown.(正确:后接or not,用whether)
If he will come or not is unknown.(错误:后接or not,不能用if)
It is unknown whether/if he will come.(正确:it作形式主语,无or not,可用if)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。
例句对比:
How we will get there is a problem.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
What we will take there is a problem.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
When we will get there is a problem.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配(it作形式主语的常用结构,高考必背)
It is + 形容词(certain, clear, obvious, important, necessary, possible等)+ that从句;
It is + 名词(a fact, a pity, a secret, a surprise, an honor等)+ that从句;
It is + 动词的过去分词(said, reported, believed, known等)+ that从句;
It seems/appears/happens + that从句;
It doesn’t matter + whether/what/who等引导的主语从句。
例句:
It is important that we should protect the environment.(高频考点:形容词+that从句)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(名词+that从句)
It is reported that a new hospital will be built here.(过去分词+that从句)
It doesn’t matter whether you come early or late.(固定句式,it作形式主语)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略;位于it作形式主语后时,that可省略;
主语从句作主语时,主句谓语动词通常用单数,即使从句是并列结构(除非并列的是两件独立的事);
if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导后接or not的主语从句;
what和that的区别:what充当从句成分,that不充当成分,从句缺成分用what,不缺成分用that;
复合连接代词/副词(whoever/whatever等)表“无论……”,语气强于普通连接词,不可与no matter who/no matter what混淆(no matter...结构不能引导主语从句);
连接代词whose后必须接名词,不能单独使用(如:whose is missing 错误,应为whose book is missing)。
五、做题万能三步法
1、判断是否为主语从句:看从句是否充当主句的主语(位于主句开头,或前面有it作形式主语);
2、分析主语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether);
3、结合句意选择引导词:根据从句语义(是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”、是否有选择范围),匹配对应的引导词。
主语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、it作形式主语的用法、引导词辨析及易错点规避。
1. ______ he will come to the party is still unknown.
2. It is clear ______ he has made great progress recently.
3. ______ we need most is enough time and money.
4. It doesn’t matter ______ you choose this one or that one.
5. ______ broke the window last night is a mystery.
6. ______ we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather.
7. It is reported ______ a new bridge will be built over the river.
8. ______ team will win the game is hard to say.
9. ______ he solved the problem surprised all of us.
10. It is a pity ______ you can’t attend the meeting.
11. ______ you will go there tomorrow is up to you.
12. ______ book is mine is not clear.
13. It is important ______ we should learn English well.
14. ______ happens, we will never give up.
15. ______ he was late for school is not known.
16. ______ we can get there on time is a problem.
17. It is believed ______ he is an honest man.
18. ______ you said at the meeting is very useful.
19. ______ will take charge of the project is still undecided.
20. It doesn’t matter ______ you are rich or poor.
21. ______ way you choose, I will support you.
22. ______ she left home so early is a secret.
23. It is obvious ______ he is lying.
24. ______ we need to do is to work hard.
25. ______ he will help us is uncertain.
26. It is a surprise ______ he passed the exam.
27. ______ lives in that house is a stranger.
28. ______ we will start is not decided yet.
29. It is necessary ______ we should take more exercise.
30. ______ you feel tired, you can have a rest.
参考答案与详细解析
1. Whether 解析:考查连接词。主语从句位于句首,表“是否”,用whether,引导主语从句,不可用if;从句语义不完整,需补充“是否”含义,故填Whether。
2. that 解析:考查连接词。it作形式主语,从句“he has made great progress recently”语义完整,无实际含义,用that,可省略,故填that。
3. What 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们最需要的东西”,用what,故填What。
4. whether 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It doesn’t matter whether...or not,表“无论……还是……都没关系”,后接or not,用whether,故填whether。
5. Who 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少主语,指代“谁”,指人,用who,位于句首首字母大写,故填Who。
6. When 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少时间状语,表“什么时候举行运动会”,用when,故填When。
7. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is reported that...“据报道”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
8. Which 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少主语,表“哪一支队伍”,有明确选择范围,用which,位于句首首字母大写,故填Which。
9. How 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“他如何解决这个问题”,用how,故填How。
10. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is a pity that...“很遗憾……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
11. Whether 解析:考查连接词。主语从句位于句首,表“是否明天去那里”,用whether,不可用if,故填Whether。
12. Whose 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少定语,表“谁的书”,whose后接名词book,表所属关系,故填Whose。
13. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is important that...“……是重要的”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
14. Whatever 解析:考查复合连接代词。表“无论发生什么”,whatever在从句中作主语,表让步,故填Whatever。
15. Why 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少原因状语,表“他为什么上学迟到”,用why,故填Why。
16. How 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何按时到达那里”,用how,故填How。
17. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is believed that...“人们相信……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
18. What 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“你在会议上说的话”,用what,故填What。
19. Who 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少主语,指代“谁将负责这个项目”,指人,用who,位于句首首字母大写,故填Who。
20. whether 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It doesn’t matter whether...or not,表“无论你富有还是贫穷都没关系”,用whether,故填whether。
21. Whichever 解析:考查复合连接代词。表“无论你选择哪条路”,whichever在从句中作定语,修饰way,表让步,故填Whichever。
22. Why 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少原因状语,表“她为什么这么早离开家”,用why,故填Why。
23. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is obvious that...“很明显……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
24. What 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们需要做的事情”,用what,故填What。
25. Whether 解析:考查连接词。主语从句中表“是否他会帮助我们”,语义不完整,用whether,故填Whether。
26. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is a surprise that...“令人惊讶的是……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
27. Who 解析:考查连接代词。主语从句中缺少主语,指代“住在那所房子里的人”,指人,用who,位于句首首字母大写,故填Who。
28. When 解析:考查连接副词。主语从句中缺少时间状语,表“我们什么时候出发”,用when,故填When。
29. that 解析:考查连接词。固定句式It is necessary that...“……是必要的”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that,故填that。
30. Whenever 解析:考查复合连接副词。表“无论你什么时候感到累”,whenever在从句中作时间状语,表让步,故填Whenever。
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
______1______ we set goals in life is very important. It is clear ______2______ goals can give us direction and motivation. ______3______ we want to achieve depends on our interests and abilities. Some people want to be doctors, while others want to be teachers. ______4______ we can realize our goals is not only about hard work, but also about persistence.
It is reported ______5______ many successful people have clear goals. ______6______ they achieved their goals is a good example for us. ______7______ we should learn from them is to never give up when facing difficulties. ______8______ will help us succeed is our determination and effort.
______9______ we set realistic goals is the key to success. It doesn’t matter ______10______ our goals are big or small, as long as we work hard for them.
Passage 2:
______1______ reading is important for personal development is widely recognized. It is a pity ______2______ many people don’t have the habit of reading. ______3______ we can get from reading is knowledge and wisdom. ______4______ books we choose to read affects our growth.
It is believed ______5______ reading can broaden our horizons. ______6______ we read every day can help us improve our language skills. ______7______ we can form a good reading habit is up to ourselves. ______8______ happens, we should keep reading.
______9______ reading brings us happiness is undeniable. ______10______ we can benefit from reading is more than we can imagine.
Passage 3:
______1______ we can keep healthy is a question that everyone cares about. It is important ______2______ we have a balanced diet and do more exercise. ______3______ we eat every day affects our health. We should avoid eating too much junk food.
______4______ we exercise regularly is good for our body and mind. It is reported ______5______ people who exercise every day are healthier. ______6______ we can stick to exercising is the key. ______7______ we feel tired, we can take a break, but we shouldn’t give up.
______8______ sleep is important for health is known to all. It doesn’t matter ______9______ we go to bed early or late, but we should get enough sleep. ______10______ we can keep a healthy lifestyle will determine our quality of life.
Passage 4:
______1______ time is precious is a truth that everyone should remember. It is a pity ______2______ many people waste time on unimportant things. ______3______ we spend our time reflects our values. ______4______ we can make good use of time is the key to success.
It is believed ______5______ time waits for no man. ______6______ we realize the importance of time is very important. ______7______ we do with our time today will affect our future. ______8______ happens, we should cherish every minute.
______9______ we can manage our time well is a skill that we need to learn. ______10______ we value time, we will get more in return.
Passage 5:
______1______ friendship is important in our life is beyond doubt. It is clear ______2______ good friends can help us through difficult times. ______3______ we choose as friends is very important. We should make friends with people who are kind and honest.
______4______ we maintain our friendship depends on our sincerity. It is reported ______5______ people with good friends are happier. ______6______ we can get from friendship is care and support. ______7______ happens, good friends will always be there for us.
______8______ we should cherish our friends is obvious. ______9______ we treat our friends with kindness, our friendship will last forever. It doesn’t matter ______10______ our friends are far or near, as long as we keep in touch.
详细解析
Passage 1:
文章大意:本文介绍了设定目标在生活中的重要性,阐述了目标的意义、实现目标的方法,多处涉及主语从句,考查连接词、连接代词、连接副词及it作形式主语的用法。
1. Whether 解析:主语从句位于句首,表“我们是否在生活中设定目标”,语义不完整,用whether,不可用if。
2. that 解析:it作形式主语,从句“goals can give us direction and motivation”语义完整,用that,可省略。
3. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们想要实现的事情”,用what。
4. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能实现目标”,语义不完整,用whether。
5. that 解析:固定句式It is reported that...“据报道”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
6. How 解析:主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“他们如何实现目标”,用how。
7. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们应该从他们身上学到的东西”,用what。
8. What 解析:主语从句中缺少主语,指代“能帮助我们成功的东西”,用what。
9. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否设定现实的目标”,语义不完整,用whether。
10. whether 解析:固定句式It doesn’t matter whether...or not,表“无论我们的目标是大是小”,用whether。
Passage 2:
文章大意:本文介绍了阅读对个人发展的重要性,阐述了阅读的好处、阅读习惯的培养,定语从句主要考查连接词、连接代词及it作形式主语的用法。
1. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“reading is important for personal development”语义完整,无实际含义,用that,不可省略。
2. that 解析:固定句式It is a pity that...“很遗憾……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
3. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们从阅读中能得到的东西”,用what。
4. Which 解析:主语从句中缺少定语,表“我们选择读哪类书”,有明确选择范围,用which。
5. that 解析:固定句式It is believed that...“人们相信……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
6. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们每天读的内容”,用what。
7. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能养成良好的阅读习惯”,语义不完整,用whether。
8. Whatever 解析:复合连接代词,表“无论发生什么”,在从句中作主语,表让步。
9. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“reading brings us happiness”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
10. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们从阅读中能获得的好处”,用what。
Passage 3:
文章大意:本文介绍了保持健康的方法,包括均衡饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠,主语从句考查连接词、连接副词、复合连接副词及it作形式主语的用法。
1. How 解析:主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何保持健康”,用how。
2. that 解析:固定句式It is important that...“……是重要的”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
3. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们每天吃的东西”,用what。
4. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“we exercise regularly”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
5. that 解析:固定句式It is reported that...“据报道”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
6. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能坚持锻炼”,语义不完整,用whether。
7. Whenever 解析:复合连接副词,表“无论我们什么时候感到累”,在从句中作时间状语,表让步。
8. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“sleep is important for health”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
9. whether 解析:固定句式It doesn’t matter whether...or not,表“无论我们早睡还是晚睡”,用whether。
10. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能保持健康的生活方式”,语义不完整,用whether。
Passage 4:
文章大意:本文阐述了时间的珍贵性,强调要珍惜时间、合理利用时间,主语从句考查连接词、连接代词及it作形式主语的用法。
1. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“time is precious”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
2. that 解析:固定句式It is a pity that...“很遗憾……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
3. How 解析:主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何度过时间”,用how。
4. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能充分利用时间”,语义不完整,用whether。
5. that 解析:固定句式It is believed that...“人们相信……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
6. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否意识到时间的重要性”,语义不完整,用whether。
7. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们今天用时间做的事情”,用what。
8. Whatever 解析:复合连接代词,表“无论发生什么”,在从句中作主语,表让步。
9. Whether 解析:主语从句表“我们是否能很好地管理时间”,语义不完整,用whether。
10. If/Whether 解析:主语从句表“如果我们珍惜时间”,此处if和whether均可(从句位于句中,无or not)。
Passage 5:
文章大意:本文介绍了友谊在生活中的重要性,阐述了如何选择朋友、维护友谊,主语从句考查连接词、连接代词及it作形式主语的用法。
1. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“friendship is important in our life”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
2. that 解析:固定句式It is clear that...“很明显……”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
3. Who 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们选择作为朋友的人”,指人,用who。
4. How 解析:主语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何维护我们的友谊”,用how。
5. that 解析:固定句式It is reported that...“据报道”,it作形式主语,从句语义完整,用that。
6. What 解析:主语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们从友谊中能得到的东西”,用what。
7. Whatever 解析:复合连接代词,表“无论发生什么”,在从句中作主语,表让步。
8. That 解析:主语从句位于句首,从句“we should cherish our friends”语义完整,用that,不可省略。
9. If/Whether 解析:主语从句表“如果我们用善意对待朋友”,此处if和whether均可(从句位于句中,无or not)。
10. whether 解析:固定句式It doesn’t matter whether...or not,表“无论我们的朋友离得远还是近”,用whether。
三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用主语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度。
1. He will come to the party. It is certain.
2. We need more time. It is obvious.
3. She missed the bus. It is a pity.
4. He solved the problem in this way. It surprised us.
5. We should protect the environment. It is important.
6. He will help us. It is uncertain.
7. We choose this plan. It depends on our needs.
8. She left home early. The reason is unknown.
9. We read every day. It is good for our study.
10. He is an honest man. It is believed.
11. We will go hiking tomorrow. It depends on the weather.
12. She won the competition. It is a surprise.
13. We can finish the work on time. It is a problem.
14. He said something at the meeting. It is useful.
15. We should learn from mistakes. It is necessary.
16. They will arrive here at 8 o’clock. It is not decided.
17. We make good use of time. It is the key to success.
18. He has a good command of English. It is clear.
19. We help each other. It is important for friendship.
20. She will take charge of the project. It is undecided.
参考答案与详细解析
1.It is certain that he will come to the party.
解析:用it作形式主语,that引导主语从句,改写后句式更高级,避免头重脚轻,适合作文开头/结尾。
2.It is obvious that we need more time.
解析:固定句式It is obvious that...,it作形式主语,主语从句语义完整,提升作文正式度。
3.It is a pity that she missed the bus.
.解析:固定句式It is a pity that...,表达遗憾,符合作文情感表达需求,句式简洁高级。
4.How he solved the problem in this way surprised us.
解析:用how引导主语从句(作方式状语),位于句首,句式多样,避免单一it作形式主语。
5..It is important that we should protect the environment.
解析:高频作文句式It is important that...,适合环保、建议类作文,加分明显。
6.Whether he will help us is uncertain.
解析:用whether引导主语从句,表“是否”,位于句首,句式灵活,体现语法运用能力。
7.Whether we choose this plan depends on our needs.
解析:用whether引导主语从句,表选择,贴合“选择类”作文话题,句式高级。
8. That we read every day is good for our study.
解析:用that引导主语从句(语义完整,无实际含义),位于句首,避免句式单一,适合作文论证观点,体现语法运用能力。
9. It is believed that he is an honest man.
解析:固定句式It is believed that...“人们相信……”,it作形式主语,贴合观点类作文,提升句式正式度,是高考作文高频句型。
10. Whether we will go hiking tomorrow depends on the weather.
解析:用whether引导主语从句,表“是否”,贴合“计划类”作文话题,从句位于句首,句式灵活,规避if不能引导句首主语从句的易错点。
11. It is a surprise that she won the competition.
解析:固定句式It is a surprise that...“令人惊讶的是……”,表达情感态度,符合作文细节描写,句式高级且易掌握。
12. Whether we can finish the work on time is a problem.
解析:用whether引导主语从句,表“是否”,从句语义不完整,贴合“困难、挑战类”作文,体现对引导词的灵活运用。
13. What he said at the meeting is useful.
解析:用what引导主语从句(作宾语,指代“他在会议上说的话”),从句缺成分用what,规避that与what的易错点,句式简洁有亮点。
14. It is necessary that we should learn from mistakes.
解析:高频作文句式It is necessary that...“……是必要的”,适合建议、成长类作文,it作形式主语,避免头重脚轻,加分明显。
15. It is not decided that they will arrive here at 8 o’clock.
解析:用it作形式主语,that引导主语从句(语义完整),贴合“计划、安排类”作文,句式规范,符合高考作文表达习惯。
16. That we make good use of time is the key to success.
解析:用that引导主语从句(语义完整),位于句首,论证“珍惜时间”的观点,适合作文论点,句式工整。
17. It is clear that he has a good command of English.
解析:固定句式It is clear that...“很明显……”,it作形式主语,用于描述人物优势,符合作文人物描写或观点陈述。
18. That we help each other is important for friendship.
解析:用that引导主语从句(语义完整),贴合“友谊类”作文话题,论证互助的重要性,句式简洁,观点明确。
19. Whether she will take charge of the project is undecided.
解析:用whether引导主语从句,表“是否”,从句语义不完整,贴合“安排、职责类”作文,规避if的使用误区。
20. That we eat a balanced diet is good for our health.
解析:用that引导主语从句(语义完整),位于句首,贴合“健康类”作文话题,论证饮食的重要性,句式规范。
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