高中英语定语从句考点解读和专练精讲

高中英语定语从句考点解读和专练精讲(解析版) 定语从句考点解读 一、基本概念 定语从句：修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于一个形容词，用来限定、描述先行词的性质、特征、数量或所属等。 核心特点： 1. 从句不能单独成句，必须依附于先行词，作句子的定语； 2. 从句由关系词（关系代词/关系副词）引导，关系词既连接主句和从句，又在从句中充当一定成分； 3. 先行词可以是名词、代词，也可以是整个主句的内容； 4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略，限定先行词）和非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略，补充说明先行词）。 核心组成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 两大类别：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句 关系词分类：关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）、关系副词（when, where, why） 二、核心考点：关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法 核心功能：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，指代先行词（人/物/所属关系）。 1. that：指代人/物，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略）； 注意：不能用于非限制性定语从句，不能直接放在介词后作宾语。 例句：The book (that) I read yesterday is very interesting.（that指代物，作宾语，可省略）；He is the boy that helped me.（that指代人，作主语） 2. which：指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略）； 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，可放在介词后作宾语。 例句：The pen which is on the desk is mine.（which指代物，作主语）；This is the factory in which my father works.（which指代物，作介词in的宾语） 3. who：指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略，口语中常用）； 仅用于指代人，不能指代物，可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who指代人，作主语）；Do you know the man (who) we met yesterday?（who指代人，作宾语，可省略） 4. whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语（作宾语可省略，可放在介词后）； 仅指代人，只能作宾语，正式场合常用，口语中可被who/that替代。 例句：The student whom the teacher praised is very excellent.（whom指代人，作宾语，可省略）；This is the boy with whom I played basketball.（whom作介词with的宾语） 5. whose：指代人/物的所属关系，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”； 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，后接名词，相当于“of which/whom”。 例句：She is the girl whose hair is long.（whose指代人，修饰hair）；This is the house whose windows are broken.（whose指代物，修饰windows，相当于the house of which the windows are broken） 6. as： 指代人/物/整个主句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语； 常用于固定搭配（as we know, as is known to all, as far as I know等），可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中可位于句首、句中、句末。 例句：As we all know, the earth is round.（as指代整个主句，作宾语）；This is such a beautiful flower as everyone likes.（as指代物，作宾语） （二）关系副词的用法 核心功能：在从句中充当状语（时间、地点、原因），指代先行词（时间、地点、原因名词），本质相当于“介词+which”。 1. when：指代时间名词（time, day, year, moment等），在从句中作时间状语，相当于“on/in/at which”； 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（when指代the day，作时间状语，相当于on which） 2. where：指代地点名词（place, city, village, room等），在从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/on/at which”； 注意：先行词是表示地点的名词，但从句中缺少主语/宾语时，用which/that，不用where。 例句：This is the room where I lived last year.（where指代the room，作地点状语，相当于in which）；This is the room which/that we visited yesterday.（which/that指代the room，作宾语） 3. why：指代原因名词（reason），在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for which”； 注意：先行词是reason时，从句中缺少主语/宾语用which/that，缺少状语用why。 例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（why指代the reason，作原因状语，相当于for which）；The reason which/that he gave is not true.（which/that指代the reason，作宾语） 三、必考点：关系词的辨析与选择（高考核心） （一）that vs which（高频辨析） 1. 只能用that的情况： 2. 先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等）； 例句：Everything that he said is true. 3. 先行词被不定代词修饰（all, any, every, no等）； 例句：All the books that are on the desk are mine. 4. 先行词被序数词（first, second, last等）或形容词最高级（the best, the most等）修饰； 例句：This is the first book that I read in English. 5. 先行词既有人又有物； 例句：We talked about the people and things that we saw in the village. 6. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰； 例句：He is the only student that passed the exam. 7. 主句以who/which开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句用that； 例句：Who is the girl that is standing there? 8. 只能用which的情况（3种）： 9. 引导非限制性定语从句； 例句：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very useful. 10. 先行词是物，且关系词放在介词后作宾语； 例句：This is the factory in which my father works. 11. 先行词是物，且从句中作主语，指代整个主句内容； 例句：He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. （二）who vs whom vs whose 作主语 → who；作宾语 → whom/who/that（whom更正式，可放介词后）； -表所属关系 → whose，后接名词，可指代人或物，相当于“of which/whom”； -例句：The man whose son is a doctor is our neighbor.（whose指代人，= the man of whom the son is a doctor） （三）as vs which（指代整个主句时） as可放句首、句中、句末，常搭配固定短语（as we know, as is reported等）； which只能放句末，不能放句首； 例句：As is known to all, China is a great country.（不可用which）；He failed the exam, which made him sad.（可用as，但不如which常用） （四）关系副词 vs 关系代词 判断口诀：从句缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom）；从句缺状语（时间/地点/原因） → 用关系副词（when/where/why）。 例句： 1 This is the placewhere I was born.（从句“I was born”不缺主语/宾语，缺地点状语 → where）； ② This is the placethat/which we visited last year.（从句“we visited”缺宾语 → that/which） 四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点 （一）高频固定搭配（带as的定语从句） 1. as we know / as is known to all 众所周知 2. as far as I know 据我所知 3. as is reported / as reports say 据报道 4. as is often the case 情况通常如此 5. such...as... 像……这样的（as引导定语从句，修饰such后的名词） 6. the same...as... 和……一样的（as引导定语从句，表同类事物）；the same...that... 和……同一个（that引导定语从句，表同一事物） （二）易错点总结（必考规避） 1. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略，但作主语时不可省略； 2. 非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，不能省略关系词，不能指代先行词的一部分； 3. 介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that/who； 4. 先行词是time, reason, place时，要根据从句成分判断用关系副词还是关系代词； 5. whose后必须接名词，不能单独使用； 6. as引导的定语从句，从句谓语动词常与先行词的数一致；which引导的定语从句，谓语动词用单数（指代整个主句）。 五、做题万能三步法 1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词/代词（或整个主句），判断先行词是人、物、时间、地点、原因还是整个主句； 2. 分析定语从句成分：看从句中缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）； 3. 选择关系词：根据先行词类型和从句成分，匹配对应的关系词（遵循“缺什么补什么”原则）。 定语从句专练精讲 专项一：单句语法填空 解题提示：每题聚焦1个核心考点，重点考查关系词的选择、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分、介词+关系词的用法及易错点辨析。 1. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday. 2. The girl ______ hair is black is my classmate. 3. I still remember the day ______ we first met. 4. He passed the exam, ______ made his parents very happy. 5. This is the factory ______ my father works. 6. Everything ______ he said is true. 7. The reason ______ he was late is not clear. 8. We talked about the people and things ______ we saw in the city. 9. She is the only student ______ passed the English exam. 10. This is such a beautiful city ______ everyone likes. 11. As we all know, the earth is round, ______ is a fact. 12. The man ______ we met yesterday is a famous writer. 13. This is the room ______ windows face south. 14. I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to others. 15. The book, ______ cover is red, is very popular among students. 16. He gave me a pen ______ I can write. 17. The student ______ father is a teacher studies very hard. 18. This is the first time ______ I have been to Beijing. 19. Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate? 20. The village ______ we visited last week is very beautiful. 21. He has a friend ______ lives in London. 22. The reason ______ he gave for being late is reasonable. 23. This is the same book ______ I read last month. 24. She bought a new phone, ______ price is very high. 25. The day ______ I will never forget is my birthday. 26. There is a mountain ______ top is covered with snow all year round. 27. He failed the exam, ______ surprised all of us. 28. The teacher ______ teaches us English is very kind. 29. This is the place ______ I spent my childhood. 30. All the books ______ are on the shelf are mine. 参考答案与详细解析 1. that/which 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the book（物），定语从句“I borrowed from the library yesterday”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，作宾语可省略。 2. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。先行词是the girl（人），定语从句中缺少定语（“女孩的头发”），whose表所属关系，意为“……的”，故填whose。 3. when 解析：考查关系副词。先行词是the day（时间名词），定语从句“we first met”中缺少时间状语，when作时间状语，相当于on which，故填when。 4. which 解析：考查关系代词which。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句“He passed the exam”，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，只能用which，故填which。 5. where 解析：考查关系副词。先行词是the factory（地点名词），定语从句“my father works”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语，相当于in which，故填where。 6. that 解析：考查关系代词that。先行词是everything（不定代词），定语从句“he said”中缺少宾语，此时只能用that，不能用which，故填that。 7. why 解析：考查关系副词。先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“he was late”中缺少原因状语，why作原因状语，相当于for which，故填why。 8. that 解析：考查关系代词that。先行词是the people and things（既有人又有物），定语从句“we saw in the city”中缺少宾语，此时只能用that，不能用which，故填that。 9. that 解析：考查关系代词that。先行词是the only student（被the only修饰），定语从句“passed the English exam”中缺少主语，此时只能用that，不能用who，故填that。 10. as 解析：考查关系代词as。固定搭配such...as...，as引导定语从句，修饰先行词a beautiful city，在从句中作宾语，故填as。 11. which 解析：考查关系代词which。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the earth is round”这一事实，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，用which，故填which。 12. that/who/whom 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the man（人），定语从句“we met yesterday”中缺少宾语，故可用that、who或whom，作宾语可省略。 13. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。先行词是the room（物），定语从句中缺少定语（“房间的窗户”），whose表所属关系，相当于the room of which，故填whose。 14. that/in which 解析：考查关系词。先行词是the way（方式），定语从句“he speaks to others”中缺少方式状语，常用that或in which引导，也可省略，故填that或in which。 15. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book（物），从句中缺少定语（“书的封面”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 16. with which 解析：考查介词+关系代词。先行词是a pen（物），定语从句“I can write”完整表达是“I can write with the pen”，缺少介词with，故用with which，介词后只能用which。 17. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。先行词是the student（人），定语从句中缺少定语（“学生的父亲”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 18. that 解析：考查关系代词that。先行词是the first time（被序数词修饰），定语从句“I have been to Beijing”中缺少宾语，此时只能用that，故填that。 19. that 解析：考查关系代词that。主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句中缺少主语，此时只能用that，不能用who，故填that。 20. that/which 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the village（物），定语从句“we visited last week”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，作宾语可省略。 21. who/that 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是a friend（人），定语从句“lives in London”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 22. that/which 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“he gave for being late”中缺少宾语（gave的宾语是the reason），故用that或which，不能用why。 23. as 解析：考查关系代词as。固定搭配the same...as...，as引导定语从句，修饰先行词the same book，表“和……一样的书”（同类事物），故填as；若表“同一本书”，用that。 24. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a new phone（物），从句中缺少定语（“手机的价格”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 25. that/which 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the day（时间名词），定语从句“I will never forget”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，不能用when（when作状语，此处缺宾语）。 26. whose 解析：考查关系代词whose。先行词是a mountain（物），定语从句中缺少定语（“山的山顶”），whose表所属关系，相当于the mountain of which，故填whose。 27. which 解析：考查关系代词which。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句“He failed the exam”，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，用which，故填which。 28. who/that 解析：考查关系代词。先行词是the teacher（人），定语从句“teaches us English”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 29. where 解析：考查关系副词。先行词是the place（地点名词），定语从句“I spent my childhood”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语，相当于in which，故填where。 30. that 解析：考查关系代词that。先行词是all the books（被all修饰），定语从句“are on the shelf”中缺少主语，此时只能用that，不能用which，故填that。 专项二：语法填空 Passage 1：The Importance of Morning Exercise Every morning, I go to the park 1.________ is near my home. There are many people in the park 2.________ are doing morning exercise. Some are running, some are dancing, and others are doing tai chi. The old man 3.________ I often talk to is a retired teacher. He told me that morning exercise is good for our health, 4.________ is a fact we all know. The park has a small lake 5.________ water is clear. Many fish swim in the lake, 6.________ makes the park more lively. There is a bench by the lake 7.________ I often sit to read books after exercise. The time 8.________ I spend in the park every morning is precious to me. It helps me relax and start the day with energy. I think the park is a place 9.________ people can enjoy nature and keep healthy. The reason 10.________ I go there every morning is that it brings me happiness and peace. Passage 2：The History of the Great Wall The Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in China 1.________ attracts millions of visitors every year. It is a great project 2.________ was built by ancient Chinese people. The parts of the Great Wall 3.________ we can see today were mainly built during the Ming Dynasty. There are many stories 4.________ are related to the Great Wall. One of the most famous stories is about Meng Jiangnu, 5.________ husband died while building the wall. Her story, 6.________ has been passed down for centuries, shows the hardship of ancient people. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese civilization, 7.________ is known to all over the world. The place 8.________ the Great Wall is the most magnificent is Badaling. Many foreign visitors come to Badaling, 9.________ they can enjoy the beauty of the Great Wall. The reason 10.________ the Great Wall is still standing today is the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese people. Passage 3：My Favorite Book My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea 1.________ was written by Ernest Hemingway. It tells a story of an old fisherman 2.________ name is Santiago. Santiago is a man 3.________ never gives up, even when he faces great difficulties. The book has many famous sentences 4.________ touch my heart. One of the sentences is “A man can be destroyed but not defeated,” 5.________ encourages me a lot. The days 6.________ I spent reading this book are unforgettable. It teaches me that perseverance is the key to success. Ernest Hemingway, 7.________ won the Nobel Prize in Literature, is a great writer. His works, 8.________ are full of courage and strength, are loved by people all over the world. The reason 9.________ I like this book is that it shows the beauty of human spirit. I recommend this book to everyone 10.________ likes reading. Passage 4：The City of Xi’an Xi’an is an ancient city 1.________ has a history of more than 3,000 years. It is the capital of 13 dynasties in Chinese history, 2.________ makes it a city with rich cultural heritage. There are many places of interest in Xi’an 3.________ attract tourists from all over the world. The Terracotta Army is a world-famous relic 4.________ was discovered in 1974. It is a group of clay soldiers 5.________ were made to protect the emperor in the afterlife. The museum 6.________ the Terracotta Army is displayed is very large. Another famous place is the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, 7.________ was built in the Tang Dynasty. It is a tower 8.________ was used to store Buddhist scriptures. The street 9.________ is near the pagoda is full of traditional snacks. The reason 10.________ I love Xi’an is that it combines ancient culture with modern development. Passage 5：The Power of Music Music is a kind of art 1.________ can touch people’s hearts. There are many kinds of music 2.________ people can enjoy. Some people like pop music, 3.________ is lively and energetic; others like classical music, 4.________ is quiet and elegant. I have a friend 5.________ is good at playing the piano. She often plays music 6.________ is composed by Beethoven. The music 7.________ she plays is very beautiful, 8.________ makes me feel relaxed. The time 9.________ we spend listening to music together is very happy. Music is a bridge 10.________ connects people from different countries. It can convey emotions without words, which is the magic of music. 详细解析 Passage 1：The Importance of Morning Exercise 文章大意：本文介绍了作者每天早上去家附近的公园锻炼的经历，描述了公园的景象、遇到的人，以及公园对作者的意义，多处涉及定语从句，考查关系代词、关系副词的基本用法。 1. that/which 解析：先行词是the park（物），定语从句“is near my home”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 2. who/that 解析：先行词是many people（人），定语从句“are doing morning exercise”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 3. who/whom/that 解析：先行词是the old man（人），定语从句“I often talk to”中缺少宾语，故用who、whom或that，可省略。 4. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“morning exercise is good for our health”这一事实，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，用which。 5. whose 解析：先行词是a small lake（物），定语从句中缺少定语（“湖的水”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 6. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Many fish swim in the lake”这一情况，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，用which。 7. where 解析：先行词是a bench（地点名词），定语从句“I often sit to read books after exercise”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语，相当于on which。 8. that/which 解析：先行词是the time（时间名词），定语从句“I spend in the park every morning”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，不能用when。 9. where 解析：先行词是a place（地点名词），定语从句“people can enjoy nature and keep healthy”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语。 10. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“I go there every morning”中缺少原因状语，why作原因状语，相当于for which。 Passage 2：The History of the Great Wall 文章大意：本文介绍了中国长城的历史、现存状况、相关故事及意义，定语从句主要考查非限制性定语从句、先行词既有人又有物的情况及关系词辨析。 1. that/which 解析：先行词是landmarks（物），定语从句“attracts millions of visitors every year”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 2. that/which 解析：先行词是a great project（物），定语从句“was built by ancient Chinese people”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 3. that/which 解析：先行词是the parts of the Great Wall（物），定语从句“we can see today”中缺少宾语，故用that或which。 4. that/which 解析：先行词是many stories（物），定语从句“are related to the Great Wall”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 5. whose 解析：先行词是Meng Jiangnu（人），定语从句中缺少定语（“孟姜女的丈夫”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 6. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是Her story（物），关系词在从句中作主语，不能用that，故填which。 7. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese civilization”这一事实，关系词在从句中作主语，用which；此处也可用as，与as is known to all搭配。 8. where 解析：先行词是the place（地点名词），定语从句“the Great Wall is the most magnificent”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语。 9. where 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是Badaling（地点名词），定语从句“they can enjoy the beauty of the Great Wall”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语，相当于in which。 10. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“the Great Wall is still standing today”中缺少原因状语，why作原因状语。 Passage 3：My Favorite Book 文章大意：本文介绍了作者最喜欢的书《老人与海》，包括作者、书中人物、经典句子及这本书对作者的影响，定语从句考查关系代词、非限制性定语从句及固定搭配。 1. that/which 解析：先行词是The Old Man and the Sea（物，书），定语从句“was written by Ernest Hemingway”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 2. whose 解析：先行词是an old fisherman（人），定语从句中缺少定语（“渔夫的名字”），whose表所属关系，故填whose。 3. who/that 解析：先行词是a man（人），定语从句“never gives up”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 4. that/which 解析：先行词是many famous sentences（物），定语从句“touch my heart”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 5. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子“A man can be destroyed but not defeated”，关系词在从句中作主语，用which。 6. that/which 解析：先行词是the days（时间名词），定语从句“I spent reading this book”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，不能用when。 7. who/that 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是Ernest Hemingway（人），定语从句“won the Nobel Prize in Literature”中缺少主语，用who，不能用that。 8. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是His works（物），定语从句“are full of courage and strength”中缺少主语，用which，不能用that。 9. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“I like this book”中缺少原因状语，why作原因状语。 10. who/that 解析：先行词是everyone（人），定语从句“likes reading”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 Passage 4：The City of Xi’an 文章大意：本文介绍了西安这座古城的历史、文化遗产及著名景点（兵马俑、大雁塔），定语从句考查关系代词、关系副词及非限制性定语从句的用法。 1. that/which 解析：先行词是an ancient city（物），定语从句“has a history of more than 3,000 years”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 2. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“it is the capital of 13 dynasties in Chinese history”这一事实，关系词在从句中作主语，用which。 3. that/which 解析：先行词是many places of interest（物），定语从句“attract tourists from all over the world”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 4. that/which 解析：先行词是a world-famous relic（物），定语从句“was discovered in 1974”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 5. that/which 解析：先行词是a group of clay soldiers（物），定语从句“were made to protect the emperor in the afterlife”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 6. where 解析：先行词是the museum（地点名词），定语从句“the Terracotta Army is displayed”中缺少地点状语，where作地点状语，相当于in which。 7. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Big Wild Goose Pagoda（物），定语从句“was built in the Tang Dynasty”中缺少主语，用which，不能用that。 8. that/which 解析：先行词是a tower（物），定语从句“was used to store Buddhist scriptures”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 9. that/which 解析：先行词是the street（物），定语从句“is near the pagoda”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 10. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），定语从句“I love Xi’an”中缺少原因状语，why作原因状语。 Passage 5：The Power of Music 文章大意：本文介绍了音乐的种类、音乐的力量，以及作者和朋友一起听音乐的经历，定语从句考查关系代词、非限制性定语从句及并列定语从句的用法。 1. that/which 解析：先行词是a kind of art（物），定语从句“can touch people’s hearts”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 2. that/which 解析：先行词是many kinds of music（物），定语从句“people can enjoy”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，可省略。 3. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是pop music（物），定语从句“is lively and energetic”中缺少主语，用which，不能用that。 4. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是classical music（物），定语从句“is quiet and elegant”中缺少主语，用which，不能用that。 5. who/that 解析：先行词是a friend（人），定语从句“is good at playing the piano”中缺少主语，故用who或that。 6. that/which 解析：先行词是music（物），定语从句“is composed by Beethoven”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 7. that/which 解析：先行词是the music（物），定语从句“she plays”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，可省略。 8. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the music she plays is very beautiful”这一事实，关系词在从句中作主语，用which。 9. that/which 解析：先行词是the time（时间名词），定语从句“we spend listening to music together”中缺少宾语，故用that或which，不能用when。 10. that/which 解析：先行词是a bridge（物），定语从句“connects people from different countries”中缺少主语，故用that或which。 三、作文句型升级专练 要求：用定语从句合并简单句 1. I have a friend. He likes helping others. 2. The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. 3. This is the school. I studied here three years ago. 4. I still remember the day. I joined the league on that day. 5. The girl is my sister. Her hair is long. 6. He is the boy. We talked about him just now. 7. The film is moving. We saw it last night. 8. This is the reason. He was late for school. 9. I live in a house. Its window faces south. 10. The man is a teacher. He teaches us English. 11. The story is funny. He told it to us. 12. I will never forget the day. We spent it together. 13. This is the village. He was born here. 14. The student is from America. He speaks English best. 15. The pen is mine. You are holding it. 16. The factory is big. My father works there. 17. The woman is a doctor. She helped me yesterday. 18. The news is true. He told me the news. 19. This is the best movie. I have ever seen it. 20. The boy is clever. His father is a doctor. 21. We visited the farm. There are many animals on it. 22. The meeting is important. It will be held tomorrow. 23. The book is written by Mo Yan. It is popular. 24. The girl is dancing. She is my classmate. 25. The tree is tall. It stands in front of our classroom. 26. The teacher is strict. We all respect him. 27. The car is new. It is running fast. 28. The boy is my brother. He is playing football. 29. The river is clean. It runs through our city. 30. The plan is good. We made it last week. 参考答案与详细解析 1. I have a friend who likes helping others. 解析：先行词 friend 指人，从句缺主语，用 who；合并后紧凑，贴合 “人物介绍”。 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 解析：先行词 book 指物，从句缺宾语，which/that 可省；写作高频 “物品描述”。 3. This is the school where I studied three years ago. 解析：先行词 school 表地点，从句缺状语，用 where (=in which)；校园话题常用。 4. I still remember the day when I joined the league. 解析：先行词 day 表时间，从句缺状语，用 when (=on which)；成长经历必备。 5. The girl whose hair is long is my sister. 解析：先行词 girl，从句缺定语（hair 所属），用 whose；外貌描写高级表达。 6. He is the boy (whom/who/that) we talked about just now. 解析：先行词 boy 指人，从句缺宾语，whom/who/that 可省；口语 / 写作通用。 7. The film (which/that) we saw last night is moving. 解析：先行词 film 指物，从句缺宾语；活动评价常用句式。 8. This is the reason why he was late for school. 解析：先行词 reason，从句缺原因状语，用 why (=for which)；请假 / 理由类必用。 9. I live in a house whose window faces south. 解析：先行词 house，从句缺定语，用 whose；事物所属描写。 10. The man who teaches us English is a teacher. 解析：先行词 man 指人，从句缺主语，用 who；职业介绍标准句。 11. The story (which/that) he told us is funny. 解析：先行词 story 指物，从句缺宾语；叙事类写作。 12. I will never forget the day (which/that) we spent together. 解析：先行词 day 在从句作 spent 宾语，用 which/that，不用 when（易错点）。 13. This is the village where he was born. 解析：先行词 village 表地点，从句缺状语，用 where；地点介绍。 14. The student who speaks English best is from America. 解析：先行词 student 指人，从句缺主语；人物特长描写。 15. The pen (which/that) you are holding is mine. 解析：先行词 pen 指物，从句缺宾语；物品归属。 16. The factory where my father works is big. 解析：先行词 factory 表地点，从句缺状语；家庭职业话题。 17. The woman who helped me yesterday is a doctor. 解析：先行词 woman 指人，从句缺主语；感恩类写作。 18. The news (which/that) he told me is true. 解析：先行词 news 指物，从句缺宾语；信息传递。 19. This is the best movie that I have ever seen. 解析：先行词被最高级 best 修饰，必用 that，不能用 which；高级评价句。 20. The boy whose father is a doctor is clever. 解析：先行词 boy，从句缺定语，用 whose；家庭背景描写。 21. We visited the farm where there are many animals. 解析：先行词 farm 表地点，从句缺状语；活动场景。 22. The meeting which/that will be held tomorrow is important. 解析：先行词 meeting 指物，从句缺主语；通知安排类。 23. The book which/that is written by Mo Yan is popular. 解析：先行词 book 指物，从句缺主语；书籍介绍。 24. The girl who is dancing is my classmate. 解析：先行词 girl 指人，从句缺主语；场景描写。 25. The tree which/that stands in front of our classroom is tall. 解析：先行词 tree 指物，从句缺主语；校园环境。 26. The teacher (who/whom/that) we all respect is strict. 解析：先行词 teacher 指人，从句缺宾语；师生关系。 27. The car which/that is running fast is new. 解析：先行词 car 指物，从句缺主语；事物描写。 28. The boy who is playing football is my brother. 解析：先行词 boy 指人，从句缺主语；运动场景。 29. The river which/that runs through our city is clean. 解析：先行词 river 指物，从句缺主语；环境话题。 30. The plan (which/that) we made last week is good. 解析：先行词 plan 指物，从句缺宾语；计划建议类。 四、写作加分技巧 1. 非限制性定语从句（逗号 + which）：补充说明，提升流畅度 例：We held a charity sale, which raised much money for poor kids. 2. 介词 + which：替代 where/when，更高级 例：This is the room in which we study. 第 1 页 共 17 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语定语从句考点解读和专练精讲(原卷版) 定语从句考点解读 一、基本概念 定语从句：修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于一个形容词，用来限定、描述先行词的性质、特征、数量或所属等。 核心特点： 1. 从句不能单独成句，必须依附于先行词，作句子的定语； 2. 从句由关系词（关系代词/关系副词）引导，关系词既连接主句和从句，又在从句中充当一定成分； 3. 先行词可以是名词、代词，也可以是整个主句的内容； 4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略，限定先行词）和非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略，补充说明先行词）。 核心组成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 两大类别：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句 关系词分类：关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）、关系副词（when, where, why） 二、核心考点：关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法 核心功能：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，指代先行词（人/物/所属关系）。 1. that：指代人/物，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略）； 注意：不能用于非限制性定语从句，不能直接放在介词后作宾语。 例句：The book (that) I read yesterday is very interesting.（that指代物，作宾语，可省略）；He is the boy that helped me.（that指代人，作主语） 2. which：指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略）； 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，可放在介词后作宾语。 例句：The pen which is on the desk is mine.（which指代物，作主语）；This is the factory in which my father works.（which指代物，作介词in的宾语） 3. who：指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语可省略，口语中常用）； 仅用于指代人，不能指代物，可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who指代人，作主语）；Do you know the man (who) we met yesterday?（who指代人，作宾语，可省略） 4. whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语（作宾语可省略，可放在介词后）； 仅指代人，只能作宾语，正式场合常用，口语中可被who/that替代。 例句：The student whom the teacher praised is very excellent.（whom指代人，作宾语，可省略）；This is the boy with whom I played basketball.（whom作介词with的宾语） 5. whose：指代人/物的所属关系，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”； 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，后接名词，相当于“of which/whom”。 例句：She is the girl whose hair is long.（whose指代人，修饰hair）；This is the house whose windows are broken.（whose指代物，修饰windows，相当于the house of which the windows are broken） 6. as： 指代人/物/整个主句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语； 常用于固定搭配（as we know, as is known to all, as far as I know等），可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中可位于句首、句中、句末。 例句：As we all know, the earth is round.（as指代整个主句，作宾语）；This is such a beautiful flower as everyone likes.（as指代物，作宾语） （二）关系副词的用法 核心功能：在从句中充当状语（时间、地点、原因），指代先行词（时间、地点、原因名词），本质相当于“介词+which”。 1. when：指代时间名词（time, day, year, moment等），在从句中作时间状语，相当于“on/in/at which”； 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（when指代the day，作时间状语，相当于on which） 2. where：指代地点名词（place, city, village, room等），在从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/on/at which”； 注意：先行词是表示地点的名词，但从句中缺少主语/宾语时，用which/that，不用where。 例句：This is the room where I lived last year.（where指代the room，作地点状语，相当于in which）；This is the room which/that we visited yesterday.（which/that指代the room，作宾语） 3. why：指代原因名词（reason），在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for which”； 注意：先行词是reason时，从句中缺少主语/宾语用which/that，缺少状语用why。 例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（why指代the reason，作原因状语，相当于for which）；The reason which/that he gave is not true.（which/that指代the reason，作宾语） 三、必考点：关系词的辨析与选择（高考核心） （一）that vs which（高频辨析） 1. 只能用that的情况： 2. 先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等）； 例句：Everything that he said is true. 3. 先行词被不定代词修饰（all, any, every, no等）； 例句：All the books that are on the desk are mine. 4. 先行词被序数词（first, second, last等）或形容词最高级（the best, the most等）修饰； 例句：This is the first book that I read in English. 5. 先行词既有人又有物； 例句：We talked about the people and things that we saw in the village. 6. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰； 例句：He is the only student that passed the exam. 7. 主句以who/which开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句用that； 例句：Who is the girl that is standing there? 8. 只能用which的情况（3种）： 9. 引导非限制性定语从句； 例句：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very useful. 10. 先行词是物，且关系词放在介词后作宾语； 例句：This is the factory in which my father works. 11. 先行词是物，且从句中作主语，指代整个主句内容； 例句：He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. （二）who vs whom vs whose 作主语 → who；作宾语 → whom/who/that（whom更正式，可放介词后）； -表所属关系 → whose，后接名词，可指代人或物，相当于“of which/whom”； -例句：The man whose son is a doctor is our neighbor.（whose指代人，= the man of whom the son is a doctor） （三）as vs which（指代整个主句时） as可放句首、句中、句末，常搭配固定短语（as we know, as is reported等）； which只能放句末，不能放句首； 例句：As is known to all, China is a great country.（不可用which）；He failed the exam, which made him sad.（可用as，但不如which常用） （四）关系副词 vs 关系代词 判断口诀：从句缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom）；从句缺状语（时间/地点/原因） → 用关系副词（when/where/why）。 例句： 1 This is the placewhere I was born.（从句“I was born”不缺主语/宾语，缺地点状语 → where）； ② This is the placethat/which we visited last year.（从句“we visited”缺宾语 → that/which） 四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点 （一）高频固定搭配（带as的定语从句） 1. as we know / as is known to all 众所周知 2. as far as I know 据我所知 3. as is reported / as reports say 据报道 4. as is often the case 情况通常如此 5. such...as... 像……这样的（as引导定语从句，修饰such后的名词） 6. the same...as... 和……一样的（as引导定语从句，表同类事物）；the same...that... 和……同一个（that引导定语从句，表同一事物） （二）易错点总结（必考规避） 1. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略，但作主语时不可省略； 2. 非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，不能省略关系词，不能指代先行词的一部分； 3. 介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that/who； 4. 先行词是time, reason, place时，要根据从句成分判断用关系副词还是关系代词； 5. whose后必须接名词，不能单独使用； 6. as引导的定语从句，从句谓语动词常与先行词的数一致；which引导的定语从句，谓语动词用单数（指代整个主句）。 五、做题万能三步法 1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词/代词（或整个主句），判断先行词是人、物、时间、地点、原因还是整个主句； 2. 分析定语从句成分：看从句中缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）； 3. 选择关系词：根据先行词类型和从句成分，匹配对应的关系词（遵循“缺什么补什么”原则）。 定语从句专练精讲 专项一：单句语法填空 解题提示：每题聚焦1个核心考点，重点考查关系词的选择、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分、介词+关系词的用法及易错点辨析。 1. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday. 2. The girl ______ hair is black is my classmate. 3. I still remember the day ______ we first met. 4. He passed the exam, ______ made his parents very happy. 5. This is the factory ______ my father works. 6. Everything ______ he said is true. 7. The reason ______ he was late is not clear. 8. We talked about the people and things ______ we saw in the city. 9. She is the only student ______ passed the English exam. 10. This is such a beautiful city ______ everyone likes. 11. As we all know, the earth is round, ______ is a fact. 12. The man ______ we met yesterday is a famous writer. 13. This is the room ______ windows face south. 14. I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to others. 15. The book, ______ cover is red, is very popular among students. 16. He gave me a pen ______ I can write. 17. The student ______ father is a teacher studies very hard. 18. This is the first time ______ I have been to Beijing. 19. Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate? 20. The village ______ we visited last week is very beautiful. 21. He has a friend ______ lives in London. 22. The reason ______ he gave for being late is reasonable. 23. This is the same book ______ I read last month. 24. She bought a new phone, ______ price is very high. 25. The day ______ I will never forget is my birthday. 26. There is a mountain ______ top is covered with snow all year round. 27. He failed the exam, ______ surprised all of us. 28. The teacher ______ teaches us English is very kind. 29. This is the place ______ I spent my childhood. 30. All the books ______ are on the shelf are mine. 专项二：语法填空 Passage 1：The Importance of Morning Exercise Every morning, I go to the park 1.________ is near my home. There are many people in the park 2.________ are doing morning exercise. Some are running, some are dancing, and others are doing tai chi. The old man 3.________ I often talk to is a retired teacher. He told me that morning exercise is good for our health, 4.________ is a fact we all know. The park has a small lake 5.________ water is clear. Many fish swim in the lake, 6.________ makes the park more lively. There is a bench by the lake 7.________ I often sit to read books after exercise. The time 8.________ I spend in the park every morning is precious to me. It helps me relax and start the day with energy. I think the park is a place 9.________ people can enjoy nature and keep healthy. The reason 10.________ I go there every morning is that it brings me happiness and peace. Passage 2：The History of the Great Wall The Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in China 1.________ attracts millions of visitors every year. It is a great project 2.________ was built by ancient Chinese people. The parts of the Great Wall 3.________ we can see today were mainly built during the Ming Dynasty. There are many stories 4.________ are related to the Great Wall. One of the most famous stories is about Meng Jiangnu, 5.________ husband died while building the wall. Her story, 6.________ has been passed down for centuries, shows the hardship of ancient people. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese civilization, 7.________ is known to all over the world. The place 8.________ the Great Wall is the most magnificent is Badaling. Many foreign visitors come to Badaling, 9.________ they can enjoy the beauty of the Great Wall. The reason 10.________ the Great Wall is still standing today is the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese people. Passage 3：My Favorite Book My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea 1.________ was written by Ernest Hemingway. It tells a story of an old fisherman 2.________ name is Santiago. Santiago is a man 3.________ never gives up, even when he faces great difficulties. The book has many famous sentences 4.________ touch my heart. One of the sentences is “A man can be destroyed but not defeated,” 5.________ encourages me a lot. The days 6.________ I spent reading this book are unforgettable. It teaches me that perseverance is the key to success. Ernest Hemingway, 7.________ won the Nobel Prize in Literature, is a great writer. His works, 8.________ are full of courage and strength, are loved by people all over the world. The reason 9.________ I like this book is that it shows the beauty of human spirit. I recommend this book to everyone 10.________ likes reading. Passage 4：The City of Xi’an Xi’an is an ancient city 1.________ has a history of more than 3,000 years. It is the capital of 13 dynasties in Chinese history, 2.________ makes it a city with rich cultural heritage. There are many places of interest in Xi’an 3.________ attract tourists from all over the world. The Terracotta Army is a world-famous relic 4.________ was discovered in 1974. It is a group of clay soldiers 5.________ were made to protect the emperor in the afterlife. The museum 6.________ the Terracotta Army is displayed is very large. Another famous place is the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, 7.________ was built in the Tang Dynasty. It is a tower 8.________ was used to store Buddhist scriptures. The street 9.________ is near the pagoda is full of traditional snacks. The reason 10.________ I love Xi’an is that it combines ancient culture with modern development. Passage 5：The Power of Music Music is a kind of art 1.________ can touch people’s hearts. There are many kinds of music 2.________ people can enjoy. Some people like pop music, 3.________ is lively and energetic; others like classical music, 4.________ is quiet and elegant. I have a friend 5.________ is good at playing the piano. She often plays music 6.________ is composed by Beethoven. The music 7.________ she plays is very beautiful, 8.________ makes me feel relaxed. The time 9.________ we spend listening to music together is very happy. Music is a bridge 10.________ connects people from different countries. It can convey emotions without words, which is the magic of music. 三、作文句型升级专练 要求：用定语从句合并简单句 1. I have a friend. He likes helping others. 2. The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. 3. This is the school. I studied here three years ago. 4. I still remember the day. I joined the league on that day. 5. The girl is my sister. Her hair is long. 6. He is the boy. We talked about him just now. 7. The film is moving. We saw it last night. 8. This is the reason. He was late for school. 9. I live in a house. Its window faces south. 10. The man is a teacher. He teaches us English. 11. The story is funny. He told it to us. 12. I will never forget the day. We spent it together. 13. This is the village. He was born here. 14. The student is from America. He speaks English best. 15. The pen is mine. You are holding it. 16. The factory is big. My father works there. 17. The woman is a doctor. She helped me yesterday. 18. The news is true. He told me the news. 19. This is the best movie. I have ever seen it. 20. The boy is clever. His father is a doctor. 21. We visited the farm. There are many animals on it. 22. The meeting is important. It will be held tomorrow. 23. The book is written by Mo Yan. It is popular. 24. The girl is dancing. She is my classmate. 25. The tree is tall. It stands in front of our classroom. 26. The teacher is strict. We all respect him. 27. The car is new. It is running fast. 28. The boy is my brother. He is playing football. 29. The river is clean. It runs through our city. 30. The plan is good. We made it last week. 第 1 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $