内容正文:
高中英语宾语从句考点解读和专练精讲(原卷版)
宾语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来表示“……的事情”“……的情况”“……是否”等含义,依附于主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词之后,是句子的重要成分。
核心特点:
1. 从句不能单独成句,必须充当主句中谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语,依附于主句存在;
2. 从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和宾语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3. 宾语从句通常位于主句谓语动词之后(及物动词后)、介词之后,或某些形容词(如sure, glad, afraid等)之后;
4. 宾语从句的时态需与主句时态呼应(核心易错点),语序必须用陈述语序(重中之重,高考必考)。
核心组成:主句(谓语动词/介词/形容词) + 引导词 + 宾语从句(陈述语序)
三大呈现形式:
1. 及物动词后作宾语:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句;(最常见形式)
2. 介词后作宾语:主语 + 介词 + 宾语从句;
3. 形容词后作宾语:主语 + be动词 + 形容词 + 宾语从句;(高频形式,如sure, certain, glad等)
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类,与主语从句引导词一致,但用法有差异):
1. 连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether/if(是否,表选择);
2. 连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3. 连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法
(一)连接词的用法(that / whether / if)
1. that
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的宾语从句语义完整,无需补充信息。
关键注意点:
- 位于及物动词后时,that可省略(最常用形式);
- 位于介词后、形容词后时,that不可省略;
- 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等表“认为、猜想”的词时,从句的否定需转移到主句(否定转移,高频易错点)。
例句:
I believe (that) he will come to the party.(及物动词后,that可省略)
I am sure that he will come to the party.(形容词后,that不可省略)
I don’t think (that) he will come to the party.(否定转移,译:我认为他不会来派对)
2. whether / if
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的宾语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择。
关键注意点:
- 多数情况下可互换(及物动词后,无or not时);
- 不可互换的3种情况(易错点):① 位于介词后,只能用whether,不能用if;② 后接or not时,只能用whether(whether...or not);③ 位于不定式(to do)前,只能用whether。
例句:
I don’t know whether/if he will attend the meeting.(及物动词后,无or not,可互换)
I am worried about whether he will attend the meeting.(介词后,只能用whether)
I don’t know whether he will attend the meeting or not.(后接or not,只能用whether)
He hasn’t decided whether to go hiking tomorrow.(不定式前,只能用whether)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择(用法与主语从句基本一致,重点注意语序和时态呼应)。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物。
例句:
I didn’t hear what he said at the meeting.(what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
She told me what matters most is our attitude.(what在从句中作主语,指代“最重要的事情”)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代)。
例句:
I don’t know who will be our new teacher.(who在从句中作主语)
He asked me whom we should ask for help.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物。
例句:
She asked me whose book was lost in the classroom.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语)
I don’t know whose car is parked in front of our house.(whose指代物,修饰car,作定语)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围)。
例句:
He asked me which team will win the game.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”)
I can’t decide which one I will choose.(which在从句中作宾语)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强,可引导宾语从句(区别于主语从句:此处无“不能用no matter...结构”的限制,但no matter...结构更常用于状语从句)。
例句:
I will support whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(无论谁违反规则,我都会支持惩罚他。whoever在从句中作主语)
She will accept whatever he does.(无论他做什么,她都会接受。whatever在从句中作宾语)
You can choose whichever way you like.(无论你喜欢哪条路,都可以选择。whichever在从句中作定语)
(三)连接副词的用法(核心:充当从句状语)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在宾语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语,需根据从句语义和成分选择(用法与主语从句基本一致,重点注意语序和时态呼应)。
1. when/where/why
含义:when“什么时候”(时间状语)、where“在哪里”(地点状语)、why“为什么”(原因状语)。
例句:
I don’t know when we will start the trip.(when在从句中作时间状语)
He told me where we will hold the party.(where在从句中作地点状语)
I want to know why he was absent from school yesterday.(why在从句中作原因状语)
2. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度)。
例句:
She taught me how we can solve this problem.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”)
I was surprised at how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,“多么快”)
3. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语。
例句:
Please call me whenever you come.(无论你什么时候来,都请给我打电话,whenever作时间状语)
He said he would follow me wherever we go.(无论我们去哪里,他都会跟着我,wherever作地点状语)
I will help him however hard he tries.(无论他多么努力,我都会帮助他,however修饰hard,作方式状语)
3、 必考点:引导词的辨析与选择
(一)that vs whether/if(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义)→ 用that;
语义不完整(有“是否”选择)→ 用whether/if;
看位置/搭配:介词后、or not后、不定式前 → 用whether,不用if;及物动词后无特殊搭配 → 可互换;
特殊注意:that引导的宾语从句,否定可转移(仅限think, believe等词后);whether/if引导的宾语从句,否定不转移。
例句对比:
I believe that he succeeded.(语义完整,用that;否定转移:I don’t believe that he succeeded.)
I don’t know whether/if he succeeded.(语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether/if;否定不转移)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分)。
例句对比(易错警示):
I didn’t hear that he said at the meeting.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
I didn’t hear what he said at the meeting.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
I heard that he spoke at the meeting.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用)
(三)whether vs if(宾语从句中,3个禁止用if的情况)
1. 宾语从句位于介词后时,只能用whether,不能用if;
2. 宾语从句后接or not时,只能用whether,不能用if;
3. 宾语从句位于不定式(to do)前时,只能用whether,不能用if。
例句对比:
I am thinking about whether he will come or not.(正确:介词后+or not,用whether)
I am thinking about if he will come or not.(错误:介词后+or not,不能用if)
He doesn’t know whether to go or stay.(正确:不定式前,用whether)
He doesn’t know if to go or stay.(错误:不定式前,不能用if)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。(与主语从句完全一致)
例句对比:
I don’t know how we will get there.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
I don’t know what we will take there.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
I don’t know when we will get there.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配
1. 及物动词+宾语从句(高频动词):think, believe, suppose, expect, know, say, tell, ask, wonder, find out, realize等;
2. 介词+宾语从句(高频介词):about, of, for, on, in等(注意:介词后只能用whether,不能用if);
3. 形容词+宾语从句(高频形容词):sure, certain, glad, happy, afraid, sorry, surprised等(that不可省略);
4. 固定句式:I don’t think/believe/suppose that...(否定转移);I wonder if/whether...(我想知道是否……)。
例句:
I think that we should protect the environment.(及物动词+宾语从句)
She is afraid that she will miss the concert.(形容词+宾语从句)
We are talking about whether we will go hiking tomorrow.(介词+宾语从句)
I don’t suppose that he will come early.(否定转移,译:我认为他不会来早)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
1. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序(易错点Top1):即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”,不能用疑问语序;
2. 时态呼应(易错点Top2):
主句用一般现在时,从句可根据句意用任意时态;
主句用一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等);从句表客观真理、永恒事实时,无论主句时态如何,从句都用一般现在时;
3. if和whether的区别:介词后、or not后、不定式前,只能用whether;
4. 否定转移:仅适用于think, believe, suppose, expect等表“认为、猜想”的动词,从句否定转移到主句;
5. 连接代词whose后必须接名词,不能单独使用(如:I don’t know whose is missing 错误,应为I don’t know whose book is missing);
6. that的省略:及物动词后可省略,介词后、形容词后不可省略。
易错句修正:
错误:I don’t know what is he doing.(疑问语序) →
正确:I don’t know what he is doing.(陈述语序)
错误:He said that the earth is round.(正确,客观真理,从句用一般现在时)
错误:I am sorry for if I hurt you.(介词后用if) → 正确:I am sorry for whether I hurt you.
五、做题万能三步法
1. 判断是否为宾语从句:看从句是否充当主句的谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语(位于及物动词后、介词后、be+形容词后);
2. 分析宾语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether/if);
3. 检查语序和时态:确保从句用陈述语序,时态与主句呼应(客观真理除外),结合句意选择引导词。
宾语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、宾语从句的语序、时态呼应及易错点规避。
1. I don’t know ______ he will come to the party or not.
2. She told me ______ she has made great progress recently.
3. Could you tell me ______ we need most at the moment?
4. I am worried about ______ you choose this one or that one.
5. He asked me ______ broke the window last night.
6. Please tell me ______ we will hold the sports meeting.
7. I heard ______ a new bridge will be built over the river.
8. She didn’t know ______ team will win the game.
9. Could you show me ______ he solved the problem?
10. I am sorry ______ you can’t attend the meeting.
11. He wondered ______ you will go there tomorrow.
12. I don’t know ______ book is mine.
13. She is sure ______ we should learn English well.
14. I will support ______ happens, we will never give up.
15. He asked me ______ he was late for school.
16. Could you tell me ______ we can get there on time?
17. People believe ______ he is an honest man.
18. I didn’t hear ______ you said at the meeting.
19. He wondered ______ will take charge of the project.
20. I don’t care ______ you are rich or poor.
21. You can choose ______ way you like.
22. She asked me ______ she left home so early.
23. I am certain ______ he is lying.
24. Please tell me ______ we need to do next.
25. I don’t know ______ he will help us.
26. I was surprised ______ he passed the exam.
27. He asked me ______ lives in that house.
28. Could you tell me ______ we will start?
29. She is sure ______ we should take more exercise.
30. Please call me ______ you feel tired.
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
Everyone has dreams, but many people don’t know how to make their dreams come true. I asked my teacher ______1______ we can realize our dreams. He told me ______2______ dreams can give us direction and motivation. He also said ______3______ we want to achieve depends on our interests and abilities.
I wondered ______4______ we should start working hard. My teacher advised me ______5______ we should make a detailed plan first. He said ______6______ it is important to stick to the plan. I asked him ______7______ we can give up when we face difficulties. He told me ______8______ we should never give up, because ______9______ we persist, we will succeed.
Now I know ______10______ making dreams come true is not easy, but it is worth trying.
Passage 2:
Reading is a good habit, but many students don’t know ______1______ reading is important for them. Our teacher told us ______2______ reading can broaden our horizons and improve our language skills. She asked us ______3______ we have the habit of reading every day.
Some students said ______4______ they are too busy with homework to read. The teacher told them ______5______ they can spend 15-20 minutes reading every day. She also asked us ______6______ books we like to read. I told her ______7______ I like reading storybooks, because ______8______ I read storybooks, I can learn a lot of life lessons.
The teacher said ______9______ it doesn’t matter what we read, as long as we keep reading. Now we all understand ______10______ reading can bring us happiness and knowledge.
三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用宾语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度,注意语序和时态呼应。
1. He will come to the party. I believe it.
2. We need more time. It is obvious.
3. She missed the bus. I am sorry about it.
4. He solved the problem in this way. She told me it.
5. We should protect the environment. We all think it.
6. He will help us. I don’t know it.
7. We choose this plan. It depends on our needs.
8. She left home early. No one knows the reason.
9. We read every day. It is good for our study. He told us it.
10. He is an honest man. People believe it.
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高中英语宾语从句考点解读和专练精讲(解析版)
宾语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来表示“……的事情”“……的情况”“……是否”等含义,依附于主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词之后,是句子的重要成分。
核心特点:
1. 从句不能单独成句,必须充当主句中谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语,依附于主句存在;
2. 从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和宾语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3. 宾语从句通常位于主句谓语动词之后(及物动词后)、介词之后,或某些形容词(如sure, glad, afraid等)之后;
4. 宾语从句的时态需与主句时态呼应(核心易错点),语序必须用陈述语序(重中之重,高考必考)。
核心组成:主句(谓语动词/介词/形容词) + 引导词 + 宾语从句(陈述语序)
三大呈现形式:
1. 及物动词后作宾语:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句;(最常见形式)
2. 介词后作宾语:主语 + 介词 + 宾语从句;
3. 形容词后作宾语:主语 + be动词 + 形容词 + 宾语从句;(高频形式,如sure, certain, glad等)
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类,与主语从句引导词一致,但用法有差异):
1. 连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether/if(是否,表选择);
2. 连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3. 连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法
(一)连接词的用法(that / whether / if)
1. that
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的宾语从句语义完整,无需补充信息。
关键注意点:
- 位于及物动词后时,that可省略(最常用形式);
- 位于介词后、形容词后时,that不可省略;
- 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等表“认为、猜想”的词时,从句的否定需转移到主句(否定转移,高频易错点)。
例句:
I believe (that) he will come to the party.(及物动词后,that可省略)
I am sure that he will come to the party.(形容词后,that不可省略)
I don’t think (that) he will come to the party.(否定转移,译:我认为他不会来派对)
2. whether / if
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的宾语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择。
关键注意点:
- 多数情况下可互换(及物动词后,无or not时);
- 不可互换的3种情况(易错点):① 位于介词后,只能用whether,不能用if;② 后接or not时,只能用whether(whether...or not);③ 位于不定式(to do)前,只能用whether。
例句:
I don’t know whether/if he will attend the meeting.(及物动词后,无or not,可互换)
I am worried about whether he will attend the meeting.(介词后,只能用whether)
I don’t know whether he will attend the meeting or not.(后接or not,只能用whether)
He hasn’t decided whether to go hiking tomorrow.(不定式前,只能用whether)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择(用法与主语从句基本一致,重点注意语序和时态呼应)。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物。
例句:
I didn’t hear what he said at the meeting.(what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
She told me what matters most is our attitude.(what在从句中作主语,指代“最重要的事情”)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代)。
例句:
I don’t know who will be our new teacher.(who在从句中作主语)
He asked me whom we should ask for help.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物。
例句:
She asked me whose book was lost in the classroom.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语)
I don’t know whose car is parked in front of our house.(whose指代物,修饰car,作定语)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围)。
例句:
He asked me which team will win the game.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”)
I can’t decide which one I will choose.(which在从句中作宾语)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强,可引导宾语从句(区别于主语从句:此处无“不能用no matter...结构”的限制,但no matter...结构更常用于状语从句)。
例句:
I will support whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(无论谁违反规则,我都会支持惩罚他。whoever在从句中作主语)
She will accept whatever he does.(无论他做什么,她都会接受。whatever在从句中作宾语)
You can choose whichever way you like.(无论你喜欢哪条路,都可以选择。whichever在从句中作定语)
(三)连接副词的用法(核心:充当从句状语)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在宾语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语,需根据从句语义和成分选择(用法与主语从句基本一致,重点注意语序和时态呼应)。
1. when/where/why
含义:when“什么时候”(时间状语)、where“在哪里”(地点状语)、why“为什么”(原因状语)。
例句:
I don’t know when we will start the trip.(when在从句中作时间状语)
He told me where we will hold the party.(where在从句中作地点状语)
I want to know why he was absent from school yesterday.(why在从句中作原因状语)
2. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度)。
例句:
She taught me how we can solve this problem.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”)
I was surprised at how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,“多么快”)
3. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语。
例句:
Please call me whenever you come.(无论你什么时候来,都请给我打电话,whenever作时间状语)
He said he would follow me wherever we go.(无论我们去哪里,他都会跟着我,wherever作地点状语)
I will help him however hard he tries.(无论他多么努力,我都会帮助他,however修饰hard,作方式状语)
3、 必考点:引导词的辨析与选择
(一)that vs whether/if(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义)→ 用that;
语义不完整(有“是否”选择)→ 用whether/if;
看位置/搭配:介词后、or not后、不定式前 → 用whether,不用if;及物动词后无特殊搭配 → 可互换;
特殊注意:that引导的宾语从句,否定可转移(仅限think, believe等词后);whether/if引导的宾语从句,否定不转移。
例句对比:
I believe that he succeeded.(语义完整,用that;否定转移:I don’t believe that he succeeded.)
I don’t know whether/if he succeeded.(语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether/if;否定不转移)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分)。
例句对比(易错警示):
I didn’t hear that he said at the meeting.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
I didn’t hear what he said at the meeting.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”)
I heard that he spoke at the meeting.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用)
(三)whether vs if(宾语从句中,3个禁止用if的情况)
1. 宾语从句位于介词后时,只能用whether,不能用if;
2. 宾语从句后接or not时,只能用whether,不能用if;
3. 宾语从句位于不定式(to do)前时,只能用whether,不能用if。
例句对比:
I am thinking about whether he will come or not.(正确:介词后+or not,用whether)
I am thinking about if he will come or not.(错误:介词后+or not,不能用if)
He doesn’t know whether to go or stay.(正确:不定式前,用whether)
He doesn’t know if to go or stay.(错误:不定式前,不能用if)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。(与主语从句完全一致)
例句对比:
I don’t know how we will get there.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
I don’t know what we will take there.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
I don’t know when we will get there.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配
1. 及物动词+宾语从句(高频动词):think, believe, suppose, expect, know, say, tell, ask, wonder, find out, realize等;
2. 介词+宾语从句(高频介词):about, of, for, on, in等(注意:介词后只能用whether,不能用if);
3. 形容词+宾语从句(高频形容词):sure, certain, glad, happy, afraid, sorry, surprised等(that不可省略);
4. 固定句式:I don’t think/believe/suppose that...(否定转移);I wonder if/whether...(我想知道是否……)。
例句:
I think that we should protect the environment.(及物动词+宾语从句)
She is afraid that she will miss the concert.(形容词+宾语从句)
We are talking about whether we will go hiking tomorrow.(介词+宾语从句)
I don’t suppose that he will come early.(否定转移,译:我认为他不会来早)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
1. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序(易错点Top1):即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”,不能用疑问语序;
2. 时态呼应(易错点Top2):
主句用一般现在时,从句可根据句意用任意时态;
主句用一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等);从句表客观真理、永恒事实时,无论主句时态如何,从句都用一般现在时;
3. if和whether的区别:介词后、or not后、不定式前,只能用whether;
4. 否定转移:仅适用于think, believe, suppose, expect等表“认为、猜想”的动词,从句否定转移到主句;
5. 连接代词whose后必须接名词,不能单独使用(如:I don’t know whose is missing 错误,应为I don’t know whose book is missing);
6. that的省略:及物动词后可省略,介词后、形容词后不可省略。
易错句修正:
错误:I don’t know what is he doing.(疑问语序) →
正确:I don’t know what he is doing.(陈述语序)
错误:He said that the earth is round.(正确,客观真理,从句用一般现在时)
错误:I am sorry for if I hurt you.(介词后用if) → 正确:I am sorry for whether I hurt you.
五、做题万能三步法
1. 判断是否为宾语从句:看从句是否充当主句的谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语(位于及物动词后、介词后、be+形容词后);
2. 分析宾语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether/if);
3. 检查语序和时态:确保从句用陈述语序,时态与主句呼应(客观真理除外),结合句意选择引导词。
宾语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、宾语从句的语序、时态呼应及易错点规避。
1. I don’t know ______ he will come to the party or not.
2. She told me ______ she has made great progress recently.
3. Could you tell me ______ we need most at the moment?
4. I am worried about ______ you choose this one or that one.
5. He asked me ______ broke the window last night.
6. Please tell me ______ we will hold the sports meeting.
7. I heard ______ a new bridge will be built over the river.
8. She didn’t know ______ team will win the game.
9. Could you show me ______ he solved the problem?
10. I am sorry ______ you can’t attend the meeting.
11. He wondered ______ you will go there tomorrow.
12. I don’t know ______ book is mine.
13. She is sure ______ we should learn English well.
14. I will support ______ happens, we will never give up.
15. He asked me ______ he was late for school.
16. Could you tell me ______ we can get there on time?
17. People believe ______ he is an honest man.
18. I didn’t hear ______ you said at the meeting.
19. He wondered ______ will take charge of the project.
20. I don’t care ______ you are rich or poor.
21. You can choose ______ way you like.
22. She asked me ______ she left home so early.
23. I am certain ______ he is lying.
24. Please tell me ______ we need to do next.
25. I don’t know ______ he will help us.
26. I was surprised ______ he passed the exam.
27. He asked me ______ lives in that house.
28. Could you tell me ______ we will start?
29. She is sure ______ we should take more exercise.
30. Please call me ______ you feel tired.
参考答案与详细解析
1. whether 解析:考查连接词。宾语从句后接or not,只能用whether,表“是否”,故填whether。
2. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句“she has made great progress recently”语义完整,无实际含义,that可省略,此处填that。
3. what 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们此刻最需要的东西”,用what,故填what。
4. whether 解析:考查连接词。介词about后接宾语从句,表“是否”,且后接or not,只能用whether,故填whether。
5. who 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少主语,指代“谁”,指人,用who,故填who。
6. when 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少时间状语,表“什么时候举行运动会”,用when,故填when。
7. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词heard后接宾语从句,从句语义完整,无实际含义,that可省略,故填that。
8. which 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少主语,表“哪一支队伍”,有明确选择范围,用which,故填which。
9. how 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少方式状语,表“他如何解决这个问题”,用how,故填how。
10. that 解析:考查连接词。形容词sorry后接宾语从句,that不可省略,从句语义完整,故填that。
11. whether/if 解析:考查连接词。及物动词wondered后接宾语从句,表“是否”,无or not,可互换,故填whether/if。
12. whose 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少定语,表“谁的书”,whose后接名词book,表所属关系,故填whose。
13. that 解析:考查连接词。形容词sure后接宾语从句,that不可省略,从句语义完整,故填that。
14. whatever 解析:考查复合连接代词。表“无论发生什么”,whatever在从句中作主语,表让步,故填whatever。
15. why 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少原因状语,表“他为什么上学迟到”,用why,故填why。
16. how 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何按时到达那里”,用how,故填how。
17. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词believe后接宾语从句,从句语义完整,无实际含义,that可省略,故填that。
18. what 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少宾语,指代“你在会议上说的话”,用what,故填what。
19. who 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少主语,指代“谁将负责这个项目”,指人,用who,故填who。
20. whether/if 解析:考查连接词。及物动词care后接宾语从句,表“是否”,无or not,可互换,故填whether/if。
21. whichever 解析:考查复合连接代词。表“无论你选择哪条路”,whichever在从句中作定语,修饰way,表让步,故填whichever。
22. why 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少原因状语,表“她为什么这么早离开家”,用why,故填why。
23. that 解析:考查连接词。形容词certain后接宾语从句,that不可省略,从句语义完整,故填that。
24. what 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们接下来需要做的事情”,用what,故填what。
25. whether/if 解析:考查连接词。及物动词know后接宾语从句,表“是否”,无or not,可互换,故填whether/if。
26. that 解析:考查连接词。形容词surprised后接宾语从句,that不可省略,从句语义完整,故填that。
27. who 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少主语,指代“住在那所房子里的人”,指人,用who,故填who。
28. when 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少时间状语,表“我们什么时候出发”,用when,故填when。
29. that 解析:考查连接词。形容词sure后接宾语从句,that不可省略,从句语义完整,故填that。
30. whenever 解析:考查复合连接副词。表“无论你什么时候感到累”,whenever在从句中作时间状语,表让步,故填whenever。
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
Everyone has dreams, but many people don’t know how to make their dreams come true. I asked my teacher ______1______ we can realize our dreams. He told me ______2______ dreams can give us direction and motivation. He also said ______3______ we want to achieve depends on our interests and abilities.
I wondered ______4______ we should start working hard. My teacher advised me ______5______ we should make a detailed plan first. He said ______6______ it is important to stick to the plan. I asked him ______7______ we can give up when we face difficulties. He told me ______8______ we should never give up, because ______9______ we persist, we will succeed.
Now I know ______10______ making dreams come true is not easy, but it is worth trying.
Passage 2:
Reading is a good habit, but many students don’t know ______1______ reading is important for them. Our teacher told us ______2______ reading can broaden our horizons and improve our language skills. She asked us ______3______ we have the habit of reading every day.
Some students said ______4______ they are too busy with homework to read. The teacher told them ______5______ they can spend 15-20 minutes reading every day. She also asked us ______6______ books we like to read. I told her ______7______ I like reading storybooks, because ______8______ I read storybooks, I can learn a lot of life lessons.
The teacher said ______9______ it doesn’t matter what we read, as long as we keep reading. Now we all understand ______10______ reading can bring us happiness and knowledge.
详细解析
Passage 1:
文章大意:本文围绕“如何实现梦想”展开,通过向老师请教,阐述实现梦想的方法,多处涉及宾语从句,考查引导词、语序及时态呼应。
1. how 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何能实现梦想”,用how,从句用陈述语序。
2. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句“dreams can give us direction and motivation”语义完整,用that,可省略。
3. what 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少宾语,指代“我们想要实现的事情”,用what,从句用陈述语序。
4. when 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少时间状语,表“我们应该什么时候开始努力”,用when。
5. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词advised后接宾语从句,从句语义完整,用that,可省略。
6. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词said后接宾语从句,从句“it is important to stick to the plan”语义完整,用that,可省略。
7. if/whether 解析:考查连接词。及物动词asked后接宾语从句,表“是否我们可以放弃”,无or not,可互换。
8. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句语义完整,用that,可省略。
9. if/whether 解析:考查连接词。宾语从句表“如果我们坚持”,此处if和whether均可(从句位于句中,无or not)。
10. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词know后接宾语从句,从句“making dreams come true is not easy”语义完整,用that,可省略。
Passage 2:
文章大意:本文介绍了阅读的重要性,通过老师的讲解,让学生了解阅读的好处和培养阅读习惯的方法,宾语从句主要考查引导词、连接代词及时态呼应。
1. why 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少原因状语,表“为什么阅读对他们很重要”,用why。
2. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句“reading can broaden our horizons and improve our language skills”语义完整,用that,可省略。
3. if/whether 解析:考查连接词。及物动词asked后接宾语从句,表“是否我们有每天阅读的习惯”,无or not,可互换。
4. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词said后接宾语从句,从句“they are too busy with homework to read”语义完整,用that,可省略。
5. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句语义完整,用that,可省略。
6. which 解析:考查连接代词。宾语从句中缺少定语,表“我们喜欢读哪类书”,有明确选择范围,用which。
7. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词told后接宾语从句,从句“我喜欢读故事书”语义完整,用that,可省略。
8. when 解析:考查连接副词。宾语从句中缺少时间状语,表“当我读故事书的时候”,用when。
9. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词said后接宾语从句,从句“it doesn’t matter what we read”语义完整,用that,可省略。
10. that 解析:考查连接词。及物动词understand后接宾语从句,从句“reading can bring us happiness and knowledge”语义完整,用that,可省略。
三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用宾语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度,注意语序和时态呼应。
1. He will come to the party. I believe it.
2. We need more time. It is obvious.
3. She missed the bus. I am sorry about it.
4. He solved the problem in this way. She told me it.
5. We should protect the environment. We all think it.
6. He will help us. I don’t know it.
7. We choose this plan. It depends on our needs.
8. She left home early. No one knows the reason.
9. We read every day. It is good for our study. He told us it.
10. He is an honest man. People believe it.
参考答案与详细解析
1. I believe (that) he will come to the party.
解析:用及物动词believe后接宾语从句,that可省略,改写后句式更高级,适合作文观点陈述,注意从句用陈述语序。
2. I am obvious (that) we need more time.
解析:用形容词obvious后接宾语从句,that不可省略,提升作文正式度,贴合观点表达。
3. I am sorry about that she missed the bus.
解析:用介词about后接宾语从句,that不可省略,表达遗憾情感,符合作文细节描写,句式规范。
She told me (that) he solved the problem in this way.
解析:用及物动词told后接宾语从句,that可省略,从句陈述“他解决问题的方式”,语义完整,贴合“及物动词+宾语从句”高频考点,改写后句式更简洁高级,适合作文细节表达。
5. We all think (that) we should protect the environment.
解析:及物动词think后接宾语从句,that可省略,从句表达观点“我们应该保护环境”,语义完整,符合“think+宾语从句”固定搭配,改写后提升句式正式度,适配作文观点类表达,注意时态一致(主句一般现在时,从句用情态动词should,符合时态呼应规则)。
6. I don’t know whether/if he will help us.
解析:及物动词know后接宾语从句,从句语义不完整,表“是否会帮助我们”,无or not,whether和if可互换,贴合“连接词whether/if的用法”考点,改写后句式更丰富,避免简单句重复,注意否定不转移(know不表“认为、猜想”,不适用否定转移规则)。
7. It depends on what we need whether we choose this plan.(或We choose this plan depending on what we need. 更贴合改写要求:We all know that whether we choose this plan depends on what we need.)
解析:原句核心是“选择计划取决于我们的需求”,改写时用“depend on+宾语从句”,从句“what we need”中what充当宾语,指代“我们需要的东西”,贴合“连接代词what的用法”;同时用that引导宾语从句,整体句式升级,既符合考点,又符合作文表达习惯,注意从句用陈述语序。
8. No one knows why she left home early.
解析:及物动词know后接宾语从句,从句缺少原因状语,表“她早离开家的原因”,用连接副词why引导,贴合“连接副词why的用法”,改写后句式紧凑,将“the reason”转化为宾语从句,提升高级度,注意从句用陈述语序(why+主语+谓语)。
9. He told us (that) reading every day is good for our study.
解析:及物动词told后接宾语从句,that可省略,从句“reading every day is good for our study”语义完整,主语为动名词短语,贴合“及物动词+宾语从句”考点,同时体现“宾语从句时态呼应”(主句一般过去时,从句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时),改写后符合作文中“老师建议、告知”类场景表达。
10. People believe (that) he is an honest man.
解析:及物动词believe后接宾语从句,that可省略,从句语义完整,陈述“他是诚实的人”这一事实,贴合“believe+宾语从句”固定搭配,若表否定需用否定转移(I don’t believe that he is an honest man),此处为肯定句,句式简洁,适合作文人物评价类表达。
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