内容正文:
高中英语同位语从句考点解读和专练精讲(解析版)
同位语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
同位语从句:在复合句中,充当某一名词(或代词)的同位语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来解释、说明该名词(或代词)的具体内容、含义或事实,与所修饰的名词(或代词)在逻辑上是“等同关系”。
核心特点:
1. 从句不能单独成句,必须依附于被修饰的名词(或代词),对其进行补充说明,二者地位平等(同指一件事/一个情况);
2. 从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和同位语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3. 被修饰的名词(同位词)多为抽象名词,且具有“内容可解释、含义可补充”的特点(高频同位词见下文);
4. 同位语从句通常位于同位词之后,偶尔可被插入语隔开(易错点,需注意识别)。
核心组成:同位词(抽象名词) + 引导词 + 同位语从句
高频同位词(高考核心,必记):
表事实/观点:fact(事实)、truth(真相)、news(消息)、information(信息)、message(留言);
表信念/想法:belief(信念)、idea(想法)、opinion(观点)、thought(想法)、view(观点);
表愿望/建议:wish(愿望)、hope(希望)、suggestion(建议)、advice(建议)、proposal(提议);
表其他:promise(承诺)、decision(决定)、question(问题)、doubt(疑问)、possibility(可能性)。
两大呈现形式:
1. 直接位于同位词后:同位词 + 引导词 + 同位语从句;
2. 被插入语隔开:同位词 + 插入语(如I think, I believe, is true等) + 引导词 + 同位语从句(易错点,需注意识别)。
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类,与主语从句引导词同源,但用法有差异):
1. 连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether(是否,表选择);
2. 连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3. 连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法(高考重中之重)
(一)连接词的用法(that vs whether)
1. that(高频考点)
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的同位语从句语义完整,用于解释同位词的具体内容(同位词多为fact, truth, news等表事实的词)。
关键注意点:
- that不可省略(易错点:与主语从句中it作形式主语后that可省略不同,同位语从句中that无论位于何处,均不可省略);
- 从句时态不受主句时态影响,根据实际语境选择即可;
- 当同位词是suggestion, advice, proposal等表“建议、提议”的词时,that引导的同位语从句需用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形,should可省略)。
例句:
I heard the news that our team won the game.(that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,that不可省略)
He put forward the suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting to discuss the problem.(同位词是suggestion,从句用虚拟语气,should可省略)
The fact that he failed the exam surprised all of us.(that解释fact的内容,语义完整,不可省略)
2. whether
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的同位语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择,用于补充说明同位词的不确定性(同位词多为question, doubt, possibility等表疑问、可能性的词)。
关键注意点:
- 可位于同位词后,不可与if互换(易错点:if不能引导同位语从句,无论位置如何);
- 常与or not连用(whether...or not),此时or not可放在whether之后或从句末尾;
- 同位词为doubt时,肯定句中用whether引导,否定句/疑问句中用that引导。
例句:
There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.(否定句,doubt后用that)
I have a doubt whether he will keep his promise.(肯定句,doubt后用whether)
We discussed the question whether we should go on a trip tomorrow.(同位词是question,表选择,用whether,不可用if)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在同位语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择,用于补充说明同位词的具体内容(同位词多为idea, thought, question等)。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物,用于解释同位词的具体内容。
例句:
He had no idea what we were talking about.(what在从句中作宾语,解释idea的内容“我们在谈论的事情”)
The truth what he did for us moved everyone.(what在从句中作主语,解释truth的内容“他为我们做的事情”)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代),用于补充说明“人”相关的同位词内容。
例句:
I have no idea who will be our new teacher.(who在从句中作主语,解释idea的内容“谁会是我们的新老师”)
She asked the question whom we should ask for help.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who,解释question的内容)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物,用于补充说明同位词的所属关系。
例句:
We discussed the problem whose book was lost in the classroom.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语,解释problem的内容)
He expressed the thought whose car was parked in front of our house.(whose指代物,修饰car,作定语,解释thought的内容)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围),用于补充说明有选择范围的同位词内容。
例句:
She couldn’t decide the question which team would win the game.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”,解释question的内容)
We had a discussion about the choice which one we should choose.(which在从句中作宾语,有选择范围,解释choice的内容)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强,用于补充说明同位词的让步含义。
例句:
He made a promise whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(whoever在从句中作主语,表“无论谁”,解释promise的内容)
I have no idea whatever he does is right.(whatever在从句中作宾语,表“无论什么”,解释idea的内容)
6. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度),用于补充说明同位词的方式、程度等细节。
例句:
She had no idea how we can solve this problem.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”,解释idea的内容)
I was surprised at the news how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,解释news的内容)
7. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语,用于补充说明同位词的让步含义。
例句:
He made a promise whenever you come, you are welcome.(whenever作时间状语,表“无论何时”,解释promise的内容)
I have no idea wherever we go, we should keep our environment clean.(wherever作地点状语,表“无论何地”,解释idea的内容)
三、必考点:引导词的辨析与选择(高考核心,规避易错点)
(一)that vs whether(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义,用于解释同位词的确定内容)→ 用that;语义不完整(有“是否”选择,用于解释同位词的不确定内容)→ 用whether;
看同位词:同位词为fact, truth, news等表“确定事实”的词 → 用that;同位词为question, doubt, possibility等表“疑问、可能性”的词 → 用whether;
特殊注意:doubt后引导词的选择——肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that。
例句对比:
The fact that he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是fact,语义完整,用that)
The question whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是question,语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether)
There is no doubt that he succeeded.(否定句,doubt后用that)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整,用于解释同位词的确定内容;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分),用于解释同位词的具体内容。
例句对比(易错警示):
The idea that he said at the meeting is important.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
The idea what he said at the meeting is important.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”,解释idea的内容)
The idea that he spoke at the meeting is important.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用,解释idea的内容)
(三)whether vs if(同位语从句中)
同位语从句中,if不能引导同位语从句(易错点,重中之重),无论同位词是什么、从句位于何处,表“是否”都只能用whether。
例句对比:
We discussed the question whether he will come or not.(正确:同位语从句,用whether)
We discussed the question if he will come or not.(错误:if不能引导同位语从句)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。
例句对比:
I have no idea how we will get there.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
I have no idea what we will take there.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
I don’t know the time when we will get there.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
(五)同位语从句 vs 定语从句(高频区分,易错点)
核心区别:
1. 逻辑关系不同:同位语从句与同位词是“等同关系”(从句解释同位词的内容);定语从句与先行词是“修饰关系”(从句限定先行词的范围);
2. 引导词作用不同:同位语从句中,that不充当成分、无含义;定语从句中,that充当主语/宾语,可省略(作宾语时);
3. 能否省略不同:同位语从句中,that不可省略;定语从句中,that作宾语时可省略。
例句对比:
The news that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句:that无含义、不充当成分,从句解释news的内容,that不可省略)
The news that he told me is true.(定语从句:that在从句中作宾语,修饰news“他告诉我的消息”,that可省略)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配(同位词+同位语从句,高考必背)
1. There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……(doubt后用that,否定句固定搭配);
2. I have no idea that/whether/what... 我不知道……(idea后可接各类引导词的同位语从句);
3. The fact/truth that... ……的事实/真相(that引导同位语从句,解释事实);
4. The suggestion/advice that... ……的建议(that引导同位语从句,用虚拟语气should+动词原形);
5. The question whether... ……的问题(whether表“是否”,不可用if)。
例句:
There is no doubt that we should learn English well.(高频考点,否定句doubt后用that)
The advice that we (should) take more exercise is very useful.(suggestion/advice后,从句用虚拟语气)
I have no idea whether he will come to the party.(idea后接whether引导的同位语从句,表“是否”)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
1. 同位语从句中,that不可省略(无论同位词是什么、从句位置如何),区别于主语从句中it作形式主语后that可省略;
2. if不能引导同位语从句,表“是否”只能用whether(重中之重,高频丢分点);
3. 同位词为suggestion, advice, proposal等表“建议、提议”的词时,同位语从句需用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形,should可省略);
4. doubt后引导词的选择:肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that;
5. 区分同位语从句与定语从句:看引导词是否充当成分、从句与名词是“解释”还是“修饰”关系;
6. 同位语从句可被插入语隔开,需注意识别(如:The news, I think, that our team won is true. 插入语I think隔开了同位词和从句)。
五、做题万能三步法
1. 判断是否为同位语从句:看从句是否位于抽象名词(同位词)之后,且从句是解释、说明该名词的内容(而非修饰限定);
2. 分析同位语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether);
3. 结合句意和同位词选择引导词:根据同位词的含义(如doubt表疑问、suggestion表建议)和从句语义(是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”),匹配对应的引导词,规避易错点(如不用if、that不省略)。
同位语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、虚拟语气、引导词辨析及易错点规避。
1. There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
2. I have no idea ______ we will start the trip.
3. The fact ______ he passed the exam made his parents happy.
4. We discussed the question ______ we should go hiking tomorrow.
5. He put forward the suggestion ______ we (should) hold a meeting.
6. I have a doubt ______ he will attend the meeting.
7. The news ______ our team won the game surprised everyone.
8. No one knows the reason ______ he was late for school.
9. I have no idea ______ he said at the meeting.
10. The question ______ team will win the game is hard to answer.
11. There is no doubt ______ reading is good for our study.
12. She had no idea ______ to solve this problem.
13. The advice ______ we should eat a balanced diet is useful.
14. I have a doubt ______ he is an honest man.
15. The truth ______ he helped us moved all of us.
16. We talked about the possibility ______ we could finish the work on time.
17. I don’t know the time ______ we will arrive there.
18. The idea ______ we should help each other is important.
19. He made a promise ______ whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
20. The question ______ we can get there on time is a problem.
21. There is no doubt ______ he has made great progress.
22. I have no idea ______ book is mine.
23. The suggestion ______ we should do more exercise is good.
24. I have a doubt ______ he will help us.
25. The news ______ a new hospital will be built here is true.
26. No one knows the place ______ we will hold the party.
27. I have no idea ______ happened yesterday.
28. The question ______ we should choose this plan is up to us.
29. There is no doubt ______ time is precious.
30. The idea ______ we should cherish our friends is obvious.
参考答案与详细解析
1. that 解析:考查连接词。固定搭配There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,解释doubt的内容,that不可省略,故填that。
2. when 解析:考查连接副词。同位语从句中缺少时间状语,表“我们什么时候出发”,同位词是idea,用when引导,故填when。
3. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是fact,表确定事实,从句“he passed the exam”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
4. whether 解析:考查连接词。同位词是question,表“是否明天去远足”,语义不完整,表选择,用whether,不可用if,故填whether。
5. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是suggestion,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句需用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
6. whether 解析:考查连接词。doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他会参加会议”,故填whether。
7. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是news,从句“our team won the game”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,that不可省略,故填that。
8. why 解析:考查连接副词。同位词是reason,从句中缺少原因状语,表“他为什么上学迟到”,用why引导,故填why。
9. what 解析:考查连接代词。同位语从句中缺少宾语,指代“他在会议上说的话”,同位词是idea,用what引导,故填what。
10. which 解析:考查连接代词。同位语从句中缺少主语,表“哪一支队伍”,有明确选择范围,同位词是question,用which引导,故填which。
11. that 解析:考查连接词。固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
12. how 解析:考查连接副词。同位语从句中缺少方式状语,表“如何解决这个问题”,同位词是idea,用how引导,故填how。
13. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是advice,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
14. whether 解析:考查连接词。doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他是一个诚实的人”,故填whether。
15. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是truth,从句“he helped us”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释truth的内容,that不可省略,故填that。
16. whether 解析:考查连接词。同位词是possibility,表“是否我们能按时完成工作”,语义不完整,用whether引导,故填whether。
17. when 解析:考查连接副词。同位词是time,从句中缺少时间状语,表“我们什么时候到达那里”,用when引导,故填when。
18. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是idea,从句“we should help each other”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
19. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是promise,从句“whoever breaks the rules will be punished”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释promise的内容,that不可省略,故填that。
20. whether 解析:考查连接词。同位词是question,表“是否我们能按时到达那里”,语义不完整,用whether引导,故填whether。
21. that 解析:考查连接词。固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
22. whose 解析:考查连接代词。同位语从句中缺少定语,表“谁的书”,whose后接名词book,表所属关系,同位词是idea,故填whose。
23. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是suggestion,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
24. whether 解析:考查连接词。doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他会帮助我们”,故填whether。
25. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是news,从句“a new hospital will be built here”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,that不可省略,故填that。
26. where 解析:考查连接副词。同位词是place,从句中缺少地点状语,表“我们在哪里举行派对”,用where引导,故填where。
27. what 解析:考查连接代词。同位语从句中缺少主语,指代“昨天发生的事情”,同位词是idea,用what引导,故填what。
28. whether 解析:考查连接词。同位词是question,表“是否我们应该选择这个计划”,语义不完整,用whether引导,故填whether。
29. that 解析:考查连接词。固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
30. that 解析:考查连接词。同位词是idea,从句“we should cherish our friends”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
There is no doubt ______1______ friendship is important in our life. I have no idea ______2______ we can find true friends. The fact ______3______ good friends help us through difficult times is clear. We discussed the question ______4______ we should choose kind people as friends.
He put forward the suggestion ______5______ we (should) keep in touch with our friends. I have a doubt ______6______ he will keep his promise to help us. The news ______7______ our old friend will come to visit us made us happy. No one knows the reason ______8______ he didn’t reply to our message.
The idea ______9______ we should cherish our friendship is important. There is no doubt ______10______ true friendship will last forever.
Passage 2:
The fact ______1______ reading can broaden our horizons is widely recognized. I have no idea ______2______ books we should choose to read. We talked about the question ______3______ we can form a good reading habit. The suggestion ______4______ we should read every day is useful.
There is no doubt ______5______ reading can improve our language skills. I have a doubt ______6______ he will keep reading every day. The news ______7______ a new library will be built in our school is true. No one knows the time ______8______ the library will open.
The idea ______9______ we should read more classics is good. We discussed the possibility ______10______ we can read 10 books this term.
Passage 3:
There is no doubt ______1______ keeping healthy is important. I have no idea ______2______ we can keep healthy. The fact ______3______ a balanced diet and regular exercise are good for health is clear. The suggestion ______4______ we should avoid junk food is helpful.
We discussed the question ______5______ we should exercise every morning. I have a doubt ______6______ he will stick to exercising. The news ______7______ people who exercise regularly are healthier is reported. No one knows the reason ______8______ some people don’t like exercising.
The idea ______9______ we should get enough sleep is obvious. There is no doubt ______10______ a healthy lifestyle can improve our quality of life.
详细解析
Passage 1:
文章大意:本文介绍了友谊的重要性,阐述了如何选择朋友、维护友谊,多处涉及同位语从句,考查连接词、连接代词、连接副词及虚拟语气的用法。
1. that 解析:固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,解释doubt的内容,故填that。
2. how 解析:同位词是idea,从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何找到真正的朋友”,用how引导,故填how。
3. that 解析:同位词是fact,从句“good friends help us through difficult times”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
4. whether 解析:同位词是question,表“是否我们应该选择善良的人做朋友”,语义不完整,用whether,不可用if,故填whether。
5. that 解析:同位词是suggestion,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
6. whether 解析:doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他会遵守帮助我们的承诺”,故填whether。
7. that 解析:同位词是news,从句“our old friend will come to visit us”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,故填that。
8. why 解析:同位词是reason,从句中缺少原因状语,表“他为什么不回复我们的消息”,用why引导,故填why。
9. that 解析:同位词是idea,从句“we should cherish our friendship”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
10. that 解析:固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
Passage 2:
文章大意:本文介绍了阅读的重要性,阐述了阅读的好处、阅读习惯的培养,同位语从句主要考查连接词、连接代词及虚拟语气的用法。
1. that 解析:同位词是fact,从句“reading can broaden our horizons”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
2. which 解析:同位词是idea,从句中缺少定语,表“我们应该选择哪类书”,有明确选择范围,用which引导,故填which。
3. whether 解析:同位词是question,表“是否我们能养成良好的阅读习惯”,语义不完整,用whether,不可用if,故填whether。
4. that 解析:同位词是suggestion,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
5. that 解析:固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
6. whether 解析:doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他会坚持每天阅读”,故填whether。
7. that 解析:同位词是news,从句“a new library will be built in our school”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,故填that。
8. when 解析:同位词是time,从句中缺少时间状语,表“图书馆什么时候开放”,用when引导,故填when。
9. that 解析:同位词是idea,从句“we should read more classics”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
10. whether 解析:同位词是possibility,表“是否我们这学期能读10本书”,语义不完整,用whether引导,故填whether。
Passage 3:
文章大意:本文介绍了保持健康的方法,包括均衡饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠,同位语从句考查连接词、连接副词及虚拟语气的用法。
1. that 解析:固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
2. how 解析:同位词是idea,从句中缺少方式状语,表“我们如何保持健康”,用how引导,故填how。
3. that 解析:同位词是fact,从句“a balanced diet and regular exercise are good for health”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
4. that 解析:同位词是suggestion,表建议,that引导同位语从句,从句用虚拟语气(should可省略),that不可省略,故填that。
5. whether 解析:同位词是question,表“是否我们应该每天早上锻炼”,语义不完整,用whether,不可用if,故填whether。
6. whether 解析:doubt为肯定形式,后接whether引导同位语从句,表“是否他会坚持锻炼”,故填whether。
7. that 解析:同位词是news,从句“people who exercise regularly are healthier”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,故填that。
8. why 解析:同位词是reason,从句中缺少原因状语,表“为什么有些人不喜欢锻炼”,用why引导,故填why。
9. that 解析:同位词是idea,从句“we should get enough sleep”语义完整,用that引导同位语从句,that不可省略,故填that。
10. that 解析:固定搭配There is no doubt that...,doubt为否定形式,后接that引导同位语从句,故填that。
专项三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用同位语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度。
1. He will come to the party. It is a fact.
2. We should protect the environment. It is a suggestion.
3. She missed the bus. It is the truth.
4. He will help us. I have no idea.
5. We can solve this problem in this way. It is an idea.
6. He is an honest man. There is no doubt.
7. We will hold a school sports meeting next month. It is a piece of news.
8. She failed the exam because she was lazy. It is the reason.
9. We should read more books every day. It is my advice.
10. He can finish the work on time. I have a doubt.
11. The earth goes around the sun. It is a scientific truth.
12. We will go on a trip to the countryside this weekend. It is our plan.
13. He won the first prize in the English competition. It surprised all of us.
14. We need to improve our listening skills. It is an important thought.
15. She will study abroad next year. I heard the message.
16. We can get good grades by working hard. There is no doubt.
17. He didn’t attend the meeting. No one knows the reason.
18. We should help those in need. It is a meaningful proposal.
19. The new library will open next week. We discussed the possibility.
20. He will be our new monitor. I have no idea.
逐题答案 + 解析
1.答案:It is a fact that he will come to the party.
解析:抽象名词 fact,that 引导同位语从句,解释 fact 具体内容。
2、答案:It is a suggestion that we should protect the environment.
解析:抽象名词 suggestion,that 从句说明建议的内容。
3、答案:It is the truth that she missed the bus.
解析:truth 为抽象名词,that 引导从句解释真相。
4、答案:I have no idea that he will help us.
解析:固定搭配 have no idea + 同位语从句,表 “不知道……”。
5、答案:It is an idea that we can solve this problem in this way.
解析:抽象名词 idea,that 从句解释想法的具体内容。
6、答案:There is no doubt that he is an honest man.
解析:固定句型There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
7、答案:It is a piece of news that we will hold a school sports meeting next month.
解析:抽象名词 news,that 从句交代消息内容。
8、答案:It is the reason that she failed the exam because she was lazy.
解析:抽象名词 reason,that 引导从句说明理由。
9、答案:It is my advice that we should read more books every day.
解析:抽象名词 advice,that 从句解释建议内容。
10、答案:I have a doubt whether he can finish the work on time.
解析:doubt 表 “怀疑、不确定”,用whether引导同位语从句,表 “是否”。
11、答案:It is a scientific truth that the earth goes around the sun.
解析:scientific truth 为抽象名词,that 引导从句。
12、答案:It is our plan that we will go on a trip to the countryside this weekend.
解析:抽象名词 plan,that 从句解释计划内容。
13、答案:The fact that he won the first prize in the English competition surprised all of us.
解析:先提炼核心事实作先行词 the fact,后接 that 同位语从句。
14、答案:It is an important thought that we need to improve our listening skills.
解析:抽象名词 thought,that 从句解释想法内容。
15、答案:I heard the message that she will study abroad next year.
解析:抽象名词 message,that 引导从句说明消息内容。
16、答案:There is no doubt that we can get good grades by working hard.
解析:固定句型,that 引导同位语从句。
17、答案:No one knows the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting.
解析:reason 表原因,用why引导同位语从句。
18、答案:It is a meaningful proposal that we should help those in need.
解析:抽象名词 proposal(提议),that 引导从句。
19、答案:We discussed the possibility that the new library will open next week.
解析:抽象名词 possibility(可能性),that 引导同位语从句。
20、答案:I have no idea that he will be our new monitor.
解析:have no idea 后接 that 引导同位语从句,解释不知道的事情。
作文万能升级句型总结
It is a fact/truth/news/plan/advice that + 从句
There is no doubt that + 从句 (高考高频)
I have no idea/doubt whether/that + 从句
The reason why + 从句
直接套用可快速提升高考作文句式层次。
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高中英语同位语从句考点解读和专练精讲(原卷版)
同位语从句考点解读
一、基本概念
同位语从句:在复合句中,充当某一名词(或代词)的同位语的从句,相当于一个名词,用来解释、说明该名词(或代词)的具体内容、含义或事实,与所修饰的名词(或代词)在逻辑上是“等同关系”。
核心特点:
1. 从句不能单独成句,必须依附于被修饰的名词(或代词),对其进行补充说明,二者地位平等(同指一件事/一个情况);
2. 从句由引导词引导,引导词不充当主句成分,只连接主句和同位语从句,部分引导词在从句中充当一定成分;
3. 被修饰的名词(同位词)多为抽象名词,且具有“内容可解释、含义可补充”的特点(高频同位词见下文);
4. 同位语从句通常位于同位词之后,偶尔可被插入语隔开(易错点,需注意识别)。
核心组成:同位词(抽象名词) + 引导词 + 同位语从句
高频同位词(高考核心,必记):
表事实/观点:fact(事实)、truth(真相)、news(消息)、information(信息)、message(留言);
表信念/想法:belief(信念)、idea(想法)、opinion(观点)、thought(想法)、view(观点);
表愿望/建议:wish(愿望)、hope(希望)、suggestion(建议)、advice(建议)、proposal(提议);
表其他:promise(承诺)、decision(决定)、question(问题)、doubt(疑问)、possibility(可能性)。
两大呈现形式:
1. 直接位于同位词后:同位词 + 引导词 + 同位语从句;
2. 被插入语隔开:同位词 + 插入语(如I think, I believe, is true等) + 引导词 + 同位语从句(易错点,需注意识别)。
引导词分类(高考核心,分3大类,与主语从句引导词同源,但用法有差异):
1. 连接词(不充当从句成分,只起连接作用):that(无含义)、whether(是否,表选择);
2. 连接代词(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语):what(……的事情/东西)、who(谁,指人)、whom(谁,指人,作宾语)、whose(……的,表所属)、which(哪一个,表选择)、whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪一个);
3. 连接副词(在从句中充当状语):when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how(如何,怎样)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论何地)、however(无论怎样)。
二、核心考点:引导词的用法(高考重中之重)
(一)连接词的用法(that vs whether)
1. that(高频考点)
核心功能:无实际含义,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成分;引导的同位语从句语义完整,用于解释同位词的具体内容(同位词多为fact, truth, news等表事实的词)。
关键注意点:
- that不可省略(易错点:与主语从句中it作形式主语后that可省略不同,同位语从句中that无论位于何处,均不可省略);
- 从句时态不受主句时态影响,根据实际语境选择即可;
- 当同位词是suggestion, advice, proposal等表“建议、提议”的词时,that引导的同位语从句需用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形,should可省略)。
例句:
I heard the news that our team won the game.(that引导同位语从句,解释news的内容,that不可省略)
He put forward the suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting to discuss the problem.(同位词是suggestion,从句用虚拟语气,should可省略)
The fact that he failed the exam surprised all of us.(that解释fact的内容,语义完整,不可省略)
2. whether
核心功能:有实际含义“是否”,起连接作用,不充当从句成分;引导的同位语从句语义不完整,存在“是/否”的选择,用于补充说明同位词的不确定性(同位词多为question, doubt, possibility等表疑问、可能性的词)。
关键注意点:
- 可位于同位词后,不可与if互换(易错点:if不能引导同位语从句,无论位置如何);
- 常与or not连用(whether...or not),此时or not可放在whether之后或从句末尾;
- 同位词为doubt时,肯定句中用whether引导,否定句/疑问句中用that引导。
例句:
There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.(否定句,doubt后用that)
I have a doubt whether he will keep his promise.(肯定句,doubt后用whether)
We discussed the question whether we should go on a trip tomorrow.(同位词是question,表选择,用whether,不可用if)
(二)连接代词的用法(核心:充当从句成分)
核心功能:既起连接作用,又在同位语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,需根据从句成分和句意选择,用于补充说明同位词的具体内容(同位词多为idea, thought, question等)。
1. what(高频考点)
含义:“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”,在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语,指代事物,用于解释同位词的具体内容。
例句:
He had no idea what we were talking about.(what在从句中作宾语,解释idea的内容“我们在谈论的事情”)
The truth what he did for us moved everyone.(what在从句中作主语,解释truth的内容“他为我们做的事情”)
2. who/whom
含义:who“谁”(指人),在从句中作主语;whom“谁”(指人),在从句中作宾语(口语中可被who替代),用于补充说明“人”相关的同位词内容。
例句:
I have no idea who will be our new teacher.(who在从句中作主语,解释idea的内容“谁会是我们的新老师”)
She asked the question whom we should ask for help.(whom在从句中作宾语,可替换为who,解释question的内容)
3. whose
含义:“……的”,表所属关系,在从句中作定语,后接名词,可指代人或物,用于补充说明同位词的所属关系。
例句:
We discussed the problem whose book was lost in the classroom.(whose指代人,修饰book,作定语,解释problem的内容)
He expressed the thought whose car was parked in front of our house.(whose指代物,修饰car,作定语,解释thought的内容)
4. which
含义:“哪一个”,表选择,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代人或物(有明确的选择范围),用于补充说明有选择范围的同位词内容。
例句:
She couldn’t decide the question which team would win the game.(which在从句中作主语,有明确选择范围“参赛队伍”,解释question的内容)
We had a discussion about the choice which one we should choose.(which在从句中作宾语,有选择范围,解释choice的内容)
5. 复合连接代词(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”,表让步,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,语气比普通连接代词更强,用于补充说明同位词的让步含义。
例句:
He made a promise whoever breaks the rules will be punished.(whoever在从句中作主语,表“无论谁”,解释promise的内容)
I have no idea whatever he does is right.(whatever在从句中作宾语,表“无论什么”,解释idea的内容)
6. how
含义:“如何,怎样”,在从句中作方式状语,也可表示“多么”(修饰形容词/副词,表程度),用于补充说明同位词的方式、程度等细节。
例句:
She had no idea how we can solve this problem.(how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何解决”,解释idea的内容)
I was surprised at the news how fast he improved his English.(how修饰fast,表程度,解释news的内容)
7. 复合连接副词(whenever/wherever/however)
含义:“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样”,表让步,在从句中作状语,用于补充说明同位词的让步含义。
例句:
He made a promise whenever you come, you are welcome.(whenever作时间状语,表“无论何时”,解释promise的内容)
I have no idea wherever we go, we should keep our environment clean.(wherever作地点状语,表“无论何地”,解释idea的内容)
三、必考点:引导词的辨析与选择(高考核心,规避易错点)
(一)that vs whether(高频辨析)
看从句语义:语义完整(无“是否”含义,用于解释同位词的确定内容)→ 用that;语义不完整(有“是否”选择,用于解释同位词的不确定内容)→ 用whether;
看同位词:同位词为fact, truth, news等表“确定事实”的词 → 用that;同位词为question, doubt, possibility等表“疑问、可能性”的词 → 用whether;
特殊注意:doubt后引导词的选择——肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that。
例句对比:
The fact that he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是fact,语义完整,用that)
The question whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.(同位词是question,语义不完整,表“是否成功”,用whether)
There is no doubt that he succeeded.(否定句,doubt后用that)
(二)what vs that(高频易错点)
that:无含义,不充当从句成分,只起连接作用,从句语义完整,用于解释同位词的确定内容;
what:有含义(“……的事情/东西”),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,从句语义不完整(缺成分),用于解释同位词的具体内容。
例句对比(易错警示):
The idea that he said at the meeting is important.(错误:从句缺宾语,that不能充当宾语)
The idea what he said at the meeting is important.(正确:what在从句中作宾语,指代“他说的话”,解释idea的内容)
The idea that he spoke at the meeting is important.(正确:从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整,that只起连接作用,解释idea的内容)
(三)whether vs if(同位语从句中)
同位语从句中,if不能引导同位语从句(易错点,重中之重),无论同位词是什么、从句位于何处,表“是否”都只能用whether。
例句对比:
We discussed the question whether he will come or not.(正确:同位语从句,用whether)
We discussed the question if he will come or not.(错误:if不能引导同位语从句)
(四)连接代词 vs 连接副词
判断口诀:从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词;从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用连接副词。
例句对比:
I have no idea how we will get there.(从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how,连接副词)
I have no idea what we will take there.(从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what,连接代词)
I don’t know the time when we will get there.(从句缺时间状语 → 用when,连接副词)
(五)同位语从句 vs 定语从句(高频区分,易错点)
核心区别:
1. 逻辑关系不同:同位语从句与同位词是“等同关系”(从句解释同位词的内容);定语从句与先行词是“修饰关系”(从句限定先行词的范围);
2. 引导词作用不同:同位语从句中,that不充当成分、无含义;定语从句中,that充当主语/宾语,可省略(作宾语时);
3. 能否省略不同:同位语从句中,that不可省略;定语从句中,that作宾语时可省略。
例句对比:
The news that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句:that无含义、不充当成分,从句解释news的内容,that不可省略)
The news that he told me is true.(定语从句:that在从句中作宾语,修饰news“他告诉我的消息”,that可省略)
四、高考高频固定搭配与易错点
(一)高频固定搭配(同位词+同位语从句,高考必背)
1. There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……(doubt后用that,否定句固定搭配);
2. I have no idea that/whether/what... 我不知道……(idea后可接各类引导词的同位语从句);
3. The fact/truth that... ……的事实/真相(that引导同位语从句,解释事实);
4. The suggestion/advice that... ……的建议(that引导同位语从句,用虚拟语气should+动词原形);
5. The question whether... ……的问题(whether表“是否”,不可用if)。
例句:
There is no doubt that we should learn English well.(高频考点,否定句doubt后用that)
The advice that we (should) take more exercise is very useful.(suggestion/advice后,从句用虚拟语气)
I have no idea whether he will come to the party.(idea后接whether引导的同位语从句,表“是否”)
(二)易错点总结(必考规避,高频丢分点)
1. 同位语从句中,that不可省略(无论同位词是什么、从句位置如何),区别于主语从句中it作形式主语后that可省略;
2. if不能引导同位语从句,表“是否”只能用whether(重中之重,高频丢分点);
3. 同位词为suggestion, advice, proposal等表“建议、提议”的词时,同位语从句需用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形,should可省略);
4. doubt后引导词的选择:肯定句用whether,否定句/疑问句用that;
5. 区分同位语从句与定语从句:看引导词是否充当成分、从句与名词是“解释”还是“修饰”关系;
6. 同位语从句可被插入语隔开,需注意识别(如:The news, I think, that our team won is true. 插入语I think隔开了同位词和从句)。
五、做题万能三步法
1. 判断是否为同位语从句:看从句是否位于抽象名词(同位词)之后,且从句是解释、说明该名词的内容(而非修饰限定);
2. 分析同位语从句成分:看从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词;状语 → 连接副词;不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether);
3. 结合句意和同位词选择引导词:根据同位词的含义(如doubt表疑问、suggestion表建议)和从句语义(是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”),匹配对应的引导词,规避易错点(如不用if、that不省略)。
同位语从句专练精讲
专项一:单句语法填空
解题提示:每题聚焦1个核心考点,重点考查引导词的选择、虚拟语气、引导词辨析及易错点规避。
1. There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
2. I have no idea ______ we will start the trip.
3. The fact ______ he passed the exam made his parents happy.
4. We discussed the question ______ we should go hiking tomorrow.
5. He put forward the suggestion ______ we (should) hold a meeting.
6. I have a doubt ______ he will attend the meeting.
7. The news ______ our team won the game surprised everyone.
8. No one knows the reason ______ he was late for school.
9. I have no idea ______ he said at the meeting.
10. The question ______ team will win the game is hard to answer.
11. There is no doubt ______ reading is good for our study.
12. She had no idea ______ to solve this problem.
13. The advice ______ we should eat a balanced diet is useful.
14. I have a doubt ______ he is an honest man.
15. The truth ______ he helped us moved all of us.
16. We talked about the possibility ______ we could finish the work on time.
17. I don’t know the time ______ we will arrive there.
18. The idea ______ we should help each other is important.
19. He made a promise ______ whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
20. The question ______ we can get there on time is a problem.
21. There is no doubt ______ he has made great progress.
22. I have no idea ______ book is mine.
23. The suggestion ______ we should do more exercise is good.
24. I have a doubt ______ he will help us.
25. The news ______ a new hospital will be built here is true.
26. No one knows the place ______ we will hold the party.
27. I have no idea ______ happened yesterday.
28. The question ______ we should choose this plan is up to us.
29. There is no doubt ______ time is precious.
30. The idea ______ we should cherish our friends is obvious.
专项二:语法填空
Passage 1:
There is no doubt ______1______ friendship is important in our life. I have no idea ______2______ we can find true friends. The fact ______3______ good friends help us through difficult times is clear. We discussed the question ______4______ we should choose kind people as friends.
He put forward the suggestion ______5______ we (should) keep in touch with our friends. I have a doubt ______6______ he will keep his promise to help us. The news ______7______ our old friend will come to visit us made us happy. No one knows the reason ______8______ he didn’t reply to our message.
The idea ______9______ we should cherish our friendship is important. There is no doubt ______10______ true friendship will last forever.
Passage 2:
The fact ______1______ reading can broaden our horizons is widely recognized. I have no idea ______2______ books we should choose to read. We talked about the question ______3______ we can form a good reading habit. The suggestion ______4______ we should read every day is useful.
There is no doubt ______5______ reading can improve our language skills. I have a doubt ______6______ he will keep reading every day. The news ______7______ a new library will be built in our school is true. No one knows the time ______8______ the library will open.
The idea ______9______ we should read more classics is good. We discussed the possibility ______10______ we can read 10 books this term.
Passage 3:
There is no doubt ______1______ keeping healthy is important. I have no idea ______2______ we can keep healthy. The fact ______3______ a balanced diet and regular exercise are good for health is clear. The suggestion ______4______ we should avoid junk food is helpful.
We discussed the question ______5______ we should exercise every morning. I have a doubt ______6______ he will stick to exercising. The news ______7______ people who exercise regularly are healthier is reported. No one knows the reason ______8______ some people don’t like exercising.
The idea ______9______ we should get enough sleep is obvious. There is no doubt ______10______ a healthy lifestyle can improve our quality of life.
专项三、作文句型升级专练
要求:用同位语从句改写简单句,提升作文句式高级度。
1. He will come to the party. It is a fact.
2. We should protect the environment. It is a suggestion.
3. She missed the bus. It is the truth.
4. He will help us. I have no idea.
5. We can solve this problem in this way. It is an idea.
6. He is an honest man. There is no doubt.
7. We will hold a school sports meeting next month. It is a piece of news.
8. She failed the exam because she was lazy. It is the reason.
9. We should read more books every day. It is my advice.
10. He can finish the work on time. I have a doubt.
11. The earth goes around the sun. It is a scientific truth.
12. We will go on a trip to the countryside this weekend. It is our plan.
13. He won the first prize in the English competition. It surprised all of us.
14. We need to improve our listening skills. It is an important thought.
15. She will study abroad next year. I heard the message.
16. We can get good grades by working hard. There is no doubt.
17. He didn’t attend the meeting. No one knows the reason.
18. We should help those in need. It is a meaningful proposal.
19. The new library will open next week. We discussed the possibility.
20. He will be our new monitor. I have no idea.
作文万能升级句型总结
It is a fact/truth/news/plan/advice that + 从句
There is no doubt that + 从句 (高考高频)
I have no idea/doubt whether/that + 从句
The reason why + 从句
直接套用可快速提升高考作文句式层次。
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