内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习(浙江专用)
专题18 祈使句
核心知识思维导图
考点一
祈使句的基本结构(基础核心考点)
祈使句的核心是“动词原形开头”,隐含主语you,需掌握肯定式、否定式及特殊形式的结构,是小升初入门必考点。
1.核心结构表(必考)
句式类型
基本结构
例句
肯定式(基础)
动词原形 + 宾语/状语 + (!)
Open the door.(开门。);Sit down, please.(请坐下。)
肯定式(礼貌)
Please + 动词原形 + 其他 / 动词原形 + 其他 + , please
Please stand up.(请站起来。);Pass me the pen, please.(请把笔递给我。)
否定式(基础)
Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 + (!)
Don’t run in the classroom.(不要在教室里跑。)
否定式(礼貌)
Please don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
Please don’t talk loudly.(请不要大声说话。)
特殊形式(Let’s)
Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他(+ !)
Let’s go to the park.(我们去公园吧。)
特殊形式(Let’s否定)
Let’s not + 动词原形 + 其他 / Don’t let’s + 动词原形 + 其他
Let’s not watch TV.(我们不要看电视了。)
特殊形式(Let us)
Let us + 动词原形 + 其他(+ !)
Let us help you.(请让我们帮你。)
2.易错提醒:
○祈使句中动词必须用原形,不可用三单、过去式或现在分词(误:Opens the window. 正:Open the window.);
○Let’s 包含说话者和听话者,Let us 通常不包含听话者(请求对方允许),否定形式优先用 Let’s not。
考点再现
1.将下列中文句子译为祈使句:
(1)关上窗户。____________________________________
(2)请不要迟到。____________________________________
(3)我们一起读书吧。____________________________________
(4)不要在墙上画画。____________________________________
2.选出下列祈使句结构正确的一项( ).
A. Don’t late for school. B. Let’s to play football.
C. Please pass me the book. D. Reads the text aloud.
3.改正下列句子中的结构错误:
(1)Don’t runs in the street. →____________________
(2)Let’s not to eat too much. →____________________
(3)Please don’t talking. →____________________
过关训练
1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空(祈使句):
(1)________________ (open) the door, please.
(2)________________ (not eat) in the library.
(3)Let’s ________________ (go) to school together.
(4)Please ________________ (be) quiet in class.
2.翻译句子(祈使句):
(1)请把你的作业给我看。______________________________________________
(2)不要玩电脑游戏。___________________________________________________
(3)我们一起唱这首歌吧。______________________________________________
3.判断下列祈使句是否正确(正确写T,错误写F):
(1)Don’t be sad.( )
(2)Let’s playing basketball.( )
(3)Please give me a pen.( )
考点二
祈使句的句式转换(高频考点,占比35%)
祈使句的转换主要集中在“肯定→否定”“陈述句→祈使句”,核心是遵循“加Don’t/Let’s not”“动词原形开头”的规则,是小升初句型转换的高频考点。
1.核心转换规则表(必考)
转换类型
操作方法
例句(原句→转换句)
肯定祈使句→否定祈使句
句首加Don’t(基础型)/ Please don’t(礼貌型)
Open the window. → Don’t open the window. / Please don’t open the window.
Let’s句型→否定句
Let’s + not + 动词原形
Let’s go. → Let’s not go.
陈述句→祈使句
去掉主语,动词变为原形(必要时加Please)
You can sit here. → Sit here, please.
祈使句→一般疑问句(表请求)
Will you + 祈使句? / Would you please + 动词原形?
Close the door. → Will you close the door? / Would you please close the door?
2.易错提醒:
○含有be动词的祈使句,否定式需加Don’t be(误:Don’t late. 正:Don’t be late.);
○Would you please 后接动词原形,不可加to(例:Would you please help me? 正确)。
考点再现
1.按要求转换下列句子:
(1)Turn on the light.(改为否定句)______________________________________
(2)Let’s watch TV.(改为否定句)______________________________________
(3)You should finish your homework now.(改为祈使句)
________________________________________________________________
(4) Please clean the room.(改为一般疑问句,表请求)
________________________________________________________________
2.选出下列转换正确的一项( )
A. Be quiet. → Don’t be quiet.(否定句)
B. Let’s read. → Let’s don't read.(否定句)
C. You go to bed early. → Go to bed early, please.(祈使句)
D. Don’t eat. → Will you don’t eat?(疑问句)
3.改正下列转换中的错误:
(1)Let’s play football. →Let’s not play football.
(2)Be careful. → Not be careful. →________________________________________
(3)Please pass me the cup. → Would you please to pass me the cup? →
________________________________________________________
过关训练
1.按要求转换下列句子:
(1)Sweep the floor.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
(2)Let’s go shopping.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
(3)You can drink some water.(改为祈使句)
________________________________________________________
(4)Don’t run fast.(改为礼貌型否定句)
________________________________________________________
2.翻译句子(转换后的祈使句):
(1)不要打开收音机。(否定祈使句)
________________________________________________________
(2)我们不要忘记带雨伞。(Let’s否定句)
________________________________________________________
(3)请你帮我一下好吗?(祈使句变疑问句)
________________________________________________________
3.用适当的形式填空(转换句型):
(1)______________ (not be) late for the meeting.(否定祈使句)
(2)Let’s ______________ (not make) noise.(Let’s否定句)
(3)______________ (give) me your phone number, please.(陈述句变祈使句)
考点三
祈使句的情景应用(浙江必考,占比30%)
祈使句在日常情景中高频出现,需结合场景(校园、交通、生活)选择合适的语气和结构,核心是保证语气与场景匹配,是小升初情景对话的得分关键。
1.高频情景类型及常用祈使句:
情景类型
常用祈使句
校园规则
Don’t run in the hallway.(不要在走廊跑。);
Be quiet in class.(课堂上保持安静。)
交通规则
Stop at the red light.(红灯停。);
Don’t cross the road.(不要横穿马路。)
生活建议
Drink more water.(多喝水。);
Eat more vegetables.(多吃蔬菜。)
请求帮助
Pass me the salt, please.(请把盐递给我。);
Help me clean the room.(帮我打扫房间。)
邀请建议
Let’s go to the cinema.(我们去看电影吧。);
Let’s have dinner together.(我们一起吃晚饭吧。)
2.易错提醒:
○禁止类情景多用 Don’t + 动词原形,语气较强烈(例:No smoking. = Don’t smoke. 禁止吸烟。);
○建议类情景多用 Let’s + 动词原形,语气亲切(例:Let’s study hard. 我们努力学习吧。)。
考点再现
1.根据情景选择合适的祈使句:
(1)当你想让别人安静时,你会说:______
A. Be quiet. B. Don’t be quiet. C. Let’s be quiet.
(2)当你看到有人在图书馆吃东西时,你会说:______
A. Eat in the library. B. Don’t eat in the library. C. Let’s eat in the library.
(3)当你想邀请朋友一起去公园时,你会说:______
A. Go to the park. B. Let’s go to the park. C. Don’t go to the park.
2.补全情景对话(用祈使句):
A: Mom, I want to go out to play.
B: OK, but _______________________________ (1) (不要跑太快) in the street.
A: I know. Can I take my ball?
B: Yes. But _______________________________ (2) (不要在马路上玩) .
A: Sure. ____________________________________ (3) (我们下午3点回家吧) .
B: Good idea.
过关训练
1.根据情景选择合适的祈使句:
(1)当你想让别人把窗户关上时,你会说:______
A. Open the window. B. Close the window, please. C. Don’t close the window.
(2)当你给别人提建议多锻炼时,你会说:______
A. Exercise more. B. Don’t exercise. C. Let’s not exercise.
(3)当你看到红灯时,你会提醒别人:______
A. Stop! Don’t go. B. Go! C. Let’s go.
2.补全情景对话(用祈使句):
A: We are going to have a picnic. __________________________ (1) (带一些水果) , please.
B: OK. What else?
A: _______________________________ (2) (不要忘记带毯子) . It’s cool on the grass.
B: Sure. _______________________________ (3) (我们早上9点出发吧) .
A: Great!
考点四
祈使句的综合运用(浙江高频)
综合考察祈使句的结构、转换及情景应用,核心是根据语境选择正确的句式和语气,区分请求、命令、建议的不同表达,是拉开分数的关键。
1.易混知识点辨析:
○Don’t + 动词原形 vs No + 名词/动名词:前者是完整祈使句,后者是简略禁止标识(例:Don’t smoke. = No smoking.);
○Let’s vs Let us:Let’s 包含双方,Let us 不包含对方(请求允许)(例:Let’s go. 我们走吧。/ Let us go. 请让我们走吧。);
○Please 的位置:可在句首或句末,句末时用逗号隔开(例:Please sit down. = Sit down, please.)。
2.综合运用技巧:
○先判断场景语气:禁止→Don’t + 动词原形;建议→Let’s + 动词原形;请求→Please + 动词原形;
○再检查结构:动词用原形,否定句加Don’t/Let’s not;
○最后匹配礼貌程度:正式场景用 Please don’t,非正式场景用 Don’t。
考点再现
1.用适当的祈使句形式填空(综合运用):
(1)______________ (not talk) in the library. It’s a rule.
(2)______________ (be) careful! The floor is wet.
(3)______________ (let) us help you with your bags.
(4)______________ (drink) more hot water when you have a cold.
2.选出下列句子中综合运用正确的一项( )
A. No run in the street. B. Let’s not to be late. C. Please pass me the book, thank you. D. Don’t be afraid of dogs.
过关训练
1.用适当的祈使句形式填空(综合运用):
(1)______________ (not eat) too much sugar. It’s bad for teeth.
(2)______________ (let)’s go to the museum this weekend.
(3)______________ (be) quiet, please. The baby is sleeping.
(4)______________ (not forget) to call me when you arrive.
2.改正下列句子中的综合错误:
(1)Let’s to go to school. →________________
(2)Don’t be not sad. →____________________
(3)Please don’t to open the window. →
3.翻译句子(综合运用祈使句):
(1)不要在课堂上吃东西,保持安静。
________________________________________________________________
(2) 我们一起去超市买一些牛奶吧。
________________________________________________________________
(3) 请你把那本字典递给我好吗?
________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择(每题3分,共30分)
( )1. ______ the door, please. It’s cold outside.
A. Open B. Close C. Opens D. Closes
( )2. ______ run in the hallway. It’s dangerous.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
( )3. Let’s ______ football after school.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
( )4. Please ______ quiet in the library.
A. be B. is C. are D. to be
( )5. ______ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for health.
A. Don’t B. Not C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
( )6. Would you please ______ me your pen?
A. give B. gives C. giving D. to give
( )7. Let’s not ______ late for the meeting.
A. be B. is C. are D. to be
( )8. ______ careful! There is a car coming.
A. Be B. Is C. Are D. To be
( )9. Please ______ the light when you leave the room.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turns on D. turns off
( )10. ______ cross the road when the light is red.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空(每题2分,共20分)
1.______ (open) your books, please.
2.______ (not talk) loudly in class.
3.Let’s ______ (go) to the park this Sunday.
4.Please ______ (be) on time for the party.
5.______ (not eat) in the computer room.
6.Let’s not ______ (watch) TV too late.
7.______ (give) me a glass of water, please.
8.______ (not be) afraid of the dog. It’s friendly.
9.Please ______ (clean) your desk before you leave.
10.Let’s ______ (help) our parents with housework.
三、按要求完成下列各题(每题5分,共30分)
1.Open the window.(改为否定句)
2.Let’s play basketball.(改为否定句)
3.You should drink more water.(改为祈使句)
4.Please be quiet.(改为一般疑问句,表请求)
5.Don’t run fast.(改为礼貌型否定句)
6.翻译句子:不要在墙上画画,我们一起保持教室干净。(祈使句)
四、完形填空(每题4分,共20分)
It’s Monday morning. The students are in the classroom. The teacher says: “______ (1) quiet, please. ______ (2) open your books to Page 10. ______ (3) talk with your classmates. Listen to me carefully.” Then the teacher starts to teach. After class, the teacher says: “______ (4) forget to do your homework. ______ (5) review the new words tonight. Let’s ______ (6) a test tomorrow.” The students answer: “OK, Miss Li.”
( )1. A. Be B. Is C. Are D. To be
( )2. A. Not B. Don’t C. Please D. Let’s
( )3. A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
( )4. A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
( )5. A. Please B. Don’t C. Let’s D. To
( )6. A. have B. has C. having D. to have
答案与解析
考点一:
考点再现
1.(1)Close the window.(2)Please don’t be late.(3)Let’s read books together.(4)Don’t draw on the wall.
2.C
3.(1)runs→run(2)to eat→eat(3)talking→talk
过关训练
1.(1)Open(2)Don’t eat(3)go(4)be
2.(1)Please show me your homework.(2)Don’t play computer games.(3)Let’s sing this song together.
3.(1)T(2)F(3)T
考点二:
考点再现
1.(1)Don’t open the window.(2)Let’s not watch TV.(3)Finish your homework now, please.(4)Will you please clean the room? / Would you please clean the room?
2.C
3.(2)Not be→Don’t be(3)to pass→pass
过关训练
1.(1)Don’t sweep the floor.(2)Let’s not go shopping.(3)Drink some water, please.(4)Please don’t run fast.
2.(1)Don’t turn on the radio.(2)Let’s not forget to take an umbrella.(3)Would you please help me?
3.(1)Don’t be(2)not make(3)Give
考点三:
考点再现
1.(1)A(2)B(3)B
2.(1)don’t run too fast(2)don’t play on the road(3)Let’s go home at 3 p.m.
过关训练
1.(1)B(2)A(3)A
2.(1)Bring some fruit(2)Don’t forget to take a blanket(3)Let’s start at 9 a.m.
考点四:
考点再现
1.(1)Don’t talk(2)Be(3)Let(4)Drink
2.D
过关训练
1.(1)Don’t eat(2)Let(3)Be(4)Don’t forget
2.(1)to go→go(2)be not→be(3)to open→open
3.(1)Don’t eat in class. Be quiet.(2)Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some milk.(3)Would you please pass me that dictionary?
一、单项选择
1.B(解析:外面冷,提示“关门”,祈使句用动词原形)
2.B(解析:禁止在走廊跑,否定祈使句用Don’t)
3.A(解析:Let’s后接动词原形)
4.A(解析:be quiet为固定搭配,祈使句用be原形)
5.A(解析:禁止吃太多垃圾食品,否定祈使句用Don’t)
6.A(解析:Would you please后接动词原形)
7.A(解析:Let’s not后接动词原形be)
8.A(解析:be careful为固定搭配,祈使句用be原形)
9.B(解析:离开房间提示“关灯”,祈使句用动词原形)
10.B(解析:红灯提示“不要过马路”,否定祈使句用Don’t)
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.Open(解析:肯定祈使句,动词原形)
2.Don’t talk(解析:否定祈使句,Don’t+动词原形)
3.go(解析:Let’s后接动词原形)
4.be(解析:祈使句用be原形)
5.Don’t eat(解析:否定祈使句,Don’t+动词原形)
6.watch(解析:Let’s not后接动词原形)
7.Give(解析:肯定祈使句,动词原形)
8.Don’t be(解析:否定祈使句,Don’t+be原形)
9.clean(解析:祈使句用动词原形)
10.help(解析:Let’s后接动词原形)
三、按要求完成下列各题
1.Don’t open the window.(解析:否定祈使句加Don’t)
2.Let’s not play basketball.(解析:Let’s否定句加not)
3.Drink more water, please.(解析:陈述句变祈使句,动词原形开头加please)
4.Would you please be quiet?(解析:祈使句变礼貌疑问句,用Would you please)
5.Please don’t run fast.(解析:否定祈使句加please,语气更礼貌)
6.Don’t draw on the wall. Let’s keep the classroom clean together.(解析:禁止类用Don’t,建议类用Let’s)
四、完形填空
1.A(解析:be quiet为固定搭配,祈使句用be原形)
2.C(解析:肯定祈使句,“请打开书”用Please+动词原形)
3.B(解析:否定祈使句,“不要和同学说话”用Don’t)
4.B(解析:否定祈使句,“不要忘记做作业”用Don’t)
5.A(解析:肯定祈使句,“请复习新单词”用Please+动词原形)
6.A(解析:Let’s后接动词原形have)
浙江考情小贴士
1.祈使句是浙江小升初基础核心句式,分值占比5-7分,覆盖单选、填空、句型转换、情景对话等题型,尤其在情景对话和规则类题目中高频出现;
2.高频考点集中在肯定/否定结构、Let’s句型、礼貌形式,其中“动词原形误用”“否定句漏加Don’t”“Let’s后接to”是最常见易错点;
3.本地常考语境:结合浙江校园规则、交通标识、生活场景设计题目,答题时注意场景与语气匹配(禁止类多用Don’t,建议类多用Let’s);
4.解题技巧:先判断场景语气,再确定句式(肯定/否定/Let’s),最后检查动词是否用原形、否定词是否正确。
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