专题25 现在完成时（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（浙江专用）

小升初英语专题总复习（浙江专用） 专题25 现在完成时 核心知识思维导图 考点一 现在完成时基本结构（基础核心考点）   现在完成时由 have/has + 动词过去分词 构成，主语决定用 have 还是 has。 1. 核心结构表（必考） 句式 结构 例句 肯定句（主语非三单） 主语 + have + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 肯定句（主语三单） 主语 + has + 过去分词 She has finished her homework. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 I haven’t finished. / She hasn’t finished. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you finished? Has she finished? 易错提醒： have/has 的选用：只看主语人称 / 单复数，和后面的过去分词无关。 错误：She have finished. ✖️ 正确：She has finished. ✔️ 过去分词不能丢：否定句、疑问句中，have/has 后面必须接动词过去分词，不能用原形。 错误：I haven’t finish. ✖️ / Have you finish? ✖️ 正确：I haven’t finished. ✔️ / Have you finished? ✔️ 缩写形式规范： I have → I’ve；you have → you’ve；he has → he’s have not → haven’t；has not → hasn’t 注意：he’s/she’s/it’s 可能是 is 或 has，要根据语境判断。 考点再现 1.选词填空（have / has） (1) I _____________ cleaned my room. (2) She _____________ eaten breakfast. (3) They _____________ seen the film. 2.句型转换 (1) I have read the book.（改为否定句） _______________________________________________________________ (2) He has gone to Hangzhou.（改为一般疑问句） _______________________________________________________________ 过关训练 1.用所给词适当形式填空 (1) I_____________ (finish) my homework. (2) My mother_____________ (cook) dinner already. (3) They_____________ (visit) the West Lake. (4) He_____________ (see) the film twice. 2.按要求改写 (1) We have seen the film.（否定句） _______________________________________________________________ (2) She has learned English for 3 years.（一般疑问句） _______________________________________________________________ 考点二 过去分词变化规则（高频） 一、核心变化规则表（必考） 变化类型 规则 例词（规则变化） 例词（不规则变化，必背） 规则变化 一般情况 词尾直接加 -ed play→played、work→worked、walk→walked、talk→talked 规则变化 以 e 结尾 词尾直接加 -d live→lived、like→liked、use→used、move→moved 规则变化 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -ed study→studied、carry→carried、try→tried、worry→worried 规则变化 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅） 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed stop→stopped、plan→planned、drop→dropped、shop→shopped 不规则变化 无固定规则，特殊记忆 —— go→gone、do→done、see→seen、eat→eaten、take→taken、write→written、read→read、get→gotten、make→made、swim→swum、run→run、come→come 二、易错提醒（高频丢分点） 1. 辅音 + y vs 元音 + y 结尾的区别： 辅音 + y：变 y 为 i+ed（study→studied） 元音 + y：直接加 ed（play→played，不是 plaed） 2. 重读闭音节双写规则：必须同时满足三个条件： 单词以 “辅音 + 元音 + 辅音” 结尾 该音节是重读（即重音在最后一个音节） 末尾辅音字母前面只有一个元音字母 例：stop（/stɒp/ 重读在最后，辅元辅）→ stopped；open（/ˈəʊpən/ 重音不在最后）→ opened（不双写） 3. 不规则动词的过去式与过去分词区分： go（过去式 went，过去分词 gone） see（过去式 saw，过去分词 seen） eat（过去式 ate，过去分词 eaten） 注意：现在完成时必须用过去分词，不能用过去式。 考点再现 1. 写出下列动词的过去分词____ (1) go __________ (2) see __________ (3) do __________ (4) eat ______(5) take __________ (6) write __________ (7) read __________ (8) make __________ (9) swim __________ (10) run __________ 2. 用所给动词的过去分词填空 (1) I have ______________ (go) to Beijing twice. (2) She has ______________ (see) this film before. (3) We have ______________ (do) our homework. (4) He has ______________ (eat) dinner already. 过关训练 1. 用正确的过去分词填空 (1) They have ______________ (swim) in the lake. (2) He has ______________ (run) for 10 minutes. (3) I have ______________ (get) a new bike. (4) She has ______________ (write) a letter to her pen pal. (5) We have ______________ (make) a cake for Mom. 2. 找错并改正（过去分词错误） (1) He has finish his work. __________ → __________ (2) She has went to Shanghai. __________ → __________ (3) They have live here for 5 years. __________ → __________ (4) I have see this film twice. __________ → __________ 考点三 现在完成时两大用法与标志词（浙江必考） 一、两大核心用法 用法类型 核心含义 说明 标志词 例句 用法 1：过去动作对现在造成影响 / 结果 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果 不强调动作发生的具体时间，只强调现在的状态 already（肯定句）、yet（否定 / 疑问句）、just、ever、never、before I have just finished my homework.（影响：现在作业做完了，可以玩了）She hasn’t finished her homework yet.（结果：现在作业还没做完） 用法 2：动作从过去持续到现在 动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续 常与表示时间段的词连用，强调动作的持续性 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 / 过去时句子 He has lived here for 10 years.（从 10 年前住到现在）She has worked here since 2020.（从 2020 年工作到现在） 二、标志词用法细节（易错点） 1. already vs yet： already 用于肯定句，常放在句中（have/has 和过去分词之间）或句末 例：I have already had lunch. = I have had lunch already. yet 用于否定句和疑问句，放在句末 例：She hasn’t had lunch yet. / Have you had lunch yet? 2. for vs since： for 后面接时间段（表示动作持续了多久）：for 3 years, for 5 months, for a long time since 后面接时间点 / 过去时句子（表示动作从什么时候开始）：since 2019, since last year, since I was 5 3. ever vs never： ever 用于疑问句，表示 “曾经”：Have you ever been to Beijing? never 用于肯定句，表示 “从未”：I have never been to Beijing. 考点再现 1. 选词填空（for /since） (1) I have studied English __________ 5 years. (2) He has been in China __________ 2019. (3) She has lived here __________ she was 5. (4) They have been friends __________ a long time. 2. 选词填空（already /yet/just /ever/never） (1) I have __________ finished my homework.（刚） (2) She hasn’t finished her homework __________.（还） (3) Have you __________ been to Hangzhou?（曾经） (4) I have __________ seen this film before.（从未） 过关训练 1. 用正确的标志词填空 (1) We have __________ seen this film.（已经） (2) He hasn’t come back __________.（还） (3) They have lived in this city __________ 10 years. (4) I have known her __________ 2018. (5) Have you __________ tried this food?（曾经） 2. 翻译句子（用现在完成时） (1) 我已经吃过午饭了。 ____________________________________________________________________________ (2) 他在这里住了三年了。 ____________________________________________________________________________ (3) 我刚收到一封朋友的信。 ____________________________________________________________________________ (4) 她从来没去过上海。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 考点四 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时（最易错） 1、 核心区别对比表 时态 核心特点 与现在的关系 时间标志词 例句 一般过去时 动作发生在过去，且已经结束 与现在无关，只强调过去的动作 yesterday, last week, …ago, just now, in 2020 I bought a book yesterday.（昨天买的，现在书在不在不强调）He lived here in 2020.（2020 年住过，现在不住了） 现在完成时 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响 / 持续到现在 与现在密切相关，强调现在的状态或持续的过程 already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since, before I have bought a book.（现在有这本书，可以借给你）He has lived here for 5 years.（现在还住在这里） 二、易错提醒（高频丢分点） 看到具体过去时间点，不能用现在完成时： 错误：I have seen him yesterday. ✖️ 正确：I saw him yesterday. ✔️ 现在完成时不与具体过去时间状语连用：如 yesterday, last week, ago, just now, in 2020 等 持续动词 vs 瞬间动词： 瞬间动词（buy, leave, arrive, begin）不能与 for/since 连用，要转换成对应的持续动词： buy → have；leave → be away；begin → be on；join → be in 例：He has bought the book for 3 days. ✖️ → He has had the book for 3 days. ✔️ 考点再现 1. 用所给动词的正确时态填空 (1) I ___________ (buy) a book yesterday. (2) I ___________ (buy) a book. I can lend it to you. (3) He ___________ (live) here in 2020. (4) He ___________ (live) here for 5 years. 2. 判断句子正（T）误（F） (1) I have seen him yesterday. ( ) (2) She has lived here since 2020. ( ) (3) They have left here for 2 hours. ( ) (4) He has had the bike for 3 years. ( ) 过关训练 1. 用正确的时态填空 (1) He __________ (leave) home 2 hours ago. (2) He __________ (be) away from home for 2 hours. (3) I __________ (see) this film last week. (4) I __________ (see) this film twice. (5) They __________ (arrive) here ten minutes ago. (6) They __________ (stay) here since ten minutes ago. 2. 同义句转换（一般过去时→现在完成时） (1) I bought this book three days ago.= I __________ __________ this book __________ three days. (2) He left home two hours ago.= He __________ __________ away from home for two hours. (3) The film began ten minutes ago.= The film __________ __________ on for ten minutes. 一、单项选择（每题3分，共30分） ( )1. I ______ my homework already. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. am finishing ( )2. She ______ to Hangzhou twice. A. went B. has gone C. has been D. goes ( )3. They ______ TV for two hours. A. watched B. have watched C. watch D. are watching ( )4. —Have you ever been to Beijing? —Yes, I ______. A. have B. do C. am D. was ( )5. He has lived here ______ 2020. A. for B. since C. in D. at ( )6. My father ______ this car for five years. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. had ( )7. —______ you ______ your lunch? —Yes, I have. A. Did; eat B. Have; eaten C. Will; eat D. Are; eating ( )8. He ______ never ______ to Shanghai. A. have; been B. has; been C. have; gone D. has; gone ( )9. We ______ friends since we were children. A. are B. were C. have been D. will be ( )10. I ______ just ______ a letter. A. have; write B. has; written C. have; written D. am; writing 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。（每题 1 分，共 5 分） I 1 ________(live) in Hangzhou for 10 years. I 2________ (visit) many places of interest. I 3 ________(see) the West Lake twice. It’s very beautiful. I 4 never 4________ (leave) Hangzhou. I like living here. I 5 ________(make) many good friends since I came here. 三、词形填空（每题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. I __________ (clean) my room already. 2. She __________ (not see) the film before. 3. __________ you __________ (visit) the West Lake? 4. He __________ (live) here for five years. 5. They __________ (be) to Hangzhou twice. 6. My mother __________ (cook) dinner. It’s on the table. 7. We __________ (not finish) our work yet. 8. __________ he __________ (read) this book? 9. She __________ (study) English since 2019. 10. I __________ just __________ (get) a letter from my friend. 四、句型转换（每题 3 分，共 15 分） 1. I have finished my homework.（改为否定句）____________________________________________ 2. She has gone to Beijing.（改为一般疑问句）____________________________________________ 3. He has read the book for 3 days.（对划线部分提问）_______________________________________ 4. They have seen the film.（改为一般疑问句）____________________________________________ 5. My father has worked here for 10 years.（对划线部分提问）________________________________________________________ 五、句子改错（每题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. I have finish my homework. ______________ → ______________ 2. He have seen the film. ______________ → ______________ 3. She has went to Beijing. ______________ → ______________ 4. They have live here for 5 years. ______________ → ______________ 5. Have you ever be to Shanghai? ______________ → ______________ 六、阅读理解（判断正 T 误 F，每题 2 分，共 10 分） I’m Tom. I have studied in this school for five years. I have made many friends here. I have learned a lot from my teachers. I have visited the West Lake with my classmates twice. I will never forget my happy time here. ( )1. Tom has studied in the school for 4 years. ( )2. He has made many friends. ( )3. He has visited the West Lake once. ( )4. He has learned nothing at school. ( )5. He likes his school life. 七、书面表达（10 分） 以 My Changes 为题，用现在完成时写一篇短文，介绍你上小学以来的变化。要求：语句通顺，不少于 40 词。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 一、考点 1 基本结构 答案 考点再现 1.(1) have (2) has (3) have (4) has (5) have 2. (1) I haven’t read the book. (2) Has he gone to Hangzhou? 过关训练 1.(1) have finished (2) has fixed (3) haven’t visited (4) Have; read (5) has seen 2.(1) We haven’t seen the film. (2) Has she learned English for 3 years? 二、考点 2 过去分词变化规则 答案 考点再现 1.(1) gone (2) seen (3) done (4) eaten (5) taken (6) written (7) read (8) made (9) swum (10) run 2.(1) gone (2) seen (3) done (4) eaten 过关训练 1.(1) swum (2) run (3) gotten (4) written (5) made 2.(1) finish → finished (2) went → gone (3) live → lived (4) see → seen 三、考点 3 两大用法 & 标志词 答案 考点再现 1.(1) for (2) since (3) since (4) for 2.(1) just (2) yet (3) ever (4) never 过关训练 1.(1) already (2) yet (3) for (4) since (5) ever 2.(1) I have already had lunch. (2) He has lived here for three years. (3) I have just got a letter from my friend. (4) She has never been to Shanghai. 四、考点 4 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 答案 考点再现 1.(1) bought (2) have bought (3) lived (4) has lived 2.(1) F (2) T (3) F (4) T 过关训练 1.(1) left (2) has been (3) saw (4) have seen (5) arrived (6) have stayed 2.(1) have had; for (2) has been (3) has been 一、单项选择 1. C 解析：already 是现在完成时标志，用 have finished。 2. C 解析：has been to 表示 “去过已回”，twice 表示两次。 3. B 解析：for two hours 表示持续，用现在完成时。 4. A 解析：Have you…? 提问，肯定回答用 Yes, I have。 5. B 解析：since + 年份（时间点），表示 “自从……”。 6. C 解析：for five years 表持续，buy 不可持续，改用 has had。 7. B 解析：答句 I have 提示用 Have you eaten…? 8. B 解析：he 是三单用 has，never been to 表示 “从未去过”。 9. C 解析：since 从句用现在完成时，表示 “从小就是朋友”。 10. C 解析：just 是完成时标志，I 用 have，后接过去分词 written。 二、语篇选词填空 1. have lived 解析：for 10 years 表持续，用现在完成时。 2. have visited 解析：表示 “已经参观过很多景点”。 3. have seen 解析：twice 表示 “看过两次”。 4. have; left 解析：never 常用于现在完成时。 5. have made 解析：since 从句，主句用现在完成时。 三、词形填空 1. have cleaned 解析：already 提示用完成时。 2. hasn’t seen 解析：before 是完成时标志，she 用 hasn’t。 3. Have; visited 解析：一般疑问句，主语 you 用 Have。 4. has lived 解析：for five years 表持续。 5. have been 解析：have been to 表示 “去过”。 6. has cooked 解析：后句说明饭已做好，用完成时。 7. haven’t finished 解析：yet 用于否定完成时。 8. Has; read 解析：he 是三单，一般疑问句用 Has。 9. has studied 解析：since 2019 表持续。 10. have; gotten 解析：just 提示用完成时。 四、句型转换 1. I haven’t finished my homework.解析：have 后直接加 not。 2. Has she gone to Beijing?解析：三单主语，句首用 Has。 3. How long has he read the book?解析：for + 时间段用 How long 提问。 4. Have they seen the film?解析：主语 they 用 Have 提问。 5. How long has your father worked here?解析：for 10 years 用 How long 提问。 五、句子改错 1. finish → finished解析：have 后必须用过去分词。 2. have → has解析：he 是三单，用 has。 3. went → gone解析：has 后用过去分词 gone。 4. live → lived解析：have 后用过去分词。 5. be → been解析：have been to 是固定搭配。 六、阅读理解 1. F 解析：文中是 for five years。 2. T 解析：文中 I have made many friends。 3. F 解析：文中是 twice（两次）。 4. F 解析：文中 I have learned a lot。 5. T 解析：最后一句表明喜欢学校生活。 七、书面表达（参考范文） My Changes I have changed a lot since I came to primary school. I have grown taller and more confident. I have made many good friends and learned much knowledge. I have also become more hard-working. I love my life now.浙江考情小贴士 现在完成时是小升初必考难点，分值6–9 分，题型覆盖单选、词形填空、句型转换、同义句改写、改错、语篇填空。 高频考点：have/has 的选用、不规则过去分词、标志词（already/yet/for/since）、现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析、瞬间动词转持续动词。 最大丢分点：误用过去式代替过去分词、看到具体过去时间点仍用现在完成时、瞬间动词与 for/since 连用。 常考语境：旅游经历、生活持续的状态、学习 / 工作时长、个人经历。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $