高考英语语法填空笔记版 清单 -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

1、 考情解读 （一）题型简介 高考英语语法填空是语言知识运用部分的核心题型，总分15分（共10题，每题1.5分）。 语篇多为200-250词的记叙文或说明文（偶尔涉及议论文），设空上稳定采用“6-7个有提示词+3-4个无提示词”的模式。 考点集中于动词（时态语态、非谓语动词）、名词（单复数、词性转换）、形容词/副词（比较级、词性转换）、代词、冠词、介词、连词等。 （二）设题类型 一般分为有提示词和无提示词，其中： 有提示词包括：动词，词性转换，名词，形容词&副词，代词； 无提示词包括：冠词，介词，连词，从句，固定用法。 2、 空格分析 （一）有提示词 1. 动词 考点分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。 例题1：Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. ①提示词start为动词—找句子中是否有谓语动词。 ②没有谓语动词—需要填谓语动词—考虑时态/语态/主谓一致。 ③根据时间状语Over the last two years可知需填现在完成时； 根据主语some supermarkets和start可知语态为主动； 根据主语some supermarkets可知谓语动词为复数； 所以答案是have started。 例题2：Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation __ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ①提示词hold为动词—找句子中是否有谓语动词。 ②有谓语动词decided—无连词或从句—考虑非谓语。 ③主语the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation和hold构成被动关系，要填过去分词，所以答案是held。 2. 词性转换 提示词多为：动词，名词，形容词 根据要求变为：名词，形容词，副词 例句： The book's introduction is very interesting. Thank you for your invitation. We were amazed at the beautiful scenery. The experience was very rewarding. It is an energetic car that is friendly to the environment. It is a scientific discovery. 总结： 名前形，动前副，系动词后多用形。 介词冠词常接名，主语宾语必是名。 副词修饰动和形，修饰全句用副词。 3. 名词 考点： · 名词单复数（规则+不规则） (1)什么时候用复数？ - 前面有：many, few, several, various, a lot of, lots of - 结构：one of + 复数名词 - 前面有数词：two, three, these, those, different (2)规则变化 - 一般 +s：student → students - s/x/ch/sh +es：bus → buses - 辅音+y → ies：city → cities - f/fe → ves：leaf → leaves (3)不规则变化 1. child → children 2. man → men 3. woman → women 4. foot → feet 5. tooth → teeth 6. mouse → mice 7. medium → media 8. phenomenon → phenomena 9. criterion → criteria (4)练习 1. Many ________ (student) are interested in culture. 2. One of the ________ (woman) is my teacher. 3. These ________ (child) are from rural areas. 4. Different ________ (country) have different customs. 答案：1. students 2. women 3. children 4. countries · 名词所有格（‘s / s’） - 单数：the teacher’s book - 复数：the teachers’office - 无生命名词一般用 of：the door of the room 4. 形容词&副词 考点： · 变副词：形容词 → 副词（修饰动词、形容词、全句） · 变比较级 / 最高级 · 变反义词（加否定前缀：un-/in-/im-/dis- 等） · 形容词变名词（少数情况） (1)什么时候用比较级？ ①有 than - A is better than B. ②有比较含义的词： - much, far, even, a lot, a little ③句子隐含两者对比 - The weather today is warmer. ④比较级 + and + 比较级 - hotter and hotter ⑤the + 比较级，the + 比较级 - The harder you work, the better you will be. (2)什么时候用最高级？ ①前面有 the - the best, the most important ②表示三者及以上范围 - He is the tallest in the class. ③one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 - one of the most popular stars ④序数词 + 最高级 - the second longest river (3)练习 1. He was very tired and hungry, but he felt ________ (proud) than ever before. 2. The river was ________ (wide) than I had imagined. 3. This is one of the ________ (amazing) stories I have ever heard. 4. It is the ________ (high) building in the city. 5. The more you read, the ________ (rich) your vocabulary will be. 答案：1. prouder 2. wider 3. most amazing 4. highest 5. richer 5. 代词 考点： · 人称代词主格 vs 宾格 - 主格（作主语）：I, you, he, she, it, we, they 例：______ (he) is my teacher. → He - 宾格（作宾语）：me, you, him, her, it, us, them 例：Please help ______ (we). → us · 物主代词（形容词性 vs 名词性） - 形容词性（后接名词）：my, your, his, her, its, our, their - 名词性（不接名词）：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 例：This is ______ (she) book. → her 例：This book is ______ (she). → hers · 反身代词（强调/固定搭配） myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 考点1：固定搭配（高频！必背） - by oneself 独自地 - enjoy oneself 玩得开心 - help oneself to 自取（食物等） 考点2：强调主语/宾语 例：I finished the work ______ (I). → myself · 不定代词 some/any, no/none, all/both, either/neither, one/ones 规则： 1. some 用于肯定句；any 用于否定句 2. none 指“三者及以上都不”；neither 指“两者都不” 3. 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 例：______ (everyone) like this movie. → likes 限时训练： 1. The teacher gave ______ (we) a lot of help. 2. This is not my pen. ______ (I) is blue. 3. There are many books on the desk, but ______ (one) is mine. 4. _______ (either) of the two books is interesting. 5. As the song goes, this long and winding road will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ______ (I). 6. Data about the moon’s composition... could help China decide whether ______ (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical. 7. Her house was a reflection of ________ (she). 8. Visitors imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in history. 答案：1. us 2. Mine 3. none 4. Neither 5. mine 6. its 7. herself 8. themselves （二）无提示词 1. 冠词——a/an/the · 首次提到、泛指一个 → a/an 辅音音素开头 → a a university, a useful book - 元音音素开头 → an an hour, an honest boy · 特指、上文提过、独一无二 → the · 固定搭配 → 记就完事 必加 a/an - have a rest / have a try / do a favor - in a hurry / as a result - at a loss / once in a while 必加 the - in the morning / in the end - the same as / the day before yesterday - by the way 注意：空格后面是名词且前面没有限定词时，需填冠词。 限时训练： 1. I did ____ search for it on my phone. 2. Nowadays, there is ____ trend that people tend to live alone. 3. Of ____ three questions, the first one is the easiest. 4. She is ____ most famous dancer in our city. 5. When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ____ joke. 6. My best friend is ____ honest girl. 答案：1. a 2. a 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. an 2. 介词 考点： · 固定搭配 to 高频搭配 1. look forward to 期待 2. pay attention to 注意 3. get / be used to 习惯于 4. devote… to 献身于 5. be native to 原产于 6. get close to 接近 7. prefer A to B 偏爱A胜过B 8. the key to ……的关键 9. the answer to ……的答案 10. be related to 与……相关 of 高频搭配 1. be fond of 喜欢 2. be proud of 为……骄傲 3. dream of 梦想 4. think of 想到；考虑 5. because of 因为 6. instead of 而不是 7. be afraid of 害怕 8. be aware of 意识到 for 高频搭配 1. apply for 申请 2. ask for 请求；索要 3. wait for 等待 4. thank sb for 因……感谢 5. be famous for 因……出名 6. be responsible for 对……负责 7. prepare for 为……准备 in 高频搭配 1. be interested in 对……感兴趣 2. succeed in doing 成功做成 3. take part in 参加 4. believe in 信任；信仰 5. result in 导致 6. in addition to 除……之外 7. in charge of 负责；掌管 on 高频搭配 1. depend on 依靠；取决于 2. concentrate on 集中精力 3. comment on 评论 4. operate on 给……做手术 with 高频搭配 1. be popular with 受……欢迎 2. be busy with 忙于 3. help sb with sth 在某方面帮助 4. be satisfied with 对……满意 5. compare A with B 把A和B比较 from 高频搭配 1. be different from 与……不同 2. prevent… from 阻止 3. protect… from 保护 4. learn from 向……学习 by / as / about 高频搭配 1. by accident / chance 偶然 2. by mistake 错误地 3. regard… as 把……看作 4. treat… as 把……当作 5. care about 关心；在乎 6. worry about 担心 常用固定短语 1. at least 至少 2. at first 起初 3. at last 最后 4. in general 总的来说 5. on purpose 故意地 6. in trouble 处于困境中 · 时间地点 1. 年份/月份/季节/早中晚 → in in 2026, in May, in spring, in the morning 2. 具体日期/星期/节日 → on on Monday, on May 1st 3. 具体时刻 → at at 7:00, at noon, at night 4. 方式/手段/交通工具 → by by bus, by email, by hand 3. 连词 and, but, so, or, while, for 两句相连缺连接 → 连词 顺承and，转折but 结果so，选择or 对比while，原因for 4. 从句 英语当中，有三大从句：形容词性从句（定语从句），名词性从句，副词性从句（状语从句）。 其中： · 形容词性从句（定语从句） 包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 结构—先行词（多为名词） + 关系词 + 句子 关系词分为关系代词（that/who/whom/which/whose/as）和关系副词（when/where/why）。 解题步骤： 有两个或两个以上谓语动词——连词/从句 1. 缺主要成分—从句 空格前是名词—定语从句 缺主语—人—who/that 缺主语—物—which/that 2. 不缺主要成分—连词/从句 a. 空格前是名词—定语从句 地点—where 时间—when 原因(reason)—why 从属关系—whose b. 以上不符考虑连词 补充说明：只用 that 不用 which 的 6 种情况 1. 先行词是不定代词 all, much, little, few, something, anything等 2. 先行词被序数词修饰 first, second, last, next 等 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most beautiful 等 4. 先行词被 the very, the only, the same修饰 5. 先行词既有人又有物 6. 主句是以 who / which 开头的特殊疑问句 避免重复，只用 that。 · 名词性从句 包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 名词性从句 定义 引导词 补充 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常位于句首，有时用it作形式主语。 that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how。 高频固定句型 1. It is + 形容词 + that… - It is clear/obvious/true/certain that… - It is important/necessary/natural that… - It is surprising/strange that… 2. It is + 名词 + that… - It is a fact/pity/shame that… - It is no wonder that… 3. It is + 过去分词 + that… - It is said/reported/believed/thought that… 4. It + 不及物动词 + that… - It happened/turned out that… 宾语从句 在复合句中充当动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句，位于谓语动词或介词后。 that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how。 只能用 whether，不能用 if： - 后面紧跟 or not I don’t know whether he will come or not. - 前面是介词 It depends on whether he is free. - 后面是 to do I don’t know whether to go. 表语从句 在复合句中充当表语的从句，位于系动词之后，对主语进行说明。 that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how, because, as if/though。 because / why 区别： That is why… 那就是……的原因（表结果） That is because… 那是因为……（表原因） 同位语从句 对名词或代词的内容进行具体解释说明的从句，通常跟在fact、news等抽象名词后。 that, whether, what, who, which, when, where, why, how。 同位语从句：解释名词内容，that 不做成分 The news that our team won is true. 定语从句：修饰名词，that 在从句中做主 / 宾 The news that he told me is true.（told 缺宾语） 判断技巧： 把 that 从句去掉，句子意思完整 → 同位语从句 去掉后意思不完整 → 定语从句 解题策略： 一断：是不是名词性从句 看到句子作主语、宾语、表语、同位语 → 都是名词性从句 二看：从句完不完整 1. 从句结构完整且意思完整（不缺主、宾、表） - 陈述事实 → 填 that - 表“是否” → 填 whether（主语/表语/同位语从句不用 if） 2. 从句结构完整但意思不完整（缺状语） - 时间 → when - 地点 → where - 原因 → why - 方式 → how 3. 从句不完整（缺主、宾、表） - 指“……的事/物” → what - 指人 → who / whom - 表所属“谁的” → whose - 有选择范围“哪一个” → which · 副词性从句（状语从句） 包括时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、方式、让步、比较状语从句。 时间状语从句 - when：当……时候（可短暂/可延续） - while：当……时（延续动作）；然而（对比） - as：随着；一边……一边 - before：在……之前；才；就 - after：在……之后 - since：自从；既然 - until / till：直到 - once：一旦 固定句型 1. be about to do… when… 正要做……这时（突然）…… 2. be doing… when… 正在做……这时…… 3. had done… when… 刚做完……就…… 4. It is / has been + 时间段 + since… 自从……已经多久了 5. not… until… 直到……才…… 6. It will be + 时间段 + before… 要过多久才…… 地点状语从句 - where：在……地方 条件状语从句 - if：如果 - unless：除非（= if … not） - once：一旦 目的状语从句 - so that：为了 - in order that 原因状语从句 - because：因为（直接原因） - as：由于（显而易见） - since：既然（已知事实） 结果状语从句 - so…that… - such…that… 如此……以至于 方式状语从句 - as：按照；像 让步状语从句 - though / although：虽然 - while：虽然（放句首） - even if / even though：即使（多为有提示 词或短语，纯空格少考） - as （部分倒装） As部分倒装总结 1.形容词/过去分词/名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词 如：a. Tired as he is, he offers to help me. b. Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it. c. Student as he is, he does not study hard. 2.副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分 如：Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 3.动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词） 如：Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 比较状语从句 - than：比 - as：和……一样 （as adj./adv. as…） （not as/so +adj./adv. +as 不如......） 5. 固定用法 · 强调句型 结构 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who … （被强调是人且作主语时可用 who，其余一律用 that） 真题例句 It was last night that I saw the accident. It is you that / who are to blame. · there be 句型 1. There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…… 2. There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事 3. There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义 4. There is no possibility that… ……是不可能的 5. There is no denying that… 不可否认…….  · 形式宾语 it 结构 主语 + think/find/feel + it + adj. + to do 例句 I find it easy to learn English grammar. We think it our duty to help others. · too … to … 结构 too + adj./adv. + to do 太……而不能…… 例句 The box is too heavy to carry.  · 一……就…… 结构 hardly / scarcely … when … no sooner … than … （主句—过去完成时；从句—一般过去时） 例句 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. · can’t … too … 再……也不为过 例句 You can’t be too careful when crossing the street. 3、 易错总结 （一）有提示词 · 动词变副词：需要先变成形容词，再变成副词 1. care → careful → carefully 仔细地 2. help → helpful → helpfully 有帮助地 3. use → useful → usefully 有用地 4. succeed → successful → successfully 成功地 5. act → active → actively 积极地 6. wonder → wonderful → wonderfully 极好地 7. forget → forgetful → forgetfully 健忘地 8. hope → hopeful → hopefully 满怀希望地 9. peace → peaceful → peacefully 平静地 10. power → powerful → powerfully 强有力地 11. create → creative → creatively 有创造力地 12. attract → attractive → attractively 吸引人地 13. talk → talkative → talkatively 健谈地 14. differ → different → differently 不同地 15. thank → thankful → thankfully 感激地 · 看到 than，一定用比较级。 · as…as 中间必须原级 不能加 er，不能加 more - as good as - as carefully as · 区分动词的过去式和过去分词 过去式（did） 作用：作谓语 特征： 1. 前面 直接跟主语 2. 前面 没有 be / have / has / had 3. 翻译：主动做了…… 例句： He finished his homework.（finished 是谓语） 过去分词（done） 作用： - 被动：be done - 完成：have done - 非谓语（定语/状语） 特征： 1. 前面常有 be / have / has / had 2. 不能单独作谓语 3. 翻译：被…… / 已经…… 例句： The work was finished. （被动 → done） He has finished. （完成 → done） （二）无提示词 1. while 词义 “当……时” 然而（表对比） 虽然（放句首） 2. 非限不用 that 3. a/an的选择 an hour an honest boy a university/uniform a useful thing 4、 实战演练 （一）The world’s first solar magnetic-field (磁场) telescope operating in the mid-infrared wavelength (中红外波长) range has     1     (official) become operational after gaining government     2     (approve), marking a major breakthrough in solar magnetic field research. The telescope, known as the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun, or AIMS, is located in Lenghu township, Qinghai province,    3      an average altitude of about 4,000 meters. AIMS’ development addresses a long-standing bottleneck in the century-old history of solar magnetic field measurements by achieving     4     leap from indirect to direct measurement. The telescope reduces the impact of high environmental background noise in the mid-infrared wavelength range.     5     (combine) with cooling technologies, this design improves the precision of magnetic field measurements. In addition, the team has invented a new way     6     (adjust) polarized light (偏振光) and built a mirror-only instrument,     7     prevents unwanted polarization effects from affecting their results. The telescope     8     (expect) to operate year round. Weather     9     (permit), it will have an anticipated 250 days of observation annually. The data collected will support fundamental research in solar physics and advance studies in space weather forecast. And the researchers further plan to collaborate with some leading international teams to maximize its     10      (science) impact. （二）Bent over a bright vase of pink peonies (牡丹), a young craftsman guided his painting tool in patient and practiced circles at a factory in Beijing, 1 (breathe) new life into China’s cloisonné (掐丝珐琅) tradition. The art, dating from the Yuan Dynasty, is 2 (quiet) evolving through the hands of young artists who bring fresh ideas to an ancient craft. “Cloisonné has always been about 3 (adapt),” said Zhong Liansheng, chief craft artist at the factory. Under his guidance, well-designed 4 (symbol) and fine craftsmanship have helped cloisonné bridge traditional and modern styles. In recent years, cloisonné pieces have been chosen as national gifts at major diplomatic (外交) events. It reflects both artistic excellence and 5 (culture) confidence. The craft’s rising appeal is part of a broader rejuvenation of traditional skills across China, 6 has been promoted by national policy. This includes guidelines that 7 (issue) in 2017, calling for the preservation of heritage and the integration of traditional culture into daily life. Fueled by government support that enables a new generation 8 (explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity. The impact is visible nationwide: more than 11,000 workshops have been established, safeguarding traditional crafts while also creating jobs 9 strengthening local communities. As of March this year, the number of national-level heritage guardians had amounted 10 nearly 4,000. 答案： （一）1.officially 2. approval 3. at 4.a 5.Combined 6. to adjust 7. which 8. is expected 9. permitting 10. scientific （二）1. breathing 2. quietly 3. adaptation/adaption 4. symbols 5.cultural 6. which 7. were issued 8. to explore 9. and 10. to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $