Unit 5 Great inventions 一般过去时的被动语态-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（冀教版）

该初中英语单元学习任务单以“Great inventions”为主题，聚焦一般过去时的被动语态，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，结合结构总表（含肯定/否定/疑问句式及例句）、用法考点总表（覆盖用法、标志词、考点），构建从语法规则到语用能力的完整学习路径。 亮点在于语法学习与发明主题深度融合，设计单句语法填空（15题）、完成句子填空（15题）巩固结构运用，6篇阅读理解（含自然奇迹、环保等主题）提升语用能力，培养语言能力和思维品质，同时渗透文化意识。每部分配套典型例句和注意事项，为学生提供系统复习支架，也为教师单元教学提供清晰的实施框架。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Great inventions（新教材冀教版） （一般过去时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：一般过去时被动语态结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配套例句，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built last year. 否定句 主语 + was/were not + 过去分词 The bridge wasn’t built last year. 一般疑问 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 Was the bridge built last year? 特殊疑问 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 When was the bridge built? 使用注意事项 1. 主语单数用 was，主语复数用 were，be 动词必须用过去式。 例句：The rooms were cleaned yesterday. 2. 过去分词要准确，不规则动词需牢记：build→built，invent→invented。 例句：The car was made in 1998. 二：一般过去时被动语态用法 & 考点总表 本表覆盖用法、标志词、常考考点，完全贴合教材考点。 用法 时间标志 核心考点 典型例句 过去被动动作 yesterday/ago/just now 主语为动作承受者 The letter was sent yesterday. 过去被建立 / 发明 in 1980 / in 1921 发明、建造、成立 The PRC was founded in 1949. 感官 / 使役动词被动 make/see/hear 被动语态还原 to He was seen to go out. 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时被动语态只用于过去发生的被动动作，不能和现在时间连用。 例句：The house was built in 2000. 2. 感官 / 使役动词主动语态省 to，被动语态必须加回 to。 例句：He was made to work late. 3. 不规则过去分词必须背熟：find→found，build→built，send→sent。 例句：The message was sent just now. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. The computer ________ (invent) many years ago. 2. Basketball ________ (invent) in 1891 by James Naismith. 3. Many trees ________ (plant) on the hills last spring. 4. The book ________ (write) by a famous writer last year. 5. He ________ (ask) to help with the project yesterday. 6. The car ________ (make) in Germany in 2010. 7. The window ________ (break) by a boy just now. 8. They ________ (invite) to the party last weekend. 9. The story ________ (tell) in class yesterday morning. 10. The PRC ________ (found) on October 1st, 1949. 11. The work ________ (finish) before supper yesterday. 12. The letter ________ (send) to his parents last week. 13. Many people ________ (save) in the accident last year. 14. The bridge ________ (build) in 1998. 15. She ________ (see) to go into the room just now. 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这辆车是去年生产的。 The car ________ ________ last year. 2. 昨天教室被打扫干净了。 The classroom ________ ________ yesterday. 3. 电话是贝尔发明的。 The telephone ________ ________ by Bell. 4. 上周我们被老师告知了消息。 We ________ ________ the news by the teacher last week. 5. 中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年。 The PRC ________ ________ in 1949. 6. 昨天我被要求早点来。 I ________ ________ to come early yesterday. 7. 去年很多新房子被建起来。 Many new houses ________ ________ last year. 8. 他被看见进了教室。 He ________ ________ ________ into the classroom. 9. 这封信昨天被寄走了。 The letter ________ ________ yesterday. 10. 事故是昨天发生的。 The accident ________ ________ yesterday. 11. 门刚才被锁上了。 The door ________ ________ just now. 12. 这些书是上个世纪写的。 These books ________ ________ last century. 13. 会议昨天被推迟了。 The meeting ________ ________ yesterday. 14. 他昨晚被妈妈惩罚了。 He ________ ________ by his mother last night. 15. 这些树是三年前种的。 These trees ________ ________ three years ago. 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Passage 1 Nature is full of wonders. The world has many amazing places that 1 us. One of the most famous wonders is the Great Barrier Reef. It lies off the coast of Australia. It is the world’s largest coral reef system. The reef is made up of 2 of coral reefs and is home to thousands of sea animals. Another famous natural wonder is the Grand Canyon. It is in the United States. The Colorado River 3 the canyon for millions of years. The canyon is very deep and wide. The walls of the canyon show different 4 of rocks. People can learn about the earth’s history by 5 at them. The Amazon Rainforest is also a great wonder. It is the largest rainforest in the world. It has 6 plants and animals. Many of them are not found anywhere else on earth. The rainforest is very important 7 it helps to keep the earth’s air clean. Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. It is very 8 . Many climbers try to climb it. It is a challenge for them. These natural wonders are 9 . We should protect them. If we don’t, we may never see them again. Let’s take action to 10 our natural world. 1．A．surprise B．surprises C．surprising D．surprised 2．A．thousand B．thousands C．a thousand D．thousand of 3．A．cut B．cuts C．has cut D．is cutting 4．A．colors B．sizes C．shapes D．kinds 5．A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 6．A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of 7．A．because B．so C．but D．or 8．A．low B．high C．short D．small 9．A．dangerous B．beautiful C．useless D．common 10．A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected Passage 2 As a member of a family of beekeepers, 11-year-old Markela is also good at keeping bees. She helps her grandfather 1 the bees every weekend. She dreams of becoming a beekeeper, but the terrible weather makes her 2 that her dream is hard to come true. In her country, terrible weather happens much more often than before. Long-lasting 3 means there are fewer rainy days in summer. Together with the dry weather, the temperatures there 4 to a high level. Last June and July were the 5 in history. The hot and dry weather made plants in the forests catch fire easily. With strong winds, wildfires spread (蔓延) quickly. Few flowers survived after the fires, 6 the amount (数量) of honey fell a lot. Wildfires also 7 many other problems. Because of the fires, a large number of people lost their houses and even their lives. Thousands of them had to leave their homes for 8 places. Markela and her family don’t move away. However, they are worried that a fire could 9 happen to them because they live close to the forest. Sadly, a 10 says that children like Markela will experience three times more climate disasters than their grandparents. Markela has to face this fact. Her dream may not come true, and she needs to find another way out. 1. A．wake up B．look after C．deal with D．search for 2. A．interview B．explain C．realize D．develop 3. A．typhoon B．snowstorm C．earthquake D．drought 4. A．rise B．fall C．raise D．add 5. A．coolest B．shortest C．longest D．hottest 6. A．so B．but C．if D．though 7. A．accepted B．caused C．rescued D．answered 8. A．darker B．safer C．quieter D．cleaner 9. A．hardly B．actually C．slowly D．possibly 10. A．postcard B．rule C．report D．standard Passage 3 I was 38 when I became the first Chinese person to go into space on the Shenzhou-5, on October 15, 2003. It made China the third country to 1 send people into space with a manned spacecraft-after the U.S. and Russia. Being the first one, I realized (意识到) that I would take risks if I went into space. Even I thought I would not make it back 2 . When the rocket 3 to a height of about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it began to shake. There were “strange knocking 4 ” from outside the spacecraft that made my ears uncomfortable. Then a(n) 5 happened. It seemed something was shaking my body. It made my heart beat 6 . I thought I was going to die. The painful moment 7 for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, I felt like I had been reborn. After 8 from space, I reported the accident and the scientists solved the problem before Shenzhou-6 set off. So everything went well when Nie Haisheng 9 his spacesuit (太空服) and flew into space during his first trip to space. A number of new technologies have also been used in the cabin (机舱) later, such as space Wi-Fi, phones and many kinds of space 10 to eat. Spacemen can also hold several Tiangong classes. 1. A．usually B．rudely C．successfully D．personally 2. A．asleep B．alone C．alive D．away 3. A．landed B．lifted C．fell D．dreamed 4. A．sounds B．words C．videos D．games 5. A．storm B．meeting C．accident D．story 6. A．lower B．better C．faster D．higher 7. A．stopped B．lasted C．flew D．looked 8. A．leaving B．starting C．reaching D．returning 9. A．held on B．called on C．tried on D．put on 10. A．messages B．services C．foods D．games Passage 4 Spring is a wonderful season of the year. It is the time when the weather gets warmer and the days get longer. Everything begins to come back to 1 . The trees turn green, and beautiful flowers begin to 2 . People like to go outside to enjoy the warm sunshine and breathe the fresh 3 after a long cold winter. Last weekend, our school organized a special 4 trip. We went to the countryside to plant trees. When we arrived there, the teacher told us how to plant a tree properly. First, we had to dig a 5 in the ground. It shouldn’t be too deep or too shallow. Then, we carefully put the small 6 into it. After that, we filled it with dirt and 7 the dirt down with our feet to make it strong. Finally, we watered the tree to help it grow. Planting trees is very important because trees can 8 the environment from pollution. They can also prevent the wind from blowing the soil away. Although we felt a little tired after working for a long time, we were very 9 . We knew that our hard work would make a difference to the earth. If everyone plants a tree in spring, our world will become much more 10 in the future. Let’s take action right now! 1. A．sleep B．school C．life D．work 2. A．drop B．freeze C．fall D．blossom 3. A．air B．water C．dirt D．dust 4. A．dream B．field C．shopping D．business 5. A．hole B．house C．well D．road 6. A．root B．branch C．seedling D．leaf 7. A．took B．pressed C．pulled D．turned 8. A．break B．save C．protect D．discover 9. A．happy B．bored C．sorry D．sad 10. A．noisy B．beautiful C．dirty D．terrible Passage 5 Different colors usually affect people’s mood (情绪). What is your favorite color? Orange and red are light and bright colors. Do you like these colors? An orange room can make most people feel cheerful and relaxed. A red dress 1 warmth and pleasure to the sad winter days. These colors make people not only happier 2 more active in their work. What 3 do you think most people would like? I think blue will be popular. Blue means peace and kindness. People don’t like wars. Blue will make people remember to keep the world 4 . Some people think 5 will be popular because they think green is the color of nature. Now the environmental problem is very 6 . People are thinking more about how to protect the environment. When people 7 green clothes, they will keep the environment in their hearts and try to make the environment better. Yellow will be 8 popular color. Why will it be popular? People are very busy these days because they have a lot of things to do. Yellow is a soft color and it can make people feel 9 . Most people think black will be the most popular color. It always 10 cool. It’s a kind of popular color these days. 1. A．carries B．takes C．brings D．affords 2. A．also B．but also C．as well D．too 3. A．class B．time C．day D．color 4. A．in danger B．in peace C．in public D．in trouble 5. A．green B．brown C．red D．white 6. A．rich B．dangerous C．smart D．serious 7. A．put on B．dress C．wear D．take off 8. A．the other B．another C．others D．other 9. A．relaxed B．surprised C．interested D．tired 10. A．smells B．tastes C．looks D．sounds Passage 6 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and tsunamis, can happen suddenly and cause terrible 1 . Among them, earthquakes are one of the most dangerous disasters in the world. So, it is very 2 for us to learn how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. If you are indoors, you should quickly drop to the ground, take cover 3 a strong desk or table, and hold on to it tightly until the shaking 4 . Do not run outside in a hurry or use the lift. Stay away from windows and 5 furniture that could fall on you. If you are outdoors, try to move to a clear, 6 area quickly. Keep away from buildings, streetlights and tall trees. If you are driving a car, you should 7 to a safe place immediately and stay inside. When the earthquake is finally over, you may think it is completely safe. But not exactly. You must keep an eye out for 8 disasters, such as fires, floods or landslides. Do not use your phone to call friends unless it's a real emergency, because too many calls will bring 9 the phone system. Always stay calm and take action to help others if you can. Being well-prepared and knowing these 10 safety tips will definitely save your life. 1. A．luck B．destruction C．happiness D．meaning 2. A．difficult B．impossible C．important D．careless 3. A．under B．over C．above D．on 4. A．starts B．stops C．begins D．continues 5. A．light B．comfortable C．soft D．heavy 6. A．crowded B．open C．busy D．closed 7. A．pull over B．turn over C．fall over D．look over 8. A．primary B．natural C．secondary D．normal 9. A．up B．down C．out D．in 10. A．boring B．useless C．basic D．awful 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Great inventions（新教材冀教版） （一般过去时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：一般过去时被动语态结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配套例句，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built last year. 否定句 主语 + was/were not + 过去分词 The bridge wasn’t built last year. 一般疑问 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 Was the bridge built last year? 特殊疑问 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 When was the bridge built? 使用注意事项 1. 主语单数用 was，主语复数用 were，be 动词必须用过去式。 例句：The rooms were cleaned yesterday. 2. 过去分词要准确，不规则动词需牢记：build→built，invent→invented。 例句：The car was made in 1998. 二：一般过去时被动语态用法 & 考点总表 本表覆盖用法、标志词、常考考点，完全贴合教材考点。 用法 时间标志 核心考点 典型例句 过去被动动作 yesterday/ago/just now 主语为动作承受者 The letter was sent yesterday. 过去被建立 / 发明 in 1980 / in 1921 发明、建造、成立 The PRC was founded in 1949. 感官 / 使役动词被动 make/see/hear 被动语态还原 to He was seen to go out. 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时被动语态只用于过去发生的被动动作，不能和现在时间连用。 例句：The house was built in 2000. 2. 感官 / 使役动词主动语态省 to，被动语态必须加回 to。 例句：He was made to work late. 3. 不规则过去分词必须背熟：find→found，build→built，send→sent。 例句：The message was sent just now. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. The computer ________ (invent) many years ago. 答案：was invented 解析：句意：计算机多年前被发明。many years ago 是过去时标志，主语单数用 was invented。 2. Basketball ________ (invent) in 1891 by James Naismith. 答案：was invented 解析：句意：篮球在 1891 年被发明。in 1891 表过去，用一般过去时被动语态。 3. Many trees ________ (plant) on the hills last spring. 答案：were planted 解析：句意：去年春天很多树被种在山上。last spring 表过去，主语复数用 were planted。 4. The book ________ (write) by a famous writer last year. 答案：was written 解析：句意：这本书去年被一位著名作家写成。last year 是过去标志，write 过去分词为 written。 5. He ________ (ask) to help with the project yesterday. 答案：was asked 解析：句意：他昨天被要求帮忙这个项目。yesterday 表过去，用被动 was asked。 6. The car ________ (make) in Germany in 2010. 答案：was made 解析：句意：这辆车 2010 年在德国制造。in 2010 是过去时间，用被动 was made。 7. The window ________ (break) by a boy just now. 答案：was broken 解析：句意：窗户刚才被一个男孩打破。just now 是过去标志，用被动 was broken。 8. They ________ (invite) to the party last weekend. 答案：were invited 解析：句意：他们上周末被邀请参加派对。last weekend 表过去，主语复数用 were invited。 9. The story ________ (tell) in class yesterday morning. 答案：was told 解析：句意：这个故事昨天早上在课堂上被讲述。yesterday morning 表过去，用被动。 10. The PRC ________ (found) on October 1st, 1949. 答案：was founded 解析：句意：中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年 10 月 1 日。found 过去分词为 founded。 11. The work ________ (finish) before supper yesterday. 答案：was finished 解析：句意：这项工作昨天晚饭前被完成。yesterday 表过去，用被动 was finished。 12. The letter ________ (send) to his parents last week. 答案：was sent 解析：句意：这封信上周被寄给他父母。last week 表过去，send 过去分词为 sent。 13. Many people ________ (save) in the accident last year. 答案：were saved 解析：句意：很多人在去年事故中被救。last year 表过去，主语复数用 were saved。 14. The bridge ________ (build) in 1998. 答案：was built 解析：句意：这座桥 1998 年被建造。in 1998 表过去，build 过去分词为 built。 15. She ________ (see) to go into the room just now. 答案：was seen 解析：句意：她刚才被看见走进房间。感官动词被动语态要还原 to，用 was seen。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这辆车是去年生产的。 The car ________ ________ last year. 答案：was made 解析：句意：这辆车去年被生产。last year 是过去标志，主语单数用 was made。 2. 昨天教室被打扫干净了。 The classroom ________ ________ yesterday. 答案：was cleaned 解析：句意：教室昨天被打扫。yesterday 表过去，用一般过去时被动语态。 3. 电话是贝尔发明的。 The telephone ________ ________ by Bell. 答案：was invented 解析：句意：电话由贝尔发明。invent 过去分词为 invented，用过去时被动。 4. 上周我们被老师告知了消息。 We ________ ________ the news by the teacher last week. 答案：were told 解析：句意：我们上周被老师告知消息。last week 表过去，主语复数用 were told。 5. 中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年。 The PRC ________ ________ in 1949. 答案：was founded 解析：句意：中华人民共和国 1949 年成立。found 表示 “建立”，过去分词为 founded。 6. 昨天我被要求早点来。 I ________ ________ to come early yesterday. 答案：was asked 解析：句意：我昨天被要求早点来。yesterday 表过去，用被动 was asked。 7. 去年很多新房子被建起来。 Many new houses ________ ________ last year. 答案：were built 解析：句意：很多新房去年被建造。last year 表过去，主语复数用 were built。 8. 他被看见进了教室。 He ________ ________ ________ into the classroom. 答案：was seen to go 解析：句意：他被看见进教室。感官动词被动语态必须加 to，用 was seen to go。 9. 这封信昨天被寄走了。 The letter ________ ________ yesterday. 答案：was sent 解析：句意：信昨天被寄出。send 过去分词为 sent，用过去时被动。 10. 事故是昨天发生的。 The accident ________ ________ yesterday. 答案：was caused 解析：句意：事故昨天被造成。accident 作主语，用被动 was caused。 11. 门刚才被锁上了。 The door ________ ________ just now. 答案：was locked 解析：句意：门刚才被锁。just now 是过去标志，用被动 was locked。 12. 这些书是上个世纪写的。 These books ________ ________ last century. 答案：were written 解析：句意：这些书上个世纪被写。last century 表过去，主语复数用 were written。 13. 会议昨天被推迟了。 The meeting ________ ________ yesterday. 答案：was put off 解析：句意：会议昨天被推迟。put 过去分词为 put，用被动 was put off。 14. 他昨晚被妈妈惩罚了。 He ________ ________ by his mother last night. 答案：was punished 解析：句意：他昨晚被妈妈惩罚。last night 表过去，用被动 was punished。 15. 这些树是三年前种的。 These trees ________ ________ three years ago. 答案：were planted 解析：句意：这些树三年前被种植。three years ago 表过去，主语复数用 were planted。 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Passage 1 Nature is full of wonders. The world has many amazing places that 1 us. One of the most famous wonders is the Great Barrier Reef. It lies off the coast of Australia. It is the world’s largest coral reef system. The reef is made up of 2 of coral reefs and is home to thousands of sea animals. Another famous natural wonder is the Grand Canyon. It is in the United States. The Colorado River 3 the canyon for millions of years. The canyon is very deep and wide. The walls of the canyon show different 4 of rocks. People can learn about the earth’s history by 5 at them. The Amazon Rainforest is also a great wonder. It is the largest rainforest in the world. It has 6 plants and animals. Many of them are not found anywhere else on earth. The rainforest is very important 7 it helps to keep the earth’s air clean. Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. It is very 8 . Many climbers try to climb it. It is a challenge for them. These natural wonders are 9 . We should protect them. If we don’t, we may never see them again. Let’s take action to 10 our natural world. 1．A．surprise B．surprises C．surprising D．surprised 2．A．thousand B．thousands C．a thousand D．thousand of 3．A．cut B．cuts C．has cut D．is cutting 4．A．colors B．sizes C．shapes D．kinds 5．A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 6．A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of 7．A．because B．so C．but D．or 8．A．low B．high C．short D．small 9．A．dangerous B．beautiful C．useless D．common 10．A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了世界几大自然奇观，包括大堡礁、科罗拉多大峡谷、亚马逊雨林和珠穆朗玛峰，并呼吁人们保护自然。 1．句意：世界上有许多令人惊叹的地方，让我们感到惊奇。 先行词places为复数，定语从句谓语动词用原形。 2．句意：礁石由成千上万的珊瑚礁组成。 固定搭配 thousands of 表示“成千上万的”。 3．句意：科罗拉多河已经切割峡谷数百万年。 时间状语for millions of years提示用现在完成时。 4．句意：峡谷的岩壁呈现出不同的岩石颜色。 根据地理常识和上下文，科罗拉多大峡谷的岩壁因不同地质时期而呈现不同颜色，colors符合。 5．句意：人们可以通过观察它们了解地球历史。 介词by后接动名词形式。 6．句意：它有数百万的动植物。 固定搭配millions of表示 “数百万的”。 7．句意：雨林很重要，因为它有助于保持地球空气洁净。 前后句为因果关系，此处表示原因，because符合。 8．句意：它非常高。 根据常识，珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。high意为“高的”，符合语境。 9．句意：这些自然奇观很美。 根据下文“We should protect them.”，可知这些自然奇观是美好的、值得保护的。beautiful意为“美丽的”，符合语境。 10．句意：让我们采取行动保护我们的自然界。 固定搭配take action to do sth.意为“采取行动做某事”，不定式作目的状语。 Passage 2 As a member of a family of beekeepers, 11-year-old Markela is also good at keeping bees. She helps her grandfather 1 the bees every weekend. She dreams of becoming a beekeeper, but the terrible weather makes her 2 that her dream is hard to come true. In her country, terrible weather happens much more often than before. Long-lasting 3 means there are fewer rainy days in summer. Together with the dry weather, the temperatures there 4 to a high level. Last June and July were the 5 in history. The hot and dry weather made plants in the forests catch fire easily. With strong winds, wildfires spread (蔓延) quickly. Few flowers survived after the fires, 6 the amount (数量) of honey fell a lot. Wildfires also 7 many other problems. Because of the fires, a large number of people lost their houses and even their lives. Thousands of them had to leave their homes for 8 places. Markela and her family don’t move away. However, they are worried that a fire could 9 happen to them because they live close to the forest. Sadly, a 10 says that children like Markela will experience three times more climate disasters than their grandparents. Markela has to face this fact. Her dream may not come true, and she needs to find another way out. 1. A．wake up B．look after C．deal with D．search for 2. A．interview B．explain C．realize D．develop 3. A．typhoon B．snowstorm C．earthquake D．drought 4. A．rise B．fall C．raise D．add 5. A．coolest B．shortest C．longest D．hottest 6. A．so B．but C．if D．though 7. A．accepted B．caused C．rescued D．answered 8. A．darker B．safer C．quieter D．cleaner 9. A．hardly B．actually C．slowly D．possibly 10. A．postcard B．rule C．report D．standard 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍11岁的养蜂女孩Markela因气候变暖和野火频发，意识到自己成为养蜂人的梦想可能难以实现，也面临着和家人一样的安全担忧。 1. 句意：她每个周末都会帮爷爷照看蜜蜂。 根据前面的“Markela is also good at keeping bees”可知，Markela很擅长养蜂，因此此处指她每周末帮爷爷照看蜜蜂，用look after。wake up“醒来”、deal with“处理”和search for“寻找”均不符。 2. 句意：她梦想成为一名养蜂人，但恶劣的天气让她意识到，她的梦想很难实现。 结合“She dreams of becoming a beekeeper, but the terrible weather”以及常识可知，此处表达的是恶劣天气让她意识到自己的梦想很难实现，用realize。interview“采访”、explain“解释”和develop“发展”均不符。 3. 句意：持续的干旱意味着夏天的雨天更少。 根据“means there are fewer rainy days in summer”可知，这里指干旱，用drought。typhoon“台风”、snowstorm“暴风雪”和earthquake“地震”均不符。 4. 句意：加上干燥的天气，那里的气温上升到了很高的水平。 本句指气温“上升”到很高的水平，rise表示上升，是不及物动词，后面直接接to a high level。fall“下降”，不符合语境；raise是及物动词，后面要接宾语，故不符；add表示“把A加到B上”，不符合气温上升的用法。 5. 句意：去年六月和七月是历史上最热的月份。 根据后面的“The hot and dry weather”可知，这里指天气最热，用hottest。coolest“最凉爽的”、shortest“最短的”和longest“最长的”均不符。 6. 句意：灾后几乎没有花朵存活，所以蜂蜜的产量大幅下降。 前半句说“Few flowers survived after the fires”灾后几乎没有花朵存活，后半句说“the amount (数量) of honey fell a lot”蜂蜜的产量大幅下降，前后是因果关系，用连词so。but表示转折，if表示如果，though表示对比。 7. 句意：野火也造成了许多其他问题。 根据后一句“Because of the fires, a large number of people lost their houses and even their lives.”可知，野火不仅对养蜂有影响，还造成了其他问题，用caused表示“引起”。accepted“接受”、rescued“营救”和answered“回答，回应”均不符。 8. 句意：数千人不得不离开家园，前往更安全的地方。 根据前一句“a large number of people lost their houses and even their lives”可推知，此处指人们去更安全的地方，用safer。darker“更暗的”、quieter“更安静的”和cleaner“更干净的”均不符。 9. 句意：然而，他们担心火灾可能会发生在自己身上，因为他们住在离森林很近的地方。 根据“because they live close to the forest”可知，Markela和家人住得离森林很近，因此会担心自己也可能遭遇火灾，用possibly。hardly“几乎不”、actually“实际上”和slowly“缓慢地”均不符。 10. 句意：遗憾的是，一份报告指出，像 Markela 这样的孩子将经历比他们祖父母多三倍的气候灾害。 根据后面的“children like Markela will experience three times more climate disasters than their grandparents”可知，这是一份客观数据/研究结论，因此是出自一份报告，用report。postcard“明信片”、rule“规定”和standard“标准”均不符。 Passage 3 I was 38 when I became the first Chinese person to go into space on the Shenzhou-5, on October 15, 2003. It made China the third country to 1 send people into space with a manned spacecraft-after the U.S. and Russia. Being the first one, I realized (意识到) that I would take risks if I went into space. Even I thought I would not make it back 2 . When the rocket 3 to a height of about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it began to shake. There were “strange knocking 4 ” from outside the spacecraft that made my ears uncomfortable. Then a(n) 5 happened. It seemed something was shaking my body. It made my heart beat 6 . I thought I was going to die. The painful moment 7 for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, I felt like I had been reborn. After 8 from space, I reported the accident and the scientists solved the problem before Shenzhou-6 set off. So everything went well when Nie Haisheng 9 his spacesuit (太空服) and flew into space during his first trip to space. A number of new technologies have also been used in the cabin (机舱) later, such as space Wi-Fi, phones and many kinds of space 10 to eat. Spacemen can also hold several Tiangong classes. 1. A．usually B．rudely C．successfully D．personally 2. A．asleep B．alone C．alive D．away 3. A．landed B．lifted C．fell D．dreamed 4. A．sounds B．words C．videos D．games 5. A．storm B．meeting C．accident D．story 6. A．lower B．better C．faster D．higher 7. A．stopped B．lasted C．flew D．looked 8. A．leaving B．starting C．reaching D．returning 9. A．held on B．called on C．tried on D．put on 10. A．messages B．services C．foods D．games 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文讲述了作者作为中国首位进入太空的宇航员，在神舟五号任务中经历的惊险时刻，以及后续神舟六号任务中技术改进和太空生活的变化。 1. 句意：这使中国成为继美国和俄罗斯之后，第三个用载人飞船成功将人送入太空的国家。 根据上下文，神舟五号的成功发射标志着中国完成了载人航天任务。结合常识，只有“成功”将人送入太空才能被称为第三个国家。usually“通常”、rudely“粗鲁地”、personally“亲自地”均不符合语境。 2. 句意：甚至我觉得我可能无法活着回来了。 根据前文“I would take risks”以及后文描述的惊险场景，这里表达的是对生死的担忧。make it back alive意为“活着回来”。 3. 句意：当火箭升空到达离地面约30—40千米的高度时，我感到它开始震动。 火箭发射是向上运动的过程。lift在此处意为“升起、提升”。land“着陆”、fall“掉落”、dream“做梦”均与火箭发射升空的动作不符。 4. 句意：飞船外面有“奇怪的敲击声”，让我的耳朵很不舒服。 根据空前的“knocking”以及后文“made my ears uncomfortable”，可知此处指听到的声音，sound“声音”符合语境。 5. 句意：然后发生了一起事故。 根据下文“I reported the accident”可知，此处指发生了一起事故，应用accident。 6. 句意：它让我的心跳加速。 根据“painful moment”和“I thought I was going to die.”可知，身体受到剧烈震动，心跳应加快，heart beat faster意为“心跳加快”。 7. 句意：这痛苦的时刻持续了26秒。 根据“for 26 seconds”可知，这里表示时间段，应用last表示“持续”。 8. 句意：从太空返回后，我报告了这次事故。 根据“from space”可知，此处指从太空返回，应用returning。 9. 句意：所以当聂海胜第一次太空旅行时穿上太空服飞入太空时，一切都很顺利。 根据“his spacesuit and flew into space”可知，此处指穿上太空服，应用put on。held on“坚持”、called on“拜访”、tried on“试穿”均不符合语境。 10. 句意：许多新技术后来也被应用在机舱里，比如太空Wi-Fi、电话和各种各样的太空食品。 根据“to eat”可知，这里指的是可以“吃”的东西，即“食物”，foods符合语境。 Passage 4 Spring is a wonderful season of the year. It is the time when the weather gets warmer and the days get longer. Everything begins to come back to 1 . The trees turn green, and beautiful flowers begin to 2 . People like to go outside to enjoy the warm sunshine and breathe the fresh 3 after a long cold winter. Last weekend, our school organized a special 4 trip. We went to the countryside to plant trees. When we arrived there, the teacher told us how to plant a tree properly. First, we had to dig a 5 in the ground. It shouldn’t be too deep or too shallow. Then, we carefully put the small 6 into it. After that, we filled it with dirt and 7 the dirt down with our feet to make it strong. Finally, we watered the tree to help it grow. Planting trees is very important because trees can 8 the environment from pollution. They can also prevent the wind from blowing the soil away. Although we felt a little tired after working for a long time, we were very 9 . We knew that our hard work would make a difference to the earth. If everyone plants a tree in spring, our world will become much more 10 in the future. Let’s take action right now! 1. A．sleep B．school C．life D．work 2. A．drop B．freeze C．fall D．blossom 3. A．air B．water C．dirt D．dust 4. A．dream B．field C．shopping D．business 5. A．hole B．house C．well D．road 6. A．root B．branch C．seedling D．leaf 7. A．took B．pressed C．pulled D．turned 8. A．break B．save C．protect D．discover 9. A．happy B．bored C．sorry D．sad 10. A．noisy B．beautiful C．dirty D．terrible 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文讲述春天万物复苏，学校组织学生去乡下植树的过程和意义。 1. 句意：万物开始恢复生机。 春天万物复苏，“come back to life”为固定搭配，意为“恢复生机”。 2. 句意：树木变绿，美丽的花朵开始绽放。 根据语境，春天花朵会开放，“blossom”有“开花”之意，符合语境。drop“掉落”；freeze“冻结”；fall“落下”，均不符合。 3. 句意：在漫长寒冷的冬天之后，人们喜欢到外面享受温暖的阳光，呼吸新鲜的空气。 根据“breathe”可知，呼吸的应是空气，“air” (空气) 符合。 4. 句意：上周末，我们学校组织了一次特别的实地考察旅行。 根据后文“We went to the countryside to plant trees.”可知是去乡村的实地考察活动，“field trip”表示“实地考察旅行”，应用“field”。dream“梦想”；shopping“购物”；business“商业”，均不符合。 5. 句意：首先，我们必须在地上挖一个洞。 根据常识植树要先挖洞，“hole” (洞) 符合。house“房子”；well“井”；road“道路”，均不符合。 6. 句意：然后，我们小心地把小树苗放进去。 根据“plant trees”可知，这里应是放入树苗，“seedling”意为“树苗”，符合上下文。 7. 句意：之后，我们用泥土填满它，并用脚把泥土压下去，使它牢固。 根据“to make it strong”可知要使树牢固，需把泥土压实，“pressed”是“press”的过去式，意为“压”，符合上下文。 8. 句意：植树非常重要，因为树木可以保护环境免受污染。 “protect...from...”是固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”，这里说树木保护环境免受污染，应用“protect”。 9. 句意：虽然长时间工作后我们感到有点累，但我们非常开心。 根据“We knew that our hard work would make a difference to the earth.”可知大家知道自己的努力有意义，应是开心的，“happy” (开心的)符合。 10. 句意：如果每个人在春天种一棵树，我们的世界在未来会变得更加美丽。 根据前文描述植树的好处以及呼吁大家行动起来，可知种树会让世界更美丽，“beautiful”(美丽的)符合上下文。 Passage 5 Different colors usually affect people’s mood (情绪). What is your favorite color? Orange and red are light and bright colors. Do you like these colors? An orange room can make most people feel cheerful and relaxed. A red dress 1 warmth and pleasure to the sad winter days. These colors make people not only happier 2 more active in their work. What 3 do you think most people would like? I think blue will be popular. Blue means peace and kindness. People don’t like wars. Blue will make people remember to keep the world 4 . Some people think 5 will be popular because they think green is the color of nature. Now the environmental problem is very 6 . People are thinking more about how to protect the environment. When people 7 green clothes, they will keep the environment in their hearts and try to make the environment better. Yellow will be 8 popular color. Why will it be popular? People are very busy these days because they have a lot of things to do. Yellow is a soft color and it can make people feel 9 . Most people think black will be the most popular color. It always 10 cool. It’s a kind of popular color these days. 1. A．carries B．takes C．brings D．affords 2. A．also B．but also C．as well D．too 3. A．class B．time C．day D．color 4. A．in danger B．in peace C．in public D．in trouble 5. A．green B．brown C．red D．white 6. A．rich B．dangerous C．smart D．serious 7. A．put on B．dress C．wear D．take off 8. A．the other B．another C．others D．other 9. A．relaxed B．surprised C．interested D．tired 10. A．smells B．tastes C．looks D．sounds 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文介绍了不同颜色对人们情绪的影响，以及未来可能流行的颜色及其背后的原因。 1. 句意：一条红裙子给阴郁的冬日带来温暖和愉悦。 根据上下文，红色能传递积极的感受，此处需表达“带来”温暖和愉悦，应选C“brings”，表示“带来”，“bring sth. to...”意为“把某物带给……”，符合语境。“carries携带”、“takes带走”语义相反；“affords负担得起”与语境无关。 2. 句意：这些颜色不仅让人更快乐，而且在工作中更积极。 根据空格前出现的“not only”，需搭配固定结构，应选B“but also”，构成“not only...but also...”的固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”。 3. 句意：你认为大多数人会喜欢什么颜色？ 根据下文提到的“I think blue will be popular”，说明此处讨论的是“颜色”，应选用D“color”，表示“颜色”，与下文对蓝色的讨论相呼应。 4. 句意：蓝色会让人们记住要让世界保持和平。 根据上文提到的“Blue means peace and kindness. People don’t like wars”，说明蓝色与和平相关，应选B“in peace”，表示“和平地”，与“不喜欢战争”的语境呼应。“in danger处于危险中”、“in public公开地”、“in trouble处于困境中”均与蓝色的含义无关。 5. 句意：有些人认为绿色会流行，因为他们认为绿色是大自然的颜色。 根据下文出现的“because they think green is the color of nature”，直接点明讨论的颜色，应选A“green”，与下文直接对应自然的颜色。“brown棕色”、“red红色”、“white白色”均与“大自然的颜色”无关。 6. 句意：现在环境问题非常严重。 根据下文提到的“People are thinking more about how to protect the environment”，说明环境问题不容乐观，应选D“serious”，表示“严重的”，符合人们重视环保的背景。“rich富有的”、“dangerous危险的”、“smart聪明的”均与语境不符。 7. 句意：当人们穿绿色衣服时，他们会把环保记在心里。 根据空格后的“green clothes”，表示“穿着绿色衣服”的状态，应选C“wear”，表示“穿着”，强调状态，符合语境。put on穿上，强调动作；dress宾语通常为人；take off脱下，语义相反。 8. 句意：黄色将是另一种流行的颜色。 根据前文已介绍了红色、蓝色、绿色，此处引出新的颜色“黄色”，应选B“another”，表示“另一个”，泛指三者以上的另一个。the other两者中的另一个；others代词，后不接名词；other后接复数名词。 9. 句意：黄色是柔和的颜色，它能让人们感到放松。 根据上文提到的“People are very busy these days”，说明黄色能缓解忙碌带来的疲惫，应选A“relaxed”，表示“放松的”，与“柔和的颜色”和“忙碌”的语境呼应。“surprised惊讶的”、“interested感兴趣的”、“tired疲惫的”均与语境不符。 10. 句意：它（黑色）总是看起来很酷。 根据主语“It”指代黑色，此处描述其视觉效果，应选C“looks”，表示“看起来”，描述颜色给人的视觉感受。“smells闻起来”、“tastes尝起来”、“sounds听起来”均不符合颜色的描述方式 Passage 6 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and tsunamis, can happen suddenly and cause terrible 1 . Among them, earthquakes are one of the most dangerous disasters in the world. So, it is very 2 for us to learn how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. If you are indoors, you should quickly drop to the ground, take cover 3 a strong desk or table, and hold on to it tightly until the shaking 4 . Do not run outside in a hurry or use the lift. Stay away from windows and 5 furniture that could fall on you. If you are outdoors, try to move to a clear, 6 area quickly. Keep away from buildings, streetlights and tall trees. If you are driving a car, you should 7 to a safe place immediately and stay inside. When the earthquake is finally over, you may think it is completely safe. But not exactly. You must keep an eye out for 8 disasters, such as fires, floods or landslides. Do not use your phone to call friends unless it's a real emergency, because too many calls will bring 9 the phone system. Always stay calm and take action to help others if you can. Being well-prepared and knowing these 10 safety tips will definitely save your life. 1. A．luck B．destruction C．happiness D．meaning 2. A．difficult B．impossible C．important D．careless 3. A．under B．over C．above D．on 4. A．starts B．stops C．begins D．continues 5. A．light B．comfortable C．soft D．heavy 6. A．crowded B．open C．busy D．closed 7. A．pull over B．turn over C．fall over D．look over 8. A．primary B．natural C．secondary D．normal 9. A．up B．down C．out D．in 10. A．boring B．useless C．basic D．awful 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文介绍了地震等自然灾害的突发性与危害性，详细讲解了地震发生时在室内、室外、开车等不同场景下的自救方法，以及地震结束后的注意事项。 1. 句意：自然灾害，比如地震、洪水和海啸，可能突然发生并造成严重的破坏。 根据自然灾害的特点，会带来破坏，应选用destruction，表示“破坏”，符合灾害带来的后果。luck表示“运气”，happiness表示“幸福”，meaning表示“意义”，均与语境不符。 2. 句意：所以，学习地震发生时如何保护自己对我们来说非常重要。 因为地震很危险，所以学习自保很重要，应选用important，表示“重要的”，符合文意。difficult表示“困难的”，impossible表示“不可能的”，careless表示“粗心的”，均与语境不符。 3. 句意：如果你在室内，你应该迅速趴在地上，躲在坚固的书桌或桌子下面。 地震时躲在桌子下方能躲避坠落物，应选用under，表示“在……下面”，符合避险常识。over表示“在……正上方”，above表示“在……上方”，on表示“在……上面”，均不符合。 4. 句意：紧紧抓住它直到摇晃停止。 地震时要躲到震动结束，应选用stops，表示“停止”，符合避震要求。starts表示“开始”，begins表示“开始”，continues表示“继续”，均与语境不符。 5. 句意：远离窗户和可能砸到你的重家具。 重家具倒塌会伤人，应选用heavy，表示“重的”，符合危险物品特征。light表示“轻的”，comfortable表示“舒服的”，soft表示“软的”，均不符合。 6. 句意：如果你在室外，迅速跑到开阔、空旷的地方。 室外避震要去开阔区域，应选用open，表示“开阔的”，符合安全要求。crowded表示“拥挤的”，busy表示“忙碌的”，closed表示“关闭的”，均不符合。 7. 句意：如果你正在开车，应立即把车停在安全的地方并待在车内。 开车时遇到地震要靠边停车，应选用pull over，表示“靠边停车”，符合交通避险规则。turn over表示“翻转”，fall over表示“摔倒”，look over表示“检查”，均不符合。 8. 句意：你必须留意次生灾害，比如火灾、洪水或滑坡。 地震后引发的灾害是次生灾害，应选用secondary，表示“次生的”，符合灾害类型。primary表示“主要的”，natural表示“自然的”，normal表示“正常的”，均不符合。 9. 句意：除非真正紧急，否则不要打电话给朋友，因为太多电话会使电话系统瘫痪。 根据常识，震后大量通话会导致通信网络拥堵甚至瘫痪，因此应选用down，bring down意为“使垮台、使崩溃”，符合语境。bring up意为“抚养、提出”，bring out意为“出版、使显现”，bring in意为“引入”，均不符合“压垮系统”的意思。 10. 句意：做好充分准备并了解这些基本安全技巧一定能拯救你的生命。 文中讲的是基础自救知识，应选用basic，表示“基本的”，符合文意。boring表示“无聊的”，useless表示“无用的”，awful表示“可怕的”，均不符合。 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $