Unit5语法讲解及习题_一般过去时的被动语态2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册

冀教英语八下Unit5语法讲解及习题 一般过去时的被动语态 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法是一般过去时的被动语态（Passive Voice in Simple Past Tense），用于描述过去某个时间里动作的承受者，强调动作被谁做或被如何完成。 （一）基本结构 句式类型 结构 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词的过去分词（v-ed） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 动词的过去分词（v-ed） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词（v-ed）？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词（v-ed）？ 主语为I/he/she/it或单数名词时，用was 主语为you/we/they或复数名词时，用were 例： Computers were not widely used when I was a student.（我上学时，电脑并没有被广泛使用。） Everything was written by hand on paper.（所有内容都是手写在纸上的。） （二）核心用法 1. 描述过去某个时间被完成的动作 当不知道动作的执行者是谁，或执行者不重要时使用。 例：The book was written by a famous writer in the 1990s.（这本书是一位著名作家在20世纪90年代写的。） 2. 用于描述过去的客观事实或历史事件 常见于科技、历史、发明等话题。 例：Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China.（纸是中国古代的蔡伦发明的。） （三）主动语态变被动语态的步骤 步骤 操作 1 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 2 根据主语的人称和数，选择对应的was/were 3 将主动句的动词变为过去分词（v-ed） 4 （可选）用by + 原主语说明动作的执行者 例： 主动：People wrote everything by hand on paper. 被动：Everything was written by hand on paper (by people). （四）过去分词（v-ed）的变化规则 动词类型 变化规则 例词 一般动词 直接加-ed use → used, clean → cleaned 以e结尾的动词 直接加-d invent → invented, like → liked 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词 变y为i，再加-ed study → studied, try → tried 重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop → stopped, plan → planned 不规则动词 需特殊记忆 write → written, make → made 二、习题训练 （一）单项选择 1. When I was a student, computers ___________ widely used. A. aren't B. weren't C. didn't 2. Everything ___________ by hand on paper in the past. A. was written B. wrote C. is written 3. The book ___________ by a famous writer last century. A. wrote B. was written C. is written 4. ______ the old photo ___________ taken by your grandfather? A. Did; take B. Was; taken C. Is; taken 5. The ancient invention ___________ by people all over the world. A. was used B. used C. is used 6. The letter ___________ by my father yesterday. A. was sent B. sent C. is sent 7. Many new houses ___________ built in our town last year. A. was B. were C. are 8. The problem ___________ solved by the engineer last week. A. was B. were C. is 9. —When ___________ the computer invented? —In 1946. A. was B. were C. is 10. The photos ___________ taken on mobile phones now, but they ___________ taken with cameras in the past. A. are; were B. were; are C. are; are （二）用所给动词的正确形式填空 11. When I was a student, computers ___________ (not use) widely. 12. Everything ___________ (write) by hand on paper in the past. 13. The book ___________ (write) by a famous writer last century. 14. The old photo ___________ (take) by my grandfather. 15. Many new houses ___________ (build) in our town last year. 16. The problem ___________ (solve) by the engineer last week. 17. The letter ___________ (send) by my father yesterday. 18. Paper ___________ (invent) by Cai Lun in ancient China. （三）将主动句改为被动句 19. People used paper in ancient China. _____________________________________________________________________ 20. A famous writer wrote the book last century. _____________________________________________________________________ 21. My grandfather took the old photo. _____________________________________________________________________ 22. The engineer solved the problem last week. _____________________________________________________________________ 23. My father sent the letter yesterday. _____________________________________________________________________ 24. They built many new houses in our town last year. _____________________________________________________________________ （四）判断句子正误并改正 25. When I was a student, computers not used widely. _____________________________________________________________________ 26. Everything wrote by hand on paper in the past. _____________________________________________________________________ 27. The book was write by a famous writer last century. _____________________________________________________________________ 28. The old photo was take by my grandfather. _____________________________________________________________________ 29. Many new houses was built in our town last year. _____________________________________________________________________ 30. The problem were solved by the engineer last week. _____________________________________________________________________ （五）完成短文 Yesterday, I found an old book. It was on the top of the shelf. It 31. ___________ (cover) by some newspapers. The book 32. ___________ (write) by a famous writer. I opened the book and soon I 33. ___________ (attract) by a photo in it. It was a photo of my grandfather. Now, many photos 34. ___________ (take) on mobile phones. Looking at the old photo, I 35. ___________ (bring) back to the time I spent with my grandfather during my childhood. 三、答案及解析 （一）单项选择 1. B 解析：一般过去时被动语态的否定形式，用“were not + used”。 2. A 解析：“everything”是单数，用“was + written”。 3. B 解析：“last century”表示过去时间，用“was + written”。 4. B 解析：一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句形式，用“Was + 主语 + taken”。 5. A 解析：描述过去的客观事实，用“was + used”。 6. A 解析：“yesterday”表示过去时间，用“was + sent”。 7. B 解析：“many new houses”是复数，用“were + built”。 8. A 解析：“the problem”是单数，用“was + solved”。 9. A 解析：“the computer”是单数，用“was + invented”。 10. A 解析：第一空“now”用一般现在时被动语态，第二空“in the past”用一般过去时被动语态。 （二）用所给动词的正确形式填空 11. weren't used 解析：一般过去时被动语态的否定形式。 12. was written 解析：“everything”是单数，用“was + written”。 13. was written 解析：“last century”表示过去时间，用“was + written”。 14. was taken 解析：“the old photo”是单数，用“was + taken”。 15. were built 解析：“many new houses”是复数，用“were + built”。 16. was solved 解析：“the problem”是单数，用“was + solved”。 17. was sent 解析：“yesterday”表示过去时间，用“was + sent”。 18. was invented 解析：描述过去的客观事实，用“was + invented”。 （三）将主动句改为被动句 19. Paper was used by people in ancient China. 20. The book was written by a famous writer last century. 21. The old photo was taken by my grandfather. 22. The problem was solved by the engineer last week. 23. The letter was sent by my father yesterday. 24. Many new houses were built by them in our town last year. （四）判断句子正误并改正 25. 错误，改正：When I was a student, computers weren't used widely. 26. 错误，改正：Everything was written by hand on paper in the past. 27. 错误，改正：The book was written by a famous writer last century. 28. 错误，改正：The old photo was taken by my grandfather. 29. 错误，改正：Many new houses were built in our town last year. 30. 错误，改正：The problem was solved by the engineer last week. （五）完成短文 31. was covered 解析：“it”指代“the old book”，用“was + covered”。 32. was written 解析：“the book”是单数，用“was + written”。 33. was attracted 解析：“I”是动作的承受者，用“was + attracted”。 34. are taken 解析：“now”表示现在时间，用一般现在时被动语态。 35. was brought 解析：“I”是动作的承受者，用“was + brought”。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $