Unit 8 课时6 Measures to prevent floods (分层作业） 英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 8 Natural disasters 课时6 Measures to prevent floods分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 gate /ɡeɪt/n. 水闸；大门；大门口 aim /eɪm/v. 力求达到；目的是n. 目的；目标；瞄准 句型 1. He opened the door at the same time.——他同时打开了门。 2.We can learn much about how to respond in times of danger.——我们能够从中学习到许多关于如何在危险时刻做出应对的方法。 3.Disasters can happen at anytime.——灾难可能随时发生。 一、单词默写。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______ /ɡeɪt/n. 水闸；大门；大门口 2._______/eɪm/v. 力求达到；目的是n. 目的；目标 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】gate；aim 二、词组默写。 1.对人类生命构成威胁：______________________ 2.各种各样的：________________________ 3.基于：________________________ 4.位于；坐落于：________________________ 5.水流：________________________ 6.在大雨期间：________________________ 7.充当；起…… 作用：________________________ 8.确保：________________________ 9.保护…… 免受……：________________________ 10.作为…… 而出名：________________________ 11.在…… 省内：________________________ 12.旨在；目的是：________________________ 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】1.pose a threat to human lives；2.all kinds of；3.based on；4.be located on；5.the flow of water；6.during heavy rains；7.act as；8.make sure；9.protect from；10.be known as；11.in the province of；12.aim to 三、根据要求完成句子。 1.There are ________ ________ flowers in the garden.（各种各样的） 2.The story is ________ ________ a real life.（基于） 3.Please ________ ________ you have closed the window.（确保） 4.We should ________ ourselves ________ danger.（保护…… 免受……） 5.Lu Xun ________ ________ ________ a great writer.（作为…… 而闻名） 【答案】1.all kinds of 2.based on 3.make sure 4.protect; from 5.is known as 四、单项选择题。 1.Many countries take _______ways to stop floods according to their own situation. A. all kind of B. all kinds of C. kind of D. a kinds of 2.The Three Gorges Dam is located_______ the Changjiang River. A. in B. on C. at D. to 3.The Thames Barrier can _______London_______floods. A. protect; from B. protect; to C. prevent; from D. prevent; to 4.This famous water project _______ the Delta Project in the Netherlands. A. is known for B. is known as C. known as D. known for 5.The dam held back too much water and _______ it slowly and safely. A. to release B. releasing C. release D. released 【答案】1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 1.all kinds of 各种各样的，固定搭配。句意：许多国家根据自身情况采取各种各样的防洪方法。 2.固定介词搭配 on the river 在河流沿岸。句意：三峡大坝坐落于长江之上。 3.protect…from… 保护…… 免受……句意：泰晤士防洪闸可以保护伦敦免受洪水侵袭。 4.be known as 作为…… 而闻名句意：荷兰这项著名水利工程被称作三角洲工程。 5.and 连接并列谓语，前面 held 是动词hold的过去式，后面动词用过去式 released。句意：大坝拦截多余的水量，并缓慢安全地将水排放出去。 五、选词填空。home, big, rain, water, stop, help, safe, good, run, near, sky, tree Floods are dangerous natural disasters. They destroy people’s 1.________and farmland every year. There are many 2. ________ dams built on rivers across the world. When heavy 3. ________ comes in rainy seasons, the dams can control the rising 4. ________well. They can 5. ________ too much river water from 6. ________wildly. These great projects greatly 7. ________local people. They provide 8.________living places for people living in 9. ________ areas and help them live a peaceful and 10. ________life. 【答案】1.home 2. big 3. rain 4. water 5. stop 6. running 7. help 8. safe 9. near 10. good 【导语】本文围绕洪水自然灾害展开，介绍了洪水带来的危害，讲述了世界各地修建的大型水坝在管控水流、阻挡洪水、保护周边居民生活安全等方面的重要作用。 1．句意：洪水是危险的自然灾害，它们每年都会毁坏人们的家园以及农田。 结合备选词语境，home 意为 “家园，住所”，和后面 farmland（农田）并列，指洪水对人类生活家园造成破坏，故填 home。 2．句意：世界各地的河流上修建了许多大型水坝来抵御洪水灾害。 big 意为 “巨大的，大型的”，此处用来修饰名词 dams（水坝），形容水坝规模宏大，具备防洪作用，故填 big。 3．句意：在雨季，大雨来临之时，水坝能够很好地控制上涨的水流。 heavy rain 是固定搭配，意为 “大雨”，符合雨季洪水来临的语境，故填 rain。 4．句意：在雨季，大雨来临之时，水坝能够很好地控制上涨的水流。 water 意为 “水，水流”，指暴雨过后上涨的河水，契合大坝调控水量的文章主题，故填 water。 5．句意：这些水坝能够阻止湍急的河水四处泛滥。 stop...from... 为初中重点固定短语，意为 “阻止……”，符合大坝阻拦洪水蔓延的作用，情态动词 can 后接动词原形，故填 stop。 6．句意：这些水坝能够阻止湍急的河水四处泛滥。 run 在此处意为 “（水流）流动、奔涌”；介词 from 后面需要接动名词形式，结合语境指河水肆意奔流，故填 running。 7．句意：这些伟大的水利工程极大地帮助了当地的居民。 help 意为 “帮助”，说明大坝防洪避险，为当地居民带来保障，起到很大帮助作用，故填 help。 8．句意：它们为居住在周边的人们提供安全的居住环境。 safe 意为 “安全的”，形容词作定语修饰后面的名词 living places，体现水坝规避洪水危险，保障居住安全，故填 safe。 9．句意：它们为居住在附近区域的人们提供安全的居住环境。 near 意为 “附近的，邻近的”，用来修饰名词 areas，指河流大坝周边的居民区域，故填 near。 10．句意：帮助人们过上安稳美好的生活。 good 意为 “美好的，安稳的”，修饰名词 life，表达远离洪水灾害、安稳幸福的生活，故填 good。 六、完形填空。 Floods are common natural disasters in the world. They bring much 1.________ to people’s life and destroy homes and farmland. Many countries build different projects to stop floods. The Three Gorges Dam is very important in China. It lies 2.________ the Changjiang River. When 3.________ rain comes in summer, the river water rises fast. The big dam can 4 .________ the water level. It holds back too much water and sends it out 5.________ . In the UK, the Thames Barrier works well too. Its big 6.________ can rise during high tides. It protects London from terrible floods. Most of the land in the Netherlands is low. Its projects can 7.________ local people from coastal floods. These great projects help people a lot. Besides man-made projects, we should also learn safety 8.________ . When a flood comes, we must keep 9.________ . We had better stay in high places and stay away from fast running water. Natural disasters are dangerous, 10 we can keep safe with good projects and knowledge. 1.A. danger B. fun C. joy D. peace 2.A. in B. on C. of D. with 3.A. light B. heavy C. warm D. cool 4.A. control B. carry C. cover D. clear 5.A. quickly B. safely C. easily D. loudly 6.A. gates B. walls C. trees D. stones 7.A. provide B. push C. protect D. produce 8.A. hobbies B. rules C. dreams D. messages 9.A. nervous B. worried C. calm D. excited 10.A. so B. and C. because D. but 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D 【导语】本文介绍了洪水灾害的危害，依次介绍了中国三峡大坝、英国泰晤士防洪屏障、荷兰防洪工程的防洪作用，同时介绍了洪水来临时的安全常识，告诉我们依靠水利工程和安全知识能够保护自身安全。 1．句意：洪水是世界上常见的自然灾害。它们给人们的生活带来许多危险，毁坏家园与农田。 danger 危险；fun 乐趣；joy 愉悦；peace 平静。结合洪水灾害的语境，会给人类带来危险，故选 A。 2．句意：三峡大坝在中国十分重要，它坐落于长江之上。 on the river 为固定搭配，用来表示大坝、桥梁等建筑位于河流上方，故选 B。 3．句意：当夏天大雨来临，河水会快速上涨。 heavy rain 是固定短语，意为 “大雨”，大雨是引发洪水的主要原因，符合文章语境，故选 B。 4．句意：这座大型大坝能够控制水位。 control 控制；carry 搬运；cover 覆盖；clear 清除。根据课文内容，大坝的作用就是调控河水水位，故选 A。 5．句意：它拦截多余的水量，并安全地排出水流。 quickly 快速地；safely 安全地；easily 容易地；loudly 大声地。大坝泄洪需要平稳安全，符合文意，故选 B。 6．句意：在英国，泰晤士防洪屏障也发挥很大作用。涨潮时，它巨大的闸门就会升起。 gates 闸门；walls 墙壁；trees 树木；stones 石头。对应课本原文防洪工程的闸门结构，故选 A。 7．句意：荷兰大部分地势低洼，当地的工程能够保护居民远离海岸洪水。 protect sb. from sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “保护某人免受…… 伤害”；provide 提供；push 推动；produce 生产，故选 C。 8．句意：除了这些人造工程之外，我们也应该学习安全常识。 rules 规则，安全常识；hobbies 爱好；dreams 梦想；messages 信息，故选 B。 9．句意：当洪水来临的时候，我们必须保持冷静。 nervous 紧张的；worried 担忧的；calm 冷静的；excited 兴奋的。灾害逃生的首要原则就是保持冷静，故选 C。 10．句意：自然灾害十分危险，但是我们可以依靠优良工程和相关知识守护自身安全。 前句表危险，后句表应对方法，表转折关系。so 所以；and 和；because 因为；but 但是，故选 D。 七、阅读理解。 Many people think natural disasters are far away from our life. But floods are common around us. Last summer, a heavy rain hit a small village. The river near the village rose quickly. Lots of water ran into the streets. Luckily, there was a small dam built many years ago near the village. When the rain came, workers controlled the dam in time. It stopped too much water from running into people’s houses. No one lost their homes or got hurt. All the villagers felt very lucky. After the rain, the teacher asked students to learn more about flood safety. He told them that dams and barriers are great help, but safety knowledge is also important. He taught them to run to high places when floods come. He also told them not to play near rivers or cross the running water. The students learnt a lot. They knew that good projects can help people stay safe, and right habits can keep danger away as well. 1. What happened to the small village last summer? A. A big wind came. B. A heavy rain hit it. C. Many new dams were built. D. Lots of trees died. 2. Why didn’t the villagers get hurt? A. Because the small dam worked well. B. Because no water ran into the village. C. Because they left the village quickly. D. Because the rain stopped at once. 3. What did the teacher teach the students? A. How to build small dams. B. Some flood safety rules. C. The history of different dams. D. Ways to make less rain. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Natural disasters never come to small villages. B. Only big dams can stop floods. C. Projects and safety knowledge both matter. D. Heavy rain never brings any danger. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 【导语】本文以小故事展开，讲述了夏季暴雨侵袭小村庄时，大坝发挥防洪作用保护村民的经历，以及老师借此给学生科普洪水避险安全知识，告诉人们防洪工程与安全常识都十分重要。 1．句意：去年夏天这个小村庄发生了什么事？A. 刮起大风；B. 一场大雨袭击了这里；C. 修建了许多新大坝；D. 许多树木枯死。根据原文第二段 \\Last summer, a heavy rain hit a small village.\\ 可知小村庄遭遇了大雨，故选 B。 2．句意：为什么村民们没有受伤？A. 因为小型大坝起到了很好的作用；B. 没有水流进村庄；C. 因为他们快速离开了村庄；D. 因为雨马上停了。根据原文 \\workers controlled the dam in time. It stopped too much water from running into people’s houses. No one lost their homes or got hurt.\\ 可知是大坝有效阻拦洪水，保护了村民，故选 A。 3．句意：老师教给了学生们什么？A. 如何修建小型大坝；B. 一些洪水安全避险常识；C. 不同大坝的历史；D. 减少降雨的方法。根据原文 \\He told them that dams and barriers are great help, but safety knowledge is also important. He taught them to run to high places when floods come.\\ 可知老师给学生讲解了洪水逃生安全知识，故选 B。 4．句意：从文章中我们可以了解到什么？A. 自然灾害从不会降临小村庄；B. 只有大型大坝能够抵御洪水；C. 防洪工程和安全知识都很重要；D. 大雨从来不会带来危险。根据文章最后一句 \\good projects can help people stay safe, and right habits can keep danger away as well.\\ 可知水利工程和安全知识同等重要，故选 C。 八、阅读下面短文，完成相关任务。 Floods are terrible natural disasters. They are often caused by long and heavy rain. Every year, floods destroy houses and farmland. They also put people’s lives in danger. So learning flood safety knowledge is necessary for every student. Last week, our teacher held a special safety class. He told us many useful rules. Some students still had wrong ideas about escaping. They preferred to stay in low places when water rose. They also liked to walk across bridges over fast-running water. They thought those actions were safe enough. However, most students mastered right skills. They knew to run to high places at once. They kept calm all the time. They never touched running water. Besides, they moved slowly in order and didn’t push others during evacuation. Our teacher said real danger would come suddenly. Good safety habits can save our lives in dangerous moments. 任务一：完成表格（信息归纳填空，每空一词，全新表格形式） 根据短文内容，完成下面信息表格。 Items Information Cause of floods Long and heavy (1. _______) Wrong action Stay in (2. _______) places Right action 1 Go to high places quickly Right action 2 Keep (3. _______) all the time Right action 3 Move in order and don’t push others 任务二：根据短文内容，判断句子正 (T) 误 (F) ( ) 4. Floods can bring danger to people’s lives. ( ) 5. All the students knew all the right escape rules. ( ) 6. Safety knowledge can help people save themselves. 任务三：根据短文内容，简略回答问题 7.Why did the teacher have the safety class? ______________________________________________ 任务四：开放性回答（结合文章，用自己的话完整作答） 8.What should we do to protect ourselves when a flood comes? ______________________________________________ 【答案】1.rain 2.low 3.calm 4.T 5.F 6.T 任务三：7.To teach students flood safety knowledge. 任务四：8.We should keep calm first. We must move to high places quickly and stay away from running water. Besides, we should walk in order and never push others. 【导语】本文介绍了洪水的形成原因与危害，讲述了老师开展防洪安全课后，学生面对洪水逃生时的不同做法，归纳了错误避险行为与正确逃生方法，强调掌握安全知识能够在危急时刻保护自身生命安全。 1．句意：洪水的成因：长时间的大雨。 根据原文 “They are often caused by long and heavy rain.” 可知洪水多由持续大雨引发，故填 rain。 2．句意：错误行为：待在低洼地区。 根据原文 “Some students still had wrong ideas about escaping. They preferred to stay in low places when water rose.” 可知洪水时停留在低洼处是错误做法，故填 low。 3．句意：正确做法 2：始终保持冷静。 根据原文 “most students mastered right skills...They kept calm all the time.” 可知遭遇洪水保持冷静是重要正确原则，故填 calm。 4．句意：洪水会给人们的生命带来危险。 根据原文 “They also put people’s lives in danger.” 可知表述正确，故填 T。 5．句意：所有学生都懂得正确的逃生规则。 根据原文 “Some students still had wrong ideas about escaping...most students mastered right skills.” 可知只有大部分学生掌握正确方法，并非全部，故填 F。 6．句意：安全知识能够帮助人们自我保护。 根据原文 “Good safety habits can save our lives in dangerous moments.” 可知学习安全常识可以挽救生命、保护自己，故填 T。 任务三：根据文章全文内容可知，老师开展安全课堂，目的是教给学生防洪安全相关知识。 任务四：结合文中全部正确逃生要点，整合语句完整作答，涵盖心态、避险地点、撤离规范等内容，语句通顺，不照搬原题答案。 $Unit 8 Natural disasters 课时6 Measures to prevent floods分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 gate /ɡeɪt/n. 水闸；大门；大门口 aim /eɪm/v. 力求达到；目的是n. 目的；目标；瞄准 句型 1. He opened the door at the same time.——他同时打开了门。 2.We can learn much about how to respond in times of danger.——我们能够从中学习到许多关于如何在危险时刻做出应对的方法。 3.Disasters can happen at anytime.——灾难可能随时发生。 一、单词默写。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______ /ɡeɪt/n. 水闸；大门；大门口 2._______/eɪm/v. 力求达到；目的是n. 目的；目标 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、词组默写。 1.对人类生命构成威胁：______________________ 2.各种各样的：________________________ 3.基于：________________________ 4.位于；坐落于：________________________ 5.水流：________________________ 6.在大雨期间：________________________ 7.充当；起…… 作用：________________________ 8.确保：________________________ 9.保护…… 免受……：________________________ 10.作为…… 而出名：________________________ 11.在…… 省内：________________________ 12.旨在；目的是：________________________ 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 三、根据要求完成句子。 1.There are ________ ________ flowers in the garden.（各种各样的） 2.The story is ________ ________ a real life.（基于） 3.Please ________ ________ you have closed the window.（确保） 4.We should ________ ourselves ________ danger.（保护…… 免受……） 5.Lu Xun ________ ________ ________ a great writer.（作为…… 而闻名） 四、单项选择题。 1.Many countries take _______ways to stop floods according to their own situation. A. all kind of B. all kinds of C. kind of D. a kinds of 2.The Three Gorges Dam is located_______ the Changjiang River. A. in B. on C. at D. to 3.The Thames Barrier can _______London_______floods. A. protect; from B. protect; to C. prevent; from D. prevent; to 4.This famous water project _______ the Delta Project in the Netherlands. A. is known for B. is known as C. known as D. known for 5.The dam held back too much water and _______ it slowly and safely. A. to release B. releasing C. release D. released 五、选词填空。home, big, rain, water, stop, help, safe, good, run, near, sky, tree Floods are dangerous natural disasters. They destroy people’s 1.________and farmland every year. There are many 2. ________ dams built on rivers across the world. When heavy 3. ________ comes in rainy seasons, the dams can control the rising 4. ________well. They can 5. ________ too much river water from 6. ________wildly. These great projects greatly 7. ________local people. They provide 8.________living places for people living in 9. ________ areas and help them live a peaceful and 10. ________life. 六、完形填空。 Floods are common natural disasters in the world. They bring much 1.________ to people’s life and destroy homes and farmland. Many countries build different projects to stop floods. The Three Gorges Dam is very important in China. It lies 2.________ the Changjiang River. When 3.________ rain comes in summer, the river water rises fast. The big dam can 4 .________ the water level. It holds back too much water and sends it out 5.________ . In the UK, the Thames Barrier works well too. Its big 6.________ can rise during high tides. It protects London from terrible floods. Most of the land in the Netherlands is low. Its projects can 7.________ local people from coastal floods. These great projects help people a lot. Besides man-made projects, we should also learn safety 8.________ . When a flood comes, we must keep 9.________ . We had better stay in high places and stay away from fast running water. Natural disasters are dangerous, 10 we can keep safe with good projects and knowledge. 1.A. danger B. fun C. joy D. peace 2.A. in B. on C. of D. with 3.A. light B. heavy C. warm D. cool 4.A. control B. carry C. cover D. clear 5.A. quickly B. safely C. easily D. loudly 6.A. gates B. walls C. trees D. stones 7.A. provide B. push C. protect D. produce 8.A. hobbies B. rules C. dreams D. messages 9.A. nervous B. worried C. calm D. excited 10.A. so B. and C. because D. but 七、阅读理解。 Many people think natural disasters are far away from our life. But floods are common around us. Last summer, a heavy rain hit a small village. The river near the village rose quickly. Lots of water ran into the streets. Luckily, there was a small dam built many years ago near the village. When the rain came, workers controlled the dam in time. It stopped too much water from running into people’s houses. No one lost their homes or got hurt. All the villagers felt very lucky. After the rain, the teacher asked students to learn more about flood safety. He told them that dams and barriers are great help, but safety knowledge is also important. He taught them to run to high places when floods come. He also told them not to play near rivers or cross the running water. The students learnt a lot. They knew that good projects can help people stay safe, and right habits can keep danger away as well. 1. What happened to the small village last summer? A. A big wind came. B. A heavy rain hit it. C. Many new dams were built. D. Lots of trees died. 2. Why didn’t the villagers get hurt? A. Because the small dam worked well. B. Because no water ran into the village. C. Because they left the village quickly. D. Because the rain stopped at once. 3. What did the teacher teach the students? A. How to build small dams. B. Some flood safety rules. C. The history of different dams. D. Ways to make less rain. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Natural disasters never come to small villages. B. Only big dams can stop floods. C. Projects and safety knowledge both matter. D. Heavy rain never brings any danger. 八、阅读下面短文，完成相关任务。 Floods are terrible natural disasters. They are often caused by long and heavy rain. Every year, floods destroy houses and farmland. They also put people’s lives in danger. So learning flood safety knowledge is necessary for every student. Last week, our teacher held a special safety class. He told us many useful rules. Some students still had wrong ideas about escaping. They preferred to stay in low places when water rose. They also liked to walk across bridges over fast-running water. They thought those actions were safe enough. However, most students mastered right skills. They knew to run to high places at once. They kept calm all the time. They never touched running water. Besides, they moved slowly in order and didn’t push others during evacuation. Our teacher said real danger would come suddenly. Good safety habits can save our lives in dangerous moments. 任务一：完成表格（信息归纳填空，每空一词，全新表格形式） 根据短文内容，完成下面信息表格。 Items Information Cause of floods Long and heavy (1. _______) Wrong action Stay in (2. _______) places Right action 1 Go to high places quickly Right action 2 Keep (3. _______) all the time Right action 3 Move in order and don’t push others 任务二：根据短文内容，判断句子正 (T) 误 (F) ( ) 4. Floods can bring danger to people’s lives. ( ) 5. All the students knew all the right escape rules. ( ) 6. Safety knowledge can help people save themselves. 任务三：根据短文内容，简略回答问题 7.Why did the teacher have the safety class? ______________________________________________ 任务四：开放性回答（结合文章，用自己的话完整作答） 8.What should we do to protect ourselves when a flood comes? ______________________________________________ $ Unit 8 Natural disasters 课时6 Measures to prevent floods分层作业 参考答案 一、单词默写。 gate；aim 二、词组默写。 1.pose a threat to human lives；2.all kinds of；3.based on；4.be located on；5.the flow of water；6.during heavy rains；7.act as；8.make sure；9.protect from；10.be known as；11.in the province of；12.aim to 三、完成句子。 1.all kinds of 2.based on 3.make sure 4.protect; from 5.is known as 四 、单项选择。 1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 五、选择填空。 1.home 2. big 3. rain 4. water 5. stop 6. running 7. help 8. safe 9. near 10. good 六、完形填空。 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D 七、阅读理解。 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 八、阅读综合。 1.rain 2.low 3.calm 4.T 5.F 6.T 任务三：7.To teach students flood safety knowledge. 任务四：8.We should keep calm first. We must move to high places quickly and stay away from running water. Besides, we should walk in order and never push others. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $