专题05 阅读理解（说明文） （江苏专用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京·一模）Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8 C, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions,” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 1．What is the key reason a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 2．How did the psychological team help astronauts adapt to life in the cave? A．By recording their health data. B．By giving individual guidance. C．By using group support methods. D．By arranging (安排) specific social activities. 3．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国首次在重庆武隆天然洞穴开展的航天员洞穴训练任务，说明了洞穴训练模拟太空环境、锻炼航天员身心素质的价值，还对比了中国训练和欧洲空间局同类训练的不同特点。 1．根据第三段内容“These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave”可知，特殊训练区也能模拟类似太空的环境，但没有什么比天然洞穴能提供真实体验和不可预见的突发挑战，对应D选项的表述。 2．倒数第二段明确说明：“To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods.”，为了帮助宇航员适应洞穴生活，心理团队采用了团队支持法，直接对应C选项。 3．最后一段叶光富明确对比：“Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible”，和欧空局的训练相比，中国训练的支持团队尽可能少干预，也就是支持团队介入更少，对应C选项。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模） The basic aerodynamics used to make a paper airplane is very similar to the aerodynamics of a real plane. A simple piece of paper will fall down when it is dropped. But if we fold the paper in a specific manner, it will fly. There are four types of forces in physics that play important roles in making a paper airplane soar in the air. Surely lift is a force that holds the airplane in the air. It acts directly against the weight of the airplane. Though the whole plane uses this force, the wings are the ones that bring it to the maximum level. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the wings are responsible for turning the flow of air. Thrust is the forward force that is used to push the airplane in the forward direction. It comes from the engines of a real aircraft, but for a paper airplane, the human hand artificially produces this force while throwing the plane hard into air. Drag, also known as air resistance, is a force to prevent an object moving in gas or liquid. This force stops the movement of the aircraft in air. It occurs due to the surface friction between the solid surface of the airplane and air molecules. This too acts through the center of pressure of the object. Another force is gravity acting on the airplane and continually trying to pull it down towards the earth. A real aircraft makes use of many lift, drag, and thrust forces against the gravitational force. In case of a paper airplane, when we fly it in the air with some energy, it uses that energy to stay in air for some time. As the energy goes on reducing, the plane moves downwards. As a result, the airplane fails to remain in the sky when all the energy is exhausted. The wetness of the air also has a great effect on the flight of a paper airplane. As paper takes in water, it changes the density of the airplane finally. So making the airplane out of a thick piece of paper proves to be more effective. A real plane has additional parts used for efficient flying. To some degree, the weight of the passengers and luggage affect the above types of forces. Therefore, next time you make a paper airplane, keep in mind these points to make one that has a long-lasting flight. 1．The force of lift is used by ________ to hold the airplane in the air. A．only the wings B．the engines C．both the surfaces D．the whole plane 2．Which is the right chart showing the four types of forces? A．B．C． D． 3．The underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 6 most probably means “________”. A．used up completely B．filled up immediately C．pushed forward heavily D．acted on the plane strongly 4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A real aircraft can only make use of one or two types of the forces mentioned. B．The paper plane made out of thick paper is unable to have a long-lasting flight. C．Aerodynamics studies the movements of the air and the moving object in the air. D．Compared with sunny days, the paper plane can fly much farther when it is wet. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【分析】本文主要介绍了空气动力学在制作纸飞机过程中的运用，并介绍了物理学中的四种力对纸飞机在空中翱翔起着重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“lift is a force that holds the airplane in the air...Though the whole plane uses this force, the wings are the ones that bring it to the maximum level.”可知整个飞机使用升力。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Surely lift is a force that holds the airplane in the air...the wings are the ones that bring it to the maximum level”“Thrust is the forward force that is used to push the airplane in the forward direction”“Drag, also known as air resistance, is a force to prevent an object moving in gas or liquid”以及“Another force is gravity acting on the airplane and continually trying to pull it down towards the earth”可知升力让飞机升到最高点；推力让飞机向前；阻力阻止飞机向前；重力把飞机拉向地球，四个图中选项B符合。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“As a result, the airplane fails to remain in the sky when all the energy is exhausted”可知飞机不能待在空中是因为能量耗尽了，故exhausted的意思是“用光”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“The basic aerodynamics used to make a paper airplane is very similar to the aerodynamics of a real plane.”以及文章内容可知空气动力学运用在纸飞机和真正的飞机中，可推断空气动力学研究空气中移动的物体以及空气的移动。故选C。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏南京·一模）Like millions of Americans, I am dyslexic (有读写障碍的). I can’t remember which side is my right and which is my left. I know this makes no sense. After all, I have no problem telling the difference between other things. I know up from down. I know black from white. I know forks from spoons. And yet, I do not know left from right. My brain is not wired that way. This is true for many dyslexics, and I suspect multimodal large language models (MLLMs) may be dyslexic too. As a kid with dyslexia, school was very hard for me. For example, we humans created two lowercase (小写字体的) letters in the English alphabet — “b” and “d” — that are only different because one points left and one points right. For decades, I could not tell the difference. This is a very common problem among dyslexics. The same is true for telling time on traditional clock faces — it only makes sense if you know the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise. These challenges don’t end in elementary school. I still remember getting a problem wrong in a physics class at Stanford because I applied the “right-hand rule” with my left hand. Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence — your brain just works differently from the people who created the cultural conventions we use in symbolic languages, mathematics, and many branches of science. I surely know what’s going on. It all relates to the “mind’s eye.” By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial (空间的) elements in memory. When I recall things in my mind (objects, environments, images, or text), I don’t visualize them from a fixed first-person perspective. I think about them from all directions at once. This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos. These models are remarkable. They can match or exceed human performance on countless tasks, for example, diagnosing cancers from visual slides better than any human. And yet, a recent study found a surprising result: Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟). According to the study, GPT-4.0 was only able to correctly read clock faces 8% of the time. Claude-3-5-sonnet was worse at 6%. Gemini 2.0 was the best, but still at only 20%. These numbers are surprisingly low, especially when you consider that these AI models can perform so well in other contexts. This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test. 1．The phrase “mind’s eye” (paragraph 4) refers to ______. A．literal visual perception through biological eyes B．a medical device used to treat dyslexia C．the brain’s ability to form and store mental images D．a metaphor for intelligence quotient (IQ) 2．What does the underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Learn. B．Understand. C．Explain. D．Translate. 3．Why do MLLMs struggle to read analog clocks accurately, according to the passage? A．Their cognitive process of spatial information is similar to that of dyslexic humans. B．They were primarily trained on digital clocks, leaving analog clock recognition underdeveloped. C．Clock faces require understanding of cultural conventions, which AI lacks compared to humans. D．Their visual recognition systems focus more on object detection like cancer diagnosis than directional interpretation. 4．Why does the author emphasize that he failed a physics task due to left-right confusion yet ultimately earned a PhD? A．To argue that universities should lower some standards for dyslexic students B．To suggest AI could make up for human limitations in scientific research. C．To reflect that physics is uniquely difficult for people with spatial processing differences. D．To highlight that dyslexia’s problems are particular rather than reflective of overall intellectual ability. 5．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Complete Guide to Dyslexia Treatments B．When Machines Mirror Human Learning disabilities C．Are Large Language Models Dyslexic? D．Why Schools Must Adapt to Dyslexic Students 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过作者个人经历与AI表现的类比，探讨了诵读困难的认知特点，并提出了一个有趣的猜想：多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)可能也存在类似的“数字诵读困难”。 1．第四段中“By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial ( 空间的) elements in memory.”明确解释了 “mind’s eye”的含义，即在脑海中想象事物并在记忆中存储空间元素的方式，选项C与之对应。 2．第五段第一句“This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos.”中，process“处理”与“interpret”动词并列，推断出“interpret”在语境中为“对图像和视频进行理解和解读”之意，选项B“理解”与之对应。 3．第五段“Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟).”提到了MLLMs在阅读模拟时钟时表现极差，最后一段“This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses...”指出了原因，即MLLMs的问题与人类诵读困难者的认知特点相似——在处理空间方向信息（如左右、时钟方向）时存在特定障碍，但在其他任务上表现优异。选项A与之对应。 4．第四段第一句“Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence”表明阅读障碍与专注力或智力毫无关系，最后一段“...but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test.”指出诵读困难者具有优势与劣势的矛盾组合，从而表明诵读困难的问题只是特定的，并不反映整体智力水平。选项D与之对应。 5．文章描述主线为作者先讲述自己作为诵读困难者的体验(左右不分、时钟困难)；再将这种体验与MLLMs在类似任务(如读模拟时钟)上的失败进行类比；最后探讨MLLMs是否也可能存在某种“数字诵读困难”。选项C与之对应。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·江苏连云港·一模）Humans have been trying to predict the weather since long before any tool came into use. Written records show that people began to make weather forecasts thousands of years ago, using all kinds of natural elements (元素). Even today, some mountain climbers, hikers, and sailors still depend partly on these elements to know about weather changes. How do they make predictions? Watching the sky has always been a popular way to predict the weather. Clouds change noticeably when a storm is coming, so they are generally an accurate sign of what’s to come. For example, dark clouds are always a sign of bad weather, while low white cottony clouds promise bright weather. If you see a red sky in the morning, then it means that there is clear weather in the east where the sun is rising, but bad weather in the west. A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain. Another popular way is to watch animals. Animals can sense changes in the weather that humans cannot. For example, if ants move their nests or birds fly close to the ground, it might mean rain is coming. Other animal behaviors have not been studied closely, but they are still part of weather lore (气象谚语). One example is squirrels collecting an unusually large amount of food as a sign of an upcoming cold winter. Besides, listening to the human body can also help predict the weather. Before a storm, people who have old injuries or have problems with their joints often feel more pain. Although these ways are not always perfectly accurate, they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years. 1．Why does the writer ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To explain the result. B．To compare differences. C．To introduce the topic. D．To check readers’ knowledge. 2．Which of the following may be a sign of an upcoming rain? A．Low white cottony clouds. B．A ring of light around the moon. C．Birds flying close to the ground. D．Squirrels collecting plenty of food. 3．How does the writer feel about the old ways to predict the weather? A．They need more scientific studies. B．They work well in modern society. C．They carry something meaningful. D．They show humans’ love for nature. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Sky Signs for Weather Changes B．Natural Ways to Predict the Weather C．History of Early Weather Forecasts D．Weather Wisdom from Ancient People 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了观天象、察动物、感身体三种依靠自然现象预测天气的古老方法，虽并非绝对精准，却蕴藏着人类长久以来与自然相处的智慧。 1．第一段结尾的问句“How do they make predictions?”，作用是引出下文全文要讲解的“各类自然预测天气的方法”，引出文章主题。 2．根据原文第二段最后一句“A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain.”可直接得出答案。 3．根据文章最后一段“they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years.”，说明这些古老方法有深远的意义、价值。 4．文章整体分3大板块：观天、观动物、观人体，全部都是依靠自然现象的传统预测天气的方法，完整概括全文。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Some dishes give off an unmistakable air of elegance. Take a flawlessly clear consomme (清炖肉汤), for instance. Others are less so, like a pizza with a dense crust. And then there are dishes that seem to bridge the gap, appearing on menus across the range of taste and class. The chocolate fondant is one such dessert, loved for its simple, rich pleasure and luxury. The origins of the chocolate fondant are somewhat disputed, with two significant French chefs laying claim to its invention. The first is Michel Bras, a Michelin-starred chef who, in 1981, crafted the coulant au chocolate—a dessert with a warm, sticky center inspired by memories of a hot cup of chocolate after a cold day in the mountains. The second is Jean-Georges Vongerichten, another influential chef who, in 1987, created the fondant while experimenting in New York. His version featured small chocolate cakes with a molten (融化的) center due to a happy accident: he had removed them from the oven too early. Despite the small accident, diners were delighted, and Vongerichten perfected the recipe that would become his signature dish. Though different in technique, both chefs shared a vision of the fondant as a fancy, rich treat, a dessert designed to satisfy both the taste buds (味蕾) and a desire for elegance. Initially, it was a delicacy reserved for high-end dining rooms and the most exclusive restaurants. In America, it became a symbol of refined dessert culture, representing a particular kind of elegance. The simplicity of the fondant—a single-serving dessert with a molten core—belies its complexity. Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flows at the exact moment of cutting are the challenges that only a skilled chef can consistently conquer. There’s an element of anticipation built into the experience: will the warm chocolate flow or remain disappointingly solid? By the 1990s, Alain Ducasse, another highly regarded chef, observed that the fondant had become so popular that restaurants felt nearly forced to include it on their menus. It became the defining dessert of the era, with chains and takeaway joints adopting their own versions. Over time, the fondant evolved into what many now know as the “molten chocolate cake” or “chocolate lava cake”. The dessert began to appear in grocery stores and at Valentine’s Day promotions, as brands like Costco, Aldi, and Walmart capitalized on its widespread appeal. 1．What can be learned about the origin of the chocolate fondant from the passage? A．The dish was first introduced in grocery stores. B．The true inventor of the dish remains uncertain. C．Both inventors drew inspiration from their cooking experiences. D．The creation of the dish was more intentional than accidental. 2．What does the word “belies” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Reveals B．Defines. C．Masks. D．Explains. 3．According to the last paragraph, what contributed to the further development of the chocolate fondant? A．The cooperation between grocery stores and restaurants to promote the dessert. B．Chefs simplified the recipe to make it easier for home cooks to prepare. C．The decision to market the dessert for Valentine’s Day promotions. D．Restaurants felt pressured to offer the dessert due to its popularity. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The chocolate fondant’s simplicity makes it easy for chefs to prepare. B．The chocolate fondant has gone from a high-end dessert to a common treat. C．The chocolate fondant originates in France and then spread to the whole world. D．The chocolate fondant is superior to other desserts because of its molten center. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了巧克力熔岩蛋糕的起源、发展及其在餐饮界的地位。 1．细节理解题。根据“The origins of the chocolate fondant are somewhat disputed, with two significant French chefs laying claim to its invention.”可知，真正的发明者是谁仍然不确定。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The simplicity of the fondant—a single-serving dessert with a molten core—belies its complexity.”可知，此处表示熔岩蛋糕简单的外表掩盖了它的复杂性，因此belies在这里的意思是“掩盖”，masks“掩盖”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“ observed that the fondant had become so popular that restaurants felt nearly forced to include it on their menus. It became the defining dessert of the era, with chains and takeaway joints adopting their own versions.”可知，餐馆感到压力，所以将其列入菜单，如此促进了巧克力熔岩蛋糕的发展。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了巧克力熔岩蛋糕的起源、发展及其在餐饮界的地位，从最初的高端甜品，到后来逐渐普及，变成了常见的甜点。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城·一模）A new mental (心理的) health hotline, 12356, was put into use in several provinces across China in January. The number leaves out “4” because it sounds like the word for “trouble” in Chinese. This gives it a funny nickname: the “no trouble” hotline. In Beijing, nearly 500 calls were received in the first five days, for a total of 170 hours of advice. 12356 will be usable nationwide starting May 1. Mental health is a major topic today. A survey showed that about 95 million people in China suffer from depression (抑郁). If you include other mental health problems, the number is much higher. Li Mengyang was diagnosed (诊断) with serious depression in 2020. His doctor said that too much work was a direct cause. But Li believes that his unsatisfied personal purposes and not being able to express himself were the deep causes. His case is echoed (回响) by many across China, where work, family and other stresses are common. So far, most callers to 12356 are between the ages of 19 and 45, though the elderly and teenagers are also at high risk. The government has recognized the importance of mental health. In 2021, a special mental health department was set up to help provide counseling (咨询) services. Today, there are about 6,000 mental health service centers in the country, a 205% increase from 2010. But problems remain. Some patients are unwilling to ask for help. Also, such service isn’t yet available in every community, especially in the countryside. Still, 12356’s role as a lifeline is important. “It offers people the chance to talk to someone about their problems,” said a medical professor. “It’s an easy-to-reach support in times of mental troubles.” 1．What is 12356 according to the passage? A．A sign of no trouble. B．A door open to sick people of all ages. C．A telephone number for food support. D．A way to help solve mental problems. 2．Many numbers, such as 500, 170, 95 million, and 6000, are used to ________ in the passage. A．show mental illness is very serious. B．say that the government has tried its best C．prove that the writer is a very careful person D．give a clear picture of people suffering from depression 3．Which person is the most likely to call 12356 ? A．A 10-year-old student. B．An 18-year-old student. C．A 30-year-old woman. D．A 60-year-old woman. 4．Which of the following is the best title? A．How to reduce depression B．12356 takes your trouble away C．Mental health needs more care D．Many people suffer from depression 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国新启用的心理健康热线12356，其名称寓意“无烦恼”，并分析了心理健康问题的现状、服务覆盖情况以及热线的重要性。 1．第一段指出12356是一条心理健康热线：“A new mental health hotline, 12356, was put into use”，结合全文，它是帮助解决心理问题的一种方式。 2．第二段使用“500 calls”（来电数量）、“170 hours of advice”（咨询时长）、第三段使用“95 million people suffer from depression”（抑郁人数）、第五段使用“6,000 mental health service centers”（心理健康服务中心数量）等数字，是为了说明心理健康问题的严重性。 3．第四段指出：“most callers to 12356 are between the ages of 19 and 45”，因此30岁的女性最可能拨打。 4．全文围绕心理健康热线12356展开，介绍了其意义、心理健康问题的严重性及服务现状，因此“12356带走你的烦恼”最能概括全文主旨。 主题04 人与自我——中国文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）The old lanes (巷子) of the Beijing hutong were there hundreds of years ago during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They kept not only the traditional culture, but also the way of life in the past. People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs. What’s more, it is a good way to learn more about the daily life of people in Beijing. A hutong is a lane formed by traditional courtyard compounds on both sides. The compounds are called siheyuan, meaning “four joined-together courtyard”. The hutongs have interesting names, which tell their origin, location or history. They are in these gray lanes where kids talk and play. One of China’s most famous writers, Lao She, was born in a siheyuan in the west of the city. The memories of his childhood in hutongs were so important to him that even after he had been away from Beijing for more than 20 years, he still clearly remembered them and wrote them into a novel called Four Generations Under One Roof. Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in. However, most hutongs are in great danger because more and more new buildings have been built. So, we should try our best to protect hutongs, the treasure of traditional culture. In order to protect hutongs, we need to take action. Firstly, we should call on people to pay attention to the importance of protecting hutongs. Besides, the government should also put forward methods to protect hutongs from being influenced by other new buildings. Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well. Let’s work together to protect hutongs and pass on our traditional culture to future generations. 1．What can people do in the Beijing hutongs? ①Go shopping. ②Eat delicious food. ③Watch the street life. ④Watch movies. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．How many siheyuan are there in Beijing for people to live in now? A．About 20,000. B．About 200,000. C．About 400,000. D．About 4,000,000. 3．Why should we encourage tourism in hutongs? A．To spread local culture. B．To make more money. C．To visit new buildings. D．To learn about hutongs. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．Science. C．Culture.     D． Health. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京胡同的相关信息，包括胡同的历史、作用、名字由来，与老舍的渊源，目前四合院的数量，胡同面临的危险以及保护胡同的措施等。 1．第一段指出“People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs.”，这直接说明人们在北京胡同可以购物、品尝美食和观看街头生活。 2．第三段提到“Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in.”，明确说明现在北京大约有40万四合院供人们居住。 3．最后一段提到“Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well.”，说明鼓励胡同旅游是为了传播当地文化。 4．文章主要围绕北京胡同这一传统文化载体展开，介绍了胡同的诸多方面以及保护措施等，与文化相关。所以在杂志的文化部分可以读到这篇文章。 主题01 人与社会——中国文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）When it comes to Chinese literature works about a mother’s love, few can compete with Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao’s poem Song of the Travelling Son. The poem presents a mother who sews clothes for her son by hand. Bathed in candlelight, she also worries about his travel away from home. Meng’s description of the mother shows the composition of the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”. Found on oracle bones (甲骨) from over 3,000 years ago, it was made up of two characters. There was “火 (fire)” on top and “衣 (clothes)” below, with three dots (点) that look like stitches. The lower part was later replaced by “力 (strength)” and a form symbolizing a house appeared above. The Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters explains the form as “When a house is on fire, it takes hard work to put it out.” While the form of the character has been simplified, its meaning has expanded to refer to work, labor (劳动) or toil. It is also associated with feelings like fatigue (疲劳). Since ancient times, Chinese society has looked down upon those who sponge off others. In modern times, the idea that “labor is glorious (光荣的)” has taken root. People who work hard and make great contributions to their community or country are respected as model workers. Since the 1980s, “劳” has become one of the five key qualities that China’s education system seeks to cultivate in students, along with “德 (virtue)” “智 (intelligence)” “体 (physical fitmess)” and “美 (appreciation for beauty)”. Primary and middle school students typically have at least one hour of“labor class” each week for labor theory and skills. However, cognitive (认知的) labor and manual (体力的) labor are not always considered equal. As ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “Those who labor with their minds govern (统治), while those who labor with their strength are governed.” Throughout history, many Chinese writers have had pity on people who worked hard to survive as poor farmers. In his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest, famous poet Bai Juyi expressed his shame at taking hundreds of kilograms of grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. No matter it is cognitive labor or manual labor, overwork can have serious results, which can cause illness or even death. To avoid such things, people are encouraged to achieve a balance between work and rest. 1．Which of the following is the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined phrase “sponge off” in Paragraph 3 mean in the passage? A．Laugh at. B．Learn from. C．Look after. D．Depend on. 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．The character “劳” meant fatigue in the very beginning. B．Bai Juyi governed the poor farmers without getting paid. C．Cognitive labor is considered to be equal to manual labor. D．Chinese students are expected to have the five key qualities. 4．The main purpose of this passage is to________. A．discuss the different types of labor in China B．explore the cultural meaning of labor in China C．introduce the history of the Chinese character “劳” D．compare ancient and modern Chinese literature works 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文从孟郊《游子吟》引入，介绍汉字“劳”的起源、演变及含义，讲述自古以来社会对劳动的看法，提到中国教育体系培养学生的五种关键品质中包含“劳”，还探讨了认知劳动和体力劳动的地位差异，呼吁人们平衡工作与休息。 1．细节理解题。根据“Found on oracle bones from over 3,000 years ago, it was made up of two characters. The upper part was ‘火 (fire)’ on top and ‘衣 (clothes)’ below, with three dots (点) that look like stitches.”可知，最早的“劳”字由“火”在上、“衣”在下以及类似针脚的三个点组成。故选B。 2．词句推测题。根据“Since ancient times, Chinese society has looked down upon those who...”可知，结合语境可知是古代社会看不起那些依赖他人、不劳而获的人，sponge off意思是“依赖；揩油”；D选项Depend on“依靠”符合。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Since the 1980s, ‘劳’ has become one of the five key qualities that China’s education system seeks to cultivate in students”可知，中国学生被期望具备这五种关键品质。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读原文可知，文章围绕汉字“劳”展开，介绍其含义、社会对劳动的看法等，主要目的是探索中国劳动的文化意义。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）During the Spring Festival, Liu Huimin and other craftsmen (工匠) set up a furnace (熔炉) and inside it, there is liquid iron. When the furnace is red-hot, the craftsmen scoop up the molten (熔化的) iron and hit it hard with a board. The sparks (火花) scatter everywhere. It’s called Da Tiehua in Chinese, a traditional folk art in China. It is popular in Henan and Shanxi provinces. It first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty (960 — 1127), and it became popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Inspired by the process of forging iron, the blacksmiths splash (泼洒) the molten iron onto the brick walls of a castle. The sparks are just like fireworks. The performance is a way of praying for good luck and avoiding misfortune. When villagers open a business or get married, they invite Liu and his team to spray (喷洒) the molten iron for the celebration. “In the past, rich people set off fireworks, while poor people had to spray the molten iron instead. My family couldn’t afford the fireworks. So my grandfather used a stove and a blower to spray the molten iron for us,” Liu said. According to Liu, the furnace should be preheated for nearly 40 minutes, and the internal temperature should be higher than 1,500℃. Only in this way can the liquid iron be fine and smooth for the amazing sparks. On the day of the performance, the craftsmen put iron pieces into the furnace. It warms up the cold air of early spring. When the night falls, the performance begins. Using a big ladle, a man throws the molten iron into the sky before hitting it with a board soaked (浸泡) in cold water. Bang! The red-hot molten iron explodes into dazzling sparks. Shining stars are all over the sky, covering the performer like a golden umbrella. The show is quite wonderful against the night sky, and it is in some ways better than real fireworks. With the shower of sparks, the whole village is lit under the red sky at night, being a sign of a rich and successful life in the future. People sit around the furnace, smiling with satisfaction and happiness on their faces. 1．When do craftsmen usually perform Da Tiehua according to the passage? A．Only during the Spring Festival. B．During the Spring Festival and celebrations like weddings or new businesses. C．Every weekend in Henan and Shanxi. D．Only when rich people ask for it. 2．What does the underlined word “misfortune” mean? A．Illness. B．Bad luck. C．Happiness. D．Friendship. 3．Why did Liu Huimin’s grandfather use a stove and a blower to spray molten iron? A．Because he was a professional craftsman. B．Because it was a traditional family skill. C．Because his family couldn’t afford fireworks. D．Because rich people asked him to do so. 4．What is the main purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce a traditional folk art. B．To ask people to watch the Da Tiehua performance. C．To talk about an important festival. D．To show the festival activities of Shanxi people. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统民俗“打铁花”，包括其表演形式、历史渊源、文化意义及传承故事。 1．第1段提到“During the Spring Festival, Liu Huimin and other craftsmen set up a furnace”，第3段提到“When villagers open a business or get married, they invite Liu and his team to spray the molten iron for the celebration”，可知工匠通常在春节及婚礼、新店开业等庆祝场合表演打铁花。 2．第2段提到“The performance is a way of praying for good luck and avoiding misfortune”，结合语境“misfortune”对应的含义是坏运气。 3．第4段明确“My family couldn’t afford the fireworks. So my grandfather used a stove and a blower to spray the molten iron for us”，可知原因是他家负担不起烟花。 4．文中介绍了打铁花“first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty”的历史、“the sparks are just like fireworks”的表演效果，以及它是“a traditional folk art in China”的属性，全文核心目的是介绍这项传统民俗技艺。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏无锡·一模）“It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines (矿山) , dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising. “Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating (欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ①However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “②The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature.” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇人物采访，通过赏石爱好者金慧林的视角，介绍了南京雨花石的特点、采集方法以及赏石的文化内涵，展现了赏石不仅是观其形色，更是一种文化与心境的体现。 1．文章开头直接引用了金慧林对雨花石的感受：“It is especially beautiful...seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive.”，这是通过讲述某人的观点来引出话题。 2．文中金慧林提到：“It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising.” 说明在干燥天气下浇水可以帮助看清雨花石的真实花纹。 3．句子“So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” 表达的是赏石与自我观照的关系。文中②处金慧林说“The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness.”，强调所选之石反映个人文化修养，与这句话含义一致，因此应放在②处。 4．文中提到“With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers.”，说明雨花石中可以看到山、花等不同图案。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模） ① Have you ever thought that an actor can change his face on stage in the blink of an eye? It’s not just an amazing performance skill, but also the secret weapon (武器) of Sichuan Opera. ② The“face-changing” skill in Sichuan Opera is very special. It actually comes from the wisdom of ancient people. Long ago, people painted different patterns (模式) on their faces to scare off (吓跑) wild animals and keep themselves safe. Over time, this method has turned into a performance skill in drama. ③You can see the actor’s face suddenly change to red, white, or blue. These changes are not done randomly (随机地), they have deep meanings, and they allow the audience to feel the character’s happiness, anger, sadness, or nervousness. So, how does he do the face-changing? There are three methods of face-changing in Sichuan Opera: smearing (涂抹), blowing, and pulling the face. Each method is very interesting. ④“Smearing the face” is the easiest method. The actor smears colored paints on his face. With just a quick smear, the face colour changes quickly, showing a different expression. ⑤Next is “blowing the face.” The actor uses a small box filled with gold powder (粉末), silver powder, and other fine powders, Standing by the box, he makes a dance move and blows the powder onto his face, and quickly changes to another face. ⑥ Lastly, “pulling the face” is the most complicated one. The actor paints different face patterns on silk cloth, ties them with thread, and hides them in his clothes. As the story develops, he pulls the face off one by one and puts on a new one. ⑦ Face-changing is not only the symbol of Sichuan Opera, but also an important part of Sichuan’s culture. So, next time you watch a Sichuan Opera performance, try to pay attention to the actor’s face, and see how he cleverly changes his face to show different emotions (情感). 1．Why did ancient people paint their faces long ago? A．To look beautiful. B．To perform dances. C．To drive away animals. D．To make friends. 2．In which method does the actor use coloured paints to change his face? A．Pulling. B．Smearing. C．Blowing. D．Hiding. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．The actor changes his face to red, white, or blue randomly. B．The actor changes his face to show his colourful clothes. C．The actor changes his face to show the character’s feelings. D．The actor sells silk masks by using the “face-changing” skill. 4．Which would be the best structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了川剧变脸这一特色表演技艺。 1．根据第二段第三句“Long ago, people painted different patterns on their faces to scare off wild animals and keep themselves safe.”可知，古时候人们在脸上画图案是为了吓跑野兽。 2．根据第四段第一句和第二句“Smearing the face is the easiest method. The actor smears colored paints on his face.”可知，演员使用颜料变脸的方法是涂抹法。 3．根据第三段第二句和第三句“These changes are not done randomly, they have deep meanings, and they allow the audience to feel the character’s happiness, anger, sadness, or nervousness.”可知，演员变脸是为了展现角色的情感。 4．根据文章结构，①②段引出川剧变脸并介绍其起源，③④⑤⑥段介绍变脸的色彩寓意和三种方法，⑦段总结变脸的文化意义，为总分总的结构。 主题02 人与社会——社会生活 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·一模）The 2026 Government Work Report clearly says that China will support qualified (符合条件的) areas to carry out spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students, while putting into practice the wrong-time paid leave system for workers. As a hot topic, the policy has been tested in provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan with useful experience. These short holidays bring many good points to students. They can lower study pressure after long-time learning and help students keep healthy both in body and mind. With nice and comfortable weather, students can go out of classrooms to take part in real activities, including farming experiences, nature watching and local culture learning. In this way, book knowledge is turned into real-life experience. The holidays also bring good points to families. Wrong-time leave lets parents spend happy time with their children at lower costs, away from the large crowds of busy travel seasons. Many families choose to travel, visit relatives or go to museums together, making family ties closer. At the same time, the holidays help develop local tourism and economy, making a win-win situation for education and society. However, difficulties still exist in the policy’s carrying out. The main problem is that many working parents cannot look after their children during the holidays. To solve this, many schools offer childcare services with colorful activities, and local communities offer more activities for students. The holidays can also be set freely according to local situations. In short, spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students are an important educational change. They show a turn from exam-centered education to a focus on all-round development. With joint efforts from families, schools and society, these holidays will help students grow in a healthier and more meaningful way. 1．Why are the holidays good for society and education? A．They make schools have longer teaching time. B．They help develop local tourism and create a win-win situation. C．They let parents spend less time with their children. D．They make people travel only during busy seasons. 2．What does the writer imply (暗示) about the future of this policy? A．It will be cancelled soon because of the high cost. B．It will be more successful with the help of the whole society. C．Students will hate the holidays because of too much homework. D．Parents will refuse to take their children out during the holidays. 3．What can we know about the challenges of the policy? A．Schools can do nothing to help working parents. B．Many working parents have difficulty looking after their kids. C．The holidays must be set in the same way across the country. D．Communities don’t offer any activities for students. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中小学春秋假期新政的试点情况，阐述了该政策对学生、家庭和社会的益处，分析了推行中的困难及应对措施，并肯定了这项教育改革的长远意义。 1．第三段末尾指出：“the holidays help develop local tourism and economy, making a win-win situation for education and society.”，说明春秋假期助力地方文旅发展，形成教育与社会的双赢，符合题意。 2．最后一段指出：“With joint efforts from families, schools and society, these holidays will help students grow…”，暗示在全社会共同努力下，这项政策未来会推行得更好。 3．第四段指出：“The main problem is that many working parents cannot look after their children during the holidays.”，点明政策推行的主要难题是上班族家长无暇照看孩子。 4．①段：总起，介绍春秋假期新政及试点情况；②③段：分述，分别介绍假期对学生、家庭、社会经济的好处；④段：分述，说明政策推行存在的困难与解决办法；⑤段：总结，评价政策意义与未来发展。C选项符合。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏盐城·一模）Many of us may have experienced the pleasant moment of seeing recommended songs after we listened to some songs on a music app. When we open shopping websites, we often see things we want to buy on the home page. If you want to take a taxi on a taxi app, it can even guess where you want to go before you tell it! Aren’t these things amazing? This is based on data (数据). Data is no longer only about numbers, but information from almost every side of our lives: our shopping habits, interests or what we eat. All of this is called “big data”. China is speeding up its big data strategy (策略) to better serve social and economic (经济) development. As a result, people’s lives can be improved as well. It is also expected that there will be greater use of big data in areas like education, social safety and medical treatment. We have seen big data being used more often in China in the past few years. The use of it in tourism(旅游业) is just one example. Many travelers today like to share their experiences with others on the Internet. All the data that travelers share online is helping the tourism industry get a lot of information. After the data is analyzed (分析), these tour sights and service providers can better understand travelers’ needs. So services will be improved, which is helpful to the development of the whole industry. As a result, travelers can expect better tours in the future. Moreover, big data is also an important growth tool for economic development. With a growth rate of 30 percent every year, sales of the big data industry in China will reach one trillion (万亿) yuan yearly by 2030. Having so many positive influences, big data is sure to be seen more and more in China. 1．How does the writer start the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By showing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．Big data doesn’t improve people’s life or serve the social development. B．Big data is only used in China’s tourism industry to reduce costs. C．Analyzing travelers’ online-shared data can help improve tourism services. D．The growth speed of the big data industry in China will slow down by 2030. 3．Which of the following words can describe the writer’s feeling towards big data? A．Hopeful B．Careful C．Dissatisfied D．Doubtful 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Big Data: Helping Economic Growth B．Data Strategy: Driving Tourism Development C．Big Data: Influencing Daily Lives Positively D．Data Strategy: Changing Shopping Habits 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大数据在生活中的应用场景。 1．根据第一段第一句到第三句“Many of us may have experienced the pleasant moment of seeing recommended songs after we listened to some songs on a music app. When we open shopping websites, we often see things we want to buy on the home page. If you want to take a taxi on a taxi app, it can even guess where you want to go before you tell it!”可知，作者通过列举音乐软件、购物网站、打车软件的例子展开文章。 2．根据第三段第四句和第五句“All the data that travelers share online is helping the tourism industry get a lot of information. After the data is analyzed, these tour sights and service providers can better understand travelers’ needs. So services will be improved”可知，分析游客在线分享的数据有助于改善旅游服务。 3．根据最后一段最后一句“Having so many positive influences, big data is sure to be seen more and more in China.”以及文中对大数据诸多积极作用的描述可知，作者对大数据的发展充满希望。 4．根据全文围绕大数据展开，介绍了其在日常生活中的应用，以及在旅游业、经济发展等方面的积极影响和美好前景可知，文章的最佳标题是“大数据：积极影响日常生活”。 主题03 人与自然——天体与宇宙 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Scientists are confused about two newly discovered stars. The two stars, one of which was announced this month in the journal Nature, send out long pulses (脉冲) of radio waves about every 20 minutes. This means they move much more slowly, and they have other characteristics that astronomers can’t explain. “We are all still quite amazed, ” says astronomer Natasha Hurley-Walker, who led the discovery of both of these surprising sources. The mystery began in 2021, when Hurley-Walker and her colleagues discovered a slowly repeating radio pulse. It shone for three months. But by the time they discovered it in the records, its activity had died down, and it had become invisible in the skies. In a January 2022 paper, the scientists suggested the object could be a kind of star called a magnetar (磁陀星). But the object, with the name GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3, sent out a pulse every 18 minutes instead of every few seconds like known magnetars. It also had no X-ray signal associated with the radio emission (发射), which doesn’t fit with magnetar theories. And strangely, the object’s magnetic field was likely much stronger than previously seen. So the scientists began looking for other similar objects. In June 2022. Hurley-Walker and her colleagues began observing the entire visible sky every three nights. Almost immediately, they found something that sent out a radio flash every 21 minutes. At first glance, it looked similar to the previously discovered object. But once the team began to dig through data for additional pulses from this source, named GPM J1839-10, the object seemed more perplexing. Unlike the first star, the signal of J1839-10 was detected over decades. For now, researchers assume both objects are the same. But why would one flash for three months and the other for 33 years and counting? “I don’t know,” says Hurley-Walker.“That’s the problem.” 1．What can be learned about the two newly discovered stars? A．They were made public in Nature this month. B．They move at the slowest speed of all known stars. C．They send out short radio waves every 20 minutes. D．They are unlike the stars astronomers have seen before. 2．How often do known magnetars send out a pulse? A．Every 18 minutes. B．Every 20 minutes. C．Every 21 minutes. D．Every few seconds. 3．What drove scientists to look for the second star? A．Strange characteristics of the first star. B．The assumption of the magnetar theories. C．Radio waves research project. D．The government's guidance program. 4．What’s Hurley-Walker’s reaction towards the result of their observation? A．Critical. B．Puzzled C．Defensive. D．Favorable. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家发现的两颗新恒星，它们每隔约20分钟发出长脉冲无线电波，运动速度较慢，且具有其他无法解释的特征。这两颗恒星与已知的磁陀星不同，引发了科学家的困惑。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“move much more slowly, and they have other characteristics that astronomers can’t explain...‘We are all still quite amazed,’ ”可知，它们有天文学家无法解释的特征，且科学家表示惊讶，说明其独特性。故推测出它们与天文学家之前见过的恒星不同。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“But the object, with the name GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3, sent out a pulse every 18 minutes instead of every few seconds like known magnetars.”可知，已知磁陀星的脉冲频率是每几秒一次。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“It also had no X-ray signal associated with the radio emission (发射), which doesn’t fit with magnetar theories. And strangely, the object’s magnetic field was likely much stronger than previously seen. So the scientists began looking for other similar objects.”可知，因为第一颗恒星不符合磁陀星理论，且磁场异常强。所以科学家开始寻找类似天体。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“But why would one flash for three months and the other for 33 years and counting? ‘I don’t know,’ says Hurley-Walker. ‘That’s the problem.’ ”可知，Hurley-Walker面对两颗恒星的差异（一颗闪烁三个月，一颗已闪烁33年）表示 “我不知道，这就是问题所在”，体现出困惑的态度。故选B。 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment（失业） from your computer major(专业课) classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” requires people who are flexible(灵活的) and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial（管理的） success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suitable for change, which is the leading feature(特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs,but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level (入门的) positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most important quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important”, by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably because of these skills that they have been offered different kinds of positions. Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study. 1．By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have________. A．shared the jokes with computer majors B．achieved as much as computer majors C．stopped joking about computer majors D．found jobs more easily than computer majors 2．Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ________. A．are ready to change when situations change B．are better able to deal with difficulties C．are equally good at computer skills D．are likely to give others pressure(压力) 3．The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A．keep for some time B．successfully get C．start at once D．lose regretfully 4．According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs? A．Willingness to take low-paid jobs. B．Readiness to get high-tech knowledge. C．Skills in expressing themselves. D．Part-time work experience. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述社会科学专业的毕业生找工作要更容易的原因，因为高科技信息时代要求人要灵活、要有好的沟通技能；社会科学专业的毕业生能管理更成功，适于变化，沟通技能好。 1．句意猜测题。根据“There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” requires people who are flexible and who have good communication skills”可知社会科学的毕业生比计算机专业的更有优势，更容易找到工作，因为信息时代要求人们灵活和好的沟通技能。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“social science majors are most suitable for change”可知社会科学专业的学生更适合于变化。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“the first job”可知此处表示“成功地找到工作”，land相当于successfully get。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” requires people who are flexible and who have good communication skills”以及倒数第二段“The study also showed that the most important quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills”可知找到工作最重要的一个特征是沟通技能，可知如何表达自己，如何与人沟通交流是很重要的。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模）You get home from school, eat a snack, play soccer, finish your homework, eat dinner, and finally, go to bed. Too many teens are busy with their school activities, but in the end, does that pay off? How many after-school activities do you take part in? Three? Four? Are they worth your time? Think about it. Your grades may be falling but you keep telling yourself what you’re learning is really hard and you’re still trying your best. Don’t believe it, you’re lying to yourself. You’re not the only one with that problem. Across the United States, teens’ free time has decreased greatly. If you really feel like you’re too busy, cut back on what you do. I know that sounds like a crazy idea, but try it. You’ll have more time to relax. William Doherty, a professor of the Department of Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota says, “What happens when children are over-scheduled is that they get more stressed out, become angry easily or don’t get enough sleep, and in general their health may worsen. Here’s the biggest problem: many teens are so busy with activities because their parents want colleges to think their children are well-rounded students. But many colleges don’t consider children with the busiest schedules to be top students, resulting in lower grades. The big question remains: is it really worth your time? You may have fun when you do these activities, but what about when you get home? Is it fun rushing to do your homework at 10:00 p.m.? Is it fun constantly telling yourself to stay awake at school? Or is it fun not having free time to hang out with your friends? I don’t think so. Part of growing up is having time with friends. If you always do activities, when are you going to have time? The best advice I can give you is to balance your life. It’s fun and good for you to take part in after-school activities, but sometimes too many activities are not good for you. The best way to live your life is to balance it out. Try it, and you’ll like it. 1．By saying “you’re lying to yourself” in Paragraph 2, the writer means that you ________. A．are not very busy actually B．don’t understand yourself C．are not working hard enough D．don’t have enough activities 2．The writer uses William Doherty’s words in Paragraph 3 to show ________. A．the result of bad health B．the harm of being too busy C．the result of not working hard D．the risk of having too much stress 3．A lot of parents make their children take part in many activities to show that their children ________. A．are very active B．work very hard C．enjoy good health D．develop in an all-round way 4．What is the writer’s advice for teenagers? A．Keeping a good balance between their study and after-school activities B．Taking part in as many after-school activities as possible to have fun C．Spending more time in learning with friends D．Trying their best to become top students 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】文章大意：太多青少年忙于各种活动而成绩却并不见好，青少年的空闲时间过少，压力太大，作者建议青少年平衡自己的生活，太多活动未必是好事。 1．句意猜测题。根据第二段中“Your grades may be falling but you keep telling yourself what you’re learning is really hard and you’re still trying your best. Don’t believe it, you’re lying to yourself.”可知成绩下降时一直说自己尽力了，是学习的内容太难，这是在对自己撒谎，由此可知作者的意思是“你学习并没有足够努力”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第三段中William Doherty的话“What happens when children are over-scheduled is that they get more stressed out, become angry easily or don’t get enough sleep, and in general their health may worsen.”意为“当孩子们的日程安排过多时，他们会感到更大的压力，很容易生气，或者睡眠不足，总的来说，他们的健康状况可能会恶化。”，这是在说明太忙的坏处。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Here’s the biggest problem: many teens are so busy with activities because their parents want colleges to think their children are well-rounded students.”可知许多父母让孩子们参加许多活动是希望大学认为他们的孩子是全面发展的学生。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The best advice I can give you is to balance your life.”可知作者的建议是在学习和课外活动之间保持良好的平衡。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏无锡·一模）Bedtime comes every night, but what if you’re not feeling sleepy? Should you still head to bed even if you know you’ll just lie there with your eyes open? This problem has been around for as long as people have been trying to get a good night’s sleep. In order to find the best solution for you, it’s necessary to find out what’s keeping you awake at night. You might be excited about something that happened during the day. Perhaps you’re nervous about what’s coming up the next day. Maybe you don’t like sleeping alone in your room. All of these could be reasons for your sleeping problems. However, there are several steps you can take to help you solve them. One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re worrying about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about having too much stress, it can really help to tell somebody. Knowing that someone has listened to you can ease (宽慰) your mind, helping you to get a good rest. Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is another good choice. If there’s anything in your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious (焦虑的) at night, such as a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a noisy tap in the bathroom, be sure to ask your parents to move or fix it. Also, make sure to keep electronics like mobile phones or iPads away from your bed. They can keep you excited, and make it harder for you to fall asleep. If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand (预先) may help you fall asleep. Try to take more time to wind down by taking a warm bath, or listening to music for at least 10 minutes before you go to sleep. It’s also helpful to follow a bedtime routine (惯例) and go to sleep at the same time every night. This way, your body will receive the message that it’s almost time to sleep. Your body will learn to start feeling tired, and it’s worth the time and effort to develop a good sleeping habit. 1．To get a good sleep, what does the writer advise you to do first? A．To go to bed at a certain time every night. B．To do something to make you tired in the day. C．To stay away from electronics before going to bed. D．To know the exact reason why you stay awake at night. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Create a good sleep environment. B．Keep the room quiet and cool. C．Make your bedroom comfortable. D．Stay away from electronics. 3．What does the underlined phrase “wind down” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Stay awake. B．Keep clean. C．Get relaxed. D．Feel sleepy. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕夜晚难以入睡的问题展开，说明解决失眠问题首先要明确失眠原因，同时介绍了多个帮助改善睡眠、养成良好睡眠习惯的可行方法。 1．第二段开头指出：“In order to find the best solution for you, it’s necessary to find out what’s keeping you awake at night”，这直接说明想要睡个好觉，首先要做的是弄清楚自己夜晚无法入睡的确切原因。 2．第四段开头点明核心方向，提出要在舒适安静的环境睡眠，接着说明要移除房间内让人焦虑不安的物品，还要将电子设备移离床铺，所有内容都围绕“创造良好的睡眠环境”展开。 3．根据前文“If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep”可知，睡前焦躁时需要提前做放松活动；后文“by taking a warm bath, or listening to music”提到的洗温水澡、听音乐，这些都是这类放松活动的举例，因此wind down的含义为“放松”。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京·一模）Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8 C, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions,” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 1．What is the key reason a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 2．How did the psychological team help astronauts adapt to life in the cave? A．By recording their health data. B．By giving individual guidance. C．By using group support methods. D．By arranging (安排) specific social activities. 3．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模） The basic aerodynamics used to make a paper airplane is very similar to the aerodynamics of a real plane. A simple piece of paper will fall down when it is dropped. But if we fold the paper in a specific manner, it will fly. There are four types of forces in physics that play important roles in making a paper airplane soar in the air. Surely lift is a force that holds the airplane in the air. It acts directly against the weight of the airplane. Though the whole plane uses this force, the wings are the ones that bring it to the maximum level. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the wings are responsible for turning the flow of air. Thrust is the forward force that is used to push the airplane in the forward direction. It comes from the engines of a real aircraft, but for a paper airplane, the human hand artificially produces this force while throwing the plane hard into air. Drag, also known as air resistance, is a force to prevent an object moving in gas or liquid. This force stops the movement of the aircraft in air. It occurs due to the surface friction between the solid surface of the airplane and air molecules. This too acts through the center of pressure of the object. Another force is gravity acting on the airplane and continually trying to pull it down towards the earth. A real aircraft makes use of many lift, drag, and thrust forces against the gravitational force. In case of a paper airplane, when we fly it in the air with some energy, it uses that energy to stay in air for some time. As the energy goes on reducing, the plane moves downwards. As a result, the airplane fails to remain in the sky when all the energy is exhausted. The wetness of the air also has a great effect on the flight of a paper airplane. As paper takes in water, it changes the density of the airplane finally. So making the airplane out of a thick piece of paper proves to be more effective. A real plane has additional parts used for efficient flying. To some degree, the weight of the passengers and luggage affect the above types of forces. Therefore, next time you make a paper airplane, keep in mind these points to make one that has a long-lasting flight. 1．The force of lift is used by ________ to hold the airplane in the air. A．only the wings B．the engines C．both the surfaces D．the whole plane 2．Which is the right chart showing the four types of forces? A．B．C． D． 3．The underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 6 most probably means “________”. A．used up completely B．filled up immediately C．pushed forward heavily D．acted on the plane strongly 4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A real aircraft can only make use of one or two types of the forces mentioned. B．The paper plane made out of thick paper is unable to have a long-lasting flight. C．Aerodynamics studies the movements of the air and the moving object in the air. D．Compared with sunny days, the paper plane can fly much farther when it is wet. Passage 3 （2026·江苏南京·一模）Like millions of Americans, I am dyslexic (有读写障碍的). I can’t remember which side is my right and which is my left. I know this makes no sense. After all, I have no problem telling the difference between other things. I know up from down. I know black from white. I know forks from spoons. And yet, I do not know left from right. My brain is not wired that way. This is true for many dyslexics, and I suspect multimodal large language models (MLLMs) may be dyslexic too. As a kid with dyslexia, school was very hard for me. For example, we humans created two lowercase (小写字体的) letters in the English alphabet — “b” and “d” — that are only different because one points left and one points right. For decades, I could not tell the difference. This is a very common problem among dyslexics. The same is true for telling time on traditional clock faces — it only makes sense if you know the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise. These challenges don’t end in elementary school. I still remember getting a problem wrong in a physics class at Stanford because I applied the “right-hand rule” with my left hand. Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence — your brain just works differently from the people who created the cultural conventions we use in symbolic languages, mathematics, and many branches of science. I surely know what’s going on. It all relates to the “mind’s eye.” By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial (空间的) elements in memory. When I recall things in my mind (objects, environments, images, or text), I don’t visualize them from a fixed first-person perspective. I think about them from all directions at once. This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos. These models are remarkable. They can match or exceed human performance on countless tasks, for example, diagnosing cancers from visual slides better than any human. And yet, a recent study found a surprising result: Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟). According to the study, GPT-4.0 was only able to correctly read clock faces 8% of the time. Claude-3-5-sonnet was worse at 6%. Gemini 2.0 was the best, but still at only 20%. These numbers are surprisingly low, especially when you consider that these AI models can perform so well in other contexts. This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test. 1．The phrase “mind’s eye” (paragraph 4) refers to ______. A．literal visual perception through biological eyes B．a medical device used to treat dyslexia C．the brain’s ability to form and store mental images D．a metaphor for intelligence quotient (IQ) 2．What does the underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Learn. B．Understand. C．Explain. D．Translate. 3．Why do MLLMs struggle to read analog clocks accurately, according to the passage? A．Their cognitive process of spatial information is similar to that of dyslexic humans. B．They were primarily trained on digital clocks, leaving analog clock recognition underdeveloped. C．Clock faces require understanding of cultural conventions, which AI lacks compared to humans. D．Their visual recognition systems focus more on object detection like cancer diagnosis than directional interpretation. 4．Why does the author emphasize that he failed a physics task due to left-right confusion yet ultimately earned a PhD? A．To argue that universities should lower some standards for dyslexic students B．To suggest AI could make up for human limitations in scientific research. C．To reflect that physics is uniquely difficult for people with spatial processing differences. D．To highlight that dyslexia’s problems are particular rather than reflective of overall intellectual ability. 5．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Complete Guide to Dyslexia Treatments B．When Machines Mirror Human Learning disabilities C．Are Large Language Models Dyslexic? D．Why Schools Must Adapt to Dyslexic Students 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·江苏连云港·一模）Humans have been trying to predict the weather since long before any tool came into use. Written records show that people began to make weather forecasts thousands of years ago, using all kinds of natural elements (元素). Even today, some mountain climbers, hikers, and sailors still depend partly on these elements to know about weather changes. How do they make predictions? Watching the sky has always been a popular way to predict the weather. Clouds change noticeably when a storm is coming, so they are generally an accurate sign of what’s to come. For example, dark clouds are always a sign of bad weather, while low white cottony clouds promise bright weather. If you see a red sky in the morning, then it means that there is clear weather in the east where the sun is rising, but bad weather in the west. A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain. Another popular way is to watch animals. Animals can sense changes in the weather that humans cannot. For example, if ants move their nests or birds fly close to the ground, it might mean rain is coming. Other animal behaviors have not been studied closely, but they are still part of weather lore (气象谚语). One example is squirrels collecting an unusually large amount of food as a sign of an upcoming cold winter. Besides, listening to the human body can also help predict the weather. Before a storm, people who have old injuries or have problems with their joints often feel more pain. Although these ways are not always perfectly accurate, they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years. 1．Why does the writer ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To explain the result. B．To compare differences. C．To introduce the topic. D．To check readers’ knowledge. 2．Which of the following may be a sign of an upcoming rain? A．Low white cottony clouds. B．A ring of light around the moon. C．Birds flying close to the ground. D．Squirrels collecting plenty of food. 3．How does the writer feel about the old ways to predict the weather? A．They need more scientific studies. B．They work well in modern society. C．They carry something meaningful. D．They show humans’ love for nature. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Sky Signs for Weather Changes B．Natural Ways to Predict the Weather C．History of Early Weather Forecasts D．Weather Wisdom from Ancient People Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Some dishes give off an unmistakable air of elegance. Take a flawlessly clear consomme (清炖肉汤), for instance. Others are less so, like a pizza with a dense crust. And then there are dishes that seem to bridge the gap, appearing on menus across the range of taste and class. The chocolate fondant is one such dessert, loved for its simple, rich pleasure and luxury. The origins of the chocolate fondant are somewhat disputed, with two significant French chefs laying claim to its invention. The first is Michel Bras, a Michelin-starred chef who, in 1981, crafted the coulant au chocolate—a dessert with a warm, sticky center inspired by memories of a hot cup of chocolate after a cold day in the mountains. The second is Jean-Georges Vongerichten, another influential chef who, in 1987, created the fondant while experimenting in New York. His version featured small chocolate cakes with a molten (融化的) center due to a happy accident: he had removed them from the oven too early. Despite the small accident, diners were delighted, and Vongerichten perfected the recipe that would become his signature dish. Though different in technique, both chefs shared a vision of the fondant as a fancy, rich treat, a dessert designed to satisfy both the taste buds (味蕾) and a desire for elegance. Initially, it was a delicacy reserved for high-end dining rooms and the most exclusive restaurants. In America, it became a symbol of refined dessert culture, representing a particular kind of elegance. The simplicity of the fondant—a single-serving dessert with a molten core—belies its complexity. Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flows at the exact moment of cutting are the challenges that only a skilled chef can consistently conquer. There’s an element of anticipation built into the experience: will the warm chocolate flow or remain disappointingly solid? By the 1990s, Alain Ducasse, another highly regarded chef, observed that the fondant had become so popular that restaurants felt nearly forced to include it on their menus. It became the defining dessert of the era, with chains and takeaway joints adopting their own versions. Over time, the fondant evolved into what many now know as the “molten chocolate cake” or “chocolate lava cake”. The dessert began to appear in grocery stores and at Valentine’s Day promotions, as brands like Costco, Aldi, and Walmart capitalized on its widespread appeal. 1．What can be learned about the origin of the chocolate fondant from the passage? A．The dish was first introduced in grocery stores. B．The true inventor of the dish remains uncertain. C．Both inventors drew inspiration from their cooking experiences. D．The creation of the dish was more intentional than accidental. 2．What does the word “belies” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Reveals B．Defines. C．Masks. D．Explains. 3．According to the last paragraph, what contributed to the further development of the chocolate fondant? A．The cooperation between grocery stores and restaurants to promote the dessert. B．Chefs simplified the recipe to make it easier for home cooks to prepare. C．The decision to market the dessert for Valentine’s Day promotions. D．Restaurants felt pressured to offer the dessert due to its popularity. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The chocolate fondant’s simplicity makes it easy for chefs to prepare. B．The chocolate fondant has gone from a high-end dessert to a common treat. C．The chocolate fondant originates in France and then spread to the whole world. D．The chocolate fondant is superior to other desserts because of its molten center. 主题03 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城·一模）A new mental (心理的) health hotline, 12356, was put into use in several provinces across China in January. The number leaves out “4” because it sounds like the word for “trouble” in Chinese. This gives it a funny nickname: the “no trouble” hotline. In Beijing, nearly 500 calls were received in the first five days, for a total of 170 hours of advice. 12356 will be usable nationwide starting May 1. Mental health is a major topic today. A survey showed that about 95 million people in China suffer from depression (抑郁). If you include other mental health problems, the number is much higher. Li Mengyang was diagnosed (诊断) with serious depression in 2020. His doctor said that too much work was a direct cause. But Li believes that his unsatisfied personal purposes and not being able to express himself were the deep causes. His case is echoed (回响) by many across China, where work, family and other stresses are common. So far, most callers to 12356 are between the ages of 19 and 45, though the elderly and teenagers are also at high risk. The government has recognized the importance of mental health. In 2021, a special mental health department was set up to help provide counseling (咨询) services. Today, there are about 6,000 mental health service centers in the country, a 205% increase from 2010. But problems remain. Some patients are unwilling to ask for help. Also, such service isn’t yet available in every community, especially in the countryside. Still, 12356’s role as a lifeline is important. “It offers people the chance to talk to someone about their problems,” said a medical professor. “It’s an easy-to-reach support in times of mental troubles.” 1．What is 12356 according to the passage? A．A sign of no trouble. B．A door open to sick people of all ages. C．A telephone number for food support. D．A way to help solve mental problems. 2．Many numbers, such as 500, 170, 95 million, and 6000, are used to ________ in the passage. A．show mental illness is very serious. B．say that the government has tried its best C．prove that the writer is a very careful person D．give a clear picture of people suffering from depression 3．Which person is the most likely to call 12356 ? A．A 10-year-old student. B．An 18-year-old student. C．A 30-year-old woman. D．A 60-year-old woman. 4．Which of the following is the best title? A．How to reduce depression B．12356 takes your trouble away C．Mental health needs more care D．Many people suffer from depression 主题04 人与自我——中国文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）The old lanes (巷子) of the Beijing hutong were there hundreds of years ago during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They kept not only the traditional culture, but also the way of life in the past. People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs. What’s more, it is a good way to learn more about the daily life of people in Beijing. A hutong is a lane formed by traditional courtyard compounds on both sides. The compounds are called siheyuan, meaning “four joined-together courtyard”. The hutongs have interesting names, which tell their origin, location or history. They are in these gray lanes where kids talk and play. One of China’s most famous writers, Lao She, was born in a siheyuan in the west of the city. The memories of his childhood in hutongs were so important to him that even after he had been away from Beijing for more than 20 years, he still clearly remembered them and wrote them into a novel called Four Generations Under One Roof. Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in. However, most hutongs are in great danger because more and more new buildings have been built. So, we should try our best to protect hutongs, the treasure of traditional culture. In order to protect hutongs, we need to take action. Firstly, we should call on people to pay attention to the importance of protecting hutongs. Besides, the government should also put forward methods to protect hutongs from being influenced by other new buildings. Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well. Let’s work together to protect hutongs and pass on our traditional culture to future generations. 1．What can people do in the Beijing hutongs? ①Go shopping. ②Eat delicious food. ③Watch the street life. ④Watch movies. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．How many siheyuan are there in Beijing for people to live in now? A．About 20,000. B．About 200,000. C．About 400,000. D．About 4,000,000. 3．Why should we encourage tourism in hutongs? A．To spread local culture. B．To make more money. C．To visit new buildings. D．To learn about hutongs. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．Science. C．Culture.     D． Health. 主题01 人与社会——中国文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）When it comes to Chinese literature works about a mother’s love, few can compete with Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao’s poem Song of the Travelling Son. The poem presents a mother who sews clothes for her son by hand. Bathed in candlelight, she also worries about his travel away from home. Meng’s description of the mother shows the composition of the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”. Found on oracle bones (甲骨) from over 3,000 years ago, it was made up of two characters. There was “火 (fire)” on top and “衣 (clothes)” below, with three dots (点) that look like stitches. The lower part was later replaced by “力 (strength)” and a form symbolizing a house appeared above. The Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters explains the form as “When a house is on fire, it takes hard work to put it out.” While the form of the character has been simplified, its meaning has expanded to refer to work, labor (劳动) or toil. It is also associated with feelings like fatigue (疲劳). Since ancient times, Chinese society has looked down upon those who sponge off others. In modern times, the idea that “labor is glorious (光荣的)” has taken root. People who work hard and make great contributions to their community or country are respected as model workers. Since the 1980s, “劳” has become one of the five key qualities that China’s education system seeks to cultivate in students, along with “德 (virtue)” “智 (intelligence)” “体 (physical fitmess)” and “美 (appreciation for beauty)”. Primary and middle school students typically have at least one hour of“labor class” each week for labor theory and skills. However, cognitive (认知的) labor and manual (体力的) labor are not always considered equal. As ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “Those who labor with their minds govern (统治), while those who labor with their strength are governed.” Throughout history, many Chinese writers have had pity on people who worked hard to survive as poor farmers. In his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest, famous poet Bai Juyi expressed his shame at taking hundreds of kilograms of grain every year as his pay without doing any farm work. No matter it is cognitive labor or manual labor, overwork can have serious results, which can cause illness or even death. To avoid such things, people are encouraged to achieve a balance between work and rest. 1．Which of the following is the earliest form of the Chinese character “劳”? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined phrase “sponge off” in Paragraph 3 mean in the passage? A．Laugh at. B．Learn from. C．Look after. D．Depend on. 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．The character “劳” meant fatigue in the very beginning. B．Bai Juyi governed the poor farmers without getting paid. C．Cognitive labor is considered to be equal to manual labor. D．Chinese students are expected to have the five key qualities. 4．The main purpose of this passage is to________. A．discuss the different types of labor in China B．explore the cultural meaning of labor in China C．introduce the history of the Chinese character “劳” D．compare ancient and modern Chinese literature works Passage 2 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）During the Spring Festival, Liu Huimin and other craftsmen (工匠) set up a furnace (熔炉) and inside it, there is liquid iron. When the furnace is red-hot, the craftsmen scoop up the molten (熔化的) iron and hit it hard with a board. The sparks (火花) scatter everywhere. It’s called Da Tiehua in Chinese, a traditional folk art in China. It is popular in Henan and Shanxi provinces. It first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty (960 — 1127), and it became popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Inspired by the process of forging iron, the blacksmiths splash (泼洒) the molten iron onto the brick walls of a castle. The sparks are just like fireworks. The performance is a way of praying for good luck and avoiding misfortune. When villagers open a business or get married, they invite Liu and his team to spray (喷洒) the molten iron for the celebration. “In the past, rich people set off fireworks, while poor people had to spray the molten iron instead. My family couldn’t afford the fireworks. So my grandfather used a stove and a blower to spray the molten iron for us,” Liu said. According to Liu, the furnace should be preheated for nearly 40 minutes, and the internal temperature should be higher than 1,500℃. Only in this way can the liquid iron be fine and smooth for the amazing sparks. On the day of the performance, the craftsmen put iron pieces into the furnace. It warms up the cold air of early spring. When the night falls, the performance begins. Using a big ladle, a man throws the molten iron into the sky before hitting it with a board soaked (浸泡) in cold water. Bang! The red-hot molten iron explodes into dazzling sparks. Shining stars are all over the sky, covering the performer like a golden umbrella. The show is quite wonderful against the night sky, and it is in some ways better than real fireworks. With the shower of sparks, the whole village is lit under the red sky at night, being a sign of a rich and successful life in the future. People sit around the furnace, smiling with satisfaction and happiness on their faces. 1．When do craftsmen usually perform Da Tiehua according to the passage? A．Only during the Spring Festival. B．During the Spring Festival and celebrations like weddings or new businesses. C．Every weekend in Henan and Shanxi. D．Only when rich people ask for it. 2．What does the underlined word “misfortune” mean? A．Illness. B．Bad luck. C．Happiness. D．Friendship. 3．Why did Liu Huimin’s grandfather use a stove and a blower to spray molten iron? A．Because he was a professional craftsman. B．Because it was a traditional family skill. C．Because his family couldn’t afford fireworks. D．Because rich people asked him to do so. 4．What is the main purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce a traditional folk art. B．To ask people to watch the Da Tiehua performance. C．To talk about an important festival. D．To show the festival activities of Shanxi people. Passage 3 （2026·江苏无锡·一模）“It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines (矿山) , dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising. “Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating (欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ①However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “②The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature.” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. Passage 3 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模） ① Have you ever thought that an actor can change his face on stage in the blink of an eye? It’s not just an amazing performance skill, but also the secret weapon (武器) of Sichuan Opera. ② The“face-changing” skill in Sichuan Opera is very special. It actually comes from the wisdom of ancient people. Long ago, people painted different patterns (模式) on their faces to scare off (吓跑) wild animals and keep themselves safe. Over time, this method has turned into a performance skill in drama. ③You can see the actor’s face suddenly change to red, white, or blue. These changes are not done randomly (随机地), they have deep meanings, and they allow the audience to feel the character’s happiness, anger, sadness, or nervousness. So, how does he do the face-changing? There are three methods of face-changing in Sichuan Opera: smearing (涂抹), blowing, and pulling the face. Each method is very interesting. ④“Smearing the face” is the easiest method. The actor smears colored paints on his face. With just a quick smear, the face colour changes quickly, showing a different expression. ⑤Next is “blowing the face.” The actor uses a small box filled with gold powder (粉末), silver powder, and other fine powders, Standing by the box, he makes a dance move and blows the powder onto his face, and quickly changes to another face. ⑥ Lastly, “pulling the face” is the most complicated one. The actor paints different face patterns on silk cloth, ties them with thread, and hides them in his clothes. As the story develops, he pulls the face off one by one and puts on a new one. ⑦ Face-changing is not only the symbol of Sichuan Opera, but also an important part of Sichuan’s culture. So, next time you watch a Sichuan Opera performance, try to pay attention to the actor’s face, and see how he cleverly changes his face to show different emotions (情感). 1．Why did ancient people paint their faces long ago? A．To look beautiful. B．To perform dances. C．To drive away animals. D．To make friends. 2．In which method does the actor use coloured paints to change his face? A．Pulling. B．Smearing. C．Blowing. D．Hiding. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．The actor changes his face to red, white, or blue randomly. B．The actor changes his face to show his colourful clothes. C．The actor changes his face to show the character’s feelings. D．The actor sells silk masks by using the “face-changing” skill. 4．Which would be the best structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 主题02 人与社会——社会生活 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·一模）The 2026 Government Work Report clearly says that China will support qualified (符合条件的) areas to carry out spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students, while putting into practice the wrong-time paid leave system for workers. As a hot topic, the policy has been tested in provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan with useful experience. These short holidays bring many good points to students. They can lower study pressure after long-time learning and help students keep healthy both in body and mind. With nice and comfortable weather, students can go out of classrooms to take part in real activities, including farming experiences, nature watching and local culture learning. In this way, book knowledge is turned into real-life experience. The holidays also bring good points to families. Wrong-time leave lets parents spend happy time with their children at lower costs, away from the large crowds of busy travel seasons. Many families choose to travel, visit relatives or go to museums together, making family ties closer. At the same time, the holidays help develop local tourism and economy, making a win-win situation for education and society. However, difficulties still exist in the policy’s carrying out. The main problem is that many working parents cannot look after their children during the holidays. To solve this, many schools offer childcare services with colorful activities, and local communities offer more activities for students. The holidays can also be set freely according to local situations. In short, spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students are an important educational change. They show a turn from exam-centered education to a focus on all-round development. With joint efforts from families, schools and society, these holidays will help students grow in a healthier and more meaningful way. 1．Why are the holidays good for society and education? A．They make schools have longer teaching time. B．They help develop local tourism and create a win-win situation. C．They let parents spend less time with their children. D．They make people travel only during busy seasons. 2．What does the writer imply (暗示) about the future of this policy? A．It will be cancelled soon because of the high cost. B．It will be more successful with the help of the whole society. C．Students will hate the holidays because of too much homework. D．Parents will refuse to take their children out during the holidays. 3．What can we know about the challenges of the policy? A．Schools can do nothing to help working parents. B．Many working parents have difficulty looking after their kids. C．The holidays must be set in the same way across the country. D．Communities don’t offer any activities for students. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （2026·江苏盐城·一模）Many of us may have experienced the pleasant moment of seeing recommended songs after we listened to some songs on a music app. When we open shopping websites, we often see things we want to buy on the home page. If you want to take a taxi on a taxi app, it can even guess where you want to go before you tell it! Aren’t these things amazing? This is based on data (数据). Data is no longer only about numbers, but information from almost every side of our lives: our shopping habits, interests or what we eat. All of this is called “big data”. China is speeding up its big data strategy (策略) to better serve social and economic (经济) development. As a result, people’s lives can be improved as well. It is also expected that there will be greater use of big data in areas like education, social safety and medical treatment. We have seen big data being used more often in China in the past few years. The use of it in tourism(旅游业) is just one example. Many travelers today like to share their experiences with others on the Internet. All the data that travelers share online is helping the tourism industry get a lot of information. After the data is analyzed (分析), these tour sights and service providers can better understand travelers’ needs. So services will be improved, which is helpful to the development of the whole industry. As a result, travelers can expect better tours in the future. Moreover, big data is also an important growth tool for economic development. With a growth rate of 30 percent every year, sales of the big data industry in China will reach one trillion (万亿) yuan yearly by 2030. Having so many positive influences, big data is sure to be seen more and more in China. 1．How does the writer start the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By showing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．Big data doesn’t improve people’s life or serve the social development. B．Big data is only used in China’s tourism industry to reduce costs. C．Analyzing travelers’ online-shared data can help improve tourism services. D．The growth speed of the big data industry in China will slow down by 2030. 3．Which of the following words can describe the writer’s feeling towards big data? A．Hopeful B．Careful C．Dissatisfied D．Doubtful 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Big Data: Helping Economic Growth B．Data Strategy: Driving Tourism Development C．Big Data: Influencing Daily Lives Positively D．Data Strategy: Changing Shopping Habits 主题03 人与自然——天体与宇宙 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Scientists are confused about two newly discovered stars. The two stars, one of which was announced this month in the journal Nature, send out long pulses (脉冲) of radio waves about every 20 minutes. This means they move much more slowly, and they have other characteristics that astronomers can’t explain. “We are all still quite amazed, ” says astronomer Natasha Hurley-Walker, who led the discovery of both of these surprising sources. The mystery began in 2021, when Hurley-Walker and her colleagues discovered a slowly repeating radio pulse. It shone for three months. But by the time they discovered it in the records, its activity had died down, and it had become invisible in the skies. In a January 2022 paper, the scientists suggested the object could be a kind of star called a magnetar (磁陀星). But the object, with the name GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3, sent out a pulse every 18 minutes instead of every few seconds like known magnetars. It also had no X-ray signal associated with the radio emission (发射), which doesn’t fit with magnetar theories. And strangely, the object’s magnetic field was likely much stronger than previously seen. So the scientists began looking for other similar objects. In June 2022. Hurley-Walker and her colleagues began observing the entire visible sky every three nights. Almost immediately, they found something that sent out a radio flash every 21 minutes. At first glance, it looked similar to the previously discovered object. But once the team began to dig through data for additional pulses from this source, named GPM J1839-10, the object seemed more perplexing. Unlike the first star, the signal of J1839-10 was detected over decades. For now, researchers assume both objects are the same. But why would one flash for three months and the other for 33 years and counting? “I don’t know,” says Hurley-Walker.“That’s the problem.” 1．What can be learned about the two newly discovered stars? A．They were made public in Nature this month. B．They move at the slowest speed of all known stars. C．They send out short radio waves every 20 minutes. D．They are unlike the stars astronomers have seen before. 2．How often do known magnetars send out a pulse? A．Every 18 minutes. B．Every 20 minutes. C．Every 21 minutes. D．Every few seconds. 3．What drove scientists to look for the second star? A．Strange characteristics of the first star. B．The assumption of the magnetar theories. C．Radio waves research project. D．The government's guidance program. 4．What’s Hurley-Walker’s reaction towards the result of their observation? A．Critical. B．Puzzled C．Defensive. D．Favorable. 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment（失业） from your computer major(专业课) classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” requires people who are flexible(灵活的) and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial（管理的） success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suitable for change, which is the leading feature(特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs,but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level (入门的) positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most important quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important”, by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably because of these skills that they have been offered different kinds of positions. Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study. 1．By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have________. A．shared the jokes with computer majors B．achieved as much as computer majors C．stopped joking about computer majors D．found jobs more easily than computer majors 2．Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ________. A．are ready to change when situations change B．are better able to deal with difficulties C．are equally good at computer skills D．are likely to give others pressure(压力) 3．The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A．keep for some time B．successfully get C．start at once D．lose regretfully 4．According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs? A．Willingness to take low-paid jobs. B．Readiness to get high-tech knowledge. C．Skills in expressing themselves. D．Part-time work experience. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模）You get home from school, eat a snack, play soccer, finish your homework, eat dinner, and finally, go to bed. Too many teens are busy with their school activities, but in the end, does that pay off? How many after-school activities do you take part in? Three? Four? Are they worth your time? Think about it. Your grades may be falling but you keep telling yourself what you’re learning is really hard and you’re still trying your best. Don’t believe it, you’re lying to yourself. You’re not the only one with that problem. Across the United States, teens’ free time has decreased greatly. If you really feel like you’re too busy, cut back on what you do. I know that sounds like a crazy idea, but try it. You’ll have more time to relax. William Doherty, a professor of the Department of Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota says, “What happens when children are over-scheduled is that they get more stressed out, become angry easily or don’t get enough sleep, and in general their health may worsen. Here’s the biggest problem: many teens are so busy with activities because their parents want colleges to think their children are well-rounded students. But many colleges don’t consider children with the busiest schedules to be top students, resulting in lower grades. The big question remains: is it really worth your time? You may have fun when you do these activities, but what about when you get home? Is it fun rushing to do your homework at 10:00 p.m.? Is it fun constantly telling yourself to stay awake at school? Or is it fun not having free time to hang out with your friends? I don’t think so. Part of growing up is having time with friends. If you always do activities, when are you going to have time? The best advice I can give you is to balance your life. It’s fun and good for you to take part in after-school activities, but sometimes too many activities are not good for you. The best way to live your life is to balance it out. Try it, and you’ll like it. 1．By saying “you’re lying to yourself” in Paragraph 2, the writer means that you ________. A．are not very busy actually B．don’t understand yourself C．are not working hard enough D．don’t have enough activities 2．The writer uses William Doherty’s words in Paragraph 3 to show ________. A．the result of bad health B．the harm of being too busy C．the result of not working hard D．the risk of having too much stress 3．A lot of parents make their children take part in many activities to show that their children ________. A．are very active B．work very hard C．enjoy good health D．develop in an all-round way 4．What is the writer’s advice for teenagers? A．Keeping a good balance between their study and after-school activities B．Taking part in as many after-school activities as possible to have fun C．Spending more time in learning with friends D．Trying their best to become top students Passage 3 （2026·江苏无锡·一模）Bedtime comes every night, but what if you’re not feeling sleepy? Should you still head to bed even if you know you’ll just lie there with your eyes open? This problem has been around for as long as people have been trying to get a good night’s sleep. In order to find the best solution for you, it’s necessary to find out what’s keeping you awake at night. You might be excited about something that happened during the day. Perhaps you’re nervous about what’s coming up the next day. Maybe you don’t like sleeping alone in your room. All of these could be reasons for your sleeping problems. However, there are several steps you can take to help you solve them. One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re worrying about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about having too much stress, it can really help to tell somebody. Knowing that someone has listened to you can ease (宽慰) your mind, helping you to get a good rest. Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is another good choice. If there’s anything in your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious (焦虑的) at night, such as a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a noisy tap in the bathroom, be sure to ask your parents to move or fix it. Also, make sure to keep electronics like mobile phones or iPads away from your bed. They can keep you excited, and make it harder for you to fall asleep. If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand (预先) may help you fall asleep. Try to take more time to wind down by taking a warm bath, or listening to music for at least 10 minutes before you go to sleep. It’s also helpful to follow a bedtime routine (惯例) and go to sleep at the same time every night. This way, your body will receive the message that it’s almost time to sleep. Your body will learn to start feeling tired, and it’s worth the time and effort to develop a good sleeping habit. 1．To get a good sleep, what does the writer advise you to do first? A．To go to bed at a certain time every night. B．To do something to make you tired in the day. C．To stay away from electronics before going to bed. D．To know the exact reason why you stay awake at night. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Create a good sleep environment. B．Keep the room quiet and cool. C．Make your bedroom comfortable. D．Stay away from electronics. 3．What does the underlined phrase “wind down” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Stay awake. B．Keep clean. C．Get relaxed. D．Feel sleepy. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $