热点押题04 事理现象类(阅读理解）（天津专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦事理现象类阅读理解，构建“文体特征-题型解法-逻辑分析”三维方法体系，通过高频题材精练实现理性思维与应试能力的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |方法指导|1套系统策略|定位主题句、拆分长难句、题型专项解法（推理题“原文有据”等）|遵循“引出话题—阐释论证—总结升华”文本逻辑，对应主旨、推理等题型解法| |原创押题|2篇原创题|结合热点（中东冲突、幽灵外卖）训练逻辑链分析|从现象描述到本质探究，强化辩证思维与信息定位能力| |精练通关|20篇真题改编|覆盖社会现象、科学探索等高频题材|通过不同题材文本巩固方法迁移，提升跨文化理解与理性判断素养|

猜押热点04 事理现象类（阅读理解） 分析有理·押题有据 1.阅读理解C、D篇观念、事理、现象类是高频压轴题材。选材多来自英美主流报刊、心理研究、社会观察、教育评论、生活哲学，聚焦社会现象、心理规律、认知误区、行为逻辑、生活哲理、价值观念。2026年高考仍会重点考查这些热点强调辩证思维与理性判断。 2.阅读理解C、D篇文章逻辑严密、论证清晰，层次分明且观点突出。开篇常以社会现象、生活事例、研究结论或争议话题引出核心议题，快速点明论述对象。主体部分围绕中心观点展开多层论证，通过事例佐证、对比分析、因果推导、误区驳斥等方式强化逻辑。结尾多总结核心观点、升华生活哲理或给出理性建议，完成从现象到本质、从事理到观念的升华，整体呈现“引出话题—阐释论证—总结升华”的完整逻辑链。 3.阅读时优先定位各段主题句，快速梳理文章中心与段落层次。遇到长难句拆分句子结构，锁定主干信息，忽略修饰成分，重点把握转折、因果、对比等逻辑词。作答推理题坚持“原文有据”原则，选择与文本逻辑一致的合理推断选项。解答观点态度题关注评价类词汇与转折语句，明确作者立场，区分中立、肯定、批判等倾向。主旨题着眼全文整体，排除以偏概全的细节选项，抓住首尾段与各段主题句提炼核心。词义猜测题依托上下文同义、反义或解释关系，结合文章话题与逻辑合理判断，不孤立理解词汇。 试题前瞻·能力先查 2026年3月，联合国世界粮食计划署（WFP）警告：中东冲突持续升级，正通过能源、化肥与航运三大环节冲击全球粮食安全。霍尔木兹海峡航运受阻、红海航线风险上升，推高燃油与化肥价格，全球粮价再度上涨。若冲突持续至年中，全球或新增4500万严重饥饿人口，总数将达创纪录的3.63亿。非洲、亚洲等粮食进口依赖国受冲击最大，人道主义援助成本上涨、运力受限，救援难度加剧。 【原创一】中东冲突对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁 Middle East Conflict Threatens Global Food Security The ongoing conflict in the Middle East has set off a chain of disruptions endangering global food supplies. The UN World Food Programme (WFP) has issued an urgent warning that the crisis could push millions of people into acute hunger within weeks. The Strait of Hormuz, through which roughly one-fourth of the world's oil and one-third of global fertilizer (肥料) supplies pass, has become largely inaccessible, freezing vital trade routes across the region. The crisis unfolds in a dangerous cycle. Rising energy costs have driven up fertilizer prices, a critical farming input with Middle Eastern urea (尿素)export prices surging nearly 40 percent in recent weeks. As a major global fertilizer supplier, the Gulf region has seen production and shipments drop sharply, threatening spring planting across parts of Asia and Africa. A lack of fertilizer is expected to lower crop yields and raise food production costs worldwide. Worse still, food deliveries to the Gulf countries have been severely delayed. Highly dependent on imports –about 85 percent of their food comes from abroad - these nations rely on the strait for roughly 70 percent of their food supplies. With commercial vessels avoiding the area for safety, food cargoes have been stranded, forcing governments to use emergency reserves that will last only a limited time. The human cost is severe. If the conflict continues through June and oil prices stay above $100 per barrel, an additional 45 million people could face acute hunger, pushing global undernourishment to a record high, the WFP warns. Poor countries that rely heavily on imported food and fertilizer are most vulnerable, as they can ill afford rising prices. Higher shipping costs have also forced humanitarian organizations to cut life - saving aid in crisis-hit regions. The crisis has laid bare the fragility of the global food system. A regional conflict can quickly cross borders, disrupting supplies, driving up costs and affecting livelihoods worldwide. It shows how tightly integrated global food, energy and shipping networks are, and how instability in one area can trigger far-reaching consequences across the world. 1. What is the direct consequence of the Strait of Hormuz being largely inaccessible? A. A sharp drop in global food consumption. B. The interruption of important regional trade routes. C. An immediate decrease in oil and fertilizer prices. D. The complete end of spring planting in Asia and Africa. 2. Why are fertilizer prices rising sharply according to the passage? A. Farmers are overusing fertilizer in spring planting. B. Asian and African countries are importing too much urea. C. Humanitarian organizations have stopped fertilizer aid. D. Rising energy costs and reduced supply in the Gulf area. 3. What is the word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A. easy to suffer harm B. able to afford changes C. quick to make adjustments D. willing to accept support 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The Gulf countries can rely on food reserves for a long time. B. High shipping costs have no influence on humanitarian aid. C. Poor countries depending heavily on imports face greater risks. D. The global food system has proven stable in face of conflicts. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Ways to solve global food shortages have been found. B. The Middle East conflict threatens global food security. C. Emergency food reserves are built across the world. D. Energy and fertilizer markets are closely connected. 【障碍词汇】 试卷第28页，共27页 试卷第27页，共27页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/n. 冲突；争端 security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/n. 安全；保障 ongoing /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/adj. 持续进行的 disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/n. 中断；扰乱 endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 危及；使遭遇危险 urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/adj. 紧急的；紧迫的 acute /əˈkjuːt/adj. 严重的；剧烈的 strait /streɪt/n. 海峡 roughly /ˈrʌfli/adv. 大约；粗略地 fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/n. 肥料 inaccessible /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/adj. 难以抵达的 unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld/v. 逐渐显现；展开 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/n. 循环；周期 urea /jʊəˈriːə/n. 尿素 surge /sɜːdʒ/v. 急剧上升；激增 shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/n. 货运；装运 sharply /ʃɑːpli/adv. 急剧地；猛烈地 yield /jiːld/n. 产量；产出 vessel /ˈvesl/n. 船只；舰 cargo /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/n. 货物 strand /strænd/v. 滞留；搁浅 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/n. 储备；储备物资 barrel /ˈbærəl/n. 桶（石油计量单位） undernourishment /ˌʌndəˈnʌrɪʃmənt/n. 营养不良 vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的 humanitarian /hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/adj. 人道主义的 fragility /frəˈdʒɪləti/n. 脆弱；脆弱性 integrated /ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd/adj. 一体化的；综合的 instability /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/n. 不稳定；动荡 trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/v. 引发；触发 far-reaching /ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/adj. 深远的；广泛的 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/n. 后果；影响 【原创二】巨额罚单整治“幽灵外卖” Ghost Food Vendors: A Wake-Up Call for Online Catering On April 17, 2026, national market supervision(监管) authorities launched a nationwide regulatory campaign and issued a record-breaking penalty of 3.597 billion yuan to seven major online service platforms. The punishment targeted widespread irregular(不合规的) online catering businesses known as “ghost food vendors” across all food categories. This marks the largest food safety penalty against internet platform since China's Food Safety Law was revised in 2015. The case came to light from a consumer complaint in summer 2025. A customer ordered a birthday cake via online platforms, only to find inedible(不可食用) decorations and serious safety violations. The complaint triggered nationwide attention and a thorough investigation, uncovering a large illegal network in online food sales. Official checks confirmed ghost vendors operate only online, with no physical stores or legal permits. They use fake documents to register and forward orders to unregulated workshops. Fierce price competition forces these workshops to cut costs blindly, ignoring safety rules and endangering public health. After 10 months of nationwide inspections, 67,604 unqualified online sellers and more than 3.6 million orders of substandard(劣质的) cakes were uncovered. Comprehensive reforms have been implemented to strengthen oversight(监督)of the entire online industry. Beyond health risks, the case exposes the dangers of reckless price-cutting. Blind competition creates a vicious(恶性的) cycle where quality is sacrificed for market share. This campaign is guiding the industry to shift from cutthroat pricing to quality-focused operations. It sends a clear message: food safety is the non-negotiable(不容让步的) bottom line of all business activities. Only standardized operation, rational competition and long-term supervision can ensure sustainable, healthy growth of online catering. 1. In 2026, the huge penalty imposed on major online platforms mainly aims to___________. A. ban all unqualified offline catering workshops B. regulate the chaotic online catering business C. punish consumers' improper ordering behavior D. revise the national Food Safety Law urgently 2. It can be inferred from the passage that ______________. A. the problematic cake orders were nationwide rather than regional B. ghost vendors lacked online operating technology and experience C. public attention directly led to the revision of Food Safety Law D. high competition price naturally guaranteed food safety quality 3. The underlined phrase "cutthroat pricing" in the last paragraph most probably means____________. A. reasonable and rational pricing B. pricing with strict quality standards C. fierce and unhealthy price competition D. pricing fully supported by official rules 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A consumer's complaint changed the national food safety law B. People's growing concern about daily food safety problems C. The development history of online catering industry in recent years D. Online ghost food vendors' harms and official regulatory actions 5. What is the author's attitude towards the regulatory campaign? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Dismissive. 【全文翻译】 巨额罚单整治“幽灵外卖” 2026年4月17日，全国市场监管部门开展全国性整治行动，对七家主流线上服务平台处以创纪录的35.97亿元罚款。本次整治聚焦各类线上餐饮业务中普遍存在的违规经营幽灵外卖商家问题，这也是2015年中国《食品安全法》修订后，互联网平台收到的金额最高的食品安全处罚 该事件起因于2025年夏季的一则消费者投诉。一名消费者通过线上平台订购生日蛋糕，发现蛋糕装饰无法食用，存在严重安全问题。这起投诉引发全国关注与深入调查，线上食品销售背后庞大的非法经营链条随之曝光。 官方核查证实，幽灵外卖商家仅线上运营，无实体门店、无合法经营资质。这类商家凭借虚假资料注册入驻平台，再将客户订单转交不合规小作坊处理。激烈的低价竞争迫使小作坊盲目压缩成本，无视安全经营准则损害公众健康 历经十个月全国专项排查，相关部门查出67604家不合规线上商户，查实超360万份劣质蛋糕订单。目前行业已推行全面整改举措，强化线上餐饮全行业监管力度 除食品安全隐患外，此次事件也揭露了盲目低价竞价的行业弊端。无序的市场竞争形成恶性循环，商家为抢占市场份额，不惜牺牲产品品质。 本次整治正推动行业摆脱恶性低价竞争，转向品质优先的运营模式，同时明确传递核心信号:食品安全是所有商业经营活动不容妥协的底线。唯有规范运营、理性竞争与长期监管，才能推动线上餐饮行业稳健良性发展。 密押预测·精练通关 Passage 1 (2025•3月•天津卷•D篇 议论文—如何定义美好生活) Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 51. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 52. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 53. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 54. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. Passage 2 (2025•6月•天津卷•D篇 议论文—科学探索及局限性)Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 51. Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B. To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C. To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D. To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 52. What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A. Broader science education. B. More advanced facilities for experiments. C. Deeper understanding of the brain power. D. More investment in next-generation scientists. 53. How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A. They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B. They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C. They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D. They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 54. What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A. Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B. Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C. Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D. Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 55. What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A. Correct ideas are testable. B. Untestable ideas can be true. C. Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D. An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. Passage 3 （2026·天津静海·二模）Imagine a world without English majors. In the last decade, the study of English and history in college has fallen by a third. According to a recent story in The New Yorker, “The End of the English Major”, this decline is largely a result of economic factors: which departments get funded or what students earn after graduation, etc. Fields once wide open to English majors, such as teaching, academia, publishing, the arts, the media have collapsed or become less desirable. Facing huge academic debt and an uncertain job market, students may find majors like communication arts and digital storytelling more realistic. And yet another important and discouraging part of the story is that the study of English itself may have lost its allure (吸引力), even among kids who enjoy reading. They are learning to hate the subject well before college. Both in terms of what kids are assigned and how they are instructed to read it, English class in middle and high school — now renamed as language arts, or language and literature-is often a suffering. It’s as if once schools teach kids how to read, they devote the remainder of their education to making them dread doing so. A typical high school assignment now involves painstakingly marking up text with colored pencils in search of “literary devices”-red for imagery and diction, yellow for tone or mood, etc. Students are instructed to read even popular fiction at an extremely slow pace in the service of close-reading in unison (完全一致地). They’re warned not to skip ahead. No one is supposed to feel excited! When I was in public high school in the olden 80s, we read “The Red Badge of Courage” and “The Scarlet Letter,” with multiple forays (首次尝试) into Shakespeare. We were assigned Faulkner, Joyce, Conrad and Henry James, authors whose work opened my mind and tested my abilities of comprehension and interpretation. But if anyone had suggested that I be offended by a nearly all-male reading list, I would have been hurt. Couldn’t girls read books by men just as well as boys could? At the same time, my teacher’s expectation that I could make sense of “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man”, felt like a vote of confidence. Students were encouraged not to avoid or attack these books but to learn from them. 1．Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the decline of English major? A．Dim job prospect. B．High education debt. C．Unrestricted study materials. D．Undesirable study approach. 2．The underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______. A．avoid B．fear C．ignore D．regret 3．What do we know about current English class from Paragraph 2 and 3? A．Current teaching mode is so intense that kids may feel frightened. B．Current teaching mode ignores the importance of reading skills. C．Current teaching mode put little emphasis on the value of reading. D．Current teaching mode discourage kids from reading out of interest. 4．Which of the following statements will the author mostly agree with? A．English major is likely to disappear in the not-so-distant future. B．Students should be encouraged to learn from classic literary works. C．Students should be taught to read slowly in search of literary devices. D．Females will feel disrespected if given nearly all-male books to read. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing this article? A．To explain the decline of English major. B．To criticize the current education system. C．To introduce her own reading experience. D．To give suggestions on the existing education mode. Passage 4 （2026·天津·一模）Reflection is a quiet yet powerful habit that has accompanied human growth throughout history. When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant. However, reflection does not only take place in moments of solitude (独处). It can occur while we are walking home from school, writing in a journal, or even discussing a mistake with a friend. Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning. Rather than simply remembering what happened, we try to understand why it happened and what we can learn from it. Unlike what some people assume, reflection is not a waste of time. It is, in fact, a powerful tool for learning and personal development. Long before modern psychology emphasized self-awareness, thoughtful individuals had already realized that growth depends not only on action, but also on thoughtful review. By reflecting on our successes and failures, we gain insight into our strengths and weaknesses. Reflection supports learning because it helps organize experience into understanding. Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively. Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning. Above all, reflection has a transformative power. It allows us to see ourselves and the world from a slightly different angle. Instead of reacting automatically to events, we begin to respond thoughtfully. Through reflection, we may challenge our own assumptions, adjust our attitudes, and make wiser choices in the future. This ability to step back and reconsider our experiences plays an important role in building empathy as well. When we reflect on our own feelings, we become more aware of the feelings of others. By understanding our reactions, we are better prepared to understand theirs. In this way, reflection not only deepens self-knowledge, but also strengthens our connection with the people around us. 1．What is the first image that may come to mind when thinking of reflection? A．A teacher correcting homework. B．A person thinking quietly about past events. C．A group discussion in class. D．A psychologist giving advice. 2．What are the two essential elements of reflection mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Action and imagination. B．Memory and emotion. C．Looking back and thinking deeply. D．Discussion and correction. 3．Why is reflection considered helpful for learning? A．It replaces action with careful thinking. B．It helps learners remember and apply knowledge better. C．It makes learning more interesting. D．It shortens study time and saves energy. 4．According to the passage, what may happen if people act without reflection? A．They may understand others better. B．They may learn more efficiently. C．They may develop stronger self-awareness. D．They may gain a shallow understanding. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Habit of Looking back. B．The Role of Experience. C．The Power of Reflection. D．The Meaning of Growth. Passage 5 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for driving human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became closely connected with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month. “Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get biological evidence to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.” The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids (马科动物) and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event, when herders (牧人) in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild donkeys. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later. Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Sahara deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys’ help in navigating the expanding Sahara. Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrower region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys. Not only does understanding the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors. 1．What can be learned about donkeys from Paragraph ? A．They seemed mysterious to human ancestors. B．They underwent multiple domestication events. C．They were tamed at an earlier time than horses. D．They were vividly described by ancient travelers. 2．What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement? A．The earliest habitats of donkeys are hardly traceable. B．It is increasingly easy to read donkeys’ DNA sequences. C．Written accounts contain vital clues for donkey research. D．Genetic analysis offers insight into the history of donkeys. 3．In their study, the researchers investigate how donkeys ________. A．spread widely in the world B．survived with the help of herders C．developed certain behavioral traits D．adapted to the changing environment 4．As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando ________. A．challenges conventional ideas B．provides a possible explanation C．calls for evidence from the Sahara D．holds a different view from Kreier 5．The authors think that their research could help with ________. A．greater protection of wildlife B．better management of donkeys C．recovering early types of donkeys D．raising awareness of climate change Passage 6 （2026·天津·一模）The search for life elsewhere in the universe is one of the most exciting aspects of modern science. Given its importance, significant resources are devoted to the young science of astrobiology (天体生物学) , ranging from rovers (探测器) on Mars to observations of planets moving around other stars. The goal of this science would be the actual discovery of alien (外星的) life. Such a discovery would likely have profound scientific and philosophical implications. But for all we know, extraterrestrial life may not even exist. Fortunately, even if alien life is never discovered, simply searching for it will bring valuable benefits to society. Why is this the case? First, astrobiology is fundamentally multidisciplinary (多学科) . The search for alien life requires a grasp of astronomy, biology, geology, and planetary science at a minimum. University courses in astrobiology need to cover elements of all these different subjects. By forcing multiple scientific disciplines to interact, astrobiology is stimulating a partial reunification of the sciences. It is helping to move 21st-century science away from the extreme specialization of today. It is also important to recognize that astrobiology is an incredibly open-ended field, searching for life in the universe takes us from extreme environments on Earth to the plains of Mars. Whether or not life is discovered in any of these environments, this search will continue. The range of entirely new environments opened to investigation will be essentially non-restricted. Therefore, it has the potential to be a never-ending source of scientific and intellectual stimulation. Beyond the more narrowly intellectual benefits of astrobiology are a range of wider societal benefits. These arise from the kinds of perspectives that the study of astrobiology naturally promotes. It is simply not possible to consider searching for life on Mars without moving away from the Earth-centric perspectives that dominate the social and political lives of most people today. Indeed, it is only by sending spacecraft out to explore the solar system that we can obtain images of our own planet that show it in its true cosmic setting. Today, our planet is faced with global challenges that can only be met by increased international cooperation. At such a time, the growth of a unifying perspective is potentially of enormous importance. “The most dangerous worldview is the one of those who have not viewed the world,” said the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. I think that there is an important implication in this perspective. Humanity is an intelligent technological species that now dominates the only known inhabited planet in the universe. It has a responsibility to develop international social institutions appropriate to managing the situation in which we find ourselves. 1．What is the primary impact of astrobiology on 21st-century science? A．It prioritizes biological research over astronomical observations. B．It limits students’ training to a single core subject for deeper expertise. C．It forms integration of scientific disciplines to reduce overspecialization. D．It shifts focus from planetary exploration to laboratory-based experiments. 2．Which statement about the open-ended nature of astrobiology is supported? A．The search will cease once a single new environment is found. B．It offers limitless novel environments for scientific exploration. C．Discovering life is the core criterion for the value of the field. D．Its investigations are restricted to Mars-like environments. 3．How does astrobiology contribute to addressing global challenges? A．By promoting a shared viewpoint to urge international cooperation. B．By replacing political negotiations with scientific decision-making. C．By motivating resource conservation from the Earth-centric perspective. D．By providing advanced technology to monitor climate change directly. 4．Why does the author quote Alexander von Humboldt’s words? A．To criticize the narrow worldview of those without world travel experience. B．To emphasize the necessity of viewing Earth from a global perspective. C．To argue that technological dominance alone defines human intelligence. D．To suggest that naturalists are better equipped to address global challenges. 5．What does the author argue for in writing the passage? A．The history and development of astrobiology as a science B．The challenges of international cooperation in scientific research C．The importance of space exploration for technological advances D．The potential benefits and significance of the search for alien life Passage 7 （2026·天津·一模）Exploring the vast area where psychology and physiology meet, recent studies are continually casting light on an interesting phenomenon: the impact of our mental states on physical health. The concept of a mind-body connection, often viewed with disbelief, is now gaining support through scientific inquiry. For instance, happiness has been found to have a protective effect against common illnesses. This revelation came from a 2003 study where over 300 participants, exposed to a cold virus, exhibited fewer symptoms if they had a generally positive outlook on life. These individuals weren’t just happier; they were healthier. This link between our psychological state and physical well-being extends beyond temporary illness. Focusing on the longevity of optimists, research led by Dr. Laura Kubzansky of Harvard has revealed that an optimistic outlook is associated with a lower ‘allostatic load’ — the wear and tear on the body from long-term stress. This reduced burden is thought to contribute to longer lifespans, with the most optimistic among us living significantly longer lives. Another striking area where the mind’s influence is visible is in the function and length of telomeres (端粒) — protective caps at the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) . Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn’s pioneering work has shown that individuals under long-term stress have shorter telomeres, which can lead to earlier cellular aging. On the other hand, positive mental attitudes and practices like meditation appear to preserve telomere length, suggesting that our mental practices can influence the very aging process of our cells. The implications of these findings are broad and significant, particularly in medical treatment and recovery. The placebo (安慰剂) effect, once a mere footnote in clinical trials, is now a central focus in understanding how belief and expectation can bring about real physical changes. From reducing pain to improving surgery outcomes, placebos have demonstrated that our belief in a treatment’s effectiveness can appear as real healing in the body. Recent experiments have explored this by administering ‘open-label’ placebos — placebos given with clear statement that they contain no active ingredients — to patients. Remarkably, these placebos can still lead to improvements in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, challenging our perception about the nature of healing. As we look to the future, the developing field of psychoneuroimmunology (心理神经免疫学) is sure to offer even more insights into how our mental landscape affects our physical health. The implications of this could be transformative, as we begin to integrate psychological wellness into our standard healthcare practices. The ultimate question that emerges is not whether our minds influence our health — that much is clear — but how we can use this power most effectively for a healthier society. 1．What did the 2003 study reveal about the mind- body connection in the passage? A．Belief in traditional treatment produces reliable physical improvements. B．Optimism is related to reduced physical pressure and shorter lifespan. C．The mind- body connection is now supported by scientific research. D．Positive outlook could prevent participants from catching cold. 2．What can be inferred from Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn’s research on telomeres? A．Shortened telomeres are the primary cause of all chronic diseases. B．Positive mental practices may slow down the biological aging of cells. C．Stress has no measurable impact on the structure of human chromosomes. D．Telomere length is mainly determined by genetic factor instead of lifestyle. 3．Paragraph 5 serves to __________ in the context. A．highlight the invisible effects of open- label placebos on patients. B．provide an example challenging traditional view of placebos. C．explain the chemical mechanism behind the placebo effect. D．summarize the historical development of placebo research. 4．What is implied to integrate psychological wellness into standard healthcare? A．Permanent focus on the placebo effect to reduce healthcare costs. B．Future research into all mental states other than optimism and stress. C．Further research into how to maximize the mind’s power over health. D．Traditional medical treatments to be replaced with mental health cures. 5．Which title best captures the central theme of the passage? A．The Placebo Effect: A Closer Look at Belief-Driven Healing B．Optimism vs. Pessimism: A Decade-Long Study on Longevity C．The Mind-Body Bond: How Mental States Shape Physical Health D．Telomeres and Aging: The Hidden Link to Psychological Wellbeing Passage 8 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）Waking up just one hour earlier could reduce a person’s risk of major depression by 23%, suggests a sweeping new genetic study. Previous observational studies have shown that night owls are twice as likely to suffer from depression as early risers, regardless of how long they sleep. In 2018, senior author Celine Vetter, assistant professor of integrative physiology at CU Boulder, published a long-term study of 32,000 nurses showing that “early risers” were up to 27% less likely to develop depression over the course of four years. To get a clearer sense of whether shifting sleep time earlier is truly protective, and how much shift is required, lead author Lyas Daglas, M. D．, turned to data from the DNA testing company and ten used a method called “Mendelian randomization” to decipher (破译) cause and effect. More than 340 common genetic variants, including variants in the so-called “clock gene” PER2, are known to influence a person’s internal clock, and genes collectively explain 12-42% of our sleep time preference. The researchers assessed deidentified genetic data on these variants from up to 850,000 individuals, including data from 85,000 who had worn wearable sleep trackers for 7 days and 250,000 who had filled out sleep-preference questionnaires. In the largest of these samples, about a third of surveyed people self-identified as early risers, 9% were night owls and the rest were in the middle. With this information in hand, the researchers turned to a different sample which included genetic information along with anonymized (匿名的) medical and prescription records and surveys about diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Using new statistical techniques, they asked: do those with genetic variants which predispose them to be early risers also have a lower risk of depression? The answer is a firm yes. Each-one-hour earlier sleep midpoint (halfway between bedtime and wake time) corresponded with a 23% lower risk of major depressive disorder. This suggests that if someone who normally goes to bed at 1 a.m. goes to bed at midnight instead and sleeps the same duration, they could cut their risk by 23%; if they go to bed at 11 p.m. they could cut it by about 40%. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The significant role of gene action in depression. B．A new observational study about causes of depression. C．The close relationship between depression and sleep time. D．Whether early risers are less likely to suffer from depression. 2．How did Lyas Daghlas decipher cause and effect? A．By exploring the influence of genes on depression. B．By analyzing samples of surveyed people’s self-identification. C．By tracking individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder. D．By proving the decisive role sleep time plays in genetic variants. 3．What is Lyas Daghals’s research mainly based on? A．Medical treatment records of early risers. B．The genetic research and data about DNA C．A comprehensive analysis of different samples. D．250,000 people’s self-identification and questionnaires. 4．How do you understand the underlined part in the last paragraph? A．Make them more likely to rise early. B．Change early risers’ habits. C．Force them to change their chronotype D．Lead them to shift sleep time 5．Which can be the suitable title for this text? A．Risk of Depression Decreases When Sleeping Time Increases B．Genes Have More Impact on Depression than Sleep Time Does C．A New Research Suggests Early Risers Carry Clock Gene called PER2 D．Moving Sleep Time An Hour Earlier Could Cut Depression Risk by 23% Passage 9 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）It’s good to be smart. After all, intelligent people earn more money, accumulate more wealth, and even live longer. But there’s another side to the story. The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don’t, especially in situations that require common sense. Travis Bradberry, president at Talent Smart, explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that “Rational thinking and intelligence don’t tend to go hand in hand. Intelligent people are more prone to silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic. These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities.” They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they don’t even realise when they’re making a mess by answering without thinking things through. A lifetime of praise leads smart people to develop too much faith in their intelligence and abilities. They often fail to recognise when they need help, and when they do recognise it, they tend to believe that no one else is capable of providing it. “It’s hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that they’re wrong. It’s even harder for smart people because they grow so used to being right all the time that it becomes a part of their identity,” Bradberry wrote. “For smart people, being wrong can feel like a personal attack, and being right, a necessity.” Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback. They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback. Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally. Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them. They simply don’t understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things, and because of that, they push people too hard. They set the bar too high, and when people take too long or don’t get things quite right, they assume it’s due to a lack of effort. So they push even harder. 1．What do we learn from the passage about the brightest people? A．They can make silly mistakes in straightforward situations. B．They usually turn a blind eye to their own weaknesses. C．They are admired by people around them. D．They can differ in their personalities. 2．What accounts for the existence of intelligent people’s logical blind spots? A．Their irrational way of thinking. B．Too much faith in their ability to think. C．Their ignorance of behavioural science. D．Too much concern about their work. 3．How do smart people react when they are found to be wrong? A．They shift the blame to others. B．They graciously accept the facts. C．They may feel shocked. D．They may get offended. 4．What may happen to smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions? A．They may suffer in their professional and private life. B．They may lose faith in their administrative abilities. C．They may commit more errors than ever before. D．They may experience a lot of emotional stress. 5．What is said about those working with or under overachieving people? A．They put a lot of effort into their work B．They set higher goals for themselves. C．They are under increasing pressure. D．They take less time to get things done. Passage 10 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）In George Orwell’s novel 1984, “Newspeak” was a simplified language designed to limit citizens’ critical thinking. In today’s digital reality, a linguistic phenomenon known as “algospeak” is growing widespread across the internet. It’s an attempt to bypass social media platforms’ language restrictions. According to linguist Adam Aleksic, users are increasingly coining new terms to prevent their content from being marked or removed for containing harmful, offensive or inappropriate language. For example, in many online videos, it’s common to say “unalived” instead of “killed.” Guns are often referred to as “pew pews.” The term “algospeak” rose to prominence in 2022. It now serves as the title of Aleksic’s new book, Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language. In it, he explores the power of algorithms (算法) to increase a word’s use or remove it completely. “The fact that the algorithm censors (审查) the word ‘ kill’ forces users to invent new language,” Aleksic explained. He pointed out that social media is changing language in other ways as well — much like how abbreviations (缩略词) such as “lol” (laugh out loud) originated in texting but are now spoken aloud. Today, young people frequently adopt phrases from memes (网络梗) and integrate them into everyday conversation. “I think language always reflexively (条件反射地) adapts to each medium.” Aleksic said. “I felt my own language reroute around the algorithm. However, the more I looked into it, the more I realized this is an infrastructure (基础结构) underlying all language change happening right now. It’s changing where words come from, how words get popular, and how quickly those words spread.” In a recent article for The Washington Post, Aleksic wrote about the migration of sports metaphors (隐喻) into gaming culture. Terms like “home run” and “strike out,” borrowed from baseball, are commonly used by gamers. “America’s pastime once provided an important shared experience from which we could abstract our metaphors. Now America has a new pastime,” he remarked. As examples, Aleksic described young people labeling themselves as the “main characters,” compared with strangers as “NPCs” (non-playable characters). A “side quest” refers to an activity that is not part of a plan. Despite the constant flow of new slang (俚语), Aleksic noted that not all of it endures. Terms like “bae” and “on fleek”, popularized on the now-defunct (停业的) platform Vine, have largely gone out of use. 1．What role does the mention of “Newspeak” in Paragraph 1 play? A．To explain the origin of the term “algospeak”. B．To criticize fictional language control methods. C．To draw a comparison with a real-world linguistic trend. D．To provide a historical example of language simplification. 2．What does the phrase “rose to prominence” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Faced strong opposition. B．Got widely recognized. C．Lost its original meaning. D．Was officially banned. 3．What can be inferred from Aleksic’s remark about “America’s pastime”? A．The shift from baseball to gaming mirrors a broader social change. B．Traditional sports metaphors are fading in relevance among youth. C．Young people favor gaming-related expressions over sports-based ones. D．Video gaming has overtaken baseball as the main source of cultural references. 4．What can be inferred about Aleksic’s view on language evolution? A．It is mainly driven by individual creativity. B．It reflects the impact of media and technology. C．It follows fixed rules unchanged over time. D．It prioritizes traditional slang over new terms. 5．What does the author intend to do in writing this passage? A．To criticize social media platforms for their overly strict language regulations. B．To compare fictional language control with digital communication strategies. C．To analyze how algorithms affect the traditional slang in online communities. D．To introduce a linguistic trend and explore its influence on language evolution. Passage 11 （25-26高二上·天津南开·期末）Feelings of worry or fear characterize anxiety. People often feel anxious about things that are about to happen, or situations that could happen in the future. People feel anxious before giving presentations or before moving to a new place. The feeling of anxiety can help us prepare for what is to come. Unfortunately, anxiety can become a problem. It can make it difficult to live life the way you want. Sometimes feelings of anxiety can be too strong or last longer than they should or longer than is helpful. These feelings can cause people to avoid situations or make it hard to do things they enjoy. Some types of anxiety can also lead to panic attacks. There are many types of anxiety. Climate change anxiety, also sometimes called eco-anxiety, is the extreme worry about current and future harm to the environment because of human activities. The dangers of climate change include natural disasters, such as flooding, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes. People also worry about the loss of plants and animals. People who have climate change anxiety may worry about the well-being of: individuals, future generations, life on Earth, and the planet. Scientists measure climate change anxiety using the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS). The CCAS has a list of statements about feelings and behaviors related to climate change. Most researchers use scores on the CCAS to tell if a person has symptoms of climate change anxiety. But they do not have a specific score to diagnose a person with climate change anxiety. We wanted to use data to determine cut-off scores (临界值) for the CCAS. These cut-off scores could be important for future health care professionals to properly assess and help people with climate change anxiety. We used an online survey to collect data from 877 people in Australia. All the people who participated were between the ages of 16 and 25. The survey questions included background information and the CCAS statements. There were 13 climate change statements. People gave a score about how often the statement was true. They used a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (almost always). Then we calculated their total score by adding up the scores from all statements. A higher score means a person has greater anxiety. We also had participants take a test related to anxiety, stress, and depression. Then we connected the scores on the CCAS with the scores on this test. First, we determined the sensitivity of the CCAS. The sensitivity is the ability of the test to correctly identify a person with anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. Then, we determined the specificity of the CCAS. The specificity is the test’s ability to correctly identify a person without anxiety. We analyzed the data to find two cut-off scores. One score identifies people with mild to medium symptoms of climate change anxiety. The second score identifies people with severe climate change anxiety. The cut-off scores were the total scores when the sensitivity and the specificity were the closest together. We found that a total CCAS score of 21 means a person has mild to moderate symptoms of climate change anxiety. A score of 23 or above means a person has severe symptoms of climate change anxiety. Using these scores, about 50 percent of the people surveyed had mild to moderate symptoms. About 44 percent had severe symptoms of climate change anxiety. 1．What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs? A．Anxiety just occurs before big events like moving. B．Normal anxiety brings no benefits to people. C．Too much anxiety can mess up daily life. D．All anxiety results in panic attacks. 2．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 3? A．To introduce a new research method. B．To present different types of anxiety. C．To give a definition of climate change anxiety. D．To list the causes of climate change anxiety. 3．What was the main goal of this research study? A．To find score cut-offs for different anxiety levels. B．To prove that climate change is not a real problem. C．To improve the effectiveness of the CCAS. D．To increase the number of people taking the CCAS. 4．How were the cut-off scores for climate change anxiety determined? A．By randomly selecting two scores from the total scores. B．By choosing the scores when sensitivity and specificity are the farthest apart. C．By taking the average of all the participants’ scores. D．By finding the total scores when sensitivity and specificity are the closest together. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Climate Anxiety Cut-offs Identified in Youth Study B．Most Young Australians Have Climate Anxiety C．Youth Report Feelings on Climate Change D．New Climate Anxiety Disorder defined Passage 12 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Think about your habits with dogs. Do you send them to daycare, dress them up, and bring them on vacations? Do you talk to them like a baby? If so, you’re not alone: research suggests our brains respond in the same way to pet dogs as they do to human children. Our brains were not always tuned this way. As we domesticated dogs, they evolved human-like social and cognitive abilities. They came to act and even look like babies, and we began to see them as such. Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. Evolutionary time explains present feelings. Alison LaCoss, a mother of three, felt an overwhelming desire to love them and protect her newborns — and later Shio and Babka, the dogs she adopted. A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. Important differences remain. Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. LaCoss admits she does feel distinctly proud watching her kids reach milestones dogs never will, yet her desire to meet Shio and Babka’s needs is just as intense. Silver argues that because dogs reliably generate these responses, the relationship for many people now equals the importance of a biological relative. Neurochemistry deepens the connection. Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. Domestication also shaped appearances and skills. Humans favored dogs that tracked our gaze, cooperated, and signaled with expressive faces. Modern dogs have rounder heads, larger eyes, and eyebrow muscles that create sadness, curiosity, and joy — features humans find irresistible. They play like kids, think like toddlers, and appear vulnerable, inviting care. You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” 1．Why does Zachary Silver consider dogs’ evolution unsurprising? A．Dogs naturally developed speech comprehension. B．Human selection enhanced dogs’ social abilities. C．Wolves transformed into companion animals. D．Biological evolution increased dogs’ intelligence. 2．The author cited the 2014 brain-imaging study in paragraph 3 to . A．contrast neural responses to children and dogs B．provide evidence for a shared caregiving system C．explain why dogs are better companions than other pets D．demonstrate the uniqueness of parental instincts 3．According to the passage, what is a key neurological difference in how humans respond to children and dogs? A．Dogs lead to stronger reward system activity. B．Dogs produce weaker emotional brain responses. C．Children cause a stronger midbrain response. D．Children activate the amygdala more weakly. 4．What does the phrase “have hijacked the human caregiving pathway” suggest about dogs? A．They have taken over human parenting duties. B．They have evolved to replace human children. C．They have influenced people through emotional signals. D．They have aroused humans’ natural nurturing responses. 5．By saying “My home isn’t home without them,” LaCoss aims to . A．highlight dogs’ irreplaceable emotional role B．describe dogs as bridges to family bonds C．reveal dogs’ capacity to find real sympathy D．prove the necessity of keeping pets in families Passage 13 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）Many people fear losing their memory and clear thinking as they age, especially with rising dementia (痴呆) rates. However, research offers hope, showing that our food choices can powerfully protect our brain health. A key finding is the benefit of the MIND diet, developed in 2015. It combines the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and the blood-pressure-lowering DASH diet into a plan specifically designed to protect the brain. The MIND diet is simple and flexible. It encourages eating more brain-boosting foods and cutting back on harmful ones. Important foods include leafy green vegetables like spinach, various berries, nuts, whole grains, beans, fish, poultry, and olive oil. It advises limiting red meat, butter, cheese, pastries, fast food, and fried foods. The goal is to reduce saturated (饱和的) fat and sugar, which cause inflammation (炎症). This way of eating brings real benefits. Studies show that closely following the MIND diet can slow brain aging, making a person’s brain function up to 7.5 years younger. It is also linked to a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Remarkably, even moderate followers see protective effects. The benefits are not just for older adults. Research finds it can improve memory and attention in middle-aged adults and may even lower the odds of ADHD in children. The secret to its success lies in fighting inflammation and oxidative (氧化的) stress, two processes that damage brain cells. Foods like berries and leafy greens are rich in flavonoids, which are antioxidants. Fish provides omega-3 fatty acids that protect neurons. By reducing harm, the diet helps preserve brain structure and function. Scientific evidence strongly supports this. A 2023 study found that people on the MIND diet had larger brain volumes in areas critical for memory and learning. They also had fewer signs of brain tissue damage. Another study showed that sticking to the diet over ten years could lower dementia risk by 25%. Ultimately, the MIND diet is more than a short-term plan; it’s a sustainable lifestyle for lifelong brain health. Experts stress that consistency is key — making good choices day after day. It’s never too early or too late to start. As one researcher says, we should always be eating this way, keeping our brain health in mind with every meal. In conclusion, what we eat directly impacts how well our brain works. The MIND diet provides a clear, flexible, and science-backed guide for nourishing our minds, helping us stay mentally sharp at any age. By choosing more whole, plant-based foods and fewer processed items, we can build a strong defense for our cognitive future. 1．According to the article, what is a key characteristic of the MIND diet? A．It is a strict and challenging eating plan to follow. B．It focuses almost entirely on increasing fruit intake. C．Its primary goal is to help people lose weight quickly. D．It combines principles from two other well-known diets. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about following the MIND diet? A．Its positive effects are limited to preventing Alzheimer’s disease. B．It has the potential to benefit a wide range of age groups. C．Only strict followers can gain any health benefits from it. D．It is more effective for children than for middle-aged adults. 3．The MIND diet is considered successful mainly because it helps to . A．rapidly increase the brain’s processing speed B．remove saturated fats from the body completely C．fight against processes that harm brain cells D．replace medications for brain-related conditions 4．Scientific studies mentioned in the article support the MIND diet by showing it is linked to . A．immediate improvements in mood and overall well-being B．a significant decrease in the body’s daily need for sleep C．the ability to stop dementia development in most cases D．physical changes in brain structure and lowered risk factors 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce a different and new diet for lowering blood pressure and keeping heart health. B．To describe the main causes and symptoms of age-related memory loss. C．To explain a flexible eating plan designed to keep the mind sharp. D．To compare the benefits of the Mediterranean and DASH diets in preventing disease. Passage 14 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）The question, “Do animals experience time like humans?” might seem simple, but researchers have discovered surprising differences in how various species sense time. This topic challenges our understanding of how living beings interact with the world and deepens our knowledge of animal behavior. Studies show that animals experience time at different speeds depending on their size, energy use, and how they perceive their surroundings. For example, small animals like flies and hummingbirds experience time more slowly than larger animals like elephants or humans. This means a fly can notice movements that seem too fast for us, allowing it to avoid a moving hand. Similarly, hummingbirds can change direction mid-air with precision due to their faster sense of time. The idea of “time stretching” in animals is closely tied to survival. Faster time awareness helps small animals react quickly to dangers, while slower awareness in larger animals allows them to conserve energy for survival. This difference explains why a fly might see a human’s hand moving in slow motion, while we perceive it as fast. For hunters like lions, slower time awareness allows them to carefully plan their moves, increasing their chances of success. Interestingly, researchers have found that time awareness is also influenced by emotions. Humans often feel time “slows down” during exciting or stressful events, like a close sports match or a near-accident. Similarly, animals in danger may feel time slow down. This emotional connection highlights shared experiences between humans and animals, showing how survival needs shape the way time is felt. Understanding time awareness in animals has practical uses. It can help improve the design of spaces for pets or zoo animals, making them feel calmer and safer. It also gives insights into how humans might adjust their behavior when interacting with animals, such as using training methods that match their sense of time. Studying time awareness might even lead to new ideas in technology, such as creating systems that work at different speeds for various tasks, like robotics or virtual reality. Nature continues to amaze us with its complexity. The study of time awareness reminds us that every species experiences the world differently, urging us to appreciate life’s diversity. 1．What is the primary purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce a question that challenges existing beliefs about animals. B．To explain the similarities between human and animal behavior. C．To summarize the findings of recent research on time perception. D．To provide examples of how animals perceive time differently. 2．Why are smaller animals like flies able to detect fast movements that humans cannot? A．Because their brains are more advanced in processing speed. B．Because their perception of time is slower than that of humans. C．Because their energy demands require them to sense rapid changes. D．Because their survival depends on noticing quick shifts in their surroundings. 3．What does the phrase “time stretching” in the third paragraph most likely mean? A．Sensing time as passing more quickly. B．Feeling time slow down in specific situations. C．Varied time perception across different species. D．Adapting time awareness to body size. 4．Why does the author discuss humans feeling time “slows down” during stressful events? A．To prove that humans are more emotional than animals. B．To argue that survival instincts are less significant for humans. C．To illustrate how emotions influence time perception across species. D．To show that humans and animals perceive time differently in danger. 5．What does the study of time awareness suggest about the natural world? A．It highlights the complexity and uniqueness of each species. B．It shows that humans have a superior understanding of time. C．It proves that animals rely more on instinct than humans. D．It demonstrates that survival depends on accurate time perception. Passage 15 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）One afternoon, a young scientist sat looking out of his office window, lost in thought. His colleagues might have thought he was wasting time, but during that moment, he imagined a man falling freely in space. That simple thought experiment later helped Albert Einstein create his famous theory of general relativity. This story raises an interesting question: is daydreaming truly a waste of time, or could it be a hidden source of creativity and innovation? Daydreaming is often seen in a negative light. It is commonly linked to laziness or a lack of focus. Parents and teachers frequently urge students to “stop daydreaming” and pay attention, believing that wandering thoughts take away from productivity. After all, how can someone achieve their goals if their mind keeps floating away from the task at hand? However, recent studies suggest that daydreaming may have a deeper purpose. When the brain is not focused on a specific task, it begins connecting ideas, imagining future possibilities, and solving complex problems. Many creative breakthroughs — like Einstein’s — have come from moments of mental wandering. Similarly, artists and writers often say their best ideas come when they are walking, showering, or simply letting their minds relax. Interestingly, daydreaming also helps people manage their emotions. It allows them to think over past experiences, deal with unresolved feelings, and mentally prepare for future events. This process can reduce stress and improve decision-making, as it gives the mind time to sort through thoughts in a calm and unpressured way. Still, not all daydreaming is helpful. There is a fine line between useful reflection and meaningless distraction. For example, students who daydream too much during class may miss important information, which can lead to gaps in learning. On the other hand, short moments of daydreaming can bring fresh ideas and help solve problems that seem impossible when approached directly. This double-sided nature of daydreaming leads to an important question: should we try to control it or let it happen naturally? Some believe that setting aside time for reflection, such as taking breaks, can turn daydreaming into something productive. Others argue that its unpredictability is what makes it so valuable. Whether daydreaming is a waste of time or a hidden source of inspiration depends on how we use it. Like any tool, it can be powerful when used wisely — but it can also become a problem if left unchecked. The challenge lies in using it in a way that benefits us. 1．Why does the author mention Einstein’s thought experiment in the introduction? A．To argue that imagination is more important than intelligence. B．To highlight the connection between daydreaming and creativity. C．To emphasize the importance of solving scientific problems. D．To show that daydreaming is common among scientists. 2．What is the common belief about daydreaming mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．It is seen as lazy and distracting. B．It helps develop problem-solving skills. C．It improves concentration and attention. D．It encourages creative thinking in students. 3．What is one of the benefits of daydreaming according to Paragraph 4? A．It allows people to escape from reality. B．It encourages people to focus on their immediate tasks. C．It prevents people from making poor decisions. D．It helps people process emotions and prepare for future events. 4．What can be inferred about the negative effects of daydreaming from Paragraph 5? A．Daydreaming always leads to negative outcomes. B．Daydreaming should be avoided in educational settings. C．Daydreaming can reduce focus when done excessively. D．Daydreaming is less effective than other mental activities. 5．What is the author’s main point about daydreaming? A．It is a waste of time unless carefully controlled. B．It is the most important factor in creative success. C．It is a skill that only certain people can develop. D．It has both good and bad sides naturally. Passage 16 （25-26高三上·天津蓟州·期末）You may think that a “good memory” is something your child either has or does not have. If that were the case, there would be little you could do to help your child become a better learner. But fortunately, this isn’t the case! You can help your child with their memory if you begin with an understanding of something I call the funnel (漏斗) concept. When teaching your child, it’s easy to assume that there is an unobstructed (畅通无阻的) pipeline between you. You assume that since you have taught it, your child will “get it”. However, this is often far from the truth. Too often, it seems that lessons go right over the child’s head… that nothing sticks. So instead of picturing information going through an unobstructed pipeline, it’s more accurate to picture information passing through a funnel. If you pour too much water into a funnel too quickly, the water overflows the top of the funnel, right? A similar thing happens when we try to teach too much at a time. You can pour a lot of information in, but your child’s memory becomes overloaded. You lose control over what actually makes it through the funnel. This is the funnel concept. How can you avoid overloading your child’s funnel? Consider a spelling list focusing on the sound of “long I”. A standard list might include various spellings of the “long I”, such as “cry”, “item”, “kindness”, “light”, and “time”. In contrast, there is a list that introduces only one concept at a time, such as “long I spelled IGH” in “night” “light”, “right”, “high”, and “sight”. Now ask yourself: Which spelling list is more likely to get through your child’s funnel and result in lasting learning? While covering many words at once might seem beneficial, your child will achieve more permanent learning when you teach only the amount of information that they can process at one time. So next time you’re teaching your child, think about teaching through a funnel and introduce just one main concept at a time. You’ll be pleased with the amount of meaningful learning that can occur! 1．What misunderstanding do parents have about their kids? A．They are born with a good memory. B．They can process visual information excellently. C．They learn better when exposed to multiple ideas. D．They can master everything taught to them. 2．How does the author explain the funnel concept? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By explaining pictures. D．By providing examples. 3．What might the author think of the standard list? A．It is effective. B．It is too simple. C．It is well-organized. D．It is information-overloaded. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for teaching children? A．Focus on a chief concept at a time. B．Introduce the central concepts repeatedly. C．Clarify concepts with meaningful examples. D．Give enough attention to basic concepts. 5．Which of the following spelling lists can be better remembered by the child? A．/ɔ:/: law, draw, bought, thought, brought B．/tʃ/: watch, catch, teach, mixture, future C．/əʊ/: boat, coat, road, goat, roast D．/eɪ/: late, gate, cake, face, they Passage 17 （2026·天津南开·三模）When the patient arrives, it can barely move its body. The parrot tries to spread its green wings — and fails — to fly. It is just one of dozens of rainbow lorikeets (彩虹鹦鹉) being treated for a mysterious paralyzing (瘫痪) illness. Cases of what is called lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) (鹦鹉麻痹综合征) have been increasing over the past decade, says vet Claude Lacasse. But scientists are puzzled as to what is causing it. Lacasse has partnered with several researchers to try solving the mystery. So far, they’ve ruled out hundreds of human-made chemicals as well as various infectious diseases. Their current theory is that LPS is caused by a plant the birds are eating, something that flowers or fruits between late spring and early fall — when cases always rise. But researchers have no idea which plant or plants might be involved, why the disease is getting worse or whether climate change is playing a role. For now, the main concern is figuring out everything the sick lorikeets are eating. Ecologist Rachele Wilson used a technique involving testing DNA in sick birds’ droppings to match it to specific plant DNA．These data suggest the birds are feeding on more than 130 plant species, at least 30 of which are potentially poisonous. Other researchers are not just looking at plant DNA but also at bacterial and animal DNA to allow for the possibility that the birds are swallowing a poisonous insect in fruit, or a poison produced by bacteria found on a plant. It’s possible climate change plays a role by driving rainbow lorikeets to seek out unusual food sources: Animals are broadening their hunting range and going into more traditionally uninviting areas to find food, including fruit, seeds and, strangely, even meat. With climate change causing more extreme weather events and intensely hot summers, the need to find what’s paralyzing rainbow lorikeets and potentially other species — is of urgent concern. “They’re amazing birds,” Phalen says. “It’s hard to see them as sick as they are.” 1．What are researchers trying to find out first? A．Why LPS is getting worse. B．Where rainbow lorikeets usually gather. C．How human-made chemicals led to LPS. D．What lorikeets are feeding on at present. 2．What does Wilson focus on in her study? A．Collecting DNA data from specific animals. B．Analyzing DNA in the waste of sick lorikeets. C．Identifying DNA hidden in different plants. D．Looking at plant, bacterial and animal DNA． 3．How does climate change possibly influence rainbow lorikeets? A．It increases the variety of their food sources. B．It enlarges the range of the habitats of these birds. C．It makes them adapt to extreme weather events. D．It causes them to swallow poisonous insects in fruits. 4．What is Phalen’s feeling about the present situation of rainbow lorikeets? A．Shocked. B．Sorry. C．Angry D．Hopeless. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Endangered rare species in Australia B．Strange diseases striking Australian birds C．The mystery of Australia’s paralyzed parrots D．The influence of climate change on parrots. Passage 18 （25-26高三上·天津河北·期末）Picture this: you are typing on a screen, and a smart app instantly proposes a “perfect” word. It feels like magic, doesn’t it? But let’s travel back to the days before computers. Writing then was a physical adventure. To find a word, our parents had to lift a heavy dictionary -sometimes a real workout! They flipped through pages and hunted for meanings like detectives. They didn’t just choose an option, but made a discovery. With such digital “magic” at our fingertips today, are those physical books now obsolete? Why keep a dusty dictionary when an AI can rewrite our sentences in milliseconds? The answer lies in the distinction between convenience and autonomy. Dictionaries are not just lists of definitions; they are training grounds for our brains. Rather than providing fail-safe shortcuts, they equip us with the knowledge to shape language creatively. In doing so, they place the power of choice firmly in our own hands. Consider the popular writing apps we use. They promise to make our writing “smooth” and “efficient”. However, this efficiency carries a hidden price. When we depend entirely on these automated aids, we risk losing our own voice. The British writer George Orwell once warned that using ready-made phrases is akin to letting someone else “construct your sentences for you-even think your thoughts for you.” Today, that “someone else’’ is an algorithm (算法). If we always click “accept’’ on a suggestion, are we really writing, or are we just assembling parts chosen by a computer? This echoes Orwell’s belief that “the worst thing one can do with words is to surrender to them.” Furthermore, there is a profound value in the “inefficient” method. Digital tools are engineered for precision: you ask for a word, and it delivers the exact answer. Conversely, a physical dictionary offers the joy of discovery — the chance to encounter words you weren’t looking for. While searching for “rain”, you might encounter “rainbow” or “rainforest’’. These unanticipated encounters expand our cognitive (认知的) horizons in ways a direct search never could. One method is efficient and the other is inspiring. As digital writing becomes common in our lives, we need dictionaries more than ever. If we abandon them in favour of automated tools, we risk losing the ability to express ourselves clearly and originally. We need these physical books on our shelves-to browse, to learn from, and to be inspired by. Without this drive for lifelong learning, we are left with the ultimate question: Why write at all? 1．What can be inferred about finding words in the past from Paragraph 1? A．It required more strength than patience. B．It was an active process of discovery. C．It served to identify writing errors. D．It was a boring and heavy burden. 2．Why does the author consider physical dictionaries to be “training grounds”? A．They encourage us to use language creatively. B．They offer shortcuts to rewriting sentences. C．They force users to memorise definitions. D．They provide fail-safe lists for writing. 3．The author quotes George Orwell in Paragraph 3 to ________. A．explain the logic of computer algorithms B．prove the accuracy of automated writing. C．stress the value of independent thinking D．further the use of ready-made phrases. 4．What benefit does the “inefficient” method offer in Paragraph 4? A．It ensures precise and instant answers. B．It broadens minds through chance finds. C．It improves the efficiency of digital tools. D．It focuses on searching for specific terms. 5．By asking “Why write at all?” at the end, the author implies that ________. A．physical books serve as training grounds for our brains B．automated aids surrender our ability to think clearly C．true expression demands effort and original thought D．digital aids have liberated writers from boring work Passage 19 （25-26高三上·天津河北·期末）For over two thousand years, a fundamental paradox (矛盾的人或事) has puzzled both scientists and philosophers: how can plants, lack of eyes, adjust their growth toward light? It is a question that challenges our basic understanding of biological perception. While animals depended on visual organs to detect illumination (光源), plants seem to possess no such structures. Yet, their competence in seeking light is undeniable. Historically, interpretations of this phenomenon varied. Early Greek thinkers assumed that plants could sense their environment in a manner similar to animals. However, Aristotle later promoted a different perspective. He argued that plants were passive objects, unable to perceive or respond to the world. Because of his authority, this negative view dominated Western thought for centuries, limiting further investigation into plant intelligence. Nevertheless, a team of European researchers has recently challenged these old assumptions. By employing advanced imaging technology like confocal (共焦的) microscopy on Arabidopsis (拟南芥), they analysed the internal transmission of light. The results reveal that the air channels between the plant’s cells function as a distributed optical system. Unlike solid tissue, these channels are transparent and air-filled; as light hits the stem, these channels act effectively as microscopic lenses. This structural adaptation is key to their perception. As light travels through the tissue, these lenses scatter and refract (折射) the beams significantly. This scattering phenomenon creates a gradient (倾斜度) of light intensity across the stem, enabling the organism to triangulate (使成三角形) the source of illumination and determine its direction without the need for a central nervous system. This discovery implies that “sight” does not necessarily require eyes. Instead, the plant employs a complex, whole-body sensory approach to sense its surroundings. It is a sophisticated mechanism that allows seedlings to “see” the source of light and adapt their growth accordingly. These findings are significant not only because they resolve an ancient mystery, but because they force us to re-evaluate our definition of “sight”. The Aristotelian view that plants are passive is proven misguided. The evidence demonstrates that plants have evolved a sophisticated way to perceive their environment without complex organs. They are far more adaptive than we previously imagined. Consequently, this research opens a new chapter for biologists. Questions remain about how these air channels are formed and how plants process such light signals. Understanding these mechanisms could help us learn more about the interaction between plants and the world — and perhaps even inspire biomimetic (生物模拟学) innovations in robotics. 1．Why does the author mention Aristotle in Paragraph 2? A．To provide details about the history of ancient Greek philosophy. B．To explain the scientific delays caused by early scholars. C．To introduce a fundamental paradox in biology. D．To praise the wisdom of ancient thinkers. 2．What function do the air channels serve in Arabidopsis? A．Acting as solid supporting tissues. B．Serving as central nervous systems. C．Functioning as internal energy sources. D．Operating as a non-solid medium to guide light. 3．How does the plant identify the direction of illumination? A．By sensing the heat from external sources B．By depending on complex sensory organs. C．By utilising solid tissues to focus beams D．By forming a gradient of light intensity. 4．What does the new discovery suggest about plants? A．They possess complex adaptation mechanisms. B．They require neural networks for perception. C．They depend on visual organs for survival. D．They remain passive objects in nature. 5．What is the author’s purpose in comparing plant mechanisms with robotics? A．To show that plants behave like machines. B．To argue that biology is too complex to mimic C．To suggest nature offers solutions for technology. D．To prove that robots can now imitate human eyes. Passage 20 （25-26高二上·天津·期末）Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year study, proving that plants produce a noise in certain stressful situations. The plants make a high frequency clicking sound which cannot be heard by humans, and when they are lacking water, or being damaged, the clicks become far more regular. The plants could make various sounds, depending on whether they are thirsty or injured. For the scientists’ research, some plants were placed in a soundproof box and recorded by two microphones. Some plants were badly in need of water, others were cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used AI technology to separate the noises. Being able to identify the particular calls of the plants up to 3-5 metres away, the technology successfully discriminated between the sounds made depending on whether the plants were dry or cut. While farming has become a science itself, there’re still a lot of estimates involved. If farmers were able to receive accurate information directly from their crops, they could adopt a much more efficient method of care and also be able to better identify and control diseases in a crop. All this can be achieved by using microphones and sensors to translate this new information. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, whereas the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80 kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. However, the sounds produced by plants can probably be heard by various animals. Though this has yet to be proven, these creatures may use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. Furthermore, a study in 2014, led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing, proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants significantly increasing their yield. While it’s still unknown if one plant could react to another’s noises, it seems likely. Indeed, the same research facility is now ready to test this assumption. 1．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “discriminated” in Paragraph 2? A．Balanced. B．Compared. C．Distinguished. D．Captured. 2．What benefit may farmers get from this research? A．Managing their crops purposefully and effectively. B．Protecting their crops against diseases directly. C．Adding to the variety of crops to some extent. D．Saving their time on farming significantly. 3．What is now sure about the sounds produced by plants according to the researchers? A．They improve the crop production. B．They go beyond humans’ hearing range. C．They assist animals in searching for food. D．They help plants communicate with each other. 4．What may future research focus on? A．Whether plants can react to each other’s sounds. B．Whether creatures can react to sound waves. C．How to judge the types of plants by sound. D．How plants communicate with another’s noises. 5．The writer wrote the passage to tell us . A．plants may help increase yield in farming by sound B．plants can communicate like humans by various sounds C．plants repeat the identical sound in the face of danger D．plants can produce diverse sounds in difficult situations $猜押热点04 事理现象类（阅读理解） 分析有理·押题有据 1.阅读理解C、D篇观念、事理、现象类是高频压轴题材。选材多来自英美主流报刊、心理研究、社会观察、教育评论、生活哲学，聚焦社会现象、心理规律、认知误区、行为逻辑、生活哲理、价值观念。2026年高考仍会重点考查这些热点强调辩证思维与理性判断。 2.阅读理解C、D篇文章逻辑严密、论证清晰，层次分明且观点突出。开篇常以社会现象、生活事例、研究结论或争议话题引出核心议题，快速点明论述对象。主体部分围绕中心观点展开多层论证，通过事例佐证、对比分析、因果推导、误区驳斥等方式强化逻辑。结尾多总结核心观点、升华生活哲理或给出理性建议，完成从现象到本质、从事理到观念的升华，整体呈现“引出话题—阐释论证—总结升华”的完整逻辑链。 3.阅读时优先定位各段主题句，快速梳理文章中心与段落层次。遇到长难句拆分句子结构，锁定主干信息，忽略修饰成分，重点把握转折、因果、对比等逻辑词。作答推理题坚持“原文有据”原则，选择与文本逻辑一致的合理推断选项。解答观点态度题关注评价类词汇与转折语句，明确作者立场，区分中立、肯定、批判等倾向。主旨题着眼全文整体，排除以偏概全的细节选项，抓住首尾段与各段主题句提炼核心。词义猜测题依托上下文同义、反义或解释关系，结合文章话题与逻辑合理判断，不孤立理解词汇。 试题前瞻·能力先查 2026年3月，联合国世界粮食计划署（WFP）警告：中东冲突持续升级，正通过能源、化肥与航运三大环节冲击全球粮食安全。霍尔木兹海峡航运受阻、红海航线风险上升，推高燃油与化肥价格，全球粮价再度上涨。若冲突持续至年中，全球或新增4500万严重饥饿人口，总数将达创纪录的3.63亿。非洲、亚洲等粮食进口依赖国受冲击最大，人道主义援助成本上涨、运力受限，救援难度加剧。 【原创一】中东冲突对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁 Middle East Conflict Threatens Global Food Security The ongoing conflict in the Middle East has set off a chain of disruptions endangering global food supplies. The UN World Food Programme (WFP) has issued an urgent warning that the crisis could push millions of people into acute hunger within weeks. The Strait of Hormuz, through which roughly one-fourth of the world's oil and one-third of global fertilizer (肥料) supplies pass, has become largely inaccessible, freezing vital trade routes across the region. The crisis unfolds in a dangerous cycle. Rising energy costs have driven up fertilizer prices, a critical farming input with Middle Eastern urea (尿素)export prices surging nearly 40 percent in recent weeks. As a major global fertilizer supplier, the Gulf region has seen production and shipments drop sharply, threatening spring planting across parts of Asia and Africa. A lack of fertilizer is expected to lower crop yields and raise food production costs worldwide. Worse still, food deliveries to the Gulf countries have been severely delayed. Highly dependent on imports –about 85 percent of their food comes from abroad - these nations rely on the strait for roughly 70 percent of their food supplies. With commercial vessels avoiding the area for safety, food cargoes have been stranded, forcing governments to use emergency reserves that will last only a limited time. The human cost is severe. If the conflict continues through June and oil prices stay above $100 per barrel, an additional 45 million people could face acute hunger, pushing global undernourishment to a record high, the WFP warns. Poor countries that rely heavily on imported food and fertilizer are most vulnerable, as they can ill afford rising prices. Higher shipping costs have also forced humanitarian organizations to cut life - saving aid in crisis-hit regions. The crisis has laid bare the fragility of the global food system. A regional conflict can quickly cross borders, disrupting supplies, driving up costs and affecting livelihoods worldwide. It shows how tightly integrated global food, energy and shipping networks are, and how instability in one area can trigger far-reaching consequences across the world. 1. What is the direct consequence of the Strait of Hormuz being largely inaccessible? A. A sharp drop in global food consumption. B. The interruption of important regional trade routes. C. An immediate decrease in oil and fertilizer prices. D. The complete end of spring planting in Asia and Africa. 2. Why are fertilizer prices rising sharply according to the passage? A. Farmers are overusing fertilizer in spring planting. B. Asian and African countries are importing too much urea. C. Humanitarian organizations have stopped fertilizer aid. D. Rising energy costs and reduced supply in the Gulf area. 3. What is the word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A. easy to suffer harm B. able to afford changes C. quick to make adjustments D. willing to accept support 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The Gulf countries can rely on food reserves for a long time. B. High shipping costs have no influence on humanitarian aid. C. Poor countries depending heavily on imports face greater risks. D. The global food system has proven stable in face of conflicts. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Ways to solve global food shortages have been found. B. The Middle East conflict threatens global food security. C. Emergency food reserves are built across the world. D. Energy and fertilizer markets are closely connected. 【答案】1.B 2.D 3. A 4. C 5. B 【导读】本文为说明文，核心介绍中东冲突通过能源—化肥—粮食链条冲击全球粮食安全，联合国发出饥饿预警，暴露全球粮食体系脆弱性。 1. 细节理解题。原文第一段指出，“The Strait of Hormuz… has become largely inaccessible, freezing vital trade routes across the region.”，霍尔木兹海峡基本无法通行，直接导致区域重要贸易路线陷入停滞，这正是 B 选项所表述的内容。A选项 “全球粮食消费量大幅下降” 在原文中没有依据；C 选项与原文信息相反，海峡受阻会使石油与化肥价格上升，而非下降；D选项表述绝对化，原文仅提到对亚非部分地区春耕构成威胁，并未完全终止春耕。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。原文第二段说明，“Rising energy costs have driven up fertilizer prices… As a major global fertilizer supplier, the Gulf region has seen production and shipments drop sharply”，能源成本上涨以及海湾地区化肥供应减少，是化肥价格急剧上涨的原因，对应 D选项。A 选项 “农民在春耕中过度使用化肥”、B 选项 “亚非国家进口尿素过多” 在文中均无相关表述；C选项 “人道主义机构停止化肥援助” 与原文不符，文中是运输成本上升导致援助削减，且并非针对化肥援助。故选D。 3. 猜测词义题。原文第四段提到，“Poor countries that rely heavily on imported food and fertilizer are most vulnerable, as they can ill afford rising prices.”，严重依赖进口的贫困国家无力承担价格上涨的压力，很容易受到损害，因此 “vulnerable” 意为 “易受伤害的”，对应A选项。B “能够承受变化”、C “迅速做出调整”、D “愿意接受援助” 均与文中语境不符。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据原文第四段 “Poor countries that rely heavily on imported food and fertilizer are most vulnerable” 可推断，严重依赖进口的贫困国家面临更大风险，对应C选项。A 选项错误，原文指出海湾国家应急粮食储备仅能维持有限时间，无法长期依靠；B选项错误，高运输成本已迫使人道主义机构削减援助；D 选项错误，此次危机暴露了全球粮食体系的脆弱性，而非稳定。故选C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章标题与首句 “Middle East Conflict Threatens Global Food Security” 点明核心，全文围绕中东冲突对全球粮食安全的严重威胁展开论述，这是文章主旨，对应 B 选项。A 选项 “解决全球粮食短缺的方法”、C 选项 “全球建立应急粮食储备” 在文中均未提及；D 选项 “能源与化肥市场联系紧密” 只是文中细节，不能概括全文。故选B。 【障碍词汇】 试卷第40页，共45页 试卷第41页，共45页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/n. 冲突；争端 security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/n. 安全；保障 ongoing /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/adj. 持续进行的 disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/n. 中断；扰乱 endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 危及；使遭遇危险 urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/adj. 紧急的；紧迫的 acute /əˈkjuːt/adj. 严重的；剧烈的 strait /streɪt/n. 海峡 roughly /ˈrʌfli/adv. 大约；粗略地 fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/n. 肥料 inaccessible /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/adj. 难以抵达的 unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld/v. 逐渐显现；展开 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/n. 循环；周期 urea /jʊəˈriːə/n. 尿素 surge /sɜːdʒ/v. 急剧上升；激增 shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/n. 货运；装运 sharply /ʃɑːpli/adv. 急剧地；猛烈地 yield /jiːld/n. 产量；产出 vessel /ˈvesl/n. 船只；舰 cargo /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/n. 货物 strand /strænd/v. 滞留；搁浅 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/n. 储备；储备物资 barrel /ˈbærəl/n. 桶（石油计量单位） undernourishment /ˌʌndəˈnʌrɪʃmənt/n. 营养不良 vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的 humanitarian /hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/adj. 人道主义的 fragility /frəˈdʒɪləti/n. 脆弱；脆弱性 integrated /ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd/adj. 一体化的；综合的 instability /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/n. 不稳定；动荡 trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/v. 引发；触发 far-reaching /ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/adj. 深远的；广泛的 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/n. 后果；影响 【原创二】巨额罚单整治“幽灵外卖” Ghost Food Vendors: A Wake-Up Call for Online Catering On April 17, 2026, national market supervision(监管) authorities launched a nationwide regulatory campaign and issued a record-breaking penalty of 3.597 billion yuan to seven major online service platforms. The punishment targeted widespread irregular(不合规的) online catering businesses known as “ghost food vendors” across all food categories. This marks the largest food safety penalty against internet platform since China's Food Safety Law was revised in 2015. The case came to light from a consumer complaint in summer 2025. A customer ordered a birthday cake via online platforms, only to find inedible(不可食用) decorations and serious safety violations. The complaint triggered nationwide attention and a thorough investigation, uncovering a large illegal network in online food sales. Official checks confirmed ghost vendors operate only online, with no physical stores or legal permits. They use fake documents to register and forward orders to unregulated workshops. Fierce price competition forces these workshops to cut costs blindly, ignoring safety rules and endangering public health. After 10 months of nationwide inspections, 67,604 unqualified online sellers and more than 3.6 million orders of substandard(劣质的) cakes were uncovered. Comprehensive reforms have been implemented to strengthen oversight(监督)of the entire online industry. Beyond health risks, the case exposes the dangers of reckless price-cutting. Blind competition creates a vicious(恶性的) cycle where quality is sacrificed for market share. This campaign is guiding the industry to shift from cutthroat pricing to quality-focused operations. It sends a clear message: food safety is the non-negotiable(不容让步的) bottom line of all business activities. Only standardized operation, rational competition and long-term supervision can ensure sustainable, healthy growth of online catering. 1. In 2026, the huge penalty imposed on major online platforms mainly aims to___________. A. ban all unqualified offline catering workshops B. regulate the chaotic online catering business C. punish consumers' improper ordering behavior D. revise the national Food Safety Law urgently 2. It can be inferred from the passage that ______________. A. the problematic cake orders were nationwide rather than regional B. ghost vendors lacked online operating technology and experience C. public attention directly led to the revision of Food Safety Law D. high competition price naturally guaranteed food safety quality 3. The underlined phrase "cutthroat pricing" in the last paragraph most probably means____________. A. reasonable and rational pricing B. pricing with strict quality standards C. fierce and unhealthy price competition D. pricing fully supported by official rules 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A consumer's complaint changed the national food safety law B. People's growing concern about daily food safety problems C. The development history of online catering industry in recent years D. Online ghost food vendors' harms and official regulatory actions 5. What is the author's attitude towards the regulatory campaign? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Dismissive. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 【导读】本文围绕网络 “幽灵外卖店” 乱象与国家专项整治行动展开，核心强调食品安全是不可触碰的行业底线。 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据原文第一段 “launched a nationwide regulatory campaign and issued a record‑breaking penalty… targeted widespread irregular online catering businesses known as ‘ghost food vendors’” 可知，2026 年国家对主流线上平台开出巨额罚单，其根本目的是规范混乱无序的网络餐饮经营秩序，整治无资质、无实体店的违规商家。A 项 “取缔所有不合格线下作坊” 并非本次处罚的直接目标；C 项 “惩罚消费者订餐行为” 在文中无任何依据；D 项 “紧急修订食品安全法” 错误，该法已于 2015 年完成修订。故选B。 2.推理判断题。本文通过全国排查数据揭示幽灵商家已形成跨区域非法产业链，食品安全风险呈现全国性蔓延态势。根据原文第四段 “After 10 months of nationwide inspections, 67,604 unqualified online sellers and more than 3.6 million orders of substandard cakes were uncovered” 可明确推断，问题蛋糕订单是全国性普遍现象，而非局部区域性问题。B 项错误，幽灵商家具备线上接单能力，仅缺少合法资质与实体店铺；C 项错误，公众关注推动调查开展，但并未直接引发法律修订；D 项与原文表意完全相反，“fierce price competition forces workshops to cut costs blindly, ignoring safety rules” 说明恶性低价竞争严重破坏食品安全。故选A。 3.词句猜测题。文章深刻揭露了线上餐饮行业 “以价换量、牺牲品质” 的恶性竞争怪圈，指出盲目降价会形成危害公众健康的恶性循环。结合上文 “reckless price‑cutting”“blind competition creates a vicious cycle where quality is sacrificed for market share” 的语境逻辑，“cutthroat pricing” 意为激烈且无序、损害品质的恶性价格竞争。A 项 “合理理性定价”、B 项 “以质量为标准的定价”、D 项 “官方认可的合规定价” 均与原文批判恶性竞争的立场相反。故选C。 4.主旨大意题。本文是典型的社会问题类说明文，以消费者投诉为切入点，先揭露 “幽灵商家” 无资质经营、转包黑作坊、危害公众健康等多重危害，再介绍国家历时 10 个月的全国查处行动与行业整改方向，旨在警示平台落实主体责任、推动行业从低价竞争转向品质优先。综上，文章主旨是线上幽灵食品商家的现实危害及国家监管整治行动。A 项错误，投诉并未改变法律；B 项过于片面，仅强调关注而未覆盖核心监管举措；C 项错误，文中未涉及行业发展历程。故选D。 5.观点态度题。作者立足于食品安全与行业规范的立场，以事实、数据与官方措施为依据，客观呈现乱象成因、危害后果与治理路径，全文不带有主观批判、质疑或冷漠倾向，体现出对社会公共事件理性、中立、严谨的评述态度，因此作者对本次监管专项行动持objective（客观的）立场。故选C。 【全文翻译】 巨额罚单整治“幽灵外卖” 2026年4月17日，全国市场监管部门开展全国性整治行动，对七家主流线上服务平台处以创纪录的35.97亿元罚款。本次整治聚焦各类线上餐饮业务中普遍存在的违规经营幽灵外卖商家问题，这也是2015年中国《食品安全法》修订后，互联网平台收到的金额最高的食品安全处罚 该事件起因于2025年夏季的一则消费者投诉。一名消费者通过线上平台订购生日蛋糕，发现蛋糕装饰无法食用，存在严重安全问题。这起投诉引发全国关注与深入调查，线上食品销售背后庞大的非法经营链条随之曝光。 官方核查证实，幽灵外卖商家仅线上运营，无实体门店、无合法经营资质。这类商家凭借虚假资料注册入驻平台，再将客户订单转交不合规小作坊处理。激烈的低价竞争迫使小作坊盲目压缩成本，无视安全经营准则损害公众健康 历经十个月全国专项排查，相关部门查出67604家不合规线上商户，查实超360万份劣质蛋糕订单。目前行业已推行全面整改举措，强化线上餐饮全行业监管力度 除食品安全隐患外，此次事件也揭露了盲目低价竞价的行业弊端。无序的市场竞争形成恶性循环，商家为抢占市场份额，不惜牺牲产品品质。 本次整治正推动行业摆脱恶性低价竞争，转向品质优先的运营模式，同时明确传递核心信号:食品安全是所有商业经营活动不容妥协的底线。唯有规范运营、理性竞争与长期监管，才能推动线上餐饮行业稳健良性发展。 密押预测·精练通关 Passage 1 (2025•3月•天津卷•D篇 议论文—如何定义美好生活) Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 51. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 52. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 53. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 54. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序（即生活的“形态”）。 51.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people.(即使是亚里士多德，他也认为幸福的关键在于美德的培养和锻炼，但他仍然认为某些物品要么是幸福的必要条件，要么是美德之人所能获得的物品)”可知，亚里士多德认为某些物品对幸福是必要的，或者美德之人会获得这些物品，即物品有助于幸福。故选A。 52.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role.(托比多年来一直在努力找工作，经历了各种各样的困难。他成为了一名著名而富有的演员，并在退休前的最后一部电影中获得了奥斯卡奖。然而，伊博特凭借他的第一部电影角色赢得了奥斯卡奖)”以及第三段“These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth.(这两位演员的人生，就像他们的名字一样，是互为镜像的存在。托比和伊博特的人生净值似乎不相上下)”可知，两人都获得了奥斯卡奖，达到了职业生涯的顶峰，即他们在事业上达到了相同的高度。故选B。 53.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do.(爬山的人比坐公交车到山顶的人会经历更多的挣扎，但爬山的人也会有一种成就感，这是另一个人可能会羡慕的。从这个意义上说，我们可能会认为托比的生活更好，因为他的高峰似乎比伊博特的更值得)”可知，作者通过爬山的例子试图传达的是：辛苦得来的成功更受珍视。故选D。 54.推理判断题。根据第四段中“But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference.(但这并不是全部。叙述本身似乎也有影响)”以及“Where the story ends seems to matter in itself.(故事的结局本身很重要)”并结合后文对生活叙述顺序的讨论可知，作者在写第四段是试图进一步论证前文提出的“生活形态”假说，即生活的叙述顺序也很重要。故选C。 55.主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 Passage 2 (2025•6月•天津卷•D篇 议论文—科学探索及局限性)Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 51. Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B. To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C. To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D. To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 52. What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A. Broader science education. B. More advanced facilities for experiments. C. Deeper understanding of the brain power. D. More investment in next-generation scientists. 53. How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A. They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B. They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C. They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D. They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 54. What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A. Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B. Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C. Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D. Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 55. What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A. Correct ideas are testable. B. Untestable ideas can be true. C. Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D. An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 【答案】51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出科学是探索宇宙的有力工具，但存在局限，包括需先进设备、人类认知待进化、有根本性难题难突破，还补充不可测试的想法未必错误。 51.推理判断题。根据第一段“Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. (科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于其有效应用至关重要。有时我会把刀柄当作锤子来使用，但要是手边有更合适的工具就好了。就科学而言，它在能进行测试的事物上表现得非常出色，但对于那些无法测试的事物则不然。)”可知，作者在第一段中提及“刀”和“锤子”是为了强调使用合适的工具以达到预期效果的重要性。故选D。 52.细节理解题。根据第二段“We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. (我们的大脑能够完成并且已经完成了大量的工作。但也有其局限性。有时，如果我们持续努力足够长的时间，这些局限性就会消失——我们只是需要更先进的设备和实验来得出答案。以这种方式在现代科学领域开辟新领域可能会耗费大量资源。下一代超级计算机或极其巨大的望远镜价格不菲，但这些可能是解决宇宙中一些未解之谜所必需的。)”可知，在科学领域开拓新领域时，通常需要更先进的实验设备。故选B。 53.细节理解题。根据第三段“What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. (倘若我们的DNA进化程度再提高1.2%呢？那我们的大脑又会具备怎样的能力呢？抽象思维的水平或许会令人难以想象。)”可知，作者认为人类的认知能力尚未进一步进化以更好地了解宇宙。故选C。 54.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方。)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 55.细节理解题。根据第五段“If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. (如果一个想法无法进行验证，这并不意味着它就是错误的。这意味着目前它还无法被验证。而这些无法验证的想法恰恰往往是最具趣味性的，可能是因为它们已经困扰人类数百年之久。)”可知，作者认为不可测试的想法也可能是正确的。故选B。 Passage 3 （2026·天津静海·二模）Imagine a world without English majors. In the last decade, the study of English and history in college has fallen by a third. According to a recent story in The New Yorker, “The End of the English Major”, this decline is largely a result of economic factors: which departments get funded or what students earn after graduation, etc. Fields once wide open to English majors, such as teaching, academia, publishing, the arts, the media have collapsed or become less desirable. Facing huge academic debt and an uncertain job market, students may find majors like communication arts and digital storytelling more realistic. And yet another important and discouraging part of the story is that the study of English itself may have lost its allure (吸引力), even among kids who enjoy reading. They are learning to hate the subject well before college. Both in terms of what kids are assigned and how they are instructed to read it, English class in middle and high school — now renamed as language arts, or language and literature-is often a suffering. It’s as if once schools teach kids how to read, they devote the remainder of their education to making them dread doing so. A typical high school assignment now involves painstakingly marking up text with colored pencils in search of “literary devices”-red for imagery and diction, yellow for tone or mood, etc. Students are instructed to read even popular fiction at an extremely slow pace in the service of close-reading in unison (完全一致地). They’re warned not to skip ahead. No one is supposed to feel excited! When I was in public high school in the olden 80s, we read “The Red Badge of Courage” and “The Scarlet Letter,” with multiple forays (首次尝试) into Shakespeare. We were assigned Faulkner, Joyce, Conrad and Henry James, authors whose work opened my mind and tested my abilities of comprehension and interpretation. But if anyone had suggested that I be offended by a nearly all-male reading list, I would have been hurt. Couldn’t girls read books by men just as well as boys could? At the same time, my teacher’s expectation that I could make sense of “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man”, felt like a vote of confidence. Students were encouraged not to avoid or attack these books but to learn from them. 1．Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the decline of English major? A．Dim job prospect. B．High education debt. C．Unrestricted study materials. D．Undesirable study approach. 2．The underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______. A．avoid B．fear C．ignore D．regret 3．What do we know about current English class from Paragraph 2 and 3? A．Current teaching mode is so intense that kids may feel frightened. B．Current teaching mode ignores the importance of reading skills. C．Current teaching mode put little emphasis on the value of reading. D．Current teaching mode discourage kids from reading out of interest. 4．Which of the following statements will the author mostly agree with? A．English major is likely to disappear in the not-so-distant future. B．Students should be encouraged to learn from classic literary works. C．Students should be taught to read slowly in search of literary devices. D．Females will feel disrespected if given nearly all-male books to read. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing this article? A．To explain the decline of English major. B．To criticize the current education system. C．To introduce her own reading experience. D．To give suggestions on the existing education mode. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了英语专业衰退原因及当前教育问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fields once wide open to English majors, such as teaching, academia, publishing, the arts, the media have collapsed or become less desirable. Facing huge academic debt and an uncertain job market, students may find majors like communication arts and digital storytelling more realistic.(曾经向英语专业学生敞开的领域，如教学、学术界、出版业、艺术界、媒体界，已经崩溃或变得不那么令人向往。面对巨额的学业债务和不确定的就业市场，学生可能会发现像传播艺术和数字故事讲述这样的专业更现实。)”可知，英语专业衰退的原因包括黯淡的就业前景、高额的教育债务，而根据第二段“And yet another important and discouraging part of the story is that the study of English itself may have lost its allure (吸引力), even among kids who enjoy reading.(而这件事里另一个重要且令人沮丧的地方是：英语学习本身可能已经失去了吸引力，即便在那些喜欢阅读的孩子中间也是如此)”和第三段中“A typical high school assignment now involves painstakingly marking up text with colored pencils in search of “literary devices”-red for imagery and diction, yellow for tone or mood, etc. Students are instructed to read even popular fiction at an extremely slow pace in the service of close-reading in unison (完全一致地). They’re warned not to skip ahead. No one is supposed to feel excited!(现在，一个典型的高中作业包括用彩色铅笔仔细地在文本上做标记，寻找“文学手法”——红色代表意象和措辞，黄色代表语气或情绪，等等。学生们被要求以极慢的速度阅读即使是流行小说，以便能够完全一致地精读。他们被警告不要跳过。根本不让学生从阅读里感受到兴奋！)”内容可知，不受欢迎的学习方式也是原因之一，C选项“不受限制的学习材料”并未提及。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It’s as if once schools teach kids how to read, they devote the remainder of their education to making them dread doing so.(就好像一旦学校教孩子们如何阅读，他们就会把余下的教育都用来让他们dread这样做。)”以及第三段中“A typical high school assignment now involves painstakingly marking up text with colored pencils in search of “literary devices”-red for imagery and diction, yellow for tone or mood, etc. Students are instructed to read even popular fiction at an extremely slow pace in the service of close-reading in unison (完全一致地). They’re warned not to skip ahead. No one is supposed to feel excited!(现在，一个典型的高中作业包括用彩色铅笔仔细地在文本上做标记，寻找“文学手法”——红色代表意象和措辞，黄色代表语气或情绪，等等。学生们被要求以极慢的速度阅读即使是流行小说，以便能够完全一致地精读。他们被警告不要跳过。根本不让学生从阅读里感受到兴奋！)”可知，现在的教学方式让学生们感到害怕，所以他们才会被警告不要跳过，根本不让学生从阅读里感受到兴奋，因此dread意为“害怕”，与fear意思相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“English class in middle and high school-now renamed as language arts, or language and literature-is often a suffering. It’s as if once schools teach kids how to read, they devote the remainder of their education to making them dread doing so.(中学和高中的英语课——现在改名为语言艺术或语言文学——往往是一种痛苦。就好像一旦学校教孩子们如何阅读，他们就会把余下的教育都用来让他们害怕这样做。)”以及第三段中“No one is supposed to feel excited!(根本不让学生从阅读里感受到兴奋！)”可知，现在的英语课的教学方式让孩子们因为害怕而失去了阅读的兴趣。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We were assigned Faulkner, Joyce, Conrad and Henry James, authors whose work opened my mind and tested my abilities of comprehension and interpretation.(我们被分配了福克纳、乔伊斯、康拉德和亨利·詹姆斯的作品，这些作家的作品开阔了我的思维，考验了我的理解和诠释能力。)”以及最后一段中“Students were encouraged not to avoid or attack these books but to learn from them.(学生们被鼓励不要回避或攻击这些书，而是要从中学习。)”可知，作者认为学生应该被鼓励从经典文学作品中学习。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine a world without English majors. In the last decade, the study of English and history in college has fallen by a third.(想象一个没有英语专业学生的世界。在过去的十年里，大学里的英语和历史专业学习人数下降了三分之一。)”可知，全文先介绍英语专业没落的现状与经济原因，再重点批判当下死板枯燥、扼杀兴趣的英语教学，对比自己当年优质的经典阅读课堂，核心是剖析并批判英语专业衰败背后的教育问题。故选A。 Passage 4 （2026·天津·一模）Reflection is a quiet yet powerful habit that has accompanied human growth throughout history. When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant. However, reflection does not only take place in moments of solitude (独处). It can occur while we are walking home from school, writing in a journal, or even discussing a mistake with a friend. Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning. Rather than simply remembering what happened, we try to understand why it happened and what we can learn from it. Unlike what some people assume, reflection is not a waste of time. It is, in fact, a powerful tool for learning and personal development. Long before modern psychology emphasized self-awareness, thoughtful individuals had already realized that growth depends not only on action, but also on thoughtful review. By reflecting on our successes and failures, we gain insight into our strengths and weaknesses. Reflection supports learning because it helps organize experience into understanding. Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively. Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning. Above all, reflection has a transformative power. It allows us to see ourselves and the world from a slightly different angle. Instead of reacting automatically to events, we begin to respond thoughtfully. Through reflection, we may challenge our own assumptions, adjust our attitudes, and make wiser choices in the future. This ability to step back and reconsider our experiences plays an important role in building empathy as well. When we reflect on our own feelings, we become more aware of the feelings of others. By understanding our reactions, we are better prepared to understand theirs. In this way, reflection not only deepens self-knowledge, but also strengthens our connection with the people around us. 1．What is the first image that may come to mind when thinking of reflection? A．A teacher correcting homework. B．A person thinking quietly about past events. C．A group discussion in class. D．A psychologist giving advice. 2．What are the two essential elements of reflection mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Action and imagination. B．Memory and emotion. C．Looking back and thinking deeply. D．Discussion and correction. 3．Why is reflection considered helpful for learning? A．It replaces action with careful thinking. B．It helps learners remember and apply knowledge better. C．It makes learning more interesting. D．It shortens study time and saves energy. 4．According to the passage, what may happen if people act without reflection? A．They may understand others better. B．They may learn more efficiently. C．They may develop stronger self-awareness. D．They may gain a shallow understanding. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Habit of Looking back. B．The Role of Experience. C．The Power of Reflection. D．The Meaning of Growth. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍反思的定义、形式、基本要素，以及反思对学习、个人成长和人际交往的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When we think of reflection, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is someone sitting alone after a long day, replaying conversations, decisions or experiences in their mind, trying to make sense of what happened and what it meant.(当我们想到反思时，脑海中浮现的第一个画面可能是一个人在漫长的一天后独自坐着，在脑海中重温对话、决定或经历，试图弄清楚发生了什么以及它意味着什么。)”可知，想到反思时，首先想到的画面是一个人安静思考过去的事。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whatever form it takes, reflection usually involves two essential elements: looking back on an experience and thinking carefully about its meaning.(无论采取何种形式，反思通常包含两个基本要素：回顾一段经历，并仔细思考它的意义。)”可知，反思的两个要素是回顾和深入思考。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Research suggests that when learners pause to think about what they have studied, they remember the material more clearly and apply it more effectively.(研究表明，当学习者停下来思考所学内容时，他们能更清晰地记住知识，并更有效地运用知识。)”可知，反思有助于学习者更好地记忆和运用知识。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Simply moving from one task to another without reflection often leads to superficial (表面的) learning. (不经过反思就从一项任务转向另一项任务，往往会导致肤浅的学习。)”可知，不反思就行动可能只会获得肤浅的理解。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Above all, reflection has a transformative power.(最重要的是，反思具有改变的力量。)”和全文对反思作用的论述可知，文章核心是阐述反思的强大作用，因此最适合的标题是“反思的力量”。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for driving human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became closely connected with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month. “Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get biological evidence to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.” The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids (马科动物) and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event, when herders (牧人) in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild donkeys. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later. Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Sahara deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys’ help in navigating the expanding Sahara. Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrower region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys. Not only does understanding the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors. 1．What can be learned about donkeys from Paragraph ? A．They seemed mysterious to human ancestors. B．They underwent multiple domestication events. C．They were tamed at an earlier time than horses. D．They were vividly described by ancient travelers. 2．What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement? A．The earliest habitats of donkeys are hardly traceable. B．It is increasingly easy to read donkeys’ DNA sequences. C．Written accounts contain vital clues for donkey research. D．Genetic analysis offers insight into the history of donkeys. 3．In their study, the researchers investigate how donkeys ________. A．spread widely in the world B．survived with the help of herders C．developed certain behavioral traits D．adapted to the changing environment 4．As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando ________. A．challenges conventional ideas B．provides a possible explanation C．calls for evidence from the Sahara D．holds a different view from Kreier 5．The authors think that their research could help with ________. A．greater protection of wildlife B．better management of donkeys C．recovering early types of donkeys D．raising awareness of climate change 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了数千年来，驴对人类文明至关重要，但其驯化起源一直成谜。研究人员通过分析 200 多个驴的基因组，确定它们约7000年前在东非被驯化，早于马3000年。这一发现不仅揭示了驴对人类历史的贡献，也有助于未来对其进行更好的保护与管理。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.(如今，研究人员通过对200多头驴的基因组进行分析，追溯了它们的驯化历史，发现这一过程大约发生在7000年前的东非地区——比人类驯化马匹的时间早了约3000年)”可知，驴的驯化时间比马早了约3000年。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Looking at these DNA sequences, we get biological evidence to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.(通过对这些DNA序列的分析，我们获得了有关这些动物所生存的环境以及它们所经历的生存过程的生物学证据)”可知，通过DNA序列可以获得生物学证据来了解驴的历史。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.(随后，他们进一步探究了这些动物是如何在大约2500年后迁徙至该大陆的其他地区，并最终抵达欧洲和亚洲的)”可知，研究者追踪了驴如何广泛分布到世界各地。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段““Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Sahara deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys’ help in navigating the expanding Sahara.(该论文的合著者、法国保罗萨巴蒂耶大学的进化生物学家卢多维克·奥兰多在接受该媒体采访时表示：“在搬运重物方面，驴子堪称佼佼者，而且它们擅长在撒哈拉沙漠地带行进。”史前人类或许曾借助驴子的帮助来穿越不断扩张的撒哈拉沙漠)”可知，至于驴的最初驯化原因，奥兰多给出了一个可能的解释。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Not only does understanding the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.(作者们指出，了解马科动物的基因构成不仅有助于揭示它们对人类历史的贡献，而且在未来还可能有助于改善对它们的管理，因为气候变化正在改变地球的环境)”可知，研究有助于改进未来对驴的管理。故选B。 Passage 6 （2026·天津·一模）The search for life elsewhere in the universe is one of the most exciting aspects of modern science. Given its importance, significant resources are devoted to the young science of astrobiology (天体生物学) , ranging from rovers (探测器) on Mars to observations of planets moving around other stars. The goal of this science would be the actual discovery of alien (外星的) life. Such a discovery would likely have profound scientific and philosophical implications. But for all we know, extraterrestrial life may not even exist. Fortunately, even if alien life is never discovered, simply searching for it will bring valuable benefits to society. Why is this the case? First, astrobiology is fundamentally multidisciplinary (多学科) . The search for alien life requires a grasp of astronomy, biology, geology, and planetary science at a minimum. University courses in astrobiology need to cover elements of all these different subjects. By forcing multiple scientific disciplines to interact, astrobiology is stimulating a partial reunification of the sciences. It is helping to move 21st-century science away from the extreme specialization of today. It is also important to recognize that astrobiology is an incredibly open-ended field, searching for life in the universe takes us from extreme environments on Earth to the plains of Mars. Whether or not life is discovered in any of these environments, this search will continue. The range of entirely new environments opened to investigation will be essentially non-restricted. Therefore, it has the potential to be a never-ending source of scientific and intellectual stimulation. Beyond the more narrowly intellectual benefits of astrobiology are a range of wider societal benefits. These arise from the kinds of perspectives that the study of astrobiology naturally promotes. It is simply not possible to consider searching for life on Mars without moving away from the Earth-centric perspectives that dominate the social and political lives of most people today. Indeed, it is only by sending spacecraft out to explore the solar system that we can obtain images of our own planet that show it in its true cosmic setting. Today, our planet is faced with global challenges that can only be met by increased international cooperation. At such a time, the growth of a unifying perspective is potentially of enormous importance. “The most dangerous worldview is the one of those who have not viewed the world,” said the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. I think that there is an important implication in this perspective. Humanity is an intelligent technological species that now dominates the only known inhabited planet in the universe. It has a responsibility to develop international social institutions appropriate to managing the situation in which we find ourselves. 1．What is the primary impact of astrobiology on 21st-century science? A．It prioritizes biological research over astronomical observations. B．It limits students’ training to a single core subject for deeper expertise. C．It forms integration of scientific disciplines to reduce overspecialization. D．It shifts focus from planetary exploration to laboratory-based experiments. 2．Which statement about the open-ended nature of astrobiology is supported? A．The search will cease once a single new environment is found. B．It offers limitless novel environments for scientific exploration. C．Discovering life is the core criterion for the value of the field. D．Its investigations are restricted to Mars-like environments. 3．How does astrobiology contribute to addressing global challenges? A．By promoting a shared viewpoint to urge international cooperation. B．By replacing political negotiations with scientific decision-making. C．By motivating resource conservation from the Earth-centric perspective. D．By providing advanced technology to monitor climate change directly. 4．Why does the author quote Alexander von Humboldt’s words? A．To criticize the narrow worldview of those without world travel experience. B．To emphasize the necessity of viewing Earth from a global perspective. C．To argue that technological dominance alone defines human intelligence. D．To suggest that naturalists are better equipped to address global challenges. 5．What does the author argue for in writing the passage? A．The history and development of astrobiology as a science B．The challenges of international cooperation in scientific research C．The importance of space exploration for technological advances D．The potential benefits and significance of the search for alien life 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍天体生物学的价值，即便未发现外星生命，其研究也能带来诸多科学与社会益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By forcing multiple scientific disciplines to interact, astrobiology is stimulating a partial reunification of the sciences. It is helping to move 21st-century science away from the extreme specialization of today.(通过促使多个科学学科相互交融，天体生物学正推动科学实现部分融合，助力21世纪科学摆脱当下过度专业化的困境)”可知，天体生物学促进学科整合、减少过度专业化，对21世纪科学产生核心影响。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The range of entirely new environments opened to investigation will be essentially non-restricted.(可供研究的全新环境范围基本上是不受限制的)”可知，天体生物学为科学探索提供了无限的全新环境，支撑其开放性本质。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Today, our planet is faced with global challenges that can only be met by increased international cooperation. At such a time, the growth of a unifying perspective is potentially of enormous importance.(如今，地球面临的全球性挑战，只有加强国际合作才能应对。在这样的时刻，统一视角的形成具有潜在的重大意义)”可知，天体生物学通过推动共识形成、促进国际合作，助力应对全球挑战。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“It is simply not possible to consider searching for life on Mars without moving away from the Earth-centric perspectives that dominate the social and political lives of most people today.(如果不摆脱如今主导大多数人社会和政治生活的以地球为中心的视角，就根本无法考虑在火星上寻找生命)”以及引用的话语可知，作者引用这句话是为了强调从全球视角看待地球的必要性。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Fortunately, even if alien life is never discovered, simply searching for it will bring valuable benefits to society.(幸运的是，即使永远找不到外星生命，仅仅是寻找它的过程也会给社会带来宝贵的益处)”，结合后文科学价值、社会价值等论述可知，作者旨在论证寻找外星生命的潜在益处与重要意义。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2026·天津·一模）Exploring the vast area where psychology and physiology meet, recent studies are continually casting light on an interesting phenomenon: the impact of our mental states on physical health. The concept of a mind-body connection, often viewed with disbelief, is now gaining support through scientific inquiry. For instance, happiness has been found to have a protective effect against common illnesses. This revelation came from a 2003 study where over 300 participants, exposed to a cold virus, exhibited fewer symptoms if they had a generally positive outlook on life. These individuals weren’t just happier; they were healthier. This link between our psychological state and physical well-being extends beyond temporary illness. Focusing on the longevity of optimists, research led by Dr. Laura Kubzansky of Harvard has revealed that an optimistic outlook is associated with a lower ‘allostatic load’ — the wear and tear on the body from long-term stress. This reduced burden is thought to contribute to longer lifespans, with the most optimistic among us living significantly longer lives. Another striking area where the mind’s influence is visible is in the function and length of telomeres (端粒) — protective caps at the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) . Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn’s pioneering work has shown that individuals under long-term stress have shorter telomeres, which can lead to earlier cellular aging. On the other hand, positive mental attitudes and practices like meditation appear to preserve telomere length, suggesting that our mental practices can influence the very aging process of our cells. The implications of these findings are broad and significant, particularly in medical treatment and recovery. The placebo (安慰剂) effect, once a mere footnote in clinical trials, is now a central focus in understanding how belief and expectation can bring about real physical changes. From reducing pain to improving surgery outcomes, placebos have demonstrated that our belief in a treatment’s effectiveness can appear as real healing in the body. Recent experiments have explored this by administering ‘open-label’ placebos — placebos given with clear statement that they contain no active ingredients — to patients. Remarkably, these placebos can still lead to improvements in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, challenging our perception about the nature of healing. As we look to the future, the developing field of psychoneuroimmunology (心理神经免疫学) is sure to offer even more insights into how our mental landscape affects our physical health. The implications of this could be transformative, as we begin to integrate psychological wellness into our standard healthcare practices. The ultimate question that emerges is not whether our minds influence our health — that much is clear — but how we can use this power most effectively for a healthier society. 1．What did the 2003 study reveal about the mind- body connection in the passage? A．Belief in traditional treatment produces reliable physical improvements. B．Optimism is related to reduced physical pressure and shorter lifespan. C．The mind- body connection is now supported by scientific research. D．Positive outlook could prevent participants from catching cold. 2．What can be inferred from Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn’s research on telomeres? A．Shortened telomeres are the primary cause of all chronic diseases. B．Positive mental practices may slow down the biological aging of cells. C．Stress has no measurable impact on the structure of human chromosomes. D．Telomere length is mainly determined by genetic factor instead of lifestyle. 3．Paragraph 5 serves to __________ in the context. A．highlight the invisible effects of open- label placebos on patients. B．provide an example challenging traditional view of placebos. C．explain the chemical mechanism behind the placebo effect. D．summarize the historical development of placebo research. 4．What is implied to integrate psychological wellness into standard healthcare? A．Permanent focus on the placebo effect to reduce healthcare costs. B．Future research into all mental states other than optimism and stress. C．Further research into how to maximize the mind’s power over health. D．Traditional medical treatments to be replaced with mental health cures. 5．Which title best captures the central theme of the passage? A．The Placebo Effect: A Closer Look at Belief-Driven Healing B．Optimism vs. Pessimism: A Decade-Long Study on Longevity C．The Mind-Body Bond: How Mental States Shape Physical Health D．Telomeres and Aging: The Hidden Link to Psychological Wellbeing 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍心理状态对身体健康的影响，从积极情绪、端粒、安慰剂效应等方面论证身心关联的科学性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The concept of a mind-body connection, often viewed with disbelief, is now gaining support through scientific inquiry. For instance, happiness has been found to have a protective effect against common illnesses. This revelation came from a 2003 study where over 300 participants, exposed to a cold virus, exhibited fewer symptoms if they had a generally positive outlook on life.(身心关联的概念以往常遭质疑，如今正通过科学研究得到支持。例如，研究发现幸福感有助于预防常见疾病。这一发现来自2003年的一项研究，该研究让300多名参与者接触感冒病毒，结果心态积极的人症状更轻。)”可知，2003年的研究表明身心关联得到了科学研究的支持。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn’s pioneering work has shown that individuals under long-term stress have shorter telomeres, which can lead to earlier cellular aging. On the other hand, positive mental attitudes and practices like meditation appear to preserve telomere length, suggesting that our mental practices can influence the very aging process of our cells.(伊丽莎白·布莱克本博士的开创性研究表明，长期处于压力下的人端粒更短，这会导致细胞更早衰老。相反，积极的心态和冥想等行为似乎能保持端粒长度，这表明心理活动可以影响细胞的衰老过程。)”可知，积极的心理活动可能减缓细胞的生理衰老。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Recent experiments have explored this by administering ‘open-label’ placebos — placebos given with clear statement that they contain no active ingredients — to patients. Remarkably, these placebos can still lead to improvements in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, challenging our perception about the nature of healing.(最近的研究通过给患者服用‘公开安慰剂’——即明确告知不含有效成分的安慰剂——来探索这一效应。值得注意的是，这些安慰剂仍然能改善肠易激综合征等病症，挑战了我们对治愈本质的认知。)”可知，第五段通过举例挑战了人们对安慰剂的传统看法。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ultimate question that emerges is not whether our minds influence our health — that much is clear — but how we can use this power most effectively for a healthier society.(最终的问题不在于我们的心理是否影响健康——这一点已经很明确——而在于我们如何最有效地利用这种力量来建设更健康的社会。)”可知，将心理健康融入标准医疗需要进一步研究如何最大限度发挥心理对健康的作用。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Exploring the vast area where psychology and physiology meet, recent studies are continually casting light on an interesting phenomenon: the impact of our mental states on physical health.(近期研究不断探索心理学与生理学的交叉领域，揭示了一个有趣的现象：心理状态对身体健康的影响。)”可知，文章围绕身心关联展开，从2003年的研究、端粒研究、安慰剂效应等多个方面，论证了心理状态对身体健康的塑造作用，因此 “身心关联：心理状态如何塑造身体健康”最能概括全文核心主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）Waking up just one hour earlier could reduce a person’s risk of major depression by 23%, suggests a sweeping new genetic study. Previous observational studies have shown that night owls are twice as likely to suffer from depression as early risers, regardless of how long they sleep. In 2018, senior author Celine Vetter, assistant professor of integrative physiology at CU Boulder, published a long-term study of 32,000 nurses showing that “early risers” were up to 27% less likely to develop depression over the course of four years. To get a clearer sense of whether shifting sleep time earlier is truly protective, and how much shift is required, lead author Lyas Daglas, M. D．, turned to data from the DNA testing company and ten used a method called “Mendelian randomization” to decipher (破译) cause and effect. More than 340 common genetic variants, including variants in the so-called “clock gene” PER2, are known to influence a person’s internal clock, and genes collectively explain 12-42% of our sleep time preference. The researchers assessed deidentified genetic data on these variants from up to 850,000 individuals, including data from 85,000 who had worn wearable sleep trackers for 7 days and 250,000 who had filled out sleep-preference questionnaires. In the largest of these samples, about a third of surveyed people self-identified as early risers, 9% were night owls and the rest were in the middle. With this information in hand, the researchers turned to a different sample which included genetic information along with anonymized (匿名的) medical and prescription records and surveys about diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Using new statistical techniques, they asked: do those with genetic variants which predispose them to be early risers also have a lower risk of depression? The answer is a firm yes. Each-one-hour earlier sleep midpoint (halfway between bedtime and wake time) corresponded with a 23% lower risk of major depressive disorder. This suggests that if someone who normally goes to bed at 1 a.m. goes to bed at midnight instead and sleeps the same duration, they could cut their risk by 23%; if they go to bed at 11 p.m. they could cut it by about 40%. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The significant role of gene action in depression. B．A new observational study about causes of depression. C．The close relationship between depression and sleep time. D．Whether early risers are less likely to suffer from depression. 2．How did Lyas Daghlas decipher cause and effect? A．By exploring the influence of genes on depression. B．By analyzing samples of surveyed people’s self-identification. C．By tracking individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder. D．By proving the decisive role sleep time plays in genetic variants. 3．What is Lyas Daghals’s research mainly based on? A．Medical treatment records of early risers. B．The genetic research and data about DNA C．A comprehensive analysis of different samples. D．250,000 people’s self-identification and questionnaires. 4．How do you understand the underlined part in the last paragraph? A．Make them more likely to rise early. B．Change early risers’ habits. C．Force them to change their chronotype D．Lead them to shift sleep time 5．Which can be the suitable title for this text? A．Risk of Depression Decreases When Sleeping Time Increases B．Genes Have More Impact on Depression than Sleep Time Does C．A New Research Suggests Early Risers Carry Clock Gene called PER2 D．Moving Sleep Time An Hour Earlier Could Cut Depression Risk by 23% 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究表明提前一小时睡眠时间可降低23%的重度抑郁症风险，并介绍了研究过程与发现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Waking up just one hour earlier could reduce a person’s risk of major depression by 23%, suggests a sweeping new genetic study. Previous observational studies have shown that night owls are twice as likely to suffer from depression as early risers, regardless of how long they sleep. In 2018, senior author Celine Vetter, assistant professor of integrative physiology at CU Boulder, published a long-term study of 32,000 nurses showing that “early risers” were up to 27% less likely to develop depression over the course of four years.(一项广泛开展的新型基因研究显示，提前一小时起床可使一个人患重度抑郁症的风险降低23%。先前的观察性研究表明，无论睡眠时间长短，夜猫子患抑郁症的可能性是早起者的两倍。2018年，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校综合生理学助理教授、资深作者Celine Vetter发表了一项针对3.2万名护士的长期研究，该研究表明，在四年时间里，“早起者”患抑郁症的可能性降低了27%。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了抑郁症和睡眠时间之间的紧密联系。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To get a clearer sense of whether shifting sleep time earlier is truly protective, and how much shift is required, lead author Lyas Daglas, M. D., turned to data from the DNA testing company and ten used a method called “Mendelian randomization” to decipher (破译) cause and effect.(为了更清楚地了解提前睡眠时间是否真的具有保护作用，以及需要提前多少时间，主要作者Lyas Daglas博士求助于DNA检测公司的数据，并采用了一种名为“孟德尔随机化”的方法来破译因果关系。)”以及第三段中“More than 340 common genetic variants, including variants in the so-called “clock gene” PER2, are known to influence a person’s internal clock, and genes collectively explain 12-42% of our sleep time preference.(已知有超过340种常见的基因变异，包括所谓的“时钟基因”PER2中的变异，会影响人的生物钟，这些基因共同解释了我们睡眠时间偏好的12%至42%。)”可知，Lyas Daghlas通过探索基因对抑郁症的影响来破译因果关系。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers assessed deidentified genetic data on these variants from up to 850,000 individuals, including data from 85,000 who had worn wearable sleep trackers for 7 days and 250,000 who had filled out sleep-preference questionnaires.(研究人员评估了来自多达85万人的这些变体的去识别基因数据，其中包括8.5万人佩戴可穿戴睡眠追踪器7天的数据，以及25万人填写的睡眠偏好问卷。)”以及第四段中“With this information in hand, the researchers turned to a different sample which included genetic in formation along with anonymized (匿名的) medical and prescription records and surveys about diagnosed of major depressive disorder.(有了这些信息，研究人员转向了另一个样本，其中包括基因信息以及匿名的医疗和处方记录，以及关于被诊断为重度抑郁症的调查。)”可知，Lyas Daghlas的研究主要基于对不同样本的综合分析。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Using new statistical techniques, they asked: do those with genetic variants which predispose them to be early risers also have a lower risk of depression? The answer is a firm yes. Each-one-hour earlier sleep midpoint (halfway between bedtime and wake time) corresponded with a 23% lower risk of major depressive disorder.(研究人员采用新的统计技术提出问题：predispose them to be early risers，是否患抑郁症的风险也更低？答案十分肯定。睡眠中点（即上床睡觉时间与起床时间的中间点）每提前一小时，患重度抑郁症的风险就会降低23%。)”以及“if they go to bed at 11 p.m. they could cut it by about 40%.(如果他们在晚上11点上床睡觉，他们可以将风险降低约40%。)”可知，提出的问题是“使他们更倾向于早起，患抑郁症的风险是否也更低？”，由此猜测predispose them to be early risers的意思是“使他们更倾向于早起”。故选A。 5．细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Waking up just one hour earlier could reduce a person’s risk of major depression by 23%, suggests a sweeping new genetic study.(一项全面的新基因研究表明，提前一小时起床可以降低一个人患重度抑郁症的风险23%。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的基因研究表明提前一小时起床可以降低一个人患重度抑郁症的风险23%。因此，D选项“提前一小时睡眠时间可以降低23%的抑郁症风险”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 9 （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）It’s good to be smart. After all, intelligent people earn more money, accumulate more wealth, and even live longer. But there’s another side to the story. The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don’t, especially in situations that require common sense. Travis Bradberry, president at Talent Smart, explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that “Rational thinking and intelligence don’t tend to go hand in hand. Intelligent people are more prone to silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic. These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities.” They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they don’t even realise when they’re making a mess by answering without thinking things through. A lifetime of praise leads smart people to develop too much faith in their intelligence and abilities. They often fail to recognise when they need help, and when they do recognise it, they tend to believe that no one else is capable of providing it. “It’s hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that they’re wrong. It’s even harder for smart people because they grow so used to being right all the time that it becomes a part of their identity,” Bradberry wrote. “For smart people, being wrong can feel like a personal attack, and being right, a necessity.” Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback. They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback. Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally. Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them. They simply don’t understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things, and because of that, they push people too hard. They set the bar too high, and when people take too long or don’t get things quite right, they assume it’s due to a lack of effort. So they push even harder. 1．What do we learn from the passage about the brightest people? A．They can make silly mistakes in straightforward situations. B．They usually turn a blind eye to their own weaknesses. C．They are admired by people around them. D．They can differ in their personalities. 2．What accounts for the existence of intelligent people’s logical blind spots? A．Their irrational way of thinking. B．Too much faith in their ability to think. C．Their ignorance of behavioural science. D．Too much concern about their work. 3．How do smart people react when they are found to be wrong? A．They shift the blame to others. B．They graciously accept the facts. C．They may feel shocked. D．They may get offended. 4．What may happen to smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions? A．They may suffer in their professional and private life. B．They may lose faith in their administrative abilities. C．They may commit more errors than ever before. D．They may experience a lot of emotional stress. 5．What is said about those working with or under overachieving people? A．They put a lot of effort into their work B．They set higher goals for themselves. C．They are under increasing pressure. D．They take less time to get things done. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了聪明虽有优势，但聪明人易因过度自信、习惯正确而犯常识性错误，难以接受批评与失败，还会给身边人带来压力，影响自身发展与人际关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But there’s another side to the story. The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don’t, especially in situations that require common sense.(但事情还有另外一面。那些最聪明的人和最出色的领导者有时也会犯一些其他人不会犯的错误，尤其是在那些需要运用常识才能应对的情况下)”可知，最聪明的人在简单的情况下也会犯愚蠢的错误。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities.(这些盲点之所以存在，是因为聪明的人往往会对自己的推理能力过于自信)”可知，对自己思考能力的过度自信导致了聪明人的逻辑盲点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“For smart people, being wrong can feel like a personal attack, and being right, a necessity.(对于聪明的人来说，犯错会让他们感觉像是受到了个人攻击，而正确则成了他们必须坚守的准则)”可知，聪明的人发现自己错了可能会觉得自己被冒犯了。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally.(这种倾向不仅会阻碍他们的成长和发展，还可能导致不良的人际关系，无论是个人层面还是职业层面)”可知，那些难以接受他人建议的聪明人在职业和私人生活中可能会遭受挫折。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They simply don’t understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things, and because of that, they push people too hard.(他们就是不明白，有些人为了达成同样的目标竟然要付出如此巨大的努力，正因为如此，他们才会对别人施加过大的压力)”可知，那些与高成就者共事或在其手下工作的人承受的压力过大。故选C。 Passage 10 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）In George Orwell’s novel 1984, “Newspeak” was a simplified language designed to limit citizens’ critical thinking. In today’s digital reality, a linguistic phenomenon known as “algospeak” is growing widespread across the internet. It’s an attempt to bypass social media platforms’ language restrictions. According to linguist Adam Aleksic, users are increasingly coining new terms to prevent their content from being marked or removed for containing harmful, offensive or inappropriate language. For example, in many online videos, it’s common to say “unalived” instead of “killed.” Guns are often referred to as “pew pews.” The term “algospeak” rose to prominence in 2022. It now serves as the title of Aleksic’s new book, Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language. In it, he explores the power of algorithms (算法) to increase a word’s use or remove it completely. “The fact that the algorithm censors (审查) the word ‘ kill’ forces users to invent new language,” Aleksic explained. He pointed out that social media is changing language in other ways as well — much like how abbreviations (缩略词) such as “lol” (laugh out loud) originated in texting but are now spoken aloud. Today, young people frequently adopt phrases from memes (网络梗) and integrate them into everyday conversation. “I think language always reflexively (条件反射地) adapts to each medium.” Aleksic said. “I felt my own language reroute around the algorithm. However, the more I looked into it, the more I realized this is an infrastructure (基础结构) underlying all language change happening right now. It’s changing where words come from, how words get popular, and how quickly those words spread.” In a recent article for The Washington Post, Aleksic wrote about the migration of sports metaphors (隐喻) into gaming culture. Terms like “home run” and “strike out,” borrowed from baseball, are commonly used by gamers. “America’s pastime once provided an important shared experience from which we could abstract our metaphors. Now America has a new pastime,” he remarked. As examples, Aleksic described young people labeling themselves as the “main characters,” compared with strangers as “NPCs” (non-playable characters). A “side quest” refers to an activity that is not part of a plan. Despite the constant flow of new slang (俚语), Aleksic noted that not all of it endures. Terms like “bae” and “on fleek”, popularized on the now-defunct (停业的) platform Vine, have largely gone out of use. 1．What role does the mention of “Newspeak” in Paragraph 1 play? A．To explain the origin of the term “algospeak”. B．To criticize fictional language control methods. C．To draw a comparison with a real-world linguistic trend. D．To provide a historical example of language simplification. 2．What does the phrase “rose to prominence” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Faced strong opposition. B．Got widely recognized. C．Lost its original meaning. D．Was officially banned. 3．What can be inferred from Aleksic’s remark about “America’s pastime”? A．The shift from baseball to gaming mirrors a broader social change. B．Traditional sports metaphors are fading in relevance among youth. C．Young people favor gaming-related expressions over sports-based ones. D．Video gaming has overtaken baseball as the main source of cultural references. 4．What can be inferred about Aleksic’s view on language evolution? A．It is mainly driven by individual creativity. B．It reflects the impact of media and technology. C．It follows fixed rules unchanged over time. D．It prioritizes traditional slang over new terms. 5．What does the author intend to do in writing this passage? A．To criticize social media platforms for their overly strict language regulations. B．To compare fictional language control with digital communication strategies. C．To analyze how algorithms affect the traditional slang in online communities. D．To introduce a linguistic trend and explore its influence on language evolution. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了网络中“算法语言”这一语言现象的兴起，介绍了其产生原因、发展现状，并探讨了算法、社交媒体等科技与媒介对语言演变产生的诸多影响。 1．推理判断题。根据首段中的In George Orwell’s novel 1984, “Newspeak” was a simplified language designed to limit citizens’ critical thinking.In today’s digital reality, a linguistic phenomenon known as “algospeak” is growing widespread across the internet. It’s an attempt to bypass social media platforms’ language restrictions.(在乔治·奥威尔的小说《1984》中，“新话”是一种为限制公民批判性思维而设计的简化语言。在如今的数字时代，一种被称为“算法语言”的语言现象正在网络上广泛传播，这是人们试图绕过社交媒体平台语言限制的一种方式)可知，第一段中提到“Newspeak”这一内容是为了与现实世界中的语言趋势进行对比。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。画线短语在第三段首句，根据第三段第2句“It now serves as the title of Aleksic’s new book, Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language.(如今它还成为了阿莱克西奇新书《算法语言：社交媒体如何塑造语言的未来》的书名)”可推断，前句提到的“算法语言”这个术语在2022年开始受到广泛认可。B项表示“得到广泛认可”，是对画线短语rose to prominence的同义替换。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In a recent article for The Washington Post, Aleksic wrote about the migration of sports metaphors into gaming culture.(在为《华盛顿邮报》撰写的最新文章中，阿莱克西奇写道，体育隐喻正逐渐融入游戏文化)”、第七段中的“America’s pastime once provided an important shared experience from which we could abstract our metaphors. Now America has a new pastime(棒球这项美国国民消遣曾为我们提供了重要的共同体验，我们从其中提炼出各种隐喻。而如今，美国有了新的国民消遣)”以及第八段“As examples, Aleksic described young people labeling themselves as the “main characters,” compared with strangers as “NPCs” (non-playable characters). A “side quest” refers to an activity that is not part of a plan.(举个例子，亚历克西奇指出，年轻人会将自己称作“主角”，把陌生人比作“非玩家角色”。而“支线任务”则指那些并非计划内的活动)”可推断，从棒球运动向电子游戏的转变反映了更广泛的社会变迁。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段首句中阿莱克西奇说的话“I think language always reflexively adapts to each medium.(我认为语言总是会本能地去适应各种媒体)”、第五段第三、四句“However, the more I looked into it, the more I realized this is an infrastructure (基础结构) underlying all language change happening right now. It’s changing where words come from, how words get popular, and how quickly those words spread.(然而，我对此研究得越深，就越意识到这是当下所有语言变化背后的基础逻辑。算法正在改变词汇的来源、流行的方式以及传播的速度)”可知，语言演变受媒介和科技的深刻影响。故选B。 5．推理判断题。作者通过第一段核心句引入“算法语言”这一当下的网络语言趋势，再以阿莱克西奇的观点、新书主题等核心句为依托，层层探讨算法语言背后，算法、媒体对语言创造、传播、发展的全方位影响，所以作者的核心写作意图是介绍一种语言趋势，并探究其对语言演变的影响。故选D。 Passage 11 （25-26高二上·天津南开·期末）Feelings of worry or fear characterize anxiety. People often feel anxious about things that are about to happen, or situations that could happen in the future. People feel anxious before giving presentations or before moving to a new place. The feeling of anxiety can help us prepare for what is to come. Unfortunately, anxiety can become a problem. It can make it difficult to live life the way you want. Sometimes feelings of anxiety can be too strong or last longer than they should or longer than is helpful. These feelings can cause people to avoid situations or make it hard to do things they enjoy. Some types of anxiety can also lead to panic attacks. There are many types of anxiety. Climate change anxiety, also sometimes called eco-anxiety, is the extreme worry about current and future harm to the environment because of human activities. The dangers of climate change include natural disasters, such as flooding, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes. People also worry about the loss of plants and animals. People who have climate change anxiety may worry about the well-being of: individuals, future generations, life on Earth, and the planet. Scientists measure climate change anxiety using the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS). The CCAS has a list of statements about feelings and behaviors related to climate change. Most researchers use scores on the CCAS to tell if a person has symptoms of climate change anxiety. But they do not have a specific score to diagnose a person with climate change anxiety. We wanted to use data to determine cut-off scores (临界值) for the CCAS. These cut-off scores could be important for future health care professionals to properly assess and help people with climate change anxiety. We used an online survey to collect data from 877 people in Australia. All the people who participated were between the ages of 16 and 25. The survey questions included background information and the CCAS statements. There were 13 climate change statements. People gave a score about how often the statement was true. They used a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (almost always). Then we calculated their total score by adding up the scores from all statements. A higher score means a person has greater anxiety. We also had participants take a test related to anxiety, stress, and depression. Then we connected the scores on the CCAS with the scores on this test. First, we determined the sensitivity of the CCAS. The sensitivity is the ability of the test to correctly identify a person with anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. Then, we determined the specificity of the CCAS. The specificity is the test’s ability to correctly identify a person without anxiety. We analyzed the data to find two cut-off scores. One score identifies people with mild to medium symptoms of climate change anxiety. The second score identifies people with severe climate change anxiety. The cut-off scores were the total scores when the sensitivity and the specificity were the closest together. We found that a total CCAS score of 21 means a person has mild to moderate symptoms of climate change anxiety. A score of 23 or above means a person has severe symptoms of climate change anxiety. Using these scores, about 50 percent of the people surveyed had mild to moderate symptoms. About 44 percent had severe symptoms of climate change anxiety. 1．What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs? A．Anxiety just occurs before big events like moving. B．Normal anxiety brings no benefits to people. C．Too much anxiety can mess up daily life. D．All anxiety results in panic attacks. 2．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 3? A．To introduce a new research method. B．To present different types of anxiety. C．To give a definition of climate change anxiety. D．To list the causes of climate change anxiety. 3．What was the main goal of this research study? A．To find score cut-offs for different anxiety levels. B．To prove that climate change is not a real problem. C．To improve the effectiveness of the CCAS. D．To increase the number of people taking the CCAS. 4．How were the cut-off scores for climate change anxiety determined? A．By randomly selecting two scores from the total scores. B．By choosing the scores when sensitivity and specificity are the farthest apart. C．By taking the average of all the participants’ scores. D．By finding the total scores when sensitivity and specificity are the closest together. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Climate Anxiety Cut-offs Identified in Youth Study B．Most Young Australians Have Climate Anxiety C．Youth Report Feelings on Climate Change D．New Climate Anxiety Disorder defined 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了焦虑的基本概念，重点阐述了气候变化焦虑（生态焦虑）的定义、影响，并详细说明了一项针对澳大利亚青年的研究，该研究旨在确定气候变化焦虑量表（CCAS）的临界值，以区分不同程度的焦虑症状。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It can make it difficult to live life the way you want. Sometimes feelings of anxiety can be too strong or last longer than they should or longer than is helpful. These feelings can cause people to avoid situations or make it hard to do things they enjoy.(它会让你难以按照自己想要的方式生活。有时焦虑感可能过于强烈，或持续时间超出必要或有益的范围。这些情绪会导致人们逃避某些情境，或难以做自己喜欢的事情。)”可知，过度的焦虑会扰乱人们的日常生活。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Climate change anxiety, also sometimes called eco-anxiety, is the extreme worry about current and future harm to the environment because of human activities.(气候变化焦虑，有时也被称为生态焦虑，是对人类活动对环境造成的当前和未来伤害的极度担忧。)”可知，作者在第三段的主要目的是对气候变化焦虑进行定义和介绍。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“We wanted to use data to determine cut-off scores (临界值) for the CCAS. These cut-off scores could be important for future health care professionals to properly assess and help people with climate change anxiety.(我们希望利用数据来确定CCAS的临界值。这些临界值对于未来的医疗保健专业人员正确评估和帮助气候变化焦虑患者可能很重要。)”可知，这项研究的主要目标是确定不同焦虑程度的分数临界值。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段“The cut-off scores were the total scores when the sensitivity and the specificity were the closest together.(临界值是当敏感性和特异性最接近时的总分。)”可知，气候变化焦虑的临界值是通过找到敏感性和特异性最接近时的总分来确定的。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Climate change anxiety, also sometimes called eco-anxiety, is the extreme worry about current and future harm to the environment because of human activities.(气候变化焦虑，有时也被称为生态焦虑，是对人类活动对环境造成的当前和未来伤害的极度担忧。)”、第四段“We wanted to use data to determine cut-off scores (临界值) for the CCAS.(我们希望利用数据来确定CCAS的临界值。)”以及第七段“We found that a total CCAS score of 21 means a person has mild to moderate symptoms of climate change anxiety. A score of 23 or above means a person has severe symptoms of climate change anxiety.(我们发现，CCAS总分21分意味着一个人有轻度到中度的气候变化焦虑症状。23分及以上则意味着有严重的气候变化焦虑症状。)”可知，文章首先介绍了气候变化焦虑，然后重点描述了一项研究，该研究的核心成果是确定了用于区分气候变化焦虑严重程度的临界值。A选项“Climate Anxiety Cut-offs Identified in Youth Study(青年研究中确定的气候焦虑临界值)”最能概括全文。故选A。 Passage 12 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Think about your habits with dogs. Do you send them to daycare, dress them up, and bring them on vacations? Do you talk to them like a baby? If so, you’re not alone: research suggests our brains respond in the same way to pet dogs as they do to human children. Our brains were not always tuned this way. As we domesticated dogs, they evolved human-like social and cognitive abilities. They came to act and even look like babies, and we began to see them as such. Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. Evolutionary time explains present feelings. Alison LaCoss, a mother of three, felt an overwhelming desire to love them and protect her newborns — and later Shio and Babka, the dogs she adopted. A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. Important differences remain. Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. LaCoss admits she does feel distinctly proud watching her kids reach milestones dogs never will, yet her desire to meet Shio and Babka’s needs is just as intense. Silver argues that because dogs reliably generate these responses, the relationship for many people now equals the importance of a biological relative. Neurochemistry deepens the connection. Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. Domestication also shaped appearances and skills. Humans favored dogs that tracked our gaze, cooperated, and signaled with expressive faces. Modern dogs have rounder heads, larger eyes, and eyebrow muscles that create sadness, curiosity, and joy — features humans find irresistible. They play like kids, think like toddlers, and appear vulnerable, inviting care. You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” 1．Why does Zachary Silver consider dogs’ evolution unsurprising? A．Dogs naturally developed speech comprehension. B．Human selection enhanced dogs’ social abilities. C．Wolves transformed into companion animals. D．Biological evolution increased dogs’ intelligence. 2．The author cited the 2014 brain-imaging study in paragraph 3 to . A．contrast neural responses to children and dogs B．provide evidence for a shared caregiving system C．explain why dogs are better companions than other pets D．demonstrate the uniqueness of parental instincts 3．According to the passage, what is a key neurological difference in how humans respond to children and dogs? A．Dogs lead to stronger reward system activity. B．Dogs produce weaker emotional brain responses. C．Children cause a stronger midbrain response. D．Children activate the amygdala more weakly. 4．What does the phrase “have hijacked the human caregiving pathway” suggest about dogs? A．They have taken over human parenting duties. B．They have evolved to replace human children. C．They have influenced people through emotional signals. D．They have aroused humans’ natural nurturing responses. 5．By saying “My home isn’t home without them,” LaCoss aims to . A．highlight dogs’ irreplaceable emotional role B．describe dogs as bridges to family bonds C．reveal dogs’ capacity to find real sympathy D．prove the necessity of keeping pets in families 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类与狗之间深厚的情感纽带，揭示了人类大脑对狗和孩子的反应相似性，以及狗如何通过进化适应人类社会，成为人类生活中不可或缺的家庭成员。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. (西方学院动物认知实验室主任扎卡里·西尔弗对此并不感到惊讶：几千年来，人们选择狗是因为它们善良、有感情，并且对人类的信号很敏感。)”可知，扎卡里·西尔弗认为狗的进化并不令人惊讶，是因为人类的选择增强了狗的社交能力。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. (2014年一项针对母亲看孩子和狗照片的脑成像研究发现，两者之间存在显著重叠：杏仁核被激活，奖励、记忆、社会认知和面部处理区域也被激活。女性在看孩子和狗的照片时也报告了类似的愉悦和兴奋。)”可知，作者引用了2014年的脑成像研究，通过展示母亲看孩子和狗的照片时大脑反应的相似性，为人类对狗和孩子有共同的照顾系统提供了证据。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. (某些中脑区域对孩子的反应更强烈，这表明大脑仍然能识别物种界限。)”可知，人类对孩子的反应与对狗的反应在神经学上的一个关键区别是，孩子会引起更强的中脑反应。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. (眼神交流、玩耍和身体接触等行为会增加催产素水平，这反过来又会强化那些加强纽带的行为。正如一篇论文所述，狗“劫持”了人类的照顾途径：当狗用“小狗般的眼睛”凝视或被召唤时跑过来，催产素会上升，激活为保护婴儿而进化的照顾系统，激励我们养育、安慰和保护我们的同伴。)”可知，狗通过特定的行为（如眼神交流）激发了人类的催产素水平上升，进而激活了人类的照顾系统，这表明狗已经触发了人类天生的养育反应。所以“have hijacked the human caregiving pathway”意为“它们已经激起了人类天生的养育反应”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” (你不需要扫描就能感觉到这种纽带是父母般的；对许多人来说，狗就是家庭的一部分。正如拉科斯所说：“没有它们，我的家就不像个家。” )”可知，拉科斯通过说“没有它们，我的家就不像个家”，旨在强调狗在情感上不可替代的角色。故选A。 Passage 13 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）Many people fear losing their memory and clear thinking as they age, especially with rising dementia (痴呆) rates. However, research offers hope, showing that our food choices can powerfully protect our brain health. A key finding is the benefit of the MIND diet, developed in 2015. It combines the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and the blood-pressure-lowering DASH diet into a plan specifically designed to protect the brain. The MIND diet is simple and flexible. It encourages eating more brain-boosting foods and cutting back on harmful ones. Important foods include leafy green vegetables like spinach, various berries, nuts, whole grains, beans, fish, poultry, and olive oil. It advises limiting red meat, butter, cheese, pastries, fast food, and fried foods. The goal is to reduce saturated (饱和的) fat and sugar, which cause inflammation (炎症). This way of eating brings real benefits. Studies show that closely following the MIND diet can slow brain aging, making a person’s brain function up to 7.5 years younger. It is also linked to a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Remarkably, even moderate followers see protective effects. The benefits are not just for older adults. Research finds it can improve memory and attention in middle-aged adults and may even lower the odds of ADHD in children. The secret to its success lies in fighting inflammation and oxidative (氧化的) stress, two processes that damage brain cells. Foods like berries and leafy greens are rich in flavonoids, which are antioxidants. Fish provides omega-3 fatty acids that protect neurons. By reducing harm, the diet helps preserve brain structure and function. Scientific evidence strongly supports this. A 2023 study found that people on the MIND diet had larger brain volumes in areas critical for memory and learning. They also had fewer signs of brain tissue damage. Another study showed that sticking to the diet over ten years could lower dementia risk by 25%. Ultimately, the MIND diet is more than a short-term plan; it’s a sustainable lifestyle for lifelong brain health. Experts stress that consistency is key — making good choices day after day. It’s never too early or too late to start. As one researcher says, we should always be eating this way, keeping our brain health in mind with every meal. In conclusion, what we eat directly impacts how well our brain works. The MIND diet provides a clear, flexible, and science-backed guide for nourishing our minds, helping us stay mentally sharp at any age. By choosing more whole, plant-based foods and fewer processed items, we can build a strong defense for our cognitive future. 1．According to the article, what is a key characteristic of the MIND diet? A．It is a strict and challenging eating plan to follow. B．It focuses almost entirely on increasing fruit intake. C．Its primary goal is to help people lose weight quickly. D．It combines principles from two other well-known diets. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about following the MIND diet? A．Its positive effects are limited to preventing Alzheimer’s disease. B．It has the potential to benefit a wide range of age groups. C．Only strict followers can gain any health benefits from it. D．It is more effective for children than for middle-aged adults. 3．The MIND diet is considered successful mainly because it helps to . A．rapidly increase the brain’s processing speed B．remove saturated fats from the body completely C．fight against processes that harm brain cells D．replace medications for brain-related conditions 4．Scientific studies mentioned in the article support the MIND diet by showing it is linked to . A．immediate improvements in mood and overall well-being B．a significant decrease in the body’s daily need for sleep C．the ability to stop dementia development in most cases D．physical changes in brain structure and lowered risk factors 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce a different and new diet for lowering blood pressure and keeping heart health. B．To describe the main causes and symptoms of age-related memory loss. C．To explain a flexible eating plan designed to keep the mind sharp. D．To compare the benefits of the Mediterranean and DASH diets in preventing disease. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍可护脑的 MIND 饮食，它结合两种经典饮食，推荐天然食材、减少高脂高糖，能抗炎护神经元、延缓脑衰老、降低痴呆风险，适合全年龄段长期坚持。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It combines the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and the blood-pressure-lowering DASH diet into a plan specifically designed to protect the brain.(它将有益心脏健康的地中海饮食和有助于降低血压的 DASH 饮食相结合，形成了一套专门用于保护大脑的饮食方案)”可知，MIND 饮食的一个关键特点是它融合了另外两种著名饮食法中的原则。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The benefits are not just for older adults. Research finds it can improve memory and attention in middle-aged adults and may even lower the odds of ADHD in children.(这些益处并非仅仅适用于老年人。研究发现，它能够提升中年人的记忆力和注意力，并且或许还能降低儿童患多动症的几率)”可知，遵循“MIND”饮食法有可能对各个年龄段的人群都有益处。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The secret to its success lies in fighting inflammation and oxidative (氧化的) stress, two processes that damage brain cells.(它成功的秘诀在于能够对抗炎症和氧化应激，这两种过程都会损害脑细胞)”可知，“MIND”饮食法之所以被认为效果显著，主要是因为它有助于对抗损害脑细胞的各种过程。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientific evidence strongly supports this. A 2023 study found that people on the MIND diet had larger brain volumes in areas critical for memory and learning. They also had fewer signs of brain tissue damage. Another study showed that sticking to the diet over ten years could lower dementia risk by 25%.(科学证据有力地支持了这一观点。2023年的一项研究发现，遵循“明智饮食法”的人群在对记忆和学习至关重要的区域拥有更大的大脑体积。他们的大脑组织损伤迹象也更少。另一项研究表明，坚持这种饮食方式长达十年，可将患痴呆症的风险降低 25%)”可知，文章中提及的科学研究证实了“MIND 饮食法”的有效性，表明它与大脑结构的物理变化以及降低风险因素之间存在关联。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, research offers hope, showing that our food choices can powerfully protect our brain health. A key finding is the benefit of the MIND diet, developed in 2015. It combines the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and the blood-pressure-lowering DASH diet into a plan specifically designed to protect the brain.(然而，科学研究带来了希望，它表明我们的饮食选择能够有力地保护我们的大脑健康。一个重要的发现是“MIND”饮食法所带来的益处，该饮食法于2015年被提出。它将有益心脏健康的地中海饮食和有助于降低血压的DASH饮食相结合，形成了一套专门用于保护大脑的饮食方案)”结合文章介绍可护脑的 MIND 饮食，它结合两种经典饮食，推荐天然食材、减少高脂高糖，能抗炎护神经元、延缓脑衰老、降低痴呆风险，适合全年龄段长期坚持。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是介绍一种灵活的饮食计划，旨在保持思维敏捷。故选C。 Passage 14 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）The question, “Do animals experience time like humans?” might seem simple, but researchers have discovered surprising differences in how various species sense time. This topic challenges our understanding of how living beings interact with the world and deepens our knowledge of animal behavior. Studies show that animals experience time at different speeds depending on their size, energy use, and how they perceive their surroundings. For example, small animals like flies and hummingbirds experience time more slowly than larger animals like elephants or humans. This means a fly can notice movements that seem too fast for us, allowing it to avoid a moving hand. Similarly, hummingbirds can change direction mid-air with precision due to their faster sense of time. The idea of “time stretching” in animals is closely tied to survival. Faster time awareness helps small animals react quickly to dangers, while slower awareness in larger animals allows them to conserve energy for survival. This difference explains why a fly might see a human’s hand moving in slow motion, while we perceive it as fast. For hunters like lions, slower time awareness allows them to carefully plan their moves, increasing their chances of success. Interestingly, researchers have found that time awareness is also influenced by emotions. Humans often feel time “slows down” during exciting or stressful events, like a close sports match or a near-accident. Similarly, animals in danger may feel time slow down. This emotional connection highlights shared experiences between humans and animals, showing how survival needs shape the way time is felt. Understanding time awareness in animals has practical uses. It can help improve the design of spaces for pets or zoo animals, making them feel calmer and safer. It also gives insights into how humans might adjust their behavior when interacting with animals, such as using training methods that match their sense of time. Studying time awareness might even lead to new ideas in technology, such as creating systems that work at different speeds for various tasks, like robotics or virtual reality. Nature continues to amaze us with its complexity. The study of time awareness reminds us that every species experiences the world differently, urging us to appreciate life’s diversity. 1．What is the primary purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce a question that challenges existing beliefs about animals. B．To explain the similarities between human and animal behavior. C．To summarize the findings of recent research on time perception. D．To provide examples of how animals perceive time differently. 2．Why are smaller animals like flies able to detect fast movements that humans cannot? A．Because their brains are more advanced in processing speed. B．Because their perception of time is slower than that of humans. C．Because their energy demands require them to sense rapid changes. D．Because their survival depends on noticing quick shifts in their surroundings. 3．What does the phrase “time stretching” in the third paragraph most likely mean? A．Sensing time as passing more quickly. B．Feeling time slow down in specific situations. C．Varied time perception across different species. D．Adapting time awareness to body size. 4．Why does the author discuss humans feeling time “slows down” during stressful events? A．To prove that humans are more emotional than animals. B．To argue that survival instincts are less significant for humans. C．To illustrate how emotions influence time perception across species. D．To show that humans and animals perceive time differently in danger. 5．What does the study of time awareness suggest about the natural world? A．It highlights the complexity and uniqueness of each species. B．It shows that humans have a superior understanding of time. C．It proves that animals rely more on instinct than humans. D．It demonstrates that survival depends on accurate time perception. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了不同动物感知时间的方式存在差异，以及这种差异背后的生存意义和实际应用价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The question, “Do animals experience time like humans?” might seem simple, but researchers have discovered surprising differences in how various species sense time. This topic challenges our understanding of how living beings interact with the world and deepens our knowledge of animal behavior. (“动物是否像人类一样体验时间？”这个问题看似简单，但研究人员发现不同物种感知时间的方式存在惊人差异。这一主题挑战了我们对生物如何与世界互动的理解，并加深了我们对动物行为的认识)”可知，第一段的主要目的是引出一个挑战现有认知的问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, small animals like flies and hummingbirds experience time more slowly than larger animals like elephants or humans. This means a fly can notice movements that seem too fast for us, allowing it to avoid a moving hand. (例如，苍蝇和蜂鸟等小动物感知时间的速度比大象或人类等大型动物要慢。这意味着苍蝇能注意到对我们来说太快的动作，从而避开移动的手)”可知，苍蝇能感知人类无法察觉的快速动作，是因为它们的时间感知比人类慢。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The idea of “time stretching” in animals is closely tied to survival. Faster time awareness helps small animals react quickly to dangers, while slower awareness in larger animals allows them to conserve energy for survival. (动物中的“____”概念与生存密切相关。更快的时间感知帮助小动物快速应对危险，而大型动物较慢的感知则让它们能为生存保存能量)”可知，动物对时间的感知与其体型和生存需求相关，动物体内因生存需要而形成的一种适应机制：体型较小的动物时间感知快，便于及时避险；大型动物时间感知慢，有助于节省能量，time stretching体现了不同的动物对时间流逝具有不同的主观感知。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Similarly, animals in danger may feel time slow down. This emotional connection highlights shared experiences between humans and animals, showing how survival needs shape the way time is felt. (同样，处于危险中的动物可能会感觉时间变慢。这种情感联系凸显了人类与动物之间的共同体验，表明生存需求如何塑造了时间的感知方式)”可知，作者讨论人类在压力事件中感觉时间变慢，是为了说明情绪会跨物种影响时间感知。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nature continues to amaze us with its complexity. The study of time awareness reminds us that every species experiences the world differently, urging us to appreciate life’s diversity. (大自然的复杂性继续让我们惊叹。对时间感知的研究提醒我们，每个物种对世界的体验都不同，促使我们珍惜生命的多样性)”可知，这项研究揭示了自然界的复杂性和每个物种的独特性。故选A。 Passage 15 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）One afternoon, a young scientist sat looking out of his office window, lost in thought. His colleagues might have thought he was wasting time, but during that moment, he imagined a man falling freely in space. That simple thought experiment later helped Albert Einstein create his famous theory of general relativity. This story raises an interesting question: is daydreaming truly a waste of time, or could it be a hidden source of creativity and innovation? Daydreaming is often seen in a negative light. It is commonly linked to laziness or a lack of focus. Parents and teachers frequently urge students to “stop daydreaming” and pay attention, believing that wandering thoughts take away from productivity. After all, how can someone achieve their goals if their mind keeps floating away from the task at hand? However, recent studies suggest that daydreaming may have a deeper purpose. When the brain is not focused on a specific task, it begins connecting ideas, imagining future possibilities, and solving complex problems. Many creative breakthroughs — like Einstein’s — have come from moments of mental wandering. Similarly, artists and writers often say their best ideas come when they are walking, showering, or simply letting their minds relax. Interestingly, daydreaming also helps people manage their emotions. It allows them to think over past experiences, deal with unresolved feelings, and mentally prepare for future events. This process can reduce stress and improve decision-making, as it gives the mind time to sort through thoughts in a calm and unpressured way. Still, not all daydreaming is helpful. There is a fine line between useful reflection and meaningless distraction. For example, students who daydream too much during class may miss important information, which can lead to gaps in learning. On the other hand, short moments of daydreaming can bring fresh ideas and help solve problems that seem impossible when approached directly. This double-sided nature of daydreaming leads to an important question: should we try to control it or let it happen naturally? Some believe that setting aside time for reflection, such as taking breaks, can turn daydreaming into something productive. Others argue that its unpredictability is what makes it so valuable. Whether daydreaming is a waste of time or a hidden source of inspiration depends on how we use it. Like any tool, it can be powerful when used wisely — but it can also become a problem if left unchecked. The challenge lies in using it in a way that benefits us. 1．Why does the author mention Einstein’s thought experiment in the introduction? A．To argue that imagination is more important than intelligence. B．To highlight the connection between daydreaming and creativity. C．To emphasize the importance of solving scientific problems. D．To show that daydreaming is common among scientists. 2．What is the common belief about daydreaming mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．It is seen as lazy and distracting. B．It helps develop problem-solving skills. C．It improves concentration and attention. D．It encourages creative thinking in students. 3．What is one of the benefits of daydreaming according to Paragraph 4? A．It allows people to escape from reality. B．It encourages people to focus on their immediate tasks. C．It prevents people from making poor decisions. D．It helps people process emotions and prepare for future events. 4．What can be inferred about the negative effects of daydreaming from Paragraph 5? A．Daydreaming always leads to negative outcomes. B．Daydreaming should be avoided in educational settings. C．Daydreaming can reduce focus when done excessively. D．Daydreaming is less effective than other mental activities. 5．What is the author’s main point about daydreaming? A．It is a waste of time unless carefully controlled. B．It is the most important factor in creative success. C．It is a skill that only certain people can develop. D．It has both good and bad sides naturally. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以爱因斯坦的事例引入，辩证探讨白日梦的利弊：它常被视为懒惰、分心的表现，但其实能激发创造力、帮助管理情绪；不过过度的白日梦会影响效率。作者最终指出，白日梦的价值取决于人们如何合理利用它。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“O$