专题10 阅读理解议论文押题(话题分类) (天津专用) 2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

专题10 阅读理解议论文押题(话题分类) (天津专用) 目 录 【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+5年高考真题热点角度拆解....................................01 【解题建模·通技法】析典例建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式....................................03 【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力得高分...............14 热点·角度·拆解 2021-2025高考天津卷考点细目（阅读理解议论文） 卷别 词数 主题 文章话题 命题形式 2025·3月天津卷 420 人与 自我 讨论何为美好生活，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 2024·6月天津卷 379 人与 社会 成年人应尽可能帮助青少年充分了解他们面前的选择，提供建议指导 细节理解题、推理判断题 2023·3月天津卷 421 人与 自我 失误效应--介绍大胆尝试犯错的好处，鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 2022·天津卷 379 人与 自我 论述美好生活的秘诀。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益 细节理解题、推理判断题 2021·天津卷 409 人与 自我 文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 命题·趋势·定位 一、命题特点 1.选材范围：从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 2.文体特征：议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。议论文有两个关键点，一是弄清文章的论点、论据、论证方法；二是理清三段论式结构。 3.设题规律：从命题来看，阅读理解议论文考查学生对语篇整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和推断能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中推理判断和主旨大意占比最高。 二、解题策略 1.抓住论点主旨： 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构：议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。 3.注意干扰规律： ①包含项原则--在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。 ②正反项原则--所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则-所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, not necessary等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, never, only, completely等。 ④同形项原则-命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则-议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则-阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 三、实用妙招 1.阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 3.形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 4.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 5.说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 热点角度01 段落例证题+事例类议论文 析典例·建模型 （2021·天津卷·D篇） ... Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." ... 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 研考点·通技法 段落例证题考查考生理解段落举例和段落观点之间支撑关系，可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? 第二步 找到原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 观点句：Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. 例证句：My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. 第三步 比对选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。”；下文举出Toni的例子“我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 阅读理解段落例证题满分策略 一、定位例证标记词： 根据题干中的关键词（如“example”“case”“illustrate”“quote”等）或具体的人名、地名、事件名，快速回文定位例子在文中的位置。 二、返回原文寻找观点 80%情况：观点通常在例子前1-2句，尤其是出现“for example”“such as”“like”等提示词时，需重点阅读例子前的句子，寻找概括性、抽象性的观点句。 20%情况：若例子在段落开头或独立成段，观点可能在例子后，需关注例子后的总结句或转折句（如“but”“however”“this shows”等），这些句子常引出作者的核心观点。 三、匹配选项去伪存真 将找到的观点与选项进行比对，选择与观点同义替换或逻辑一致的选项。注意排除以下干扰选项： 就事论事型：仅描述例子本身内容，未体现例子与观点的关系。 过度引申型：脱离原文逻辑，添加主观臆断。 绝对化表述型：使用“must”“all”“never”等绝对化词汇，通常不符合原文谨慎的表述风格。 破类题·提能力 （2025·3月·天津卷·D篇） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 51. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 52. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 53. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 54. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 热点角度02 标题概括题+个人成长类议论文 析典例·建模型 （2020·天津卷·D篇） After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B. Reflections on Human Nature C. The Keys to Achievement D. Never Too Late to Learn 研考点·通技法 议论文标题概括题考查考生文章结构和观点提炼分析能力。可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定 题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 55. What could be the best title for the passage? 第二步 找到 原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。 第三步 比对 选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 这篇议论文是总分结构。根据第一段内容及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement (成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。 阅读理解议论文标题概括题满分策略 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 一、文体特点与阅读策略 1.语言与结构特点：议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 2.答题误区：议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。 二、抓住论点找主旨 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 三、理清文章结构 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 四、体会语言特点 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 破类题·提能力 （2023·3月·天津卷·D篇） Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life. In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before  correcting the mistake. Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions. The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger. The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 51．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________. A．a routine warning B．a popular misbelief C．a commonly-held view D．a theoretical assumption 52．What can be learnt about the experiment? A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning. B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning. C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning. D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects. 53．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______. A．disappointing performances B．greater creative power C．the discovery of problems D．the admission of weaknesses 54．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 55．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Challenge of Derring B．Erring Prevents Failure C．To Err is Fruitful D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional 热点角度03 推理判断题+个人成长类文 析典例·建模型 （2019··天津卷·D篇） ... Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But,if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. ... 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 研考点·通技法 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断具体信息的能力。可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ 第二步 找到原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 定位句：We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But,if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. 翻译：我们在各自的专业领域取得成功，却也因此困在其中。世间万物再无新意，我们也渐渐失去了好奇心。但只要我们始终保持学习的心态，机遇便无处不在。 第三步 比对选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 53. 推理判断题。根据第四段中But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人，故选C。同义替换：wonder=curious。 阅读理解推理判断满分策略 一、推理判断题解题三步曲 1. 定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。 2. 字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。 3. 深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。 二、推理判断题干扰项特征 1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。 2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。 3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。 4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。 三、推理判断题五大解题技巧 1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。 2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。 3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。 4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。 5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。 四、阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨 题型一：人物态度推断题 词汇点拨： 一是乐观支持类：positive肯定的favorable 支持的，赞同的supportive支持的approval赞成的  二是客观中立类：objective客观的neutral中立的cautious谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的opposite相反的unfair公正的doubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的ironic讽刺的。 方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 题型二：文章出处推断题。 技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： 旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。 广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。 课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。 网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here. 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。 研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 类型三、预测下段推断题   技巧点拨： 1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 破类题·提能力 （2024·6月·天津卷·D篇） It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has a different opinion than our own. When opinions differ, there is often a conflict. This is where much of the conflict with adults and teens begins. Therefore, it is important to always make the difference clear between fact and opinion. Opinions change, facts always remain the same. I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they're wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves. If you don't know there is the cliff, why would you ever be concerned about being close to the edge? I dealt with a teen today who was involved in some gangster (歹徒) activities. This girl was raised in a good home with concerned parents. However, other interests have taken over in her life. Friends have become everything. These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life. The challenge for the rest of us is helping this girl see how and where her new interests will take her. We have felt mild success as relationships of trust are built and improved. In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding this conflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choice between life and death. It's easy for the rest of us to be casual about this because the right choice seems so obvious to us. It is important to know it is much different to this young person who is stll developing and searching. Therefore, it is important that the adult should do everything possible to help the teen be fully informed about the choice before them. Provide choices and show how making different choices will improve things and provide security for the teen now and in the future. The choice to go with the crowd or with the few can be a very difficult one to make. I believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids. Our very own future is absolutely at key point anytime we advise and guide the youth. 51. From paragraph 1 we know the gap between father and son lies in that ________. A. facts always remain the same B. opinions are always different from facts C. different opinions result from their conflict D. they have a disagreement about the same fact 52. What contributes to the gir's crime according to the text? A. Different values. B. Unconcerned parents. C. Her poor family. D. Gangster activities 53. Adults should try their best to help teens make a choice regarding the conflict because ________. A. the wrong choice will lead to complete failure in the future B. the choice is difficult to make for still developing teens C. the right choice is easy for adults to see and understand D. the choice made by teens determines their life or death 54. Why should the adult never stop helping the teen according to the last paragraph? A. Because the teen won't give up themselves. B. Because the adults' future depends on the youth. C. Because the adult can give advice and guidance. D. Because the teen's future is in danger. 55. It can be inferred from the text that _______________. A. showing the results of their behavior is a good way to help people B. helping teenagers always means meeting trouble C. it's quite easy to keep a good relationship with others D. it's hard to make wise choices in our life （建议用时：45分钟） 刷模拟 Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模）Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1．What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A．They are more willing to risk their own lives. B．They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C．They achieve greater nonconventional success. D．They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2．What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A．Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B．Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C．Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D．Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3．If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A．hold on to his original vision B．be able to adapt to new situations C．focus determinedly on one particular goal D．avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4．How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A．It will awaken them to reality. B．It is a lesson they have to learn. C．It means the end of their career. D．It will result in a slow recovery. 5．What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A．Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B．Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C．Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D．Prioritize health and happiness over material success. Passage 2 （2026·天津河西·一模）They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing (包罗万象的) sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has declared the birth of a new generation in his new book, Rewired. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials that they deserve the distinction of a new generation, which he has called the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them opportunities to learn in a way that matches their expectations and their digital experiences.” 1．What is the main factor that distinguishes the iGeneration from previous generations, according to the passage? A．Their deeply integrated use of technology. B．Their higher intelligence quotients (IQs). C．Their improved social skills. D．Their greater interest in traditional media. 2．We can infer from the passage that Millennials ________. A．deserve the distinction of a new generation B．have an individualized mindset C．are less reliant on constant tech connection D．are not interested in innovation 3．What is a key characteristic of the iGeneration’s expectations towards technology? A．They prefer standardized products. B．They expect novelty and customization. C．They are skeptical of new inventions. D．They favor face-to-face communication. 4．What unexpected observation is noted concerning adolescents and interruptions to their focus? A．Their ability to concentrate is far weaker than that of mature adults. B．Doing multiple tasks leads to a dramatic drop in their school results. C．They cope with interruptions more effectively than their age would suggest. D．They fail to recognize how digital tools pull their attention away. 5．What major challenge does the author highlight for the educational system? A．The necessity of banning smartphones and laptops during lessons. B．The pressure of rising operational costs on educational budgets. C．The difficulty of training teachers to use conventional teaching materials. D．The danger of falling behind the cognitive and learning patterns of today’s youth. Passage 3 （2026·天津河西·一模）Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. The logic seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的). More choices should mean a greater chance of finding the perfect fit, leading to higher satisfaction. Yet, Schwartz contends that the process of choosing from numerous alternatives is psychologically taxing. Each option requires evaluation, which consumes time and cognitive energy. The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. After a decision is made, this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. Furthermore, the responsibility that comes with choice can be burdensome. When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being. Schwartz distinguishes between “maximizers” and “satisficers.” Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression. The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. We can adopt the satisficer’s mindset by defining our standards beforehand and stopping the search once they are met. We can learn to appreciate “good enough” and recognize that the quest for the perfect is often the enemy of the good. By setting sensible limits on our own freedom to choose — in what we buy, how we spend our time, even in our personal relationships — we might just find the liberation we sought in choice in the first place. 1．Which of the following best summarizes the “paradox” mentioned in the passage? A．The pursuit of perfect freedom ultimately restricts our happiness. B．Society provides more choices, but individuals still feel they are not sufficient. C．Having abundant options is intended to increase satisfaction, but it often results in greater anxiety and regret. D．Economists believe more choices are beneficial, while psychologists prove they are harmful. 2．What does the phrase “a suboptimal choice” most probably mean? A．The choice that is the perfect fit. B．The choice whose logic seems counterintuitive. C．The choice bringing enjoyment. D．The choice that is less ideal. 3．According to the passage, why does the burden of personal responsibility increase in the face of abundant choices? A．Because it requires more knowledge to evaluate complex options. B．Because with limited choice, failure can be blamed on external factors. C．Because society places higher expectations on individuals who have many choices. D．Because making a wrong choice among many leads to greater financial loss. 4．According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is TRUE about maximizers and satisficers? A．Although maximizers may achieve better objective outcomes, they tend to be less happy due to post-decision regret. B．Maximizers are generally more efficient because they research thoroughly before deciding. C．Satisficers are happier simply because they have lower standards and expectations. D．Becoming a satisficer means giving up on quality and settling for what is average in all situations. 5．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the abundance of choice in modern life? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Cautiously critical but offering a solution. C．Entirely supportive and enthusiastic. D．Neutral and purely descriptive. Passage 4 （2026·天津河北·一模）In 1995, a biologist had an unconventional idea. He studied brainless slime moulds (无脑黏菌) and became convinced it was intelligent. It solved problems and made decisions as if it had a mind. To test this, he reproduced a rail network on an agar (琼脂) plate, using oat flakes for cities. He placed the slime moulds at the “central station”. Within a day, the organism rebuilt an efficient network matching the human-designed system — without a brain. This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. Today, “intelligence” is being reduced to something that looks just like human cognition. AI has become our cultural wallpaper. We debate AI’s impacts but rarely the fundamental question: What is intelligence? The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. The planet is already filled with superintelligent systems. Water is intelligent in how it adapts and carves canyons. Trees are intelligent in how they share nutrients and warn neighbours. Whole forests operate like connected networks. Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. We use “dumb as rocks” as an insult, but rocks endure. They are stable; they do not self-destruct. “Rock bottom” is not a collapse but the foundation you build upon. We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. The longest-lived systems — forests, reefs — behave like slime moulds and gardens. They are slow, steady, adaptive, indifferent to public noise. Their ambition is simply to keep living without causing unnecessary harm — a useful metaphor for us now. This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. Perhaps intelligence isn’t defined by computational speed, but by depth of connection. This brings me to my daughter, fifteen months old, pre-verbal. She experiences the world as sensation and connection. She doesn’t think or judge; she is simply present. There’s a brilliance in that state we dismiss because it doesn’t look like analysis or output. Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. What does that suggest about where wisdom truly exists? 1．Why does the author begin with the slime mold experiment? A．To introduce a new AI technology. B．To praise human engineering skills. C．To challenge a common assumption. D．To highlight a biological breakthrough. 2．What does the author imply about current AI discussions? A．They underestimate human thinking. B．They are too focused on cultural values. C．They are obsessed with processing speed. D．They oversimplify the nature of intelligence. 3．What can be learned about the natural systems mentioned in the passage? A．They actively compete for limited resources. B．They possess wisdom ignored by human standards. C．They depend on fast computation to solve problems. D．They function efficiently by mimicking human brains. 4．The author uses the example of his daughter to ______. A．illustrate pre-linguistic learning B．stress parental observation skills C．highlight the value of pure presence D．present humans as uniquely intelligent beings 5．What is the central argument of the passage? A．Scientific experiments reveal hidden natural laws. B．Childhood experiences shape philosophical views. C．Biological organisms outperform artificial systems. D．True intelligence should be redefined beyond human traits. Passage 5 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）Technology is supposed to simplify our lives. Smartphones provide a palm-sized window on the world, enabling us to do almost anything with a mere tap. Smart homes manage themselves, and virtual meetings mean that commuting (通勤) is a thing of the past for many. So, we should have more time to sleep, relax, or simply enjoy a moment of doing nothing, right? If this idea strikes you as a bit of a paradox, you are not alone. Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things. We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks. The growth in digital tasks is partly due to how technology is changing our perception of free time. For many, it is no longer enough to simply eat a meal, watch TV, or take an exercise class. Instead, in an attempt to avoid “wasting” time, they often do these activities while browsing the Web in search of the ingredients for a perfect life and a sense of achievement. These changes are also thought to be intensifying work. Home and hybrid working, enabled by video conferencing technology, have blurred the boundaries between work time and personal time. With the office now just a room away, it is tempting to think, “I’ll just finish this up after putting the kids to bed.” Digital technologies are speeding up the pace of life. However, poorly designed technology can also force us to do more work because of the inefficiencies it creates. We have all encountered the frustration of entering data into system A only to find that it does not integrate with system B, forcing us to re-enter the same information in both. By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all. In the work environment, employers and employees alike need to create an environment in which disconnection is acceptable. This means setting realistic expectations about what can be achieved in a typical workday. Moreover, technology itself may hold the key to reclaiming our time. Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time. 1．The “paradox” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that ______. A．smart homes require more management than traditional ones B．technology is meant to free up time but often leads to more tasks C．people feel frustrated when technology fails to integrate systems D．virtual meetings eliminate commuting but add new forms of work 2．What is the author’s attitude to the idea that “digital technology helps us save time”? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. 3．What role does Paragraph 3 play in the passage? A．It contrasts the different ways people use smartphones in various situations. B．It illustrates how digital devices fill previously “leisure” time with new tasks. C．It explains the technical reasons behind the integration failure of digital systems. D．It provides statistical evidence to support the claim about tech-driven assignments. 4．What does the author imply by mentioning the smartwatch example? A．Technology should prioritize reminding users to rest over suggesting tasks. B．Employers should equip employees with advanced time-management devices. C．Physical movement reminders are unnecessary additions to digital routines. D．Smartwatches are currently ineffective in helping users manage time. 5．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To criticize the inefficiency of current digital technologies. B．To compare the traditional way of life with the digitalized one. C．To advocate a shift in perceiving and using free time in digital age. D．To reveal the unexpected outcome of employing digital technology. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Staring at the books on the shelf, my 10-year-old daughter and I already knew what to pick for our nightly read. While she chose a story we had read many times, I wanted something new — something humorous and thoughtful. At that moment, I began to reflect on the duality (双重性) in picture books: the challenge of appealing to both children and the adults who read to them. Though it may seem like an impossible balance to strike, it’s something that I’ve prioritized in my own writing career. Humor, I’ve learned, is powerful. Used wisely, it keeps readers of any age engaged and encourages children to think ahead about what might happen next. In my picture book The Mess Monster, when Lucy’s pile of clothes and toys falls on her dog Max, she screams “OH NO!” — a moment that invites readers to join the fun dramatically. Such exaggerated (夸张的) moments keep both kids and adults entertained, much like the storytelling sessions in libraries where voices, gestures, and emotions bring stories to life. According to Psychology Today, humor in picture books fosters engagement, comprehension, and a positive attitude toward reading. For me, humor is also a way to deliver deeper messages — like kindness and empathy — through laughter. In The Mess Monster, Lucy’s accident teaches her to take responsibility, showing young readers how actions affect others. Research confirms that stories help children build empathy by connecting with characters different from themselves. Yet adults, too, need reminders of empathy and understanding — making these themes meaningful for both audiences. This dual appeal, however, is not merely an artistic achievement; it has practical implications for a book’s impact. Appealing to both children and adults also broadens a writer’s reach. Parents are more eager to read stories that reflect family struggles and everyday realities. Such books spark conversations, helping both generations realize they’re not alone. Adults smile knowingly when Lucy blames the “Mess Monster” for her untidy room — a struggle many of us never outgrow. Children and adults may approach stories differently, but writers who recognize this can bridge the gap. Animated storytelling, expressive language, and emotional honesty often make a story timeless. Sometimes it’s not just the book itself, but how it’s read that makes it a bedtime favorite. As a reader, I find that the best stories speak to the shared human experience. No matter one’s age or background, readers seek the same things — relatable characters, satisfying plots, and a touch of humor that warms the heart. Whether young or grown, a reader is a reader, and a good story connects us all. 1．What can be inferred from the author’s statement about the duality in picture books? A．It is a primary focus of her own writing. B．It is rarely achieved well in most picture books. C．It is more crucial than including humor. D．It is replaced by moral lessons today. 2．According to the author, what is the primary role of humor beyond entertainment? A．To enhance children’s reading comprehension. B．To make the process of learning enjoyable. C．To provide clear examples of good behavior. D．To serve as a vehicle for meaningful values. 3．What does the “Mess Monster” example imply about adult readers? A．They enjoy humorous exaggerations. B．They appreciate simple life lessons. C．They recognize universal human struggles. D．They seek solutions to family problems. 4．We can learn from Paragraph 5 that skillful authors . A．know how to connect with readers of all ages B．focus on writing for specific age groups C．value reading styles more than content D．rely on simple language to engage readers 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Humor in Storytelling B．How to Write Timeless Picture Stories. C．Building Empathy Through Shared Reading. D．Creating Stories That Speak to All. 刷真题 Passage 1 (2022天津卷) Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A. Making us simple-minded B. Making us short-signted. C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A. Through maintaining good health. B. By going through pain and suffering. C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D. Through offering help much needed by others. 53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A. less selfish B. less annoying C. more motivated D. more responsible 54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B. When our love for the world is insufficient. C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D. When we stay blind to the reality. 55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge Passage 2 (2021天津卷) There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion（排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 51. To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A. narrow his range of knowledge B. avoid responsibilities at work C. know more about the society D. broaden his perspective on life 52. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people 53. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A. is fully aware of his talent and ability B. is a pure specialist in medicine C. should love poetry and philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist Passage 3 (2018天津卷) Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________. A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them 52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A. To avoid jumping to conclusions. B. To stop complaining all the time. C. To follow the teacher’s advice. D. To admit mistakes honestly. 53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________. A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides 54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them. B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________. A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature 10 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读理解议论文押题(话题分类) (天津专用) 热点角度01 段落例证题+事例类议论文 破类题·提能力 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 热点角度02 标题概括题+个人成长类议论文 破类题·提能力 【答案】51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．A 热点角度03 推理判断题+个人成长类文 破类题·提能力 【答案】51.D 52. A 53.B 54.B 55. A 刷模拟 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D Passage 2 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D Passage 3 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B Passage 4 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D Passage 5 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 6 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 刷真题 Passage 1 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A Passage 2 【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A Passage 3 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读理解议论文押题(话题分类) (天津专用) 目 录 【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+5年高考真题热点角度拆解....................................01 【解题建模·通技法】析典例建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式....................................03 【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力得高分...............17 热点·角度·拆解 2021-2025高考天津卷考点细目（阅读理解议论文） 卷别 词数 主题 文章话题 命题形式 2025·3月天津卷 420 人与 自我 讨论何为美好生活，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 2024·6月天津卷 379 人与 社会 成年人应尽可能帮助青少年充分了解他们面前的选择，提供建议指导 细节理解题、推理判断题 2023·3月天津卷 421 人与 自我 失误效应--介绍大胆尝试犯错的好处，鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 2022·天津卷 379 人与 自我 论述美好生活的秘诀。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益 细节理解题、推理判断题 2021·天津卷 409 人与 自我 文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家 细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题 命题·趋势·定位 一、命题特点 1.选材范围：从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 2.文体特征：议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。议论文有两个关键点，一是弄清文章的论点、论据、论证方法；二是理清三段论式结构。 3.设题规律：从命题来看，阅读理解议论文考查学生对语篇整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和推断能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中推理判断和主旨大意占比最高。 二、解题策略 1.抓住论点主旨： 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构：议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。 3.注意干扰规律： ①包含项原则--在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。 ②正反项原则--所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则-所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, not necessary等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, never, only, completely等。 ④同形项原则-命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则-议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则-阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 三、实用妙招 1.阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 3.形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 4.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 5.说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 热点角度01 段落例证题+事例类议论文 析典例·建模型 （2021·天津卷·D篇） ... Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." ... 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 研考点·通技法 段落例证题考查考生理解段落举例和段落观点之间支撑关系，可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? 第二步 找到原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 观点句：Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. 例证句：My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. 第三步 比对选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。”；下文举出Toni的例子“我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 阅读理解段落例证题满分策略 一、定位例证标记词： 根据题干中的关键词（如“example”“case”“illustrate”“quote”等）或具体的人名、地名、事件名，快速回文定位例子在文中的位置。 二、返回原文寻找观点 80%情况：观点通常在例子前1-2句，尤其是出现“for example”“such as”“like”等提示词时，需重点阅读例子前的句子，寻找概括性、抽象性的观点句。 20%情况：若例子在段落开头或独立成段，观点可能在例子后，需关注例子后的总结句或转折句（如“but”“however”“this shows”等），这些句子常引出作者的核心观点。 三、匹配选项去伪存真 将找到的观点与选项进行比对，选择与观点同义替换或逻辑一致的选项。注意排除以下干扰选项： 就事论事型：仅描述例子本身内容，未体现例子与观点的关系。 过度引申型：脱离原文逻辑，添加主观臆断。 绝对化表述型：使用“must”“all”“never”等绝对化词汇，通常不符合原文谨慎的表述风格。 破类题·提能力 （2025·3月·天津卷·D篇） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 51. What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A. Goods contribute to happiness. B. Virtuous people may not be happy. C. Too many goods reduce happiness. D. Happy people care less about goods. 52. According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A. They start from a humble beginning. B. They reach the same height in career. C. They recover from the same sufferings. D. They retire with honour from the film industry. 53. What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A. Easy success is often envied. B. There are various paths to success. C. Fierce struggle is vital to success. D. Hard-earned success is treasured more. 54. In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A. introduce another topic B. draw a conclusion C. further an argument D. provide new evidence 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序（即生活的“形态”）。 51. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people.(即使是亚里士多德，他也认为幸福的关键在于美德的培养和锻炼，但他仍然认为某些物品要么是幸福的必要条件，要么是美德之人所能获得的物品)”可知，亚里士多德认为某些物品对幸福是必要的，或者美德之人会获得这些物品，即物品有助于幸福。故选A。 52. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role.(托比多年来一直在努力找工作，经历了各种各样的困难。他成为了一名著名而富有的演员，并在退休前的最后一部电影中获得了奥斯卡奖。然而，伊博特凭借他的第一部电影角色赢得了奥斯卡奖)”以及第三段“These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth.(这两位演员的人生，就像他们的名字一样，是互为镜像的存在。托比和伊博特的人生净值似乎不相上下)”可知，两人都获得了奥斯卡奖，达到了职业生涯的顶峰，即他们在事业上达到了相同的高度。故选B。 53. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do.(爬山的人比坐公交车到山顶的人会经历更多的挣扎，但爬山的人也会有一种成就感，这是另一个人可能会羡慕的。从这个意义上说，我们可能会认为托比的生活更好，因为他的高峰似乎比伊博特的更值得)”可知，作者通过爬山的例子试图传达的是：辛苦得来的成功更受珍视。故选D。 54. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference.(但这并不是全部。叙述本身似乎也有影响)”以及“Where the story ends seems to matter in itself.(故事的结局本身很重要)”并结合后文对生活叙述顺序的讨论可知，作者在写第四段是试图进一步论证前文提出的“生活形态”假说，即生活的叙述顺序也很重要。故选C。 55. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 热点角度02 标题概括题+个人成长类议论文 析典例·建模型 （2020·天津卷·D篇） After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B. Reflections on Human Nature C. The Keys to Achievement D. Never Too Late to Learn 研考点·通技法 议论文标题概括题考查考生文章结构和观点提炼分析能力。可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定 题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 55. What could be the best title for the passage? 第二步 找到 原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。 第三步 比对 选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 这篇议论文是总分结构。根据第一段内容及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement (成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。 阅读理解议论文标题概括题满分策略 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 一、文体特点与阅读策略 1.语言与结构特点：议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 2.答题误区：议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。 二、抓住论点找主旨 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 三、理清文章结构 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 四、体会语言特点 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 破类题·提能力 （2023·3月·天津卷·D篇） Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life. In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before  correcting the mistake. Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions. The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger. The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 51．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________. A．a routine warning B．a popular misbelief C．a commonly-held view D．a theoretical assumption 52．What can be learnt about the experiment? A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning. B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning. C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning. D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects. 53．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______. A．disappointing performances B．greater creative power C．the discovery of problems D．the admission of weaknesses 54．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 55．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Challenge of Derring B．Erring Prevents Failure C．To Err is Fruitful D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional 【答案】51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．A 【导语】本文是议论文。有意识地犯错可以促进更深入的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为“失误效应”——来自“故意犯错”——如果应用得当，它可能会给生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。文章主要介绍了大胆尝试犯错的好处，以及作者鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything,after all,without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped,we can avoid falling in the future.(大多数有理智的人都会接受我们能够而且应该从偶然的失败中吸取教训。毕竟，如果不偶尔犯错，任何事情都不可能取得进步。通过了解我们是如何滑倒的，我们可以避免在未来摔倒。)”可知，第一段作者提出了一个人们普遍认为的观点，故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions.(当然，你会认为错误的增加会增加不必要的混乱。然而事实恰恰相反：故意犯错误的参与者学到的知识是简单抄写正确定义的人的两倍。)”可知，添加故意错误有助于学习。故选A。 53．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive.( 如果学生想方设法把那些错误的笔记发展成更有吸引力的东西，这种有趣的方法可以激发他们作文的创造力。)”可知，根据作者的观点，使用第5段中提到的方法可能会激发学生产生更大的创造力，故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce.(但是，为什么不试着打破这些习惯，为了改变而故意做一些“错误”的事情，看看你的大胆之举会把你带向何方？如果你正在绘画，同时，你可以放下你通常对你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品。)”可推知，作者可能会鼓励你在绘画时尝试非常规的色彩。故选D。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.(然而，很少有人会主张犯故意的错误。然而，有意识地犯错可以促进更深刻的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为大胆效应——来自“故意犯错”——如果运用得当，它可能会在生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。)”可知，有意识地犯错可以促进更深入的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为“失误效应”——来自“故意犯错”——如果应用得当，它可能会给生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处。文章主要介绍了大胆尝试犯错的好处，以及作者鼓励我们要尝试大胆尝试犯错，A项“挑战主动犯错”适合做文章标题，故选A。 热点角度03 推理判断题+个人成长类文 析典例·建模型 （2019··天津卷·D篇） ... Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But,if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. ... 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 研考点·通技法 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断具体信息的能力。可通过以下三步解题： 第一步 锁定题干关键词 在题干中确定核心的、不易被替换的名词或数字作为定位词。 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ 第二步 找到原文关键句 用定位词或其同义词在原文中定位，找到包含相关信息的关键句。 定位句：We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But,if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. 翻译：我们在各自的专业领域取得成功，却也因此困在其中。世间万物再无新意，我们也渐渐失去了好奇心。但只要我们始终保持学习的心态，机遇便无处不在。 第三步 比对选项转述句 将选项与原文答题句进行逐字比对，注意同义转述，无中生有或答非所问的选项，选出最佳答案。 53. 推理判断题。根据第四段中But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人，故选C。同义替换：wonder=curious。 阅读理解推理判断满分策略 一、推理判断题解题三步曲 1. 定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。 2. 字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。 3. 深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。 二、推理判断题干扰项特征 1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。 2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。 3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。 4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。 三、推理判断题五大解题技巧 1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。 2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。 3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。 4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。 5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。 四、阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨 题型一：人物态度推断题 词汇点拨： 一是乐观支持类：positive肯定的favorable 支持的，赞同的supportive支持的approval赞成的  二是客观中立类：objective客观的neutral中立的cautious谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的opposite相反的unfair公正的doubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的ironic讽刺的。 方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 题型二：文章出处推断题。 技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： 旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。 广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。 课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。 网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here. 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。 研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 类型三、预测下段推断题   技巧点拨： 1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 破类题·提能力 （2024·6月·天津卷·D篇） It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has a different opinion than our own. When opinions differ, there is often a conflict. This is where much of the conflict with adults and teens begins. Therefore, it is important to always make the difference clear between fact and opinion. Opinions change, facts always remain the same. I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they're wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves. If you don't know there is the cliff, why would you ever be concerned about being close to the edge? I dealt with a teen today who was involved in some gangster (歹徒) activities. This girl was raised in a good home with concerned parents. However, other interests have taken over in her life. Friends have become everything. These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life. The challenge for the rest of us is helping this girl see how and where her new interests will take her. We have felt mild success as relationships of trust are built and improved. In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding this conflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choice between life and death. It's easy for the rest of us to be casual about this because the right choice seems so obvious to us. It is important to know it is much different to this young person who is stll developing and searching. Therefore, it is important that the adult should do everything possible to help the teen be fully informed about the choice before them. Provide choices and show how making different choices will improve things and provide security for the teen now and in the future. The choice to go with the crowd or with the few can be a very difficult one to make. I believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids. Our very own future is absolutely at key point anytime we advise and guide the youth. 51. From paragraph 1 we know the gap between father and son lies in that ________. A. facts always remain the same B. opinions are always different from facts C. different opinions result from their conflict D. they have a disagreement about the same fact 52. What contributes to the gir's crime according to the text? A. Different values. B. Unconcerned parents. C. Her poor family. D. Gangster activities 53. Adults should try their best to help teens make a choice regarding the conflict because ________. A. the wrong choice will lead to complete failure in the future B. the choice is difficult to make for still developing teens C. the right choice is easy for adults to see and understand D. the choice made by teens determines their life or death 54. Why should the adult never stop helping the teen according to the last paragraph? A. Because the teen won't give up themselves. B. Because the adults' future depends on the youth. C. Because the adult can give advice and guidance. D. Because the teen's future is in danger. 55. It can be inferred from the text that _______________. A. showing the results of their behavior is a good way to help people B. helping teenagers always means meeting trouble C. it's quite easy to keep a good relationship with others D. it's hard to make wise choices in our life 【答案】51.D 52. A 53.B 54.B 55. A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。当我们接触到一个与我们有不同意见的人时，总是很困难的。当意见不同时，往往会有冲突。这就是与成年人和青少年之间的冲突开始的地方。因此，重要的是，成年人应该尽一切可能帮助青少年充分了解他们面前的选择。提供选择，展示如何做出选择，以及为青少年提供提供建议和指导。 51. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中"It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has adifferent opinion than our own. When opinions differ, there is often a conflict. This is where much of theconfict withadults and teens begins.当我们接触到一个与我们有不同意见的人时，总是很困难的。当意见不同时，往往会有冲突。这就是与成年人和青少年之间的冲突开始的地方。由此可知，父子之间的隔阂源自他们对同一事实持有不同的看法，从而产生冲突和矛盾。结合选项，故选D。 52. 细节理解题。据文章第三段中"These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life.这些朋友来自不同的家庭，有不同的价值观。由此可知，导致女孩卷入犯罪的原因是价值观不同。结合选项故选，故选A。 53. 细节理解。根文章四段"In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding thisconflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choicebetweenlfe and death”然而，最终，青少年不得不对这场冲突做出选择。对于成年人来说，记住这个选择有多严重是很重要的。对一些人来说，这感觉像是生与死之间的选择。由此可知，作出选择对于青少年就像是生与死之间的选择，还是很难的。结合选项，故选B。 54. 细节理解题。根据文章最后-段" believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids.Our very own future is absolutely at key point any time we advise and guide the youth." 我放弃这些孩子是绝对必要的。我们自己的未来在任何时候都是至关重要的，我们给年轻人提供建议和指导。由此可知，成年人不应该停止帮助青少年的原因是因为成年人的未来取决于年轻人。结合选项，故选B。 55. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中" have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they'rewrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior forthemseves”我发现更有效的方法是帮助别人看到自己行为的后果。由此可以推断出，展示他们行为的结果是帮助别人的好方法。结合选项，故选A。 （建议用时：45分钟） 刷模拟 Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模）Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1．What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A．They are more willing to risk their own lives. B．They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C．They achieve greater nonconventional success. D．They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2．What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A．Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B．Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C．Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D．Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3．If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A．hold on to his original vision B．be able to adapt to new situations C．focus determinedly on one particular goal D．avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4．How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A．It will awaken them to reality. B．It is a lesson they have to learn. C．It means the end of their career. D．It will result in a slow recovery. 5．What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A．Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B．Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C．Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D．Prioritize health and happiness over material success. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有野心，然而事实上，在某些情况下，极端的野心最终可能弊大于利。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition.(我们创业圈中的大多数人都是幸运的——或者说不幸的是——他们有着高于平均水平的雄心壮志。)”可知，作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有雄心壮志。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.(显然，如果你天生更倾向于设定目标，你就更有可能成功。但事实并非总是如此。事实上，在某些情况下，过度的野心最终可能弊大于利。)”可知，作者说“事实并非总是如此”这句话暗示了有野心的人不一定更有可能成功。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段的“One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur.(过度的雄心所带来的一个主要副作用是，人们往往会过于坚定地专注于某个特定的愿景或最终目标。这确实是个问题，因为它会妨碍你适应新情况的能力，而如果你想要成为一名成功的企业家，适应新情况的能力是至关重要的。)”可知，极端的野心会阻碍成功，因为它可能会阻止企业家适应新环境，因此能够适应新的环境对成为一个成功的企业家至关重要。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.(不幸的是，对于那些雄心勃勃的创业者来说，失败被视为灾难性的，而且是无法挽回的。)”可知，那些最具雄心壮志的创业者对于自己事业中的失败意味着他们职业生涯的终结。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?(这表明，尽管有雄心的人更有可能获得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功对于他们的健康和幸福毫无意义——而如果没有健康和幸福，还有什么能真正重要呢？)”可知，作者建议我们把健康和快乐放在物质成功之前。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·天津河西·一模）They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing (包罗万象的) sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has declared the birth of a new generation in his new book, Rewired. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials that they deserve the distinction of a new generation, which he has called the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them opportunities to learn in a way that matches their expectations and their digital experiences.” 1．What is the main factor that distinguishes the iGeneration from previous generations, according to the passage? A．Their deeply integrated use of technology. B．Their higher intelligence quotients (IQs). C．Their improved social skills. D．Their greater interest in traditional media. 2．We can infer from the passage that Millennials ________. A．deserve the distinction of a new generation B．have an individualized mindset C．are less reliant on constant tech connection D．are not interested in innovation 3．What is a key characteristic of the iGeneration’s expectations towards technology? A．They prefer standardized products. B．They expect novelty and customization. C．They are skeptical of new inventions. D．They favor face-to-face communication. 4．What unexpected observation is noted concerning adolescents and interruptions to their focus? A．Their ability to concentrate is far weaker than that of mature adults. B．Doing multiple tasks leads to a dramatic drop in their school results. C．They cope with interruptions more effectively than their age would suggest. D．They fail to recognize how digital tools pull their attention away. 5．What major challenge does the author highlight for the educational system? A．The necessity of banning smartphones and laptops during lessons. B．The pressure of rising operational costs on educational budgets. C．The difficulty of training teachers to use conventional teaching materials. D．The danger of falling behind the cognitive and learning patterns of today’s youth. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科技催生了“iGeneration”一代，阐述其特征、思维方式及给现有教育体系带来的改变挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. (对于研究他们的心理学家、社会学家以及代际和媒体专家来说，他们的数字设备使这个新群体与众不同，甚至与精通技术的千禧一代长辈也不一样。)”可知，使iGeneration与前几代人区分开的主要因素是他们对科技的深度融合使用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get.(他们想要时刻保持在线、随时可联系，这种方式甚至他们的哥哥姐姐都不太理解。)”可知，千禧一代对持续科技连接的依赖程度更低。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.”(他说：“只要他们能想到，就可能已经有人发明出来，或者将来会有人发明。他们期待创新。”他们满怀期待，认为任何自己想要或能用的东西“都能够根据自身的需求、心愿和渴望量身定制”。)”可知，他们期待科技的新颖性与个性化定制。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.(但研究结果表明，青少年应对干扰的能力远比我们根据他们的年龄和大脑发育状况所预测的要好得多。)”可知，他们应对注意力干扰的效果远超其年龄段预期。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. (罗森说：“儿童使用科技产品的增长曲线上升得非常快，就他们的学习方式和思维方式而言，我们有可能与这一代人脱节。”)”可知，教育系统面临的主要挑战是可能落后于当代青少年的认知与学习模式。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2026·天津河西·一模）Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. The logic seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的). More choices should mean a greater chance of finding the perfect fit, leading to higher satisfaction. Yet, Schwartz contends that the process of choosing from numerous alternatives is psychologically taxing. Each option requires evaluation, which consumes time and cognitive energy. The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. After a decision is made, this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. Furthermore, the responsibility that comes with choice can be burdensome. When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being. Schwartz distinguishes between “maximizers” and “satisficers.” Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression. The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. We can adopt the satisficer’s mindset by defining our standards beforehand and stopping the search once they are met. We can learn to appreciate “good enough” and recognize that the quest for the perfect is often the enemy of the good. By setting sensible limits on our own freedom to choose — in what we buy, how we spend our time, even in our personal relationships — we might just find the liberation we sought in choice in the first place. 1．Which of the following best summarizes the “paradox” mentioned in the passage? A．The pursuit of perfect freedom ultimately restricts our happiness. B．Society provides more choices, but individuals still feel they are not sufficient. C．Having abundant options is intended to increase satisfaction, but it often results in greater anxiety and regret. D．Economists believe more choices are beneficial, while psychologists prove they are harmful. 2．What does the phrase “a suboptimal choice” most probably mean? A．The choice that is the perfect fit. B．The choice whose logic seems counterintuitive. C．The choice bringing enjoyment. D．The choice that is less ideal. 3．According to the passage, why does the burden of personal responsibility increase in the face of abundant choices? A．Because it requires more knowledge to evaluate complex options. B．Because with limited choice, failure can be blamed on external factors. C．Because society places higher expectations on individuals who have many choices. D．Because making a wrong choice among many leads to greater financial loss. 4．According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is TRUE about maximizers and satisficers? A．Although maximizers may achieve better objective outcomes, they tend to be less happy due to post-decision regret. B．Maximizers are generally more efficient because they research thoroughly before deciding. C．Satisficers are happier simply because they have lower standards and expectations. D．Becoming a satisficer means giving up on quality and settling for what is average in all situations. 5．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the abundance of choice in modern life? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Cautiously critical but offering a solution. C．Entirely supportive and enthusiastic. D．Neutral and purely descriptive. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在其著作《选择的悖论》中提出的观点：过多的选择并不会带来更多的自由和满足，反而可能导致焦虑、后悔和不满。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. (现代社会崇尚选择的自由，认为这是一种基本的好处。从超市的麦片区到职业道路，我们面临着前所未有的选择。然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会引发焦虑、犹豫不决与不满——他称之为“选择的专制”的现象)”可知，文章所讨论的“paradox(悖论)”指的是丰富的选择本应提升满意度，却常常导致更大的焦虑和后悔。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. (对做出suboptimal choice的恐惧——害怕错过更好的选择——在情感层面上产生了经济学家所说的“机会成本”)”以及后文“this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. (这种恐惧常常转变为对被放弃选项的后悔或怀疑，从而削弱了对所选之物的享受)”可推知，suboptimal choice与“a better alternative”相对，指的是会让人产生恐惧的选择，是不够理想的选择。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being.(当结果不尽如人意时，我们只能归咎于自己。在选择有限的世界里，命运或资源匮乏尚可充当替罪羊；而面对无限选择时，失败则被个人化。这种因不够完美的结果而产生的“自责”，会削弱我们的幸福感)”可知，在选择有限的情况下，失败可以归咎于外部因素，而当有无限的选择的时候，失败则更多地被视为个人的责任。所以可以理解为：面对丰富的选择，个人责任的负担反而增加了，这是因为选择有限时，失败可以归咎于外部因素。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression.(最大化者努力做出绝对最好的选择，详尽地研究所有可能性。另一方面，满足者追求“足够好”，满足于符合他们核心标准的选择。不出所料，研究表明，与满足者相比，最大化者尽管通常能取得客观上更好的结果，但他们的幸福感、乐观程度和生活满意度都较低。他们更容易后悔和抑郁)”可知，最大化者虽然可能取得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不太快乐”可知，关于最大化者和满足者，正确的说法是：尽管最大化者可能获得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不那么快乐。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction (然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会导致焦虑、麻木和不满)”可知，作者借用名人的观点对现代生活中的过多选择表达了批判态度；同时，结合最后一段中“The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. (解决办法不是消除选择，而是有意识地削减它)”可知，作者提出了有意识地削减选择的解决方案。因此，作者的态度是谨慎批判但提供解决方案。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2026·天津河北·一模）In 1995, a biologist had an unconventional idea. He studied brainless slime moulds (无脑黏菌) and became convinced it was intelligent. It solved problems and made decisions as if it had a mind. To test this, he reproduced a rail network on an agar (琼脂) plate, using oat flakes for cities. He placed the slime moulds at the “central station”. Within a day, the organism rebuilt an efficient network matching the human-designed system — without a brain. This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. Today, “intelligence” is being reduced to something that looks just like human cognition. AI has become our cultural wallpaper. We debate AI’s impacts but rarely the fundamental question: What is intelligence? The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. The planet is already filled with superintelligent systems. Water is intelligent in how it adapts and carves canyons. Trees are intelligent in how they share nutrients and warn neighbours. Whole forests operate like connected networks. Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. We use “dumb as rocks” as an insult, but rocks endure. They are stable; they do not self-destruct. “Rock bottom” is not a collapse but the foundation you build upon. We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. The longest-lived systems — forests, reefs — behave like slime moulds and gardens. They are slow, steady, adaptive, indifferent to public noise. Their ambition is simply to keep living without causing unnecessary harm — a useful metaphor for us now. This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. Perhaps intelligence isn’t defined by computational speed, but by depth of connection. This brings me to my daughter, fifteen months old, pre-verbal. She experiences the world as sensation and connection. She doesn’t think or judge; she is simply present. There’s a brilliance in that state we dismiss because it doesn’t look like analysis or output. Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. What does that suggest about where wisdom truly exists? 1．Why does the author begin with the slime mold experiment? A．To introduce a new AI technology. B．To praise human engineering skills. C．To challenge a common assumption. D．To highlight a biological breakthrough. 2．What does the author imply about current AI discussions? A．They underestimate human thinking. B．They are too focused on cultural values. C．They are obsessed with processing speed. D．They oversimplify the nature of intelligence. 3．What can be learned about the natural systems mentioned in the passage? A．They actively compete for limited resources. B．They possess wisdom ignored by human standards. C．They depend on fast computation to solve problems. D．They function efficiently by mimicking human brains. 4．The author uses the example of his daughter to ______. A．illustrate pre-linguistic learning B．stress parental observation skills C．highlight the value of pure presence D．present humans as uniquely intelligent beings 5．What is the central argument of the passage? A．Scientific experiments reveal hidden natural laws. B．Childhood experiences shape philosophical views. C．Biological organisms outperform artificial systems. D．True intelligence should be redefined beyond human traits. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者以黏菌实验质疑智慧需大脑的传统观点，指出人类对智慧的理解过于狭隘，只关注人类特征。自然界各类系统皆有智慧，呼吁重新定义智慧，认为全然活在当下才是最高智慧。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. (这项实验挑战了一个长期以来被人们深信不疑的假设：即智力的形成需要神经元、头骨，或者某种存在于我们眼后的东西。)”可知，作者以黏菌实验作为开篇是为了挑战一个常见的假设。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. (危险并不在于机器变得过于智能，而在于我们对“智能”的定义已经变得狭隘，只关注于人类自身。在急于创造人造智能的过程中，我们却忽略了对真实人类的研究。)”可知，作者认为当前有关人工智能的讨论过于简化了智能的本质。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. (就连石头也拥有某种形式的智慧。)”以及第四段“We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. (我们之所以会忽略这些见解，是因为我们把智能局限于人类所具有的那些特征上，比如：解决问题的能力、语言能力、规划能力。)”可知，自然系统拥有超出人类认知范畴的智慧。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. (或许最卓越的智慧形式就是“当下意识”：即无需先入为主的观念而进行的感知。她懂得如何全身心地沉浸于当下。)”可知，作者以自己的女儿为例，旨在强调纯粹投入的重要性。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. (这就产生了一个紧迫的需求：重新定义“智能”这一概念。)”结合作者以黏菌实验质疑智慧需大脑的传统观点，指出人类对智慧的理解过于狭隘，只关注人类特征。自然界各类系统皆有智慧，呼吁重新定义智慧，认为全然活在当下才是最高智慧。可知，文章的核心观点真正的智慧应当超越人类特质而被重新定义。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高三上·天津·期末）Technology is supposed to simplify our lives. Smartphones provide a palm-sized window on the world, enabling us to do almost anything with a mere tap. Smart homes manage themselves, and virtual meetings mean that commuting (通勤) is a thing of the past for many. So, we should have more time to sleep, relax, or simply enjoy a moment of doing nothing, right? If this idea strikes you as a bit of a paradox, you are not alone. Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things. We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks. The growth in digital tasks is partly due to how technology is changing our perception of free time. For many, it is no longer enough to simply eat a meal, watch TV, or take an exercise class. Instead, in an attempt to avoid “wasting” time, they often do these activities while browsing the Web in search of the ingredients for a perfect life and a sense of achievement. These changes are also thought to be intensifying work. Home and hybrid working, enabled by video conferencing technology, have blurred the boundaries between work time and personal time. With the office now just a room away, it is tempting to think, “I’ll just finish this up after putting the kids to bed.” Digital technologies are speeding up the pace of life. However, poorly designed technology can also force us to do more work because of the inefficiencies it creates. We have all encountered the frustration of entering data into system A only to find that it does not integrate with system B, forcing us to re-enter the same information in both. By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all. In the work environment, employers and employees alike need to create an environment in which disconnection is acceptable. This means setting realistic expectations about what can be achieved in a typical workday. Moreover, technology itself may hold the key to reclaiming our time. Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time. 1．The “paradox” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that ______. A．smart homes require more management than traditional ones B．technology is meant to free up time but often leads to more tasks C．people feel frustrated when technology fails to integrate systems D．virtual meetings eliminate commuting but add new forms of work 2．What is the author’s attitude to the idea that “digital technology helps us save time”? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. 3．What role does Paragraph 3 play in the passage? A．It contrasts the different ways people use smartphones in various situations. B．It illustrates how digital devices fill previously “leisure” time with new tasks. C．It explains the technical reasons behind the integration failure of digital systems. D．It provides statistical evidence to support the claim about tech-driven assignments. 4．What does the author imply by mentioning the smartwatch example? A．Technology should prioritize reminding users to rest over suggesting tasks. B．Employers should equip employees with advanced time-management devices. C．Physical movement reminders are unnecessary additions to digital routines. D．Smartwatches are currently ineffective in helping users manage time. 5．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To criticize the inefficiency of current digital technologies. B．To compare the traditional way of life with the digitalized one. C．To advocate a shift in perceiving and using free time in digital age. D．To reveal the unexpected outcome of employing digital technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了数字技术虽节省时间却常致更多任务，需转变观念。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things.(越来越多的证据表明，虽然数字技术确实帮助我们节省了一些时间，但我们最终往往用这些时间做更多的事情)”可知，第二段中提到的“悖论”指的是技术本意是节省时间，但往往导致更多任务这一事实。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things.(越来越多的证据表明，虽然数字技术确实帮助我们节省了一些时间，但我们最终往往用这些时间做更多的事情)”及全文内容可知，作者指出科技看似节省时间，实则让人们更忙碌、生活节奏更快，对“数字技术帮我们节省时间”这一观点持怀疑态度。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks.(我们最近在欧洲各地进行了采访，以了解人们在日常生活中如何使用数字设备。无论是等公交车、早上醒来，还是晚上躺在床上，我们的受访者都报告说，以前“空闲”的时间现在都被技术驱动的任务填满了)”可知，第三段举例说明数字设备如何用新任务填满原本的空闲时间。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time.(想象一下，如果你的智能手表不是让你站起来为另一项任务四处走动，而是提醒你因为已经达到了合同规定的工作时间而停止工作。也许当技术开始告诉我们少做些事情时，我们最终将能够重新掌控自己的时间)”可知，作者通过提到智能手表的例子，暗示技术应该优先考虑提醒用户休息，而不是建议任务。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all.(通过增加更多的任务，我们最终可能会取得更少的成就，感觉更糟。夺回被技术“节省”的时间需要改变我们利用时间的方式。为了摆脱用越来越多的任务填满时间的习惯，我们首先需要接受有时候少做或什么都不做也是可以的)”以及全文内容可知，作者主要论述数字时代下人们对空闲时间的使用方式发生了变化，写这篇文章的目的是倡导在数字时代改变对空闲时间的看法和利用方式。故选C。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Staring at the books on the shelf, my 10-year-old daughter and I already knew what to pick for our nightly read. While she chose a story we had read many times, I wanted something new — something humorous and thoughtful. At that moment, I began to reflect on the duality (双重性) in picture books: the challenge of appealing to both children and the adults who read to them. Though it may seem like an impossible balance to strike, it’s something that I’ve prioritized in my own writing career. Humor, I’ve learned, is powerful. Used wisely, it keeps readers of any age engaged and encourages children to think ahead about what might happen next. In my picture book The Mess Monster, when Lucy’s pile of clothes and toys falls on her dog Max, she screams “OH NO!” — a moment that invites readers to join the fun dramatically. Such exaggerated (夸张的) moments keep both kids and adults entertained, much like the storytelling sessions in libraries where voices, gestures, and emotions bring stories to life. According to Psychology Today, humor in picture books fosters engagement, comprehension, and a positive attitude toward reading. For me, humor is also a way to deliver deeper messages — like kindness and empathy — through laughter. In The Mess Monster, Lucy’s accident teaches her to take responsibility, showing young readers how actions affect others. Research confirms that stories help children build empathy by connecting with characters different from themselves. Yet adults, too, need reminders of empathy and understanding — making these themes meaningful for both audiences. This dual appeal, however, is not merely an artistic achievement; it has practical implications for a book’s impact. Appealing to both children and adults also broadens a writer’s reach. Parents are more eager to read stories that reflect family struggles and everyday realities. Such books spark conversations, helping both generations realize they’re not alone. Adults smile knowingly when Lucy blames the “Mess Monster” for her untidy room — a struggle many of us never outgrow. Children and adults may approach stories differently, but writers who recognize this can bridge the gap. Animated storytelling, expressive language, and emotional honesty often make a story timeless. Sometimes it’s not just the book itself, but how it’s read that makes it a bedtime favorite. As a reader, I find that the best stories speak to the shared human experience. No matter one’s age or background, readers seek the same things — relatable characters, satisfying plots, and a touch of humor that warms the heart. Whether young or grown, a reader is a reader, and a good story connects us all. 1．What can be inferred from the author’s statement about the duality in picture books? A．It is a primary focus of her own writing. B．It is rarely achieved well in most picture books. C．It is more crucial than including humor. D．It is replaced by moral lessons today. 2．According to the author, what is the primary role of humor beyond entertainment? A．To enhance children’s reading comprehension. B．To make the process of learning enjoyable. C．To provide clear examples of good behavior. D．To serve as a vehicle for meaningful values. 3．What does the “Mess Monster” example imply about adult readers? A．They enjoy humorous exaggerations. B．They appreciate simple life lessons. C．They recognize universal human struggles. D．They seek solutions to family problems. 4．We can learn from Paragraph 5 that skillful authors . A．know how to connect with readers of all ages B．focus on writing for specific age groups C．value reading styles more than content D．rely on simple language to engage readers 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Humor in Storytelling B．How to Write Timeless Picture Stories. C．Building Empathy Through Shared Reading. D．Creating Stories That Speak to All. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自身经历引出图画书中的双重性这一话题，阐述了幽默在图画书中的作用，强调好的故事能跨越年龄界限，连接不同读者，表达了对创作能引起所有人共鸣的故事的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“At that moment, I began to reflect on the duality (双重性) in picture books: the challenge of appealing to both children and the adults who read to them. Though it may seem like an impossible balance to strike, it’s something that I’ve prioritized in my own writing career. (那一刻，我开始思考图画书中的双重性：既要吸引孩子，又要吸引读给他们听的成年人，这是一项挑战。虽然这看起来似乎是一个不可能达到的平衡，但这是我在自己的写作生涯中优先考虑的事情。)”可知，图画书中的双重性是作者在自己写作生涯中优先考虑的事情，即这是她写作的一个主要关注点。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For me, humor is also a way to deliver deeper messages — like kindness and empathy — through laughter. (对我来说，幽默也是一种通过笑声传递更深层次信息的方式，比如善良和同理心。)”可知，幽默除了娱乐之外，主要的作用是作为传递有意义的价值观的载体。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Adults smile knowingly when Lucy blames the ‘Mess Monster’ for her untidy room — a struggle many of us never outgrow. (当露西把她凌乱的房间归咎于“混乱怪物”时，成年人会会心一笑——这是我们许多人永远都无法摆脱的困扰。)”可知，成年人对露西把房间凌乱归咎于“混乱怪物”会心一笑，是因为这是很多人都会有的困扰，即成年人认识到普遍的人类困扰。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Children and adults may approach stories differently, but writers who recognize this can bridge the gap. Animated storytelling, expressive language, and emotional honesty often make a story timeless. Sometimes it’s not just the book itself, but how it’s read that makes it a bedtime favorite. (儿童和成年人对待故事的方式可能不同，但认识到这一点的作家可以弥合这一差距。生动的讲故事方式、富有表现力的语言和情感上的真诚常常使一个故事成为永恒。有时候，不仅仅是书本身，还有它的阅读方式，让它成为睡前最受欢迎的读物。)”可知，有技巧的作者能够认识到儿童和成年人对待故事方式的不同，从而弥合这一差距，即他们知道如何与不同年龄段的读者建立联系。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要论述了图画书需要同时吸引孩子和成年人，好的故事能够跨越年龄的界限，连接不同年龄段的读者。D选项“Creating Stories That Speak to All. (创作能与所有人对话的故事。)”符合文章主旨，适合作标题。故选D。 刷真题 Passage 1 (2022天津卷) Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A. Making us simple-minded B. Making us short-signted. C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A. Through maintaining good health. B. By going through pain and suffering. C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D. Through offering help much needed by others. 53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A. less selfish B. less annoying C. more motivated D. more responsible 54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B. When our love for the world is insufficient. C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D. When we stay blind to the reality. 55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 51.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 52.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 53.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。 54.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 55.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 Passage 2 (2021天津卷) There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion（排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 51. To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A. narrow his range of knowledge B. avoid responsibilities at work C. know more about the society D. broaden his perspective on life 52. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people 53. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A. is fully aware of his talent and ability B. is a pure specialist in medicine C. should love poetry and philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work 54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist 【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。 51.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。 52.细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。 53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。 54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 55.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。 Passage 3 (2018天津卷) Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________. A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them 52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A. To avoid jumping to conclusions. B. To stop complaining all the time. C. To follow the teacher’s advice. D. To admit mistakes honestly. 53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________. A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides 54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them. B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________. A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A 【解析】 【导读】本文是一篇议论文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。 51. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。 52. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。 53. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。 54. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。 55. 推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。 39 / 40 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $