Unit 4 Helping out 重点词汇、短语、句型专项练习-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit 4核心词汇、短语及句型，构建从基础默写到语境应用的递进训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |课本词汇短语默写|2类（9+21题）|词性转换（名词-动词-形容词）、短语固定搭配|从词形变化规则到固定短语积累，夯实语言基础| |词汇综合练习|25题（填空+首字母）|语境中词汇运用（名词复数、时态、词性转换）|衔接基础词汇与语用能力，体现词法知识迁移| |单项选择|15题|语法（情态动词、非谓语）、固定句型（try one's best to do）|聚焦单元核心语法点，强化句型结构应用| |句子翻译|10题（5空+5整句）|汉译英（固定搭配、从句）|从短语到句子，提升语言表达准确性| |短文填空|10空|语篇语境中语法（连词、代词、时态）|综合考查词汇、语法及语篇理解，培养思维品质|

2026春季新版八年级下册外研版英语Unit 4 Helping out 重点词汇、短语、句型专项练习（含解析） 课本词汇、短语默写 一、词性转换。 1. excuse v. 原谅 → _________ n. 借口；理由 2. disappointment n. 失望, 扫兴, 沮丧 → _________ v. 使失望 → _________ adj. 失望的； →_________ adj. 令人失望的；令人沮丧的 3. treatment n. 治疗, 诊治; 疗法 → _________v. 医疗；治疗；以……方式对待 4. illness n. 病, 疾病→ _________adj.生病的 5. public adj. 公众的, 大众的→ _________n. 平民；民众 6. directly adv. 直接地→ （反义词）_________ adv. 间接地 → _________ adj. 直接的 7. solution n. 解决, 解决方法→_________ v.解决 8. warmth n. 温暖→_________ adj.温暖的 9. lucky adj. 运气好的, 幸运的→ ________ adv. 幸运地→ ________n. 幸运；运气 二、短语默写 1．___________ 关闭 2．____________ 需要 3．__________ 呼吁；号召 4．____________ 旨在做某事5．____________ 增加了…… 6．_____________尽可能…… 7．__________下定决心 8．___________从……毕业 9．____________立即；马上 10．____________报名参加 11．__________帮助，伸出援助之手 12．___________劳驾 13．__________零花钱 14．___________公开；公之于众 15．_________产生影响 16．___________恐怕…… 17．_________扔掉 18．___________天生具有 19．____________渡过(难关) 20．_____________计划做某事 21．____________放弃 专项练习 一、词汇综合练习。 1．We need a good ________ (organize) for the activity. 2．Several brave ________ (fireman) rushed into the burning building to save people. 3．We felt the ________ (warm) of the sun on our faces during the winter walk. 4．Terry ________ (graduate) from medical school next summer. 5．The pocket money is limited. He finds it hard ________ (afford) the expensive toy. 6．We ________ (not mention) his disability directly. It’s impolite. 7．After the earthquake, many people lost their homes and became ________ (home). 8．H________ out makes us feel good. 9．Henry caught a v________ and had to stay in bed for a week. 10．My grandmother’s smile is like warm s________ on a cold day. 11．What does this English word m________? I can’t understand it. 12．I found a beautiful b________ (瓶子) on the beach yesterday. 13．Thank you for your k________. You are so nice. 14．The boy o________ to help the old man carry the bag just now. 15．He saved his p________ money to help homeless animals. 16．They had a warm d________ about volunteer work. 17．She is busy with her final e________ these days. 18．Many students d________ books and clothes every term. 19．We need a practical ________ (解决方法) to the problem. 20．I’m worried about the safety of the _________ (治疗、诊治) due to some uncertainties. 21．After high school, Tim plans to study engineering at a _________ (学院). 22．Mike’s brother serves in the army and is a brave ________ (士兵). 23．________ (成功) belongs to the hard-working. 24．We have growing ________ (痛苦) and gains. 25．I want to have a good ________ (职业) in the future. 26．Last week, I caught the ________ (流感) and I stayed in bed for three days. 27．We should do our best to help those ________ (无家可归的) people. 二、单项选择题。 1．You ________ feel very tired after waiting in the room for two hours. In fact, you ________ stand all the time. You can find a place to rest. A．must; mustn’t B．must; don’t have to C．can; don’t have to D．can; shouldn’t 2．We should try our best ________ the people in need. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 3．The students are busy ________ for the coming sports meeting. A．prepare B．preparing C．to prepare D．prepared 4．—If you need anything, ________. I’ll do it for you. —You’re so kind. Thank you! A．you make it B．you’ve got it C．you said it D．you name it 5．People in our neighborhood ________ many old clothes ________ the poor children last week. A．donated; to B．provided; with C．gave; away D．bought; for 6．Mr. Li decided to ________ some money to the local library to buy more books. A．borrow B．lend C．donate D．spend 7．After he ________ from college, he decided to work as a teacher in a small village. A．graduated B．will graduate C．graduates D．is graduating 8．It’s very kind of you to ________ your pocket money to help the people in the earthquake area. A．save B．donate C．waste D．keep 9．Although the task is difficult, it is ________ impossible for us to finish it on time. A．by the way B．by no means C．by accident D．by hand 10．He is ________ a lazy boy; he always helps his parents with housework. A．by no means B．no longer C．as well as D．instead of 11．Don’t lean ________ the door. It’s dangerous. A．against B．from C．at D．for 12．We should try our best to help the ________ children and give them a warm place to live. A．rich B．healthy C．homeless D．lucky 13．Please ________ the message to your classmates. A．pass on B．pass C．pass by D．pass out 14．—Must I finish my homework now? —No, you ________. You can do it later. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 15．They are ________ a party for their friend’s birthday. A．making plan B．making a plan C．making plan for D．making a plan for 三、句子翻译。 1．你下定决心再在这儿待一周了吗? Did you ________ ________ your ________ to stay here for another week? 2．他觉得帮忙做家务是必要的。 He found it necessary to __________ ________ with housework. 3．老师鼓励我们互相合作。 The teacher ________ us ________ ________ together. 4．这是一个如此宁静的场景，我真想走进画里。 It’s ________ a peaceful scene ________ I really want to step into the painting. 5．帮助别人是我们的责任。 It’s our ________ ________ ________ others. 6．她一定在准备考试，因为下周就要考试了。 __________________________________________________ 7．你不应该在公共场合大声喧哗。 ________________________________________________ 8．我们必须向消防员致敬，他们是英雄。 __________________________________________________ 9．他可能因为生病而缺席了会议。 __________________________________________________ 10．医院为年轻病人提供了涂色书。 _____________________________________________________ 四、短文填空。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。  Clark and Dale were staying in the same room in hospital. Clark was so sick     1     he could not even move his body. He spent all his time lying on his back. Dale could sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next     2     the room’s only window. Over time, Clark     3     Dale became good friends. Every afternoon, Dale would look out of the window     4       (describe) the scenery outside for his friend. He told Clark about the flowers in a park outside the window, people walking    5     and the green trees beside the roads—anything     6     (interest). One morning, when a nurse came to check the two     7     (man), she found that Dale had died in his sleep. Clark asked if he could move to the bed next to the window because he wanted to look out of the window     8     (he). The nurse agreed. He took his first look at the world outside     9     (immediate). To his surprise, he could see nothing but a wall of another building. The nurse     10     (explain) that Dale had been blind. He described beautiful scenes to help his friend feel better. He had never seen anything outside the window at all. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026春外研版八下英语Unit 4 试卷答案+逐题解析 一、词性转换（答案+解析） 1. excuse 解析：excuse 作动词是“原谅”，作名词是“借口、理由”，同形不同义。 2. disappoint；disappointed；disappointing 解析：disappointment（n.失望）→ 动词disappoint（使失望）；人作主语用disappointed（感到失望的）；物作主语用disappointing（令人失望的）。 3. treat 解析：treatment（n.治疗）→ 动词treat（治疗、对待），是名词变动词的常规转换。 4. ill 解析：illness（n.疾病）→ 形容词ill（生病的），名词去后缀-ness变形容词。 5. public 解析：public 可作形容词“公众的”，也可作名词“公众、民众”，同形不同性。 6. indirectly；direct 解析：directly（adv.直接地）→ 反义词indirectly（间接地）；形容词形式是direct（直接的）。 7. solve 解析：solution（n.解决方法）→ 动词solve（解决），名词变动词去后缀-tion。 8. warm 解析：warmth（n.温暖）→ 形容词warm（温暖的），名词去后缀-th变形容词。 9. luckily；luck 解析：lucky（adj.幸运的）→ 副词luckily（幸运地）；名词luck（运气）。 二、短语默写（答案+解析） 1. shut down 解析：固定短语，意为“关闭（电器、水源等）”。 2. in need 解析：固定短语，意为“在危难中、需要帮助”。 3. call on 解析：固定短语，意为“呼吁、号召”。 4. aim to do sth. 解析：固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。 5. increase by 解析：固定短语，意为“增加了……（表幅度）”。 6. as...as possible 解析：固定搭配，意为“尽可能……”。 7. make up one's mind 解析：固定短语，意为“下定决心”。 8. graduate from 解析：固定短语，意为“从……毕业”。 9. at once 解析：固定短语，意为“立即、马上”。 10. sign up for 解析：固定短语，意为“报名参加”。 11. give a helping hand 解析：固定短语，意为“帮助、伸出援助之手”。 12. excuse me 解析：日常用语，意为“劳驾、打扰一下”。 13. pocket money 解析：固定短语，意为“零花钱”。 14. in public 解析：固定短语，意为“公开地、当众”。 15. make a difference 解析：固定短语，意为“产生影响、起作用”。 16. I'm afraid (that)... 解析：常用句式，意为“恐怕……”。 17. throw away 解析：固定短语，意为“扔掉”。 18. be born with 解析：固定短语，意为“天生具有”。 19. get through 解析：固定短语，意为“渡过（难关）”。 20. plan to do sth. 解析：固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”。 21. give up 解析：固定短语，意为“放弃”。 综合练习（答案+解析） 1. organization 解析：a good + 名词，organize（v.组织）→ 名词organization（组织）。 2. firemen 解析：several（几个）+ 可数名词复数，fireman复数是firemen。 3. warmth 解析：the + 名词，warm（adj.温暖的）→ 名词warmth（温暖）。 4. will graduate 解析：next summer（明年夏天）表将来，用一般将来时will+动词原形。 5. to afford 解析：固定句型find it hard to do sth.（发现做某事很难）。 6. don't mention 解析：一般现在时，主语we，否定用don't+动词原形。 7. homeless 解析：become + 形容词，home（n.家）→ 形容词homeless（无家可归的）。 8. Helping 解析：动词作主语用动名词形式，句首首字母大写。 9. virus 解析：catch a virus（感染病毒），符合句意“生病卧床一周”。 10. sunshine 解析：warm sunshine（温暖的阳光），符合“寒冷天像暖阳”。 11. mean 解析：does + 动词原形，mean（意思是），符合“不懂单词含义”。 12. bottle 解析：a beautiful + 单数名词，bottle（瓶子）。 13. kindness 解析：your + 名词，kind（adj.善良的）→ 名词kindness（善意）。 14. offered 解析：just now（刚才）表过去，offer to do sth.（主动做某事）。 15. pocket 解析：pocket money（零花钱），固定短语。 16. dialogue 解析：have a dialogue（进行对话），符合“讨论志愿工作”。 17. exam 解析：final exam（期末考试），符合“近期忙碌”。 18. donate 解析：donate books and clothes（捐赠衣物书籍），一般现在时。 19. solution 解析：a practical + 名词，solution（解决方法）。 20. treatment 解析：the safety of + 名词，treatment（治疗）。 21. college 解析：at a college（在大学），符合“学习工程学”。 22. soldier 解析：a brave + 单数名词，soldier（士兵）。 23. Success 解析：句首作主语用名词，success（成功），首字母大写。 24. pains 解析：gains（收获）对应pains（付出），固定搭配no pains no gains。 25. career 解析：a good + 名词，career（职业），符合“未来规划”。 26. flu 解析：catch the flu（患流感），固定短语。 27. homeless 解析：homeless people（无家可归的人），形容词作定语。 二、单项选择题（答案+解析） 1. B 解析：must表肯定推测“一定累”；don't have to“不必”，符合“不必一直站着”。 2. B 解析：固定搭配try one's best to do sth.（尽最大努力做某事）。 3. B 解析：固定搭配be busy doing sth.（忙于做某事）。 4. D 解析：you name it“尽管说”，符合“需要什么尽管提”的语境。 5. A 解析：donate sth. to sb.（把某物捐给某人），符合“捐旧衣给贫困儿童”。 6. C 解析：donate（捐赠），符合“捐钱给图书馆买书”的语境。 7. A 解析：after引导时间状语从句，主句过去时，从句也用过去时graduated。 8. B 解析：donate pocket money（捐零花钱），符合“帮助灾区人民”。 9. B 解析：by no means“绝不”，符合“任务难但绝非不可能完成”。 10. A 解析：by no means“绝不”，符合“他绝不懒，总帮做家务”。 11. A 解析：lean against“靠在……上”，固定搭配。 12. C 解析：homeless children（无家可归的孩子），符合“提供温暖住所”。 13. A 解析：pass on the message（传递信息），固定短语。 14. B 解析：Must I...? 否定回答用No, you needn't/don't have to。 15. D 解析：make a plan for sth.（为某事制定计划），固定搭配。 三、句子翻译（答案+解析） 1. make up；mind 解析：固定短语make up one's mind（下定决心）。 2. help out 解析：help out with sth.（帮忙做某事），固定搭配。 3. encourages；to work 解析：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事），一般现在时。 4. such；that 解析：such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that...（如此……以至于……）。 5. duty to help 解析：固定句型It's one's duty to do sth.（做某事是某人的责任）。 6. She must be preparing for the exam because the exam is coming next week. 解析：must be doing表“一定正在做某事”；prepare for（为……做准备）。 7. You shouldn't speak loudly in public. 解析：in public（在公共场合）；shouldn't（不应该）。 8. We must pay tribute to firefighters. They are heroes. 解析：pay tribute to（向……致敬）；firefighters（消防员）。 9. He may be absent from the meeting because of his illness. 解析：be absent from（缺席）；because of + 名词（因为）。 10. The hospital provided coloring books for young patients. 解析：provide sth. for sb.（为某人提供某物）；young patients（年轻病人）。 四、短文填空（答案+解析） 1. that 解析：so...that...（如此……以至于……），固定句型。 2. to 解析：next to（在……旁边），固定短语。 3. and 解析：连接两个并列主语Clark和Dale，用and。 4. to describe 解析：不定式作目的状语，“为了描述风景”。 5. by 解析：walk by（走过、路过），固定短语。 6. interesting 解析：不定代词anything后用形容词interesting（有趣的）。 7. men 解析：two + 可数名词复数，man复数是men。 8. himself 解析：反身代词himself（他自己），符合“亲自看窗外”。 9. immediately 解析：副词修饰动词look，immediate（adj.）→ immediately（adv.）。 10. explained 解析：全文过去时，explain用过去式explained。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $