高考阅读理解《主旨大意题》专练-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高中阅读理解《主旨大意题》专练 答案 （一）32．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Teens tell us about significant stresses that come with trying to be a ‘good friend’ in the age of social media.(青少年告诉我们，在社交媒体时代，试图成为‘好朋友’会带来巨大的压力。)”并结合本段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了青少年要在网络上维持朋友关系所承受的巨大压力。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close.(回复过快会被视为过于急切，尤其是当友谊是新的或不亲密时。)”可知，在一段新的友谊中，回复消息过快会被视于过于急切。故选A。 （二）28．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“With the world population expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it’s created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (板) consume available fields. Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland.(随着世界人口的增长，农田不仅要生产更多的粮食，还要生产清洁能源，农田的压力越来越大。在华盛顿州亚基马县等地，由于需要土地的太阳能电池板消耗了可用的田地，这就造成了空间竞争。上个月，该州批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1700英亩农田的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了太阳能电池板占据农田，导致农田空间减少。故选A。 （三）34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Depth reporting explores the fundamental causes, involves multiple perspectives, and uncovers the hidden truths that shape our world, helping readers get a more comprehensive understanding of complicated matters.(深度报道探究根本原因，涉及多个角度，揭示塑造我们世界的隐藏真相，帮助读者更全面地了解复杂的事物)”可知，深度报道可以提高读者对复杂问题的理解。故选D项。 （四）36．推理判断题。根据第二段“Between 20% and 50% of college freshmen enter school without a declared major. Keep in mind that there’s nothing wrong with remaining “undecided” or “undeclared” for the first few years of your college career. You can use this time to decide what you’re interested in.( 20%到50%的大学新生入学时没有指定专业。请记住，在大学生涯的前几年保持“犹豫不决”或“未定”并没有什么错。你可以利用这段时间来决定你感兴趣的专业)”可知，你不必在进入大学时就决定你的专业。故选D项。 （五）54．主旨大意题。根据第五段“And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life.(这招奏效了。几周后，参与者开始觉得他们的日程安排充满了他们积极选择的活动——结果，时间感觉更充裕了。从开始到结束，他们对自己如何度过时间的总体满意度上升了16%。他们甚至报告说，他们在职业目标上取得了更大的进步——这几乎与悄然放弃相反——因为他们增加的精力和投入延伸到了生活的各个领域)”可知，第5段的主旨是积极选择活动有积极的影响。故选A。 （六）29.B. How the anti-cancer gene works. 解析：本题考查细节理解。根据第四段中的句子“Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40”以及“an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit”可知，第四段主要讲述了抗癌基因p53是如何工作的，所以选项B是正确的。 （七）33．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合前两句“Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way.(然而，即使缩水式通胀伴随着通胀而来，问题也不会在通胀结束后才结束。一旦新尺码上市，它们很可能会一直保持这种状态)”可知，本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响，即产品的尺寸一旦减少，后续可能很难再变回来，故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.(对许多公司来说，缩水式通胀似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消费者对价格高度敏感的食品行业，提高价格可能会让消费者跳槽到另一个品牌。但是面对持续的通货膨胀，公司不得不做些什么来维持他们的利润。把产品的尺寸缩小一点可以使他们在保持价格竞争力的同时提高利润。但是，一旦客户注意到这种变化，他们可能会觉得自己被愚弄了，从而导致信任和信心的丧失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素，对许多公司来说缩水式通货膨胀是无法避免的，这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者可能会感觉受到了欺骗，导致信任和信心的丧失。因此，作者对于缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的，既指出了其带来的问题，也指出了其对公司的好处，故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.(消费者在购物时可能需要理智地检查价格和尺码，并确保自己不会落入货架上超大尺码的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸，确保自己不会陷入价格陷阱。因此，消费者应该做出明智的决定，故选D。 （八）24．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a heartwarming tale from Georgia, a 72-year-old senior recently celebrated his college graduation in cinema studies, an achievement made even more special by the presence of his proud 99-year-old mother.(乔治亚州发生了一个感人的故事，一名72岁的大四学生最近庆祝了他电影专业的大学毕业，而他99岁的母亲也在场，这一成就显得更加特别)”以及全文讲述可知，全文就是主要讲述了这位老人重返校园的具体情况，所以第一段概括介绍了全文的大意。故选B项。 （九）26．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Virginia expressed her huge pride, saying, ‘I am so proud of him. He faced numerous challenges but insisted, and I am delighted, pleased, and extremely proud,’ the mother also added. ‘With his new degree, he’s going to stand out in whatever he does. Who knows, I might even make an appearance in the movies.’(维吉尼亚表达了她巨大的骄傲：‘我为他感到骄傲。他面临过无数的挑战，但他坚持了下来，我很高兴，很满意，也非常自豪。’这位母亲又补充说道，‘有了新学位，他无论做什么都会脱颖而出。谁知道呢，说不定我还会出演电影呢’)”可知，这位99岁的母亲对儿子做的事情非常地支持，给予了坚定的支持。故选D项。 （十）29．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, according to Grigoriev and his colleagues, it’s the surface area that stays the same. Using surface area as a guide, the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths, and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones. Unlike Leonardo’s guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks.(然而，根据格里戈里耶夫和他的同事的说法，是表面积保持不变。以表面面积为指导，新规则结合了树枝的宽度和长度，并预测长树枝最终会比短树枝更细。与莱昂纳多的猜测不同，更新后的规则在研究小组检查细桦树和强壮的橡树时都很有效)”可知，第三段提到了桦树和橡树是为了说明新规则的正确性。故选A。 （十一）31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Note,” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.”(“请注意，”研究人员写道，“在这些实验中没有一棵树受到伤害。”)”可推知，强调对树木的保护。故选B。 （十二）34．推理判断题。根据第四段“But the microbes found in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can function at cooler temperatures: They were able to break down biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, co-author Joel Rüthi and his colleagues discovered that of the total 34 types of microbes examined,19 were successfully able to break down a form of plastic called polyester-polyurethane, and 17 could break down two types of biodegradable plastic mixtures.(但在北极和瑞士阿尔卑斯山发现的微生物可以在更低的温度下工作：它们能够在59华氏度的温度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在这项新研究中，合著者Joel Rüthi和他的同事们发现，在总共34种被检测的微生物中，19种能够成功地分解一种叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17种可以分解两种可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新发现检测到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，结合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的，可推知，第4段提到了这项新研究是为了表明这一发现为更有效的系统打开了大门。故选B。 （十三）答案：C （十四）28．推理判断题。根据第一段“The IPCC (政府间气候变化专门委员会) projects that up to 90 percent of coral reefs could disappear if global warming reaches 1.5℃. Another reason corals are in trouble is because of ocean acidification. Higher carbon dioxide levels have shift ed the chemistry of the ocean, making it more acidic, and corals and sea creatures have trouble growing in acidic conditions.(政府间气候变化专门委员会预测，如果全球变暖达到1.5℃，高达90%的珊瑚礁可能会消失。珊瑚陷入困境的另一个原因是海洋酸化。更高的二氧化碳水平改变了海洋的化学成分，使其更具酸性，珊瑚和海洋生物在酸性条件下难以生长)”可知，珊瑚礁处于消失的危险中。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“The sea level has risen by an average of 20 centimeters since the late 19th century, and the research by scientists studying the last 25 years of satellite data found that the ocean water is rising faster and faster. If it continues at its current rate, the rise in sea level by 2100 will be more than double the current estimates.(自19世纪末以来，海平面平均上升了20厘米，科学家对过去25年的卫星数据进行研究后发现，海水上升的速度越来越快。如果以目前的速度继续下去，到2100年海平面的上升幅度将是目前估计的两倍多)”可知，海平面上升的速度超乎人们的想象。故选D。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Especially troubling are the extreme weather events that are happening more often around the world.(尤其令人不安的是世界各地越来越频繁发生的极端天气事件)”以及后文“The year 2017 was a busy one for Atlantic hurricanes.(2017年是大西洋飓风频发的一年)”可知，飓风的强度在增加。故划线词意思是“增加”。故选A。 （十五）（1）目的意图题。根据第二段第一句Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中阅读理解《主旨大意题》专练 一、主旨题 ① 主 题 型 : 找 中 心 思 想 ② 标 题 型 : 选 文 章 标 题 ③目的题:推断作者写作意图purpose 提向方式 what is the main idea /subject of the passage? what does this passage mainly primarily concern? The main theme this passage is? which of the following is the best title for the passage? The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is ? 二、做题方略 1. 主题句位于段首 寻找主题句有些段落，有明显的引出细节的信息词，常见的信息词有： for example. an example of. the most important example, first, second. next. then. last. to begin with. also.besides that等。 在阅读中，应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。 2. 主题句位于句末： 主题句位于句末是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法 3.主题句位于段落的中间 内容安排：次要一主要一次要。 4. 主题句隐含在段落之中 有些段落没有明显的主题句，其中心思想包含在各个句子中，这就要求读者根据已知细节，归纳出段落的中心思想。 5. 标题不可以脱离文章表达的中心意思。 三、专项练习 （一） Teens tell us about significant stresses that come with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media. Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support. Even before a social media post is made public, close friends can be pulled into photo selection, editing, and final checking. Once posts appear, friends are expected to step up and fast. Liking posts is the minimum requirement. A seventeen-year-old told how liking a friend’s post immediately set off a direct message asking her why she hadn’t commented yet. Then she had to comment on it. To many teens, the time between a message being read and commented matters a lot. Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close. But when it’s a close friend, too long a lag(间隔) can be hurtful. One teen told us, “If I don’t stay connected on the line, the friendship will fall apart.” 32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The requirement that is to be satisfied. B．The friendship that is too difficult to keep. C．The stresses that teens have to be “friendly” online. D．The burdens that adults put on the teens and peers. （二） Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth’s forests and grasslands for agriculture. With the world population expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it’s created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (板) consume available fields. Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland. 28．What problem does the first paragraph focus on? A．Losing cropland to solar panels. B．Distribution of the world population. C．Reduction in forests and grasslands. D．Competing for land between farmers. （三） But, in reality, there is still a demand for in-depth reporting. In this era of misinformation and clickbait, readers are seeking reliable sources of news that provide context, analysis, and accountability. Depth reporting explores the fundamental causes, involves multiple perspectives, and uncovers the hidden truths that shape our world, helping readers get a more comprehensive understanding of complicated matters. 34．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．People’s need for in-depth reporting is decreasing. B．Social media has played a key role in promoting hidden facts. C．Clickbait greatly increases readers’ interests in exploring truths. D．In-depth reporting can improve readers’ comprehension of complex issues. （四） There’s Nothing Wrong With Being “Undecided”. Between 20% and 50% of college freshmen enter school without a declared major. Keep in mind that there’s nothing wrong with remaining “undecided” or “undeclared” for the first few years of your college career. You can use this time to decide what you’re interested in. Also, keep in mind that even if you do declare a major your freshman year, you can always change your mind. About one-third of first-time college students change their major within three years. Even more, over 60% of college graduates say they would go back and change their major if they could, primarily to pursue their passion areas and expand their job opportunities. 36．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Most graduates went back to college and changed their majors for a brighter future. B．Most students frequently change their majors throughout their college years. C．It is all right to remain undecided on majors for only the freshman year. D．You don’t necessarily need to declare your majors upon entering college. （五） And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life. 54．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．Actively choosing activities have positive impact. B．People are satisfied with more free time to spent. C．People can make progress if they do not quit quietly. D．Too much energy may be wasted if not concerned about. （六） The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills about 167, 000 Britons yearly. Cells keep dividing throughout an organism’s life, each carrying the risk of producing a tumor. One of the body’s weapons is a gene called p53 known as the “guardian of the genome”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA. It encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from combining with others and producing tumors. 29. What can be learnt from Paragraph 4? A. How many Britons die each year. B. How the anti-cancer gene works. C. How the research was carried out. D. What the findings have been applied to. （七） Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits. For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence. Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line — especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf. 33．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The concerns of shoppers. B．The interests of companies. C．The impact of shrinkflation. D．The phenomenon of inflation. 34．What is the author’s attitude to the shrinkflation in paragraph 4? A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Unclear. 35．What should consumers do according to the last paragraph? A．Draw a bottom line. B．Put warning stickers. C．Choose smaller packs. D．Make a conscious decision. （八） In a heartwarming tale from Georgia, a 72-year-old senior recently celebrated his college graduation in cinema studies, an achievement made even more special by the presence of his proud 99-year-old mother. 24．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To provide some background. B．To tell the main idea. C．To serve as a comment. D．To offer an example. （九） The most heartwarming thing of Kaplan’s graduation day was the presence of his mother, 99-year-old Virginia Kaplan, during the ceremony. Virginia expressed her huge pride, saying, “I am so proud of him. He faced numerous challenges but insisted, and I am delighted, pleased, and extremely proud,” the mother also added. “With his new degree, he’s going to stand out in whatever he does. Who knows, I might even make an appearance in the movies.” 26．What do we infer from the last paragraph? A．The mother desires to star in a film. B．Kaplan takes much pride in himself. C．Kaplan is excellent at whatever he does. D．The mother offers the unshakeable support. （十） However, according to Grigoriev and his colleagues, it’s the surface area that stays the same. Using surface area as a guide, the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths, and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones. Unlike Leonardo’s guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks. 29．Why are birches and oaks mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To state the correctness of the new rule. B．To present Leonardo’s influential works. C．To compare the features of different trees. D．To show the popularity of Leonardo’s rule. （十一） While it’s possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand, it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs — a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike. “Note,” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.” 31．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Further experiments are required. B．The protection of trees is stressed. C．Risky accidents happened in the study. D．Trees were damaged in the experiments. （十二） But the microbes found in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can function at cooler temperatures: They were able to break down biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, co-author Joel Rüthi and his colleagues discovered that of the total 34 types of microbes examined,19 were successfully able to break down a form of plastic called polyester-polyurethane, and 17 could break down two types of biodegradable plastic mixtures. 34．Why is the new study mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To prove the microbes have an obvious taste preference. B．To show the finding opens doors to a more efficient system. C．To clarify how the process of breaking down plastics works. D．To explain why bio-recycling is better than conventional recycling. （十三） More than 80 percent of global heat is absorbed by the ocean, which has a massive capacity to store and give off heat. High sea-surface temperatures are causing long-term damage to coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Corals are dying. The IPCC (政府间气候变化专门委员会) projects that up to 90 percent of coral reefs could disappear if global warming reaches 1.5℃. Another reason corals are in trouble is because of ocean acidification. Higher carbon dioxide levels have shift ed the chemistry of the ocean, making it more acidic, and corals and sea creatures have trouble growing in acidic conditions. 28．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1? A．Global warming has little damage to the land. B．Ocean acidification affects the sea temperature. C．Coral reefs are in danger of disappearing. D．Corals and sea creatures need critical surroundings. （十四） When ocean water warms, it expands in volume. This is a major cause of the rise in sea levels, along with the water added to the ocean by the melting of land-based glaciers (冰川). The sea level has risen by an average of 20 centimeters since the late 19th century, and the research by scientists studying the last 25 years of satellite data found that the ocean water is rising faster and faster. If it continues at its current rate, the rise in sea level by 2100 will be more than double the current estimates. Sea level rise leads to the destruction of coastal wetlands, flooding and damage to water ecosystems. 29．What can be known from Paragraph 2? A．Sea level rise has positive effect on sea animals. B．By 2100 the sea level will rise 20 centimeters. C．Global heating is the direct cause of wetlands destruction. D．The rise of sea level is beyond our imagination. （十五） Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.In the case of simple rock salt，which is a rawer，less pure version of table salt，each molecule （分子） splits into smaller elements.Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. （1）What's the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2？ A．To introduce the topic. B．To give some evidence. C．To define the phenomenon. D．To reveal the misconception. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $