Unit 5 课时2 C Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 5 Natural disasters 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2. earthquake n. 地震 3. tsunami n. 海啸 4. typhoon n. 台风 5. flood n. 洪水；水灾 6. survive v. 幸存；活下来 7. warning n. 警告 8. sign n. 迹象；征兆 9. foam n. 泡沫 10. rapidly adv. 迅速地 11. warn v. 警告；告诫 12. guard n. 警卫；看守 13. urge v. 敦促；力劝 14. destroy v. 摧毁；破坏 15. injure v. 伤害；使受伤 16. injury n. 伤害；损伤 17. death n. 死亡 核心 短语 1. natural disasters 自然灾害 2. early signs 早期迹象 3. warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 4. get away 离开；逃离 5. rush up 冲向 6. lose one’s life 丧生 7. leave sb. homeless 使某人无家可归 8. come across （偶然）遇见 9. in case 以防；万一 ) 一、选词填空 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. 二、阅读理解 Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines 3．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. 三、补全对话 Complete the following sentences as required.(根据情景要求，完成句子。) Topic: Two students talking about a recent typhoon in Shanghai. Tom: Hi, Jerry. Did you hear the wind howling outside last night? It was scary. Jerry: Yes, I did. Typhoon “In-Fa“ was really strong. I couldn’t sleep well at all. Tom: Me neither. I was watching TV when the rain started pounding against the window. 1 ? (根据下文提问) Jerry: I was doing my homework in the living room when the power suddenly went out. It was pitch black! Tom: That sounds frightening. 2 ? (针对持续时间提问) Jerry: The heavy rain lasted for about five hours. The streets outside my house turned into rivers. Tom: I saw the news this morning. Many trees were blown down. 3 ? (针对原因提问) Jerry: School was cancelled today because the government issued a red warning signal. It’s too dangerous to go outside. Tom: I agree. Staying indoors is the best choice. 4 ? (一般疑问句) Jerry: No, we didn’t open any windows. We taped them up to prevent the glass from shattering. Tom: That was smart. My mom also bought a lot of food yesterday. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Jerry: We prepared flashlights, batteries, and instant noodles. You can never be too prepared for a storm. Complete the following sentences as required.(根据情景要求，完成句子。) Topic: A history student interviewing a geologist about Pompeii and volcanoes. Student: Professor, I’m reading about the ancient city of Pompeii. It’s fascinating but tragic. Professor: Indeed. It is a perfect example of nature’s power. The city was frozen in time.   Student: It’s hard to imagine a whole city disappearing in one day. 1 ? (针对起因提问) Professor: It was destroyed by the massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The volcano released tons of ash and poisonous gas into the air. Student: That sounds terrifying. 2 ? (针对时间提问) Professor: This happened in the year 79 AD．At that time, the Romans didn’t even have a word for “volcano”. Student: So they had no idea what was coming. 3 ? (一般疑问句) Professor: No, most people didn’t have enough time to escape. The cloud of hot ash moved much faster than a running person. Student: Today, we can see the shapes of the people exactly as they were. 4 ? (针对原因提问) Professor: They were preserved so well because the thick volcanic ash covered them quickly and hardened like cement, protecting them from the air. Student: Vesuvius is still an active volcano today. There are millions of people living near it in Naples. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Professor: Scientists monitor it 24 hours a day using sensors. We measure small earthquakes and gas changes to predict the next eruption before it happens. 四、语法选择 Typhoons are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in coastal areas. Last summer, a strong typhoon 1 our city suddenly. Before it arrived, the weather forecast 2 people to stay at home and close all windows tightly. When the typhoon came, the wind blew so 3 that many street signs fell down, and the rain poured heavily. Many big trees 4 by the wind. Some roads were blocked, so cars 5 pass through. A little girl was trapped in her house alone when a kind volunteer 6 and helped her get to a safe place. After the typhoon, the sun came out the next morning. People worked together 7 the mess. Many people found that their houses 8 by the strong wind. The government provided food and water for 9 who lost their homes. Although the typhoon caused much damage, 10 people got hurt because of the timely preparation. We learned that it’s important to follow the disaster safety rules before a typhoon comes. 1．A．hit B．hits C．will hit 2．A．warned B．had warned C．was warning 3．A．strongly B．strong C．stronger 4．A．were blown down B．blew down C．blow down 5．A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t 6．A．was passing by B．passed by C．had passed by 7．A．clean up B．to clean up C．cleaning up 8．A．had been destroyed B．was destroyed C．destroyed 9．A．those B．that C．this 10．A．few B．a few C．little 五、完形填空 We live on a beautiful planet, but it is also powerful and sometimes wild. To live safely and happily, we need to have a respect for nature and the 1 that shape our world. Think about a volcano. For many years, it can be quiet and peaceful. People might even build villages on its slopes because of the rich soil. But deep under the surface, great heat and pressure are building up. When the force becomes too strong, the mountain can 2 , throwing out hot rocks and ash. This shows us that nature has its own timetable, which doesn’t always match ours. Similarly, when heavy rains pour for days, rivers can rise and 3 their banks. The water can cover roads, farms, and even houses. It seems that nature is reminding us who is really in charge. We cannot stop the rain from falling, but we can learn to understand its patterns and prepare for its power. Building stronger flood walls and not building homes in low-lying areas are wise 4 .   Sometimes, the best thing we can do is simply to stand in awe of nature’s beauty and power. Watching the endless ocean waves, listening to the wind in the mountains, or looking up at the stars on a clear night can make us feel 5 . These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters. Having respect for nature doesn’t mean we are weak. It means we are wise enough to know our limits and smart enough to live in harmony with our planet. By learning, preparing, and admiring, we can build a safer and 6 future for everyone. 1．A．forces B．gardens C．stories D．rules 2．A．disappear B．explode C．arrive D．sleep 3．A．clean B．cross C．follow D．leave 4．A．games B．choices C．dreams D．prizes 5．A．bored and tired B．happy and excited C．small but connected D．strong and powerful 6．A．quieter B．slower C．brighter D．easier 六、任务型阅读 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 七、短文填空 Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms.(用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Earthquake Rescue Earthquakes are sudden and terrifying. Unlike a typhoon, an earthquake strikes without warning. It is one of the most unpredictable 1 (nature) disasters. When the ground shook violently last year in City X, many buildings collapsed. The scene was 2 (terribly). However, help came from all directions. Rescue teams worked day and night. They used search dogs and 3 (electron) sensors to find signs of life under the ruins. One moving story was about a young girl named Lily. She was trapped under a table for 24 hours. When the rescuers found her, she was weak but alive. She had a deep cut on her arm and had lost a lot of 4 (bleed). The doctors treated her 5 (immediate).   “I knew someone would come,” Lily said later. Her hope helped her survive. Her story gave strength to other 6 (survive).   In the temporary shelters, volunteers set up blue 7 (tent). They provided food, water, and blankets. Although the weather was cold, the warmth of human 8 (kind) was felt by everybody. Rebuilding the city will take a long time. The destruction of homes is heartbreaking, but the spirit of the people is 9 (break). They are determined to create a 10 (safe) and stronger city for the future. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 一、选词填空 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 二、阅读理解 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 三、补全对话 【答案】1．What were you doing when the power went out 2．How long did the heavy rain last 3．Why was school cancelled(today) 4．Did you open any windows 5．What did you/your family prepare(for the storm) 【答案】1．How was the city destroyed/What destroyed the city 2．When did this happen 3．Did most people escape/have enough time to escape 4．Why were they preserved so well 5．How do scientists monitor it/ensure safety 四、语法选择 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．A 五、完形填空 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 六、任务型阅读 【答案】1．Three main ways. 2．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 3．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 4．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 5．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 七、短文填空 【答案】 1．natural 2．terrible 3．electronic 4．blood 5．immediately 6．survivors 7．tents 8．kindness 9．unbreakable 10．safer ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2. earthquake n. 地震 3. tsunami n. 海啸 4. typhoon n. 台风 5. flood n. 洪水；水灾 6. survive v. 幸存；活下来 7. warning n. 警告 8. sign n. 迹象；征兆 9. foam n. 泡沫 10. rapidly adv. 迅速地 11. warn v. 警告；告诫 12. guard n. 警卫；看守 13. urge v. 敦促；力劝 14. destroy v. 摧毁；破坏 15. injure v. 伤害；使受伤 16. injury n. 伤害；损伤 17. death n. 死亡 核心 短语 1. natural disasters 自然灾害 2. early signs 早期迹象 3. warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 4. get away 离开；逃离 5. rush up 冲向 6. lose one’s life 丧生 7. leave sb. homeless 使某人无家可归 8. come across （偶然）遇见 9. in case 以防；万一 ) 一、选词填空 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了2024年夏天欧洲多国遭遇严重热浪，高温带来诸多问题，以及当地政府和志愿者采取的应对措施，专家呼吁保护环境以应对极端天气。 1．句意：一些地区的气温达到了45摄氏度，远高于往年平均气温。根据“The temperature in some areas...45 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示温度“达到”某一数值，描述过去发生的事件用一般过去时，选项D“reached”意为“达到”，为过去式，符合语境。 2．句意：由于高温，许多老人和孩子患上了与高温相关的疾病。根据“heat-related illnesses”可知，此处表示“患病”，时态是一般过去时，选项A“suffered from”意为“遭受，患（病）”，其中“suffered”为过去式，符合语境。 3．句意：农民们也遇到了大麻烦——由于缺少雨水，他们的庄稼干枯了，一些农场动物也因酷热而死亡。“the lack of rain”是名词短语，表示“缺少雨水”，是农作物干枯的原因。选项E“because of”意为“由于，因为”，后接名词或名词短语，符合语境。选项B“because”意为“因为”，后接句子，故排除。 4．句意：为了应对热浪，政府建议人们在一天中最热的时段待在室内，并多喝水。根据“To deal with the heatwave”可知，喝大量的水是应对高温天气的方法之一，选项C“plenty of”意为“大量的”，可修饰不可数名词“water”。 二、阅读理解 Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines 3．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃省兰州市榆中县及周边地区遭遇暴雨引发的洪水灾害，介绍了灾害造成的损失、影响以及各方救援情况。 1．第一段提到“In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!”，这直接表明有些地方15小时的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。 2．第二段“The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.”中，前文描述了洪水造成的各种破坏，接着说这些人不能轻易获得干净的水和电，所以“they”指代的是受洪水影响的人们。 3．第四段“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”中，省交通部门派机器和工人去修路，所以“diggers”应该是用于修路的机器。 4．文章先介绍了洪水造成的危害，如人员伤亡、道路损坏、人们生活受影响等，接着又讲述了很多人努力救援，省交通部门派机器和工人修路，其他工人修复水电，公司也提供帮助等情况，所以报告主要是关于洪水的危害和给予的帮助。 5．第四段提到省交通部门派了40多台大机器和200多名工人去修路，结合前文道路损坏严重以及后文“So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.”可知，作者给出机器和工人的数量是为了表明人们工作多么努力。 三、补全对话 Complete the following sentences as required.(根据情景要求，完成句子。) Topic: Two students talking about a recent typhoon in Shanghai. Tom: Hi, Jerry. Did you hear the wind howling outside last night? It was scary. Jerry: Yes, I did. Typhoon “In-Fa“ was really strong. I couldn’t sleep well at all. Tom: Me neither. I was watching TV when the rain started pounding against the window. 1 ? (根据下文提问) Jerry: I was doing my homework in the living room when the power suddenly went out. It was pitch black! Tom: That sounds frightening. 2 ? (针对持续时间提问) Jerry: The heavy rain lasted for about five hours. The streets outside my house turned into rivers. Tom: I saw the news this morning. Many trees were blown down. 3 ? (针对原因提问) Jerry: School was cancelled today because the government issued a red warning signal. It’s too dangerous to go outside. Tom: I agree. Staying indoors is the best choice. 4 ? (一般疑问句) Jerry: No, we didn’t open any windows. We taped them up to prevent the glass from shattering. Tom: That was smart. My mom also bought a lot of food yesterday. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Jerry: We prepared flashlights, batteries, and instant noodles. You can never be too prepared for a storm. 【答案】1．What were you doing when the power went out 2．How long did the heavy rain last 3．Why was school cancelled(today) 4．Did you open any windows 5．What did you/your family prepare(for the storm) 【导语】本文是一段对话。这段对话以台风“烟花”过境上海为核心话题，通过两位学生的交流，回顾了台风夜的个人经历。 1．Jerry回答停电时自己正在客厅做作业，说明Tom在询问Jerry停电时正在做什么，疑问句“What were you doing when the power went out”符合语境。 2．Jerry回答大雨持续了大约五个小时，Tom在询问大雨持续的时间，疑问句“How long did the heavy rain last”符合语境。 3．Jerry回答学校今天停课，因为政府发出了红色预警信号，说明Tom在询问学校停课的原因，疑问句“Why was school cancelled (today)”符合语境。 4．Jerry回答没有打开窗户，说明Tom在询问对方是否打开了窗户，疑问句“Did you open any windows”符合语境。 5．Jerry回答准备的物品，说明Tom在询问对方为台风做了哪些准备，疑问句“What did you/your family prepare (for the storm)”符合语境。 Complete the following sentences as required.(根据情景要求，完成句子。) Topic: A history student interviewing a geologist about Pompeii and volcanoes. Student: Professor, I’m reading about the ancient city of Pompeii. It’s fascinating but tragic. Professor: Indeed. It is a perfect example of nature’s power. The city was frozen in time.   Student: It’s hard to imagine a whole city disappearing in one day. 1 ? (针对起因提问) Professor: It was destroyed by the massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The volcano released tons of ash and poisonous gas into the air. Student: That sounds terrifying. 2 ? (针对时间提问) Professor: This happened in the year 79 AD．At that time, the Romans didn’t even have a word for “volcano”. Student: So they had no idea what was coming. 3 ? (一般疑问句) Professor: No, most people didn’t have enough time to escape. The cloud of hot ash moved much faster than a running person. Student: Today, we can see the shapes of the people exactly as they were. 4 ? (针对原因提问) Professor: They were preserved so well because the thick volcanic ash covered them quickly and hardened like cement, protecting them from the air. Student: Vesuvius is still an active volcano today. There are millions of people living near it in Naples. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Professor: Scientists monitor it 24 hours a day using sensors. We measure small earthquakes and gas changes to predict the next eruption before it happens. 【答案】1．How was the city destroyed/What destroyed the city 2．When did this happen 3．Did most people escape/have enough time to escape 4．Why were they preserved so well 5．How do scientists monitor it/ensure safety 【导语】本文是一段对话。这段对话以庞贝古城与维苏威火山为核心话题。 1．教授回答庞贝古城被毁灭的起因，疑问句“How was the city destroyed/What destroyed the city”自然引出对起因提问。 2．教授回答火山喷发发生的时间，疑问句“When did this happen”符合语境。 3．教授回答大多数人没有足够的时间逃跑，学生在询问当时人们是否有足够时间逃生，疑问句“Did most people escape/have enough time to escape”符合语境。 4．教授回答人们的形态能被完好保存的原因，疑问句“Why were they preserved so well”进行询问原因。 5．教授回答科学家们每天24小时使用传感器对其进行监测等，学生在询问如今科学家如何监测维苏威火山，疑问句“How do scientists monitor it/ensure safety”符合语境。 四、语法选择 Typhoons are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in coastal areas. Last summer, a strong typhoon 1 our city suddenly. Before it arrived, the weather forecast 2 people to stay at home and close all windows tightly. When the typhoon came, the wind blew so 3 that many street signs fell down, and the rain poured heavily. Many big trees 4 by the wind. Some roads were blocked, so cars 5 pass through. A little girl was trapped in her house alone when a kind volunteer 6 and helped her get to a safe place. After the typhoon, the sun came out the next morning. People worked together 7 the mess. Many people found that their houses 8 by the strong wind. The government provided food and water for 9 who lost their homes. Although the typhoon caused much damage, 10 people got hurt because of the timely preparation. We learned that it’s important to follow the disaster safety rules before a typhoon comes. 1．A．hit B．hits C．will hit 2．A．warned B．had warned C．was warning 3．A．strongly B．strong C．stronger 4．A．were blown down B．blew down C．blow down 5．A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t 6．A．was passing by B．passed by C．had passed by 7．A．clean up B．to clean up C．cleaning up 8．A．had been destroyed B．was destroyed C．destroyed 9．A．those B．that C．this 10．A．few B．a few C．little 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了去年夏天一场强台风袭击城市的过程，以及台风过后人们团结清理、政府提供援助的情况，强调了遵守安全规则的重要性。 1．句意：去年夏天，一场强台风突然袭击了我们的城市。 时间状语“Last summer”表示过去时间，空格处需填一般过去时的谓语动词。hit是过去式，意为“袭击”，符合语法要求。 2．句意：在它到来之前，天气预报已经警告人们待在家里并紧闭所有窗户。 动作发生在台风到来之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。had warned是过去完成时，表示在台风到来之前已经发出警告，符合语境。 3．句意：台风来临时，风刮得如此猛烈，许多路牌被吹倒，而且雨下得非常猛烈。 空格修饰动词“blew”，应用副词形式。strongly是副词，意为“猛烈地”，符合语法要求。 4．句意：许多大树被风刮倒了。 主语“Many big trees”与谓语“blow down”之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情。were blown down是一般过去时的被动语态，意为“被吹倒”，符合语境。 5．句意：一些道路被堵塞，所以汽车无法通过。 道路被堵导致汽车“不能”通过，表示能力上的不可能。couldn’t意为“不能”，表示过去的能力不可能，符合语境。 6．句意：一个小女孩独自被困在家里，这时一位好心的志愿者路过并帮助她到了安全的地方。 句子描述过去发生的动作，且“and helped”为并列谓语，时态应一致。passed by是一般过去时，意为“路过”，符合语境。 7．句意：台风过后，人们一起清理混乱的现场。 空格在“worked together”后作目的状语，表示“为了清理”，应用动词不定式。to clean up是不定式，作目的状语，符合语法。 8．句意：许多人发现他们的房屋被强风摧毁了。 房屋被摧毁发生在发现之前，即“过去的过去”，且主语“houses”与谓语“destroy”之间为被动关系。had been destroyed是过去完成时的被动语态，符合语境。 9．句意：政府为那些失去家园的人提供了食物和水。 空格在介词“for”后作宾语，且指代“失去家园的人”，应用指示代词。those意为“那些人”，可以指代复数名词，符合语境。 10．句意：虽然台风造成了很大破坏，但由于及时的准备，几乎没有人受伤。 空格修饰“people”，表示“几乎没有”，且“people”是可数名词复数。few意为“几乎没有”，表示否定意义，符合语境。 五、完形填空 We live on a beautiful planet, but it is also powerful and sometimes wild. To live safely and happily, we need to have a respect for nature and the 1 that shape our world. Think about a volcano. For many years, it can be quiet and peaceful. People might even build villages on its slopes because of the rich soil. But deep under the surface, great heat and pressure are building up. When the force becomes too strong, the mountain can 2 , throwing out hot rocks and ash. This shows us that nature has its own timetable, which doesn’t always match ours. Similarly, when heavy rains pour for days, rivers can rise and 3 their banks. The water can cover roads, farms, and even houses. It seems that nature is reminding us who is really in charge. We cannot stop the rain from falling, but we can learn to understand its patterns and prepare for its power. Building stronger flood walls and not building homes in low-lying areas are wise 4 .   Sometimes, the best thing we can do is simply to stand in awe of nature’s beauty and power. Watching the endless ocean waves, listening to the wind in the mountains, or looking up at the stars on a clear night can make us feel 5 . These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters. Having respect for nature doesn’t mean we are weak. It means we are wise enough to know our limits and smart enough to live in harmony with our planet. By learning, preparing, and admiring, we can build a safer and 6 future for everyone. 1．A．forces B．gardens C．stories D．rules 2．A．disappear B．explode C．arrive D．sleep 3．A．clean B．cross C．follow D．leave 4．A．games B．choices C．dreams D．prizes 5．A．bored and tired B．happy and excited C．small but connected D．strong and powerful 6．A．quieter B．slower C．brighter D．easier 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 【导语】本文讲述我们生活在一个美丽而充满力量的星球上，我们需要敬畏自然、与之和谐共存的道理。 1．句意：为了安全快乐地生活，我们需要敬畏自然以及塑造我们世界的力量。 根据上文提到自然的力量 (powerful) 和下文火山爆发的例子，这里指自然的力量，应用forces“力量”。garden“花园”和stories“故事”不符，rules“规则”虽有一定干扰，但全文强调自然的力量而非规则。 2．句意：当力量变得过于强大时，这座山就会爆发，喷出炽热的岩石和火山灰。 根据下文“throwing out hot rocks and ash”可知是火山爆发，应用explode“爆发”。disappear“消失”和arrive“到达”及sleep“睡觉”逻辑不符。 3．句意：同样，当大雨持续数日时，河水会上涨并漫过堤岸。 根据上下文，河水上涨会漫过堤岸，固定表达leave their banks“河水漫过堤岸”。clean“清理”、cross“穿过”、follow“跟随”均不符。 4．句意：建造更坚固的防洪墙以及不在低洼地区建房是明智的选择。 根据上下文，这些都是应对洪水的明智选择，应用choices“选择”。games“游戏”、dreams“梦想”、prizes“奖励”不符。 5．句意：观看无尽的海洋波浪，聆听山间的风声，或是在晴朗的夜晚仰望星空，会让我们感到渺小但有联系。 根据下文“These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters”可知，这些自然景观让我们感到自己渺小但与之相连，应用small but connected“渺小但有联系”。其他选项与敬畏自然的情感不符。 6．句意：通过学习、准备和欣赏，我们可以为每个人建立一个更安全、更光明的的未来。 根据全文积极向上的基调，应用brighter“更光明的”。quieter“更安静的”、slower“更慢的”、easier“更容易的”不符合全文主旨。 六、任务型阅读 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 【答案】1．Three main ways. 2．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 3．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 4．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 5．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。 1．第二段“First…”、第三段“Second…”和第四段Third…”明确指出有三种与自然灾害作斗争的主要方法。 2．第二段提到“First, we use technology to get early warnings…This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water.”，说明其目的是给人们时间做准备，如转移到更安全的地方或储存食物和水。 3．第三段提到“In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking.”，说明建筑物会稍微摇晃一下，而不会倒塌，以此来保护人们。 4．第四段提到“When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need.”，说明当大家齐心协力时，人们会变得更强大，他们可以一起进行疏散演练，互相照应，并在灾后帮助那些需要帮助的人。 5．开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合文章内容合理作答即可，注意词数要求。 七、短文填空 Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms.(用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Earthquake Rescue Earthquakes are sudden and terrifying. Unlike a typhoon, an earthquake strikes without warning. It is one of the most unpredictable 1 (nature) disasters. When the ground shook violently last year in City X, many buildings collapsed. The scene was 2 (terribly). However, help came from all directions. Rescue teams worked day and night. They used search dogs and 3 (electron) sensors to find signs of life under the ruins. One moving story was about a young girl named Lily. She was trapped under a table for 24 hours. When the rescuers found her, she was weak but alive. She had a deep cut on her arm and had lost a lot of 4 (bleed). The doctors treated her 5 (immediate).   “I knew someone would come,” Lily said later. Her hope helped her survive. Her story gave strength to other 6 (survive).   In the temporary shelters, volunteers set up blue 7 (tent). They provided food, water, and blankets. Although the weather was cold, the warmth of human 8 (kind) was felt by everybody. Rebuilding the city will take a long time. The destruction of homes is heartbreaking, but the spirit of the people is 9 (break). They are determined to create a 10 (safe) and stronger city for the future. 【答案】 1．natural 2．terrible 3．electronic 4．blood 5．immediately 6．survivors 7．tents 8．kindness 9．unbreakable 10．safer 【导语】本文通过讲述X市地震后的救援与重建故事，展现了地震的突发性与破坏性，同时歌颂了救援人员的奉献、幸存者的希望，以及人间温情与重建家园的坚定信念。 1．句意：它是最不可预测的自然灾害之一。句中“disasters”是名词，需要形容词来修饰，用natural。 2．句意：场面非常可怕。句中“was”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，用terrible。 3．句意：他们使用搜救犬和电子传感器来寻找废墟下的生命迹象。句中“sensors”是名词，需要形容词来修饰，用electronic。 4．句意：她胳膊上有一道很深的伤口，流了很多血。“a lot of”后接名词，blood“血液”，是不可数名词。 5．句意：医生立刻治疗了她。句中“treated”是动词，需要副词来修饰，用immediately。 6．句意：她的故事给了其他幸存者力量。“other”后接可数名词复数，用survivors。 7．句意：在临时避难所，志愿者们搭建了蓝色的帐篷。此处表示搭建多个帐篷，用复数形式tents。 8．句意：尽管天气寒冷，每个人都感受到了人间的温暖善意。“human”后接名词，kindness“善意，善良”，是不可数名词。 9．句意：家园的毁灭令人心碎，但人们的精神是坚不可摧的。句中“is”是be动词，后接形容词作表语，unbreakable意为“坚不可摧的”，形容人的精神。 10．句意：他们决心为未来创造一个更安全、更强大的城市。句中“stronger”是形容词比较级，and连接并列结构，safe的比较级形式为safer。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $