Unit 2 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 参考答案 一、选词填空 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A Passage 2 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 三、语法选择 Passage 1 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B Passage 2 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 四、完形填空 Passage 1 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D Passage 2 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 五、任务型阅读 Passage 1 1．In 1958. 2．For fun and to show off their skills. 3．Ralph Bear. 4．People can also use video games in other ways besides having fun. 5．We can use video games to help us learn knowledge, such as English words, maths or geography. Doctors can use games to treat children with brain injuries. Passage 2 1．Two. 2．They can be used to send food and water, fly into dangerous buildings to search for survivors, help firefighters find and fight wildfires, and send medicine to people in need in faraway places. 3．It refers to social media. 4．It helped raise a lot of money for Henan. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think satellite technology can help us. It can monitor the situation of disaster areas in real time and provide accurate information for rescue work. 六、短文填空 Passage 1 1．easier 2．began 3．in 4．introduced 5．but 6．Visiting 7．to learn 8．was invited 9．represented 10．How Passage 2 1．inventions 2．was used 3．discovered 4．became 5．has been used 6．helps 7．quickly 8．include 9．better 10．are being created ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Great inventions and discoveries 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现；发觉（指首次发现或找到某物） 2. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明；创造（指通过创意设计出的新事物） 3. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/n. （复数）细菌（微生物，部分对人体有害） 4. mould /məʊld/n. 霉；霉菌（生长在潮湿物体表面的微生物） 5. medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医学的；医疗的（与医疗、医学相关的） 6. treat /tri:t/v. 医治；治疗（针对疾病进行医疗护理） 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的；严肃的（形容病情、情况等程度深） 8. award /əˈwɔ:d/v. 颁奖；授予（因成就、贡献等给予荣誉或奖励） 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做；义务做（主动无偿参与某事） 10. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/n. 实验；试验（为验证想法进行的操作） 核心短语 1. by accident 偶然；意外地（强调无预期的发生） 2. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是（引出意外的情况） 3. turn ... into 使…… 变成（将某物转化为另一种形态或性质） 4. lead to 导致；引起（引发某种结果或后果） 5. play a role in 在…… 中起作用（对某事产生影响或发挥作用） ) 一、选词填空 A．skin     B．invention     C．method     D．discovery     E.afford When you hold a book in your hands, please stop and think. It is the result of thousands of years of human 1 . First came the invention of writing. With it, people didn’t have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people they never saw and share their knowledge with others. Later, the Greeks invented books with lots of pages to replace scrolls (卷轴). For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal 2 . That changed in the thirteenth century. The Chinese invented the 3 of making paper. After that, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. The invention of the printing press made it possible for more people to 4 books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more stories are bought as e-books and read on a screen. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了书籍的发展历史，从文字的发明、卷轴到纸质书籍，再到印刷术的出现，以及电子书的兴起，展现了人类发明如何推动知识传播和阅读方式的变化。 1．句意：它是人类数千年发明的结果。根据“First came the invention of writing.”可知，下文提到了文字的发明、书籍的出现等，因此这里指的是人类的“发明”。方框中invention意为“发明”，符合语境。故填B。 2．句意：在一千多年的时间里，书籍的书页是由动物皮制成的。根据“the pages of books were made from animal...”可知，这里指古代书页的制作材料是动物皮，方框中skin意为“皮；皮肤”，符合语境，animal skin表示“动物皮”。故填A。 3．句意：中国人发明了造纸的方法。根据“The Chinese invented the... of making paper”可知，这里指发明了造纸的方法，方框中method意为“方法”，符合语境，the method of making paper表示“造纸的方法”。故填C。 4．句意：印刷机的发明使更多的人能够买得起书成为可能。根据“Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive.”可知，之前的书很贵，印刷术发明后书变得更便宜，因此更多的人可以“买得起”。方框中afford意为“买得起；承担得起”，符合语境。 故填E。 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 Here’s how to make a model submarine (潜水艇) that dives (潜水) and comes up from underwater like a real one. You’ll need ●Plastic bottle   ●Tape (胶带)   ●Thin rubber (橡胶的) or plastic tube (管子) ●Waterproof (防水的) modeling clay (黏土)—not real clay, which dissolves (溶解) in water ●Small scissors  ●Bathtub (浴盆) (1) Cut two small holes on one side of the bottle. Tape coins to that side of the bottle. Remove (摘下) cap, seal (密封) the tube to the bottle with clay. (2) Fill tub with water; put bottle in and let it fill with water. (3) Gently blow into the tube and observe (观察) what happens. Stop blowing and close the tube with your thumb (大拇指). Lift your thumb and watch what happens. What happened? When you blow, air pushes out water, the bottle becomes lighter and rises. Bottle sinks (下沉) when it fills with water and coins weigh it down. Coins keep holes pointing downward, so air does not escape. When you stop blowing and seal (密封) the tube with your thumb, the bottle floats. Lift your thumb, air escapes (逸出) through the tube and the bottle sinks (下沉). A real submarine works this way, by filling tanks with air or water. 1．The experiment shows how to make a ________. A．plastic bottle B．model submarine C．real clay D．rubber boat 2．The following materials are needed to make a model submarine EXCEPT ________. A．a plastic tube B．real clay C．tape D．scissors 3．If you blow into the tube, ________. A．the bottle will fill with water B．the bottle will be empty C．the bottle will spin D．the bottle will rise 4．The way to make the bottle sink is to ________. A．tape the holes B．keep sealing the tube C．fill it with water D．blow more air in 5．Mary made a model submarine, but it can’t float. What might be the problem? A．She cut holes on opposite sides of the bottle. B．She taped coins to the bottle. C．She blew too much air into the bottle. D．She used waterproof modeling clay. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了如何制作一个潜水艇模型。 1．细节理解题。根据“Here’s how to make a model submarine (潜水艇) that dives (潜水) and comes up from underwater like a real one.”可知，这个实验展示了如何制作一个模型潜水艇。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“You’ll need”部分的“Waterproof (防水的) modeling clay (黏土)—not real clay, which dissolves (溶解) in water”可知，制作材料需要的是防水模型黏土，而不是真黏土，因此，真黏土不是所需材料。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you blow, air pushes out water, the bottle becomes lighter and rises.”可知，当你往管子里吹气时，空气把水排出去，瓶子变轻，就会上升。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Bottle sinks (下沉) when it fills with water and coins weigh it down.”可知，让瓶子下沉的方法是往里面装满水，同时硬币会增加它的重量。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“Coins keep holes pointing downward, so air does not escape.”以及“Cut two small holes on one side of the bottle. Tape coins to that side of the bottle…”可知，硬币的作用是让孔朝下，防止空气逸出，从而让瓶子浮起来，如果Mary把孔剪在了瓶子的对面，空气就会逸出，导致瓶子无法浮起。故选A。 Passage 2 Young Inventors Challenge (YIC)Our invention competition encourages students to work as a team to find new ways to solve today’s problems. By taking part in YIC, students would develop their problem-solving skills. YIC hopes to develop future inventors to be the active change makers of tomorrow. Who can take part in it? •teams of 2 to 5 young people aged between 13 and 17 from all over the world. What do the teams have to do? The theme is “Invention to solve environmental problems”. You’re required to invent a product that can help protect the environment. 100 teams will enter the final competition and they are required to invent and produce a working model. How can you take part in it? 1．What do we know about YIC? A．It is held for future plans. B．It is for college students. C．It is an invention competition. D．It also accepts single players. 2．What should the teams do after they register online? A．Check the list. B．Hand in their plans. C．Develop the invention ideas. D．Start making the working model. 3．Who can take part in the competition? A．13-year-old Meimei and her parents. B．Xiao Ming, 12, from Beijing, China. C．A group of 6 students aged 15 from Australia. D．Sam, 17, from China and Jack, 17, from America. 4．In the final competition, the teams need to ________. A．solve a big problem B．make working models C．work with other teams D．give a 10-minute speech 5．The text is probably a ________. A．poster B．report C．poem D．diary 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一则关于青少年发明比赛的通知，介绍了比赛的主题、参赛对象、参赛方式及奖励。 1．细节理解题。根据“Our invention competition encourages students to work as a team to find new ways to solve today’s problems.”可知，这是个发明比赛，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据插图步骤，报名(注册)后紧接着是“Develop an invention idea online(在线完善发明创意)”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“teams of 2 to 5 young people aged between 13 and 17 from all over the world.”可知，参赛者须为13至17岁的2-5人小组，选项D中两人均17岁且是一个小组，符合要求，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“100 teams will enter the final competition and they are required to invent and produce a working model.”可知，参赛者要制作可运行的模型，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据文中形式(带有说明性的图片、步骤、奖项等)，最有可能是个宣传海报(poster)，故选A。 三、语法选择 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” The 1 inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is 2 great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite 3 a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. Since then, this simple rod 4 thousands of buildings from lightning fires. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost 5 life while testing this invention. 6 he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people toward certain 7 . Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and 8 , was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? Night after night he was watching the stars while others 9 . Finally, he drew China’s first star map and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues 10 scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．at B．opposite C．during 4．A．saved B．has saved C．will save 5．A．his B．him C．he 6．A．But B．Although C．Because 7．A．goals B．goal’s C．goal 8．A．invent B．invention C．inventor 9．A．slept B．were sleeping C．sleep 10．A．influence B．to influence C．influencing 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文以爱因斯坦的话开篇，借富兰克林、万户、张衡的事例，说明好奇心是发明创造的关键，推动探索与进步。 1．句意：没有好奇心，历史上最伟大的发明就不可能存在。 great极好的，形容词；greater更好的，形容词的比较级；greatest最好的，形容词的最高级。根据“in history”可知，此处表示多者以上范围最突出的事，所以使用最高级。故选C。 2．句意：本杰明·富兰克林就是一个很好的例子。 a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前；the这/那，定冠词。根据“Benjamin Franklin is...great example.”可知，本杰明·富兰克林就是“一个”很好的例子。great以辅音音素/ɡ/开头，所以使用a。故选A。 3．句意：他在暴风雨中放风筝。 at在(某处/时刻)；opposite在……对面；during在……期间。根据“he flew a kite...a storm.”可知，他“在”暴风雨“期间”放风筝。故选C。 4．句意：从那以后，这个简单的避雷针已经拯救了成千上万座建筑物免遭闪电引发的火灾。 saved拯救，过去式/过去分词；has saved已经拯救，现在完成时；will save将会拯救，一般将来时。根据“Since”可知，此处使用现在完成时。故选B。 5．句意：他在测试这项发明时失去了他的生命。 his他的，形容词性/名词性物主代词；him他，宾格；he他，主格。根据“He lost...life while testing this invention.”可知，他在测试这项发明时失去了“他的”生命。此处需使用形容词性物主代词his，修饰后面的名词life。故选A。 6．句意：尽管他失败了，但他的梦想为许多现代火箭科学家提供了思路。 But但是；Although尽管；Because因为。根据“...he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists.”可知，“尽管”他失败了，但他的梦想为许多现代火箭科学家提供了思路。故选B。 7．句意：它也推动人们朝着特定的目标前进。 goals目标，名词复数；goal’s目标的，名词单数所有格；goal目标，名词单数。根据“It also drives people toward certain...”可知，它也推动人们朝着特定的“目标”前进。此处目标不止一个，所以使用复数goals。故选A。 8．句意：中国科学家兼发明家张衡对世界充满好奇：世界上的万物是如何运动的？ invent发明，动词；invention发明/发明物，名词；inventor发明家，名词。根据“Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and...”可知，张衡是一个中国科学家和“发明家”。故选C。 9．句意：一夜又一夜，当别人入睡时，他在观测星空。 slept睡觉，过去式/过去分词；were sleeping正在睡觉，过去进行时；sleep睡觉，动词原形/名词。根据“he was watching the stars while others...”可知，while引导时间状语从句时，常用来对比两个同时发生的过去动作，主句用过去进行时was/were+doing，从句也需用过去进行时。故选B。 10．句意：他的好奇心继续影响着今天的科学家。 influence影响，动词原形/名词；to influence去影响，动词不定式；influencing影响，现在分词/动名词。continue to do sth.表示“(从过去的行为)延续到现在产生新的影响”，此处指张衡的好奇心对现今科学家产生影响(并非同一动作的持续)，因此用动词不定式to influence。故选B。 Passage 2 Last month, a major scientific discovery in artificial intelligence 1 the National Innovation Prize. The invention—an intelligent learning system—didn’t happen 2 accident. A research team worked hard for over five years before they finally succeeded. This system is designed to help students learn more efficiently. It can process 3 pieces of learning information and spread much knowledge in a more vivid and understandable way. For example, it uses virtual reality to 4 students to “travel” inside a cell or “walk” on Mars. Teachers can use it to make 5 easier to explain difficult concepts. What’s more, the system encourages students to learn by themselves. They can imagine 6 their own science projects or doing experiments in a simulated lab. It offers 7 every day—maybe a challenging maths game or an interesting historical story. 8 encouraging it is to see technology changing education! This system is even 9 than we thought. It hardly leaves any student behind—whether they learn fast 10 need more time. We’re living in a wonderful time full of creativity and discoveries. Maybe one day, you will also create something important that helps people around the world! 1．A．awarded B．is awarded C．was awarded 2．A．in B．by C．on 3．A．thousands of B．thousand of C．several thousands of 4．A．allow B．make C．let 5．A．that B．it C．this 6．A．design B．to design C．designing 7．A．something exciting B．exciting something C．anything exciting 8．A．What B．How C．What an 9．A．powerful B．more powerful C．much powerful 10．A．and B．so C．or 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项获得国家创新奖的人工智能学习系统的科学发现。该系统能帮助学生高效学习，通过虚拟现实等技术实现沉浸式教学，并鼓励学生自主学习。 1．句意：上个月，一项人工智能领域的重大科学发现被授予国家创新奖。 awarded过去式和过去分词；is awarded一般现在时的被动语态；was awarded一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Last month”可知，时态是一般过去时；主语“a major scientific discovery”是动词的承受者，应用被动语态，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 2．句意：这项发明 ——一个智能学习系统——并非偶然出现。 in在……里面；by通过；on在……上面。by accident意为“偶然地”，为固定搭配。故选B。 3．句意：它能处理成千上万条学习信息，并以更生动易懂的方式传播大量知识。 thousands of成千上万的；thousand of错误表达；several thousands of错误表达。当thousand与of连用时，需用复数形式，thousands of表示模糊概念，其前不能加several。故选A。 4．句意：例如，它使用虚拟现实让学生在细胞内“旅行”或在火星上“行走”。 allow允许；make使、让；let让。根据空格后的“students to ‘travel’”可知，此处应用allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，而make和let后接sb. do sth.结构。故选A。 5．句意：老师们可以用它让讲解难懂的概念变得更容易。 that那个；it它；this这个。根据“Teachers can use it to make...easier to explain difficult concepts.”可知，空格处应选it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to explain difficult concepts。故选B。 6．句意：他们可以想象设计自己的科学项目，或在模拟实验室里做实验。 design动词原形；to design动词不定式；designing现在分词和动名词。imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”，为固定搭配。故选C。 7．句意：它每天都会提供一些令人兴奋的内容——也许是一个有挑战性的数学游戏，或是一个有趣的历史故事。 something exciting令人兴奋的事情；exciting something错误表达；anything exciting任何令人兴奋的事情。something和anything都是复合不定代词，修饰成分需置于其后，所以选项B错误；something常用于肯定句，anything常用于否定句和疑问句，根据“It offers...every day”可知，这是一个肯定句，所以something exciting符合语境。故选A。 8．句意：看到科技改变教育，这是多么鼓舞人心啊！ What引导感叹句时，修饰名词；How引导感叹句时，修饰形容词和副词；What an引导感叹句时，修饰单数可数名词。根据空格后的“encouraging it is to see technology changing education!”可知，此感叹句的中心词是形容词encouraging，应用How引导此感叹句。故选B。 9．句意：这个系统甚至比我们想象的更强大。 powerful形容词原级；more powerful形容词比较级；much powerful错误表达（much通常不修饰形容词原级）。根据空格后的“than”可知，空格处应用比较级。故选B。 10．句意：它几乎不让任何一个学生掉队——无论他们学得快还是需要更多时间。 and和；so所以；or或、还是。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定搭配，用于连接两种相反或不同的情况。故选C。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Have you ever wanted to send a message to your future self? Or let people 50 years from now know what your life is like today? There’s a fun way to do this—it’s called a “time capsule”! People often 1 small groups of things or information and put them in a safe place. One of the earliest time capsules was the Detroit (底特律) Century Box. On December 31, 1900, the city put several photos and letters in a box. The box wasn’t opened 2 people took it out on December 31, 2000. The things inside the capsule gave us a look at Detroit in the past. There were photos of people and places, as well as letters written by local people. Some of them also made 3 predictions for the future. For example, one person predicted that Detroit would have a population of 4 million by 2000. But 4 , the population of the city was 951,000 that year. Humans have 5 sent time capsules into space! The US sent two capsules into space on the Voyager spacecraft in 1977. They’re called the Voyager Golden Records. They contain 6 and pictures that show human life and culture. For example, they have music by classical musician Beethoven and pictures of plants, insects and landscapes. The Voyager spacecraft has traveled far away from our solar system. It is hoped that aliens (外星人) might find the time capsules someday and learn about humans. 1．A．display B．collect C．send D．hide 2．A．until B．when C．after D．since 3．A．rare B．ordinary C．surprising D．right 4．A．in fact B．at first C．in total D．at last 5．A．never B．even C．hardly D．seldom 6．A．letters B．movies C．books D．sounds 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“时间胶囊”的定义、早期实例，以及人类甚至将时间胶囊送入太空的情况，说明时间胶囊是记录当下生活、传递给未来的一种方式。 1．句意：人们通常收集一小部分物品或信息，把它们放在安全的地方。 display展示；collect收集；send发送；hide隐藏。根据“...small groups of things or information and put them in a safe place”可知，时间胶囊的核心操作是“收集”物品后存放，故选B。 2．句意：这个盒子直到2000年12月31日人们把它拿出来才被打开。 until直到；when当……时；after在……后；since自从。根据“The box wasn’t opened... people took it out on December 31, 2000.”可知，盒子到2000年才被打开，“not...until”是固定搭配，意为“直到……才”，故选A。 3．句意：有些人还对未来做了令人惊讶的预测。 rare稀有的；ordinary普通的；surprising令人惊讶的；right正确的。后文提到“For example, one person predicted that Detroit would have a population of 4 million by 2000... the population of the city was 951,000 that year.”，这种偏差较大的预测是“令人惊讶的”，故选C。 4．句意：但事实上，那一年这座城市的人口是951000。 in fact事实上；at first起初；in total总共；at last最后。根据“For example, one person predicted that Detroit would have a population of 4 million by 2000... the population of the city was 951,000 that year.”，可知前文是“预测”，此处是实际情况，用“in fact”衔接预测与现实的差异，故选A。 5．句意：人类甚至把时间胶囊送入太空！ never从不；even甚至；hardly几乎不；seldom很少。根据“The US sent two capsules into space on the Voyager spacecraft in 1977.”可知是把时间胶囊送入了太空。此处是从“地面时间胶囊”到“太空时间胶囊”的递进，用“even”强调行为的延伸，故选B。 6．句意：它们包含展示人类生活和文化的声音和图片。 letters信件；movies电影；books书籍；sounds声音。后文提到“they have music by classical musician Beethoven”，音乐属于“声音”范畴，故选D。 Passage 2 Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Have you ever heard that some of the world’s most important discoveries happen by accident? The story of penicillin (青霉素) is one such example. This life-saving 1 was discovered through a lucky accident by a scientist named Alexander Fleming. In September 1928, Fleming was working in his laboratory in London. He was studying staphylococcus bacteria (葡萄球菌)，which can cause serious 2 in people. They felt weak. Before leaving for a vacation, he left some polluted dishes with bacteria in his lab by chance. When he returned, he noticed something 3 . A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died. Instead of throwing away the polluted dish, Fleming became very 4 . He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria. He decided to test this idea by doing more experiments. He found that the mold juice was indeed very effective at 5 harmful bacteria. He named this amazing mold “penicillin”. What made penicillin so special was that it could kill bacteria without harming human cells. This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people. Fleming’s discovery opened a new chapter in medicine-the age of antibiotics (抗生素). It completely changed how doctors treat bacteria and has 6 countless lives around the world. This wonderful story teaches us that in science, keeping an open mind and being curious can sometimes lead to amazing discoveries that change the world. 1．A．food B．medicine C．drink D．plant 2．A．illness B．challenges C．accidents D．disasters 3．A．usual B．strange C．wrong D．missing 4．A．angry B．curious C．tired D．worried 5．A．helping B．growing C．destroying D．finding 6．A．saved B．supported C．lost D．taken 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文讲述了青霉素这一重要医学发现的传奇故事。 1．句意：这种救命的药物是科学家亚历山大·弗莱明通过一次幸运的意外发现的。 food食物；medicine药物；drink饮料；plant植物。根据前文“penicillin（青霉素）”可知，青霉素是一种药物，故选B。 2．句意：他正在研究葡萄球菌，这种细菌会导致人们患上严重的疾病。 illness疾病；challenges挑战；accidents事故；disasters灾难。根据“staphylococcus bacteria（葡萄球菌）”可知，葡萄球菌会引发疾病，故选A。 3．句意：当他回来时，他注意到一些奇怪的事情。 usual平常的；strange奇怪的；wrong错误的；missing失踪的。根据后文“A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died.”可知，盘子上长出了青绿霉菌，且周围细菌都死了，这是奇怪的现象，故选B。 4．句意：弗莱明没有扔掉被污染的盘子，而是变得非常好奇。 angry生气的；curious好奇的；tired疲倦的；worried担心的。根据后文“He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria.”可知，他对青绿霉菌能杀死细菌这件事感到好奇，故选B。 5．句意：他发现霉菌汁在消灭有害细菌方面确实非常有效。 helping帮助；growing生长；destroying消灭；finding发现。根据前文“the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria”可知，这里说的是霉菌汁能消灭有害细菌，故选C。 6．句意：它彻底改变了医生治疗细菌的方式，并且拯救了世界各地无数人的生命。 saved拯救；supported支持；lost失去；taken拿走。根据前文“This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people.”可知，青霉素能安全治疗病人，所以拯救了很多生命，故选A。 五、任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 It seems like everyone plays video games today. Kids play, parents play, even grandparents play. In fact, more than half of the families in the United States today play video games. However, video games haven’t been around for a long time. People created the first computer game in 1958. At that time, few people had computers at their homes. Computer programmers (程序员), or people working on the computers in labs (实验室), made games for fun and to show off their skills. Later, a programmer named Ralph Bear began to think about how to play video games at home. He created a home game console (游戏机) that let people play video games on TVs. After that, many people began designing home game consoles. In the late 1980s, handheld games also became popular. As technology developed and more people had computers, the number of games grew. People played sports games, puzzle games (益智游戏) and role-playing games. Then people started playing games online. In online games, lots of people in different places could play a game together. Besides having fun, people can also use video games in other ways. You may have played games that help you remember English words. Some games also help you learn maths or geography. Doctors can even use games to treat children with brain injuries (脑损伤). Video games have changed a lot in the past 60 years. They are not only something to help you have fun but also a tool that helps you develop problem-solving skills and creativity. It all depends on how you use them. 1．When did people create the first computer game? 2．Why did computer programmers make games at first? 3．Who first created a home game console that let people play video games on TVs? 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? 5．How can we use video games in a good way? 【答案】 1．In 1958. 2．For fun and to show off their skills. 3．Ralph Bear. 4．People can also use video games in other ways besides having fun. 5．We can use video games to help us learn knowledge, such as English words, maths or geography. Doctors can use games to treat children with brain injuries. 【导语】本文主要讲述了电子游戏的发展历程，包括其起源、家用游戏机的出现、游戏类型的增多、在线游戏的兴起，以及电子游戏在娱乐之外的其他用途，如帮助学习、治疗疾病等。 1．根据第二段“People created the first computer game in 1958.”可知，人们在1958年创造了第一款电脑游戏。故填In 1958. 2．根据第二段“Computer programmers (程序员), or people working on the computers in labs (实验室), made games for fun and to show off their skills.”可知，电脑程序员最初制作游戏是为了好玩和展示他们的技能。故填For fun and to show off their skills. 3．根据第三段“Later, a programmer named Ralph Bear began to think about how to play video games at home. He created a home game console (游戏机) that let people play video games on TVs.”可知，一个名叫Ralph Bear的程序员首先创造了一个家用游戏机，让人们可以在电视上玩电子游戏。故填Ralph Bear. 4．根据第五段“Besides having fun, people can also use video games in other ways. You may have played games that help you remember English words. Some games also help you learn maths or geography. Doctors can even use games to treat children with brain injuries (脑损伤).”可知，第五段主要讲述了电子游戏除了娱乐之外的其他用途，如帮助记忆英语单词、学习数学或地理，甚至治疗脑损伤儿童。故填People can also use video games in other ways besides having fun. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为We can use video games to help us learn knowledge, such as English words, maths or geography. Doctors can use games to treat children with brain injuries. Passage 2 Nowadays, we have kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon and the flood, will hit. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters. The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send food and water when a natural disaster happens. Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue teams to get in. They can make the drones fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. The drones are also a useful tool for firemen, helping them find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people in need. Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With it, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations. Social media is also a place for up—to—date (最新的) news, so people can learn what is going on in the disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to raise money for those in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to normal life as soon as possible. For example, livestreaming (直播) is one of the most popular social media platforms. It helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. These technologies can help when there is a natural disaster, but we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 1．How many kinds of technologies are talked about in the passage? 2．What can the drones do after disasters? 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? 4．How did livestreaming help Henan after the flood? 5．What other technologies do you think can help us in disasters? 【答案】 1．Two. 2．They can be used to send food and water, fly into dangerous buildings to search for survivors, help firefighters find and fight wildfires, and send medicine to people in need in faraway places. 3．It refers to social media. 4．It helped raise a lot of money for Henan. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think satellite technology can help us. It can monitor the situation of disaster areas in real time and provide accurate information for rescue work. 【导语】本文介绍了无人机和社交媒体这两种能在自然灾害中为人们提供各类帮助的技术，同时指出我们仍需做好自身的防灾准备、掌握自救技能。 1．根据第二段“The drone is one of them.”和第三段“Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters.”可知，文章中提到了无人机和社交媒体两种技术。故填Two. 2．根据第二段“It can be used to send food and water when a natural disaster happens.”、“They can make the drones fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first.”、“The drones are also a useful tool for firemen, helping them find and fight wildfires.”和“In some faraway places, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people in need.”可知，灾难后无人机可以运送食物和水、搜寻幸存者、帮助消防员发现并扑灭野火、给有需要的人运送药品。故填They can be used to send food and water, fly into dangerous buildings to search for survivors, help firefighters find and fight wildfires, and send medicine to people in need in faraway places. 3．根据第三段“Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With it, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit.”可知，第三段中划线的“it”指的是社交媒体。故填It refers to social media. 4．根据第四段“For example, livestreaming is one of the most popular social media platform. It helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可知，直播在河南洪水后为当地筹集了很多钱。故填It helped raise a lot of money for Henan. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think satellite technology can help us. It can monitor the situation of disaster areas in real time and provide accurate information for rescue work. 六、短文填空 Passage 1 Paper money has a long history in China. It was first used in the Song Dynasty and it made trade much 1 (easy) than before. At that time, people 2 (begin) to trade goods with paper money instead of heavy coins. In ancient China, shells once served as the earliest form of currency. Can you find the character “贝” in the word “贩”? This shows how shells were connected with trade in the old days. Later, some ancient Chinese coins were made 3 the shape of knives or spades. In 221 BCE, Qinshihuang unified China and he 4 (introduce) round coins with a square hole in the center. These coins became the main form of currency for a long time. Today, we use digital currency more and more often. We seldom pay with paper money now, 5 we can still learn a lot from ancient currency. 6 (visit) a history museum is a good way 7 (learn) about the development of Chinese currency. Last week, I 8 (invite) to my friend’s home. His grandpa showed us a collection of old stamps. The stamps 9 (represent) different kinds of ancient Chinese currency. We had a great time talking about the stories behind them. From shells to digital currency, the changes of money show how society develops. 10 interesting the history of currency is! 【答案】 1．easier 2．began 3．in 4．introduced 5．but 6．Visiting 7．to learn 8．was invited 9．represented 10．How 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国货币的发展历史，从贝壳、铜钱到纸币，再到如今的数字货币，展现了货币变迁与社会发展的关联。 1．句意：它最早在宋朝使用，让贸易比以前容易得多。根据“it made trade much…than before”可知，“than”提示用比较级，“easy”的比较级是“easier”。故填easier。 2．句意：那时，人们开始用纸币而不是沉重的铜钱来交易商品。根据“At that time, people… to trade goods with paper money instead of heavy coins”可知，“At that time”表示过去，用一般过去时，“begin”的过去式是“began”。故填began。 3．句意：后来，一些中国古代铜钱被制成刀或铲的形状。根据“some ancient Chinese coins were made…the shape of knives or spades”可知，“in the shape of”是固定短语，意为“呈……的形状”，填“in”。故填in。 4．句意：公元前221年，秦始皇统一中国，他引入了中间有方孔的圆形铜钱。根据“Qinshihuang unified China and he…round coins with a square hole in the center”可知，此处描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，“introduce”的过去式是“introduced”。故填introduced。 5．句意：我们现在很少用纸币，但我们仍然能从古代货币中学到很多。根据“We seldom pay with paper money now,…we can still learn a lot from ancient currency”可知，前后句是转折关系，用连词“but”。故填but。 6．句意：参观历史博物馆是了解中国货币发展的好方法。根据“…a history museum is a good way…about the development of Chinese currency”可知，此处作主语，用动名词“Visiting”。故填Visiting。 7．句意：参观历史博物馆是了解中国货币发展的好方法。根据“a good way…about the development of Chinese currency”可知，“a way to do sth.”是固定结构。故填to learn。 8．句意：上周，我被邀请去我朋友家。根据“Last week, I…to my friend’s home”可知，“I”和“invite”是被动关系，且“Last week”提示用一般过去时的被动语态“was invited”。故填was invited。 9．句意：这些邮票代表了不同种类的古代货币。根据“The stamps…different kinds of ancient currency”可知，主语“stamps”是复数，一般过去时中“represent”的过去式是“represented”。故填represented。 10．句意：货币的历史多么有趣啊！根据“…interesting the history of currency is!”可知，这是感叹句，中心词是形容词“interesting”，用“How”引导。故填How。 Passage 2 The zipper is one of the most useful 1 (invent) in the world. It was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. At first, it 2 (use) on shoes and bags. Today, it can be seen everywhere, on clothes, bags and even tents. Do you know that tea was invented by accident? It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong first 3 (discover) tea as a drink. He was boiling water over an open fire when some tea leaves fell into the water. He tasted it and found it very delicious. Later, tea 4 (become) a popular drink in the world. The abacus is a traditional Chinese invention. It 5 (use) for counting for over 2,000 years. It is easy to use and still 6 (help) people work out math problems 7 (quick) now. Thomas Edison is a great inventor. He invented more than 1,000 things during his life. His most famous inventions 8 (include) the light bulb and the phonograph. He once said that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Every invention makes our life 9 (good). And new inventions 10 (create) all the time to make the world a more comfortable place to live in. 【答案】 1．inventions 2．was used 3．discovered 4．became 5．has been used 6．helps 7．quickly 8．include 9．better 10．are being created 【导语】本文介绍了拉链、茶、算盘等发明，说明了发明如何让生活更美好，并指出新发明不断涌现。 1．句意：拉链是世界上最有用的发明之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，invent的名词形式是invention，复数为inventions。故填inventions。 2．句意：起初，它被用在鞋子和包上。主语it和use是被动关系，且时间是1893年，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was used。 3．句意：据说，一位名叫神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。故事发生在过去，用一般过去时，discover的过去式是discovered。故填discovered。 4．句意：后来，茶成了世界上受欢迎的饮品。描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，become的过去式是became。故填became。 5．句意：它被用于计数已经有2000多年了。“for over 2,000 years”是现在完成时的标志，且abacus和use是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been used。 6．句意：它易于使用，现在仍然帮助人们快速算出数学题。and连接并列谓语，前半句用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，help用第三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。 7．句意：它易于使用，现在仍然帮助人们快速算出数学题。修饰动词短语work out要用副词，quick的副词形式是quickly。故填quickly。 8．句意：他最著名的发明包括电灯泡和留声机。主语inventions是复数，句子用一般现在时，谓语用include。故填include。 9．句意：每一项发明都让我们的生活变得更好。此处暗含与过去的比较，用good的比较级better。故填better。 10．句意：新发明一直在被创造，以使世界成为更舒适的居住地。“all the time”表示动作持续进行，且inventions和create是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being created。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Great inventions and discoveries 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现；发觉（指首次发现或找到某物） 2. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明；创造（指通过创意设计出的新事物） 3. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/n. （复数）细菌（微生物，部分对人体有害） 4. mould /məʊld/n. 霉；霉菌（生长在潮湿物体表面的微生物） 5. medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医学的；医疗的（与医疗、医学相关的） 6. treat /tri:t/v. 医治；治疗（针对疾病进行医疗护理） 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的；严肃的（形容病情、情况等程度深） 8. award /əˈwɔ:d/v. 颁奖；授予（因成就、贡献等给予荣誉或奖励） 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做；义务做（主动无偿参与某事） 10. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/n. 实验；试验（为验证想法进行的操作） 核心短语 1. by accident 偶然；意外地（强调无预期的发生） 2. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是（引出意外的情况） 3. turn ... into 使…… 变成（将某物转化为另一种形态或性质） 4. lead to 导致；引起（引发某种结果或后果） 5. play a role in 在…… 中起作用（对某事产生影响或发挥作用） ) 一、选词填空 A．skin     B．invention     C．method     D．discovery     E.afford When you hold a book in your hands, please stop and think. It is the result of thousands of years of human 1 . First came the invention of writing. With it, people didn’t have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people they never saw and share their knowledge with others. Later, the Greeks invented books with lots of pages to replace scrolls (卷轴). For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal 2 . That changed in the thirteenth century. The Chinese invented the 3 of making paper. After that, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. The invention of the printing press made it possible for more people to 4 books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more stories are bought as e-books and read on a screen. 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 Here’s how to make a model submarine (潜水艇) that dives (潜水) and comes up from underwater like a real one. You’ll need ●Plastic bottle   ●Tape (胶带)   ●Thin rubber (橡胶的) or plastic tube (管子) ●Waterproof (防水的) modeling clay (黏土)—not real clay, which dissolves (溶解) in water ●Small scissors  ●Bathtub (浴盆) (1) Cut two small holes on one side of the bottle. Tape coins to that side of the bottle. Remove (摘下) cap, seal (密封) the tube to the bottle with clay. (2) Fill tub with water; put bottle in and let it fill with water. (3) Gently blow into the tube and observe (观察) what happens. Stop blowing and close the tube with your thumb (大拇指). Lift your thumb and watch what happens. What happened? When you blow, air pushes out water, the bottle becomes lighter and rises. Bottle sinks (下沉) when it fills with water and coins weigh it down. Coins keep holes pointing downward, so air does not escape. When you stop blowing and seal (密封) the tube with your thumb, the bottle floats. Lift your thumb, air escapes (逸出) through the tube and the bottle sinks (下沉). A real submarine works this way, by filling tanks with air or water. 1．The experiment shows how to make a ________. A．plastic bottle B．model submarine C．real clay D．rubber boat 2．The following materials are needed to make a model submarine EXCEPT ________. A．a plastic tube B．real clay C．tape D．scissors 3．If you blow into the tube, ________. A．the bottle will fill with water B．the bottle will be empty C．the bottle will spin D．the bottle will rise 4．The way to make the bottle sink is to ________. A．tape the holes B．keep sealing the tube C．fill it with water D．blow more air in 5．Mary made a model submarine, but it can’t float. What might be the problem? A．She cut holes on opposite sides of the bottle. B．She taped coins to the bottle. C．She blew too much air into the bottle. D．She used waterproof modeling clay. Passage 2 Young Inventors Challenge (YIC)Our invention competition encourages students to work as a team to find new ways to solve today’s problems. By taking part in YIC, students would develop their problem-solving skills. YIC hopes to develop future inventors to be the active change makers of tomorrow. Who can take part in it? •teams of 2 to 5 young people aged between 13 and 17 from all over the world. What do the teams have to do? The theme is “Invention to solve environmental problems”. You’re required to invent a product that can help protect the environment. 100 teams will enter the final competition and they are required to invent and produce a working model. How can you take part in it? 1．What do we know about YIC? A．It is held for future plans. B．It is for college students. C．It is an invention competition. D．It also accepts single players. 2．What should the teams do after they register online? A．Check the list. B．Hand in their plans. C．Develop the invention ideas. D．Start making the working model. 3．Who can take part in the competition? A．13-year-old Meimei and her parents. B．Xiao Ming, 12, from Beijing, China. C．A group of 6 students aged 15 from Australia. D．Sam, 17, from China and Jack, 17, from America. 4．In the final competition, the teams need to ________. A．solve a big problem B．make working models C．work with other teams D．give a 10-minute speech 5．The text is probably a ________. A．poster B．report C．poem D．diary 三、语法选择 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” The 1 inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is 2 great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite 3 a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. Since then, this simple rod 4 thousands of buildings from lightning fires. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost 5 life while testing this invention. 6 he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people toward certain 7 . Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and 8 , was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? Night after night he was watching the stars while others 9 . Finally, he drew China’s first star map and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues 10 scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．at B．opposite C．during 4．A．saved B．has saved C．will save 5．A．his B．him C．he 6．A．But B．Although C．Because 7．A．goals B．goal’s C．goal 8．A．invent B．invention C．inventor 9．A．slept B．were sleeping C．sleep 10．A．influence B．to influence C．influencing Passage 2 Last month, a major scientific discovery in artificial intelligence 1 the National Innovation Prize. The invention—an intelligent learning system—didn’t happen 2 accident. A research team worked hard for over five years before they finally succeeded. This system is designed to help students learn more efficiently. It can process 3 pieces of learning information and spread much knowledge in a more vivid and understandable way. For example, it uses virtual reality to 4 students to “travel” inside a cell or “walk” on Mars. Teachers can use it to make 5 easier to explain difficult concepts. What’s more, the system encourages students to learn by themselves. They can imagine 6 their own science projects or doing experiments in a simulated lab. It offers 7 every day—maybe a challenging maths game or an interesting historical story. 8 encouraging it is to see technology changing education! This system is even 9 than we thought. It hardly leaves any student behind—whether they learn fast 10 need more time. We’re living in a wonderful time full of creativity and discoveries. Maybe one day, you will also create something important that helps people around the world! 1．A．awarded B．is awarded C．was awarded 2．A．in B．by C．on 3．A．thousands of B．thousand of C．several thousands of 4．A．allow B．make C．let 5．A．that B．it C．this 6．A．design B．to design C．designing 7．A．something exciting B．exciting something C．anything exciting 8．A．What B．How C．What an 9．A．powerful B．more powerful C．much powerful 10．A．and B．so C．or 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Have you ever wanted to send a message to your future self? Or let people 50 years from now know what your life is like today? There’s a fun way to do this—it’s called a “time capsule”! People often 1 small groups of things or information and put them in a safe place. One of the earliest time capsules was the Detroit (底特律) Century Box. On December 31, 1900, the city put several photos and letters in a box. The box wasn’t opened 2 people took it out on December 31, 2000. The things inside the capsule gave us a look at Detroit in the past. There were photos of people and places, as well as letters written by local people. Some of them also made 3 predictions for the future. For example, one person predicted that Detroit would have a population of 4 million by 2000. But 4 , the population of the city was 951,000 that year. Humans have 5 sent time capsules into space! The US sent two capsules into space on the Voyager spacecraft in 1977. They’re called the Voyager Golden Records. They contain 6 and pictures that show human life and culture. For example, they have music by classical musician Beethoven and pictures of plants, insects and landscapes. The Voyager spacecraft has traveled far away from our solar system. It is hoped that aliens (外星人) might find the time capsules someday and learn about humans. 1．A．display B．collect C．send D．hide 2．A．until B．when C．after D．since 3．A．rare B．ordinary C．surprising D．right 4．A．in fact B．at first C．in total D．at last 5．A．never B．even C．hardly D．seldom 6．A．letters B．movies C．books D．sounds Passage 2 Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Have you ever heard that some of the world’s most important discoveries happen by accident? The story of penicillin (青霉素) is one such example. This life-saving 1 was discovered through a lucky accident by a scientist named Alexander Fleming. In September 1928, Fleming was working in his laboratory in London. He was studying staphylococcus bacteria (葡萄球菌)，which can cause serious 2 in people. They felt weak. Before leaving for a vacation, he left some polluted dishes with bacteria in his lab by chance. When he returned, he noticed something 3 . A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died. Instead of throwing away the polluted dish, Fleming became very 4 . He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria. He decided to test this idea by doing more experiments. He found that the mold juice was indeed very effective at 5 harmful bacteria. He named this amazing mold “penicillin”. What made penicillin so special was that it could kill bacteria without harming human cells. This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people. Fleming’s discovery opened a new chapter in medicine-the age of antibiotics (抗生素). It completely changed how doctors treat bacteria and has 6 countless lives around the world. This wonderful story teaches us that in science, keeping an open mind and being curious can sometimes lead to amazing discoveries that change the world. 1．A．food B．medicine C．drink D．plant 2．A．illness B．challenges C．accidents D．disasters 3．A．usual B．strange C．wrong D．missing 4．A．angry B．curious C．tired D．worried 5．A．helping B．growing C．destroying D．finding 6．A．saved B．supported C．lost D．taken 五、任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 It seems like everyone plays video games today. Kids play, parents play, even grandparents play. In fact, more than half of the families in the United States today play video games. However, video games haven’t been around for a long time. People created the first computer game in 1958. At that time, few people had computers at their homes. Computer programmers (程序员), or people working on the computers in labs (实验室), made games for fun and to show off their skills. Later, a programmer named Ralph Bear began to think about how to play video games at home. He created a home game console (游戏机) that let people play video games on TVs. After that, many people began designing home game consoles. In the late 1980s, handheld games also became popular. As technology developed and more people had computers, the number of games grew. People played sports games, puzzle games (益智游戏) and role-playing games. Then people started playing games online. In online games, lots of people in different places could play a game together. Besides having fun, people can also use video games in other ways. You may have played games that help you remember English words. Some games also help you learn maths or geography. Doctors can even use games to treat children with brain injuries (脑损伤). Video games have changed a lot in the past 60 years. They are not only something to help you have fun but also a tool that helps you develop problem-solving skills and creativity. It all depends on how you use them. 1．When did people create the first computer game? 2．Why did computer programmers make games at first? 3．Who first created a home game console that let people play video games on TVs? 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? 5．How can we use video games in a good way? Passage 2 Nowadays, we have kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon and the flood, will hit. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters. The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send food and water when a natural disaster happens. Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue teams to get in. They can make the drones fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. The drones are also a useful tool for firemen, helping them find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people in need. Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With it, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations. Social media is also a place for up—to—date (最新的) news, so people can learn what is going on in the disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to raise money for those in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to normal life as soon as possible. For example, livestreaming (直播) is one of the most popular social media platforms. It helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. These technologies can help when there is a natural disaster, but we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 1．How many kinds of technologies are talked about in the passage? 2．What can the drones do after disasters? 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? 4．How did livestreaming help Henan after the flood? 5．What other technologies do you think can help us in disasters? 六、短文填空 Passage 1 Paper money has a long history in China. It was first used in the Song Dynasty and it made trade much 1 (easy) than before. At that time, people 2 (begin) to trade goods with paper money instead of heavy coins. In ancient China, shells once served as the earliest form of currency. Can you find the character “贝” in the word “贩”? This shows how shells were connected with trade in the old days. Later, some ancient Chinese coins were made 3 the shape of knives or spades. In 221 BCE, Qinshihuang unified China and he 4 (introduce) round coins with a square hole in the center. These coins became the main form of currency for a long time. Today, we use digital currency more and more often. We seldom pay with paper money now, 5 we can still learn a lot from ancient currency. 6 (visit) a history museum is a good way 7 (learn) about the development of Chinese currency. Last week, I 8 (invite) to my friend’s home. His grandpa showed us a collection of old stamps. The stamps 9 (represent) different kinds of ancient Chinese currency. We had a great time talking about the stories behind them. From shells to digital currency, the changes of money show how society develops. 10 interesting the history of currency is! Passage 2 The zipper is one of the most useful 1 (invent) in the world. It was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. At first, it 2 (use) on shoes and bags. Today, it can be seen everywhere, on clothes, bags and even tents. Do you know that tea was invented by accident? It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong first 3 (discover) tea as a drink. He was boiling water over an open fire when some tea leaves fell into the water. He tasted it and found it very delicious. Later, tea 4 (become) a popular drink in the world. The abacus is a traditional Chinese invention. It 5 (use) for counting for over 2,000 years. It is easy to use and still 6 (help) people work out math problems 7 (quick) now. Thomas Edison is a great inventor. He invented more than 1,000 things during his life. His most famous inventions 8 (include) the light bulb and the phonograph. He once said that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Every invention makes our life 9 (good). And new inventions 10 (create) all the time to make the world a more comfortable place to live in. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $