内容正文:
Unit 8 Making a Difference 语法专项过关
一、单项选择
1.Have you _________ any pens?
A.got B.gets C.getting
2.A new rule ________ into effect to encourage people to read more since February 1, 2026.
A.came B.is coming C.has come
3.Millie has written three travel blogs about her online trips ______.
A.for three months ago B.since three months ago
C.since three months D.during three months
4.It ________ ten years since the first generation of Huawei smartwatches ________ on the market.
A.was; came B.was; has come C.has been; came D.has been; has come
5.Sally ________ three Chinese classic novels since she came to China last year.
A.has read B.read C.reads D.is reading
6.He ________ a basketball player since 2021.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
7.Jack ________ two computers since he graduated from university.
A.has had B.has bought C.had had D.had bought
8.Tea ________ popular all over the world since ancient times.
A.becomes B.became C.has been D.will become
9.Mr. Brown ________ as a doctor for that team for many years and now he is ready to retire.
A.serves B.served C.has served D.serving
10.—Hi, Tim! You ________ the book for a month. You should return it to the library now.
—Sorry, I will do it right away.
A.have lent B.have borrowed C.have kept
11.—Have you read the book Harry Potter yet?
—Yes, I ________ it three times since last year.
A.read B.have read C.will read D.am reading
12.—When did you begin to learn English?
—I ________ it since I was 10 years old.
A.learn B.learned C.have learned D.will learn
13.Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2024.
A.studies B.studied C.has studied D.was studying
14.—I’m so nervous about singing for the graduation ceremony tomorrow.
—Don’t worry. You ________ for a long time. You’ll be great.
A.will practice B.was practicing C.have practiced
15.My friend Tom ________ to play the guitar since he joined the music club.
A.learned B.will learn C.has learned D.is learning
16.—Tina, when did you come to Suining?
—Oh, many years ago. I ________ here since I was five.
A.have gone B.have been C.was D.am
17.— How long ________ you ________ here?
— For two years.
A.have; lived B.did; live C.do; live D.will; live
18.—Is Jane a new member in your chess club?
—No, she ________ our club for two years.
A.joined B.has joined C.has been in
19.— Have you ever been to Beijing?
— Yes, I ________ there last month.
A.have been B.have gone C.went
20.—Do you need my help to boil the eggs?
—Thanks. They________ five minutes ago.
A.were boiled B.are boiled C.will be boiled D.have boiled
21.— How long ________ you ________ ill?
— For three days.
A.have; been B.do; be C.did; be D.will; be
22.My brother ________ the chess club last year. He ________ a member for over twelve months.
A.joined; has been B.joined; was
C.has joined; is D.has joined; has been
23.I’ve worked as a teacher in this school ________ 10 years ________ 2011.
A.since; for B.for; since C.for; for D.since; since
24.—_______ did the tourists leave Huai’an?
—Four weeks ago. They have been away _______ a month.
A.When; for B.How long; since C.When; since D.How long; for
25.Tina is very hard-working. She always starts to study ________ she gets home from school.
A.as soon as B.even though C.except for D.ever since
26.Linda became a doctor eleven years ________. She has been a doctor ________ 2015. She has worked here ________ many years.
A.ago; in; after B.ago; since; for C.before; since; after D.before; in; for
27.Mr. Wang has taught us Chemistry ________ two years. He has been here ________ two years ago.
A.for; for B.since; for C.for; since
28.I became a teacher 15 years _________. I have been a teacher _______ 1997. I have taught here _________ about 15 years.
A.ago; since; for B.ago; for; since C.ago; before; for D.ago; in; after
29.The islands ______ China since ancient times.
A.have belonged to B.have been belonged to C.are belonged to D.belong
30.My grandparents have lived in the old town near Luoyang ________ they got married in 1968.
A.for B.in C.since D.after
31.—The League members set good examples for the young. How long ________ it since you joined the League?
—For two years. I’m proud of being a member of it.
A.is B.has been C.has passed
32.Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum ________ for about five years, but I ________ there.
A.has opened; haven’t gone B.has been open; haven’t been
C.has been open; haven’t gone D.has opened; haven’t been
33.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily?
—Yes. I ________ it online the other day.
A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen
34.Grandparents ________ to America before.
A.went B.has been C.have gone D.have been
35.He ________ this bike for three years.
A.bought B.has bought C.has had D.buys
36.— What terrible news!
— More than 20 people ________ in traffic accidents ________ last May.
A.have died; for
B.have been dead; since
C.have died; since
D.have been dead; for
37.--- I’ve lived here three years. How about you?
--- I have lived here six years ago.
A.since; for B.for; for
C.for; since D.since; since
38.—How long has Jack ________ Japan?
—________ last year.
A.been to; For B.gone to; Since C.been in; Since D.been in; For
39.Amazing changes ________ place ________ three years ago.
A.took, for B.was taken, since C.have taken, since D.has taken, at
40.The Smith family have ________ the flat in the city ________ ten years ago.
A.bought, since B.bought, for C.had, since D.had, for
41.I’ve worked as a volunteer in this community ________ nearly five years ________ 2017.
A.since; for B.for; since C.since; since D.for; for
42.Mr. Wang ________ English in this school ________ he moved to the city.
A.has taught; for B.taught; since C.taught; for D.has taught; since
43.Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital ________ October.
A.since; for B.since; since C.for; for D.for; since
44.—How long have you ________ this book?
—________ four weeks.
A.borrowed; For B.had; Since C.kept; For
45.—We have lived in this city ________ 1980.
—So you have lived here ________ over 30 years.
A.in; for B.for; since C.since; for
46.I haven’t laughed ________ this ________ my childhood.
A.like; for B.at; since C.like; since D.with; for
47.—How long ________ his grandpa ________?
—________ two years ago.
A.has; died; Since B.has; been dead; For
C.did; die; For D.has; been dead; Since
48.—________has your brother been in China?
— ________ last month.
A.When, Since B.When, For C.How long, For D.How long, Since
49.—Have you visited Russia, Lilian?
—Yes, I ________ there for two weeks.
A.studied B.was studying C.have studied D.studies
50.—I bought the geese two weeks ago.
—Oh, you mean you ________ them ________ half a month ago.
A.have kept;since B.have bought;for
C.have had;since D.have had;for
二、语法选择
Last Saturday morning, my classmates and I joined in a volunteer activity to clean up the riverbank. While picking up plastic bottles, we noticed an old man trying to carry a heavy box. “Would you mind 51 me?” he asked. We immediately ran over and took the box.
Suddenly, dark clouds gathered, and it began to rain 52 . We hurried to a nearby shelter (遮蔽处). There, we saw a girl sitting on the ground, holding her knee. “I 53 off my bike,” she said. Lucy quickly took out a first-aid kit (急救用品) and advised, “You should 54 and keep your leg still.”
The girl’s parents arrived 55 . Her father said gratefully, “Thank you! Your quick action saved 56 from worse injuries!” As the rain stopped, we continued our work.
On the way home, I thought deeply. This experience taught me 57 meaningful it is to care for others. Even 58 simple act like holding an umbrella can make someone’s day.
The next day, our teacher shared a story in class: “A man once saved a child’s life by 59 first-aid skills. Remember, kindness is not just about big actions; it’s also about 60 things we do daily.”
51.A.helping B.to help C.help
52.A.heavy B.heavily C.heavier
53.A.fall B.fell C.fallen
54.A.take breaks B.take notes C.take risks
55.A.in surprise B.in time C.in need
56.A.herself B.hers C.her
57.A.why B.what C.how
58.A.a B.an C.the
59.A.use B.using C.to using
60.A.small B.smaller C.smallest
Making a Difference with Pencils
Everyone has the chance to make the world a better place. Teenagers can also make a difference.
Kyle is a 16-year-old student. One day at school, he saw a cleaner 61 away a large number of pencils. The cleaner explained that he found many pencils every day while cleaning the classrooms. 62 he didn’t know what to do with them, so he threw them away.
Kyle later learned online that people in some poor areas needed pencils. He decided to start collecting pencils 63 them. Soon after, he joined a volunteer group. The group collects pencils and packs them into bags. Then, they give 64 bags to travelers who are visiting poor countries. These travelers hand out the pencils to people in need.
So far, Kyle 65 over 3,700 pencils. He is a great example for all of us.
Many students in his school have now joined the pencil-collecting campaign. Some even bring pencils from home, while others encourage their friends 66 .Teachers have started putting “Pencil Donation Boxes” in classrooms and hallways.
Kyle says, “It’s not about 67 pencils you give — it’s about caring enough to try.”
“If we all do a little,” he adds, “together we 68 change a lot.”
His story shows that even small actions 69 saving discarded pencils can grow into 70 . You don’t need to be rich or famous to make a difference. All you need is a heart that cares — and maybe a pencil.
61.A.throw B.throws C.thrown D.to throw
62.A.Then B.Or C.But D.Because
63.A.to help B.helping C.helped D.help
64.A.an B.a C.the D./
65.A.has collected B.collected C.collects D.will collect
66.A.donate B.donation C.donating D.to donate
67.A.how many B.how much C.how few D.how little
68.A.could B.must C.can D.may
69.A.by B.like C.with D.in
70.A.something meaningful B.meaningful something C.anything meaningful D.meaningful anything
Dear Dr. Know,
I feel unhappy. I eat healthy food, exercise often, and sleep well. I also take 71 from my phone. But I still feel sad. Is there 72 better way to be happy and healthy?Yours,
Mr. Sadness
Dear Mr. Sadness,
Thank you for your letter. You take good care of your body and have many healthy habits, but happiness is more than these.
The key is volunteering. Helping others makes you much happier. A study found that people felt better 73 they started volunteering. Another study showed that volunteers were 40% 74 likely to have heart problems and few of them 75 into trouble with blood pressure problems.
Why does volunteering help? First, it keeps 76 active and makes you meet new people. This makes you feel better. Second, helping others cuts stress and makes it possible 77 happy.
But remember, you should volunteer to help others because you 78 want to do it. When caring about others, you will get the 79 feelings of satisfaction in life. Try volunteering, and you will find more happiness and the feelings of satisfaction 80 the same time!Best wishes,
Dr. Know
71.A.break B.breaks C.breaks’
72.A.a B.an C.the
73.A.unless B.so C.after
74.A.more B.less C.much
75.A.get B.got C.gets
76.A.you B.your C.yours
77.A.become B.to become C.becoming
78.A.true B.truly C.truth
79.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest
80.A.in B.from C.at
根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt (土). She has 81 huge garden that produces (生产) over 100 pounds of food each year! Kendall Rae began gardening at the age of three, when her great-grandmother 82 her some fresh collard greens (羽衣甘蓝). “Grandma Kate told me, ‘Don’t throw away the stems (茎), because if you put them in the ground, they will grow 83 .’” says Kendall Rae. So, she tried 84 and the stems really grew new leaves.
Soon after, her parents built her a backyard garden. When her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about 85 . She says, “My friends would help me water and care for 86 . They started to enjoy farming, too.” At the age of six, she became the 87 certified (被认证的) farmer in her hometown.
Today, there are sixty plant beds and twelve trees in the garden! 88 the vegetables and fruits are ripe (成熟的), Kendall Rae sells some of them to make money. She also invites people who don’t have enough food 89 what they need. “If more kids join us, our community will 90 become better,” says Kendall Rae. “Growing food takes a lot of work, but together we can do it.”
81.A.a B.an C.the
82.A.gives B.gave C.will give
83.A.back B.out C.in
84.A.its B.it C.itself
85.A.to farm B.farmed C.farming
86.A.plant B.plants C.plants’
87.A.younger B.youngest C.young
88.A.Unless B.Although C.When
89.A.to take B.taking C.takes
90.A.certain B.certainty C.certainly
参考答案
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
A
C
B
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
C
C
C
C
B
A
C
C
A
题号
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
答案
A
A
B
A
A
B
C
A
A
C
题号
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
答案
B
B
C
D
C
B
C
C
C
C
题号
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
答案
B
D
D
C
C
C
D
D
A
C
题号
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
答案
A
B
B
A
B
C
C
A
B
A
题号
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
答案
A
C
A
C
A
D
A
C
B
A
题号
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
答案
B
A
C
B
B
A
B
B
C
C
题号
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
答案
A
B
A
B
C
B
B
C
A
C
1.A
【详解】句意:你有(得到)一些钢笔吗?
考查动词时态和主谓一致。got得到,过去分词或过去式;gets得到,第三人称单数形式;getting得到,现在分词或动名词。句子以“Have you”开头,是现在完成时的一般疑问句结构,需用“have/has + 过去分词”,此处应填过去分词got。故选A。
2.C
【详解】句意:自2026年2月1日以来,一项新规则已经生效以鼓励人们多阅读。
根据时间状语“since February 1, 2026”可知,句子应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去某一时间开始持续到现在。应填has come。
3.B
【详解】句意:米莉自从三个月以来已经写了三篇关于她在线旅行的博客。
句中 has written 表明时态是现在完成时,常与for+ 时间段或since+ 时间点连用。B 项 since 后接时间点 three months ago,符合语法。
4.C
【详解】句意:自从第一代华为智能手表上市以来,已经十年了。
此处使用句子结构“It be+时间段+since从句”,意为“自从……已经多久了”。主句常用现在完成时has been表示持续到现在的时间,since引导的从句常用一般过去时,came表示过去的起点。
5.A
【详解】句意:自从去年来到中国,莎莉已经读了三本中国经典小说。
has read现在完成时;read一般现在时,原形;reads一般现在时,单数;is reading现在进行时。since“自从”引导时间状语从句时,主句应使用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”结构,A选项符合。
6.C
【详解】句意:自2021年以来,他一直是一名篮球运动员。
时间状语“since2021”表示从过去持续到现在的状态,应用现在完成时,主语He为第三人称单数,故选has been。
7.A
【详解】句意:杰克自从大学毕业以来已经拥有两台电脑了。
根据时间状语since he graduated from university可知,主句应用现在完成时,结构为have/has+过去分词。且谓语动词需要时延续性动词,bought是短暂性动词,不符合,A选项正确。
8.C
【详解】句意:茶自古以来就在世界各地变得流行。
根据句中时间状语“since ancient times”可知,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
9.C
【详解】句意:布朗先生为那支队伍担任医生已经很多年了,现在他准备退休了。
“for many years”表示动作持续一段时间,且“now he is ready to retire”表明serve的动作一直持续,确定使用现在完成时。
10.C
【详解】句意:嗨,蒂姆!你保存这本书已经一个月了。你现在应该把它还给图书馆了。
分析句子结构,句中出现了时间状语“for a month”,表示动作或状态持续了一段时间。在现在完成时中,若谓语动词与表示“一段时间”的状语连用,必须使用延续性动词。borrow和lend均为瞬间性动词(非延续性动词),不能与“for+时间段”连用;而keep是延续性动词,可表示借入后的保存状态。
11.B
【详解】句意:——你读过《哈利波特》这本书了吗?——是的,自去年以来我已经读了三遍了。
read一般过去时/一般现在时;have read现在完成时;will read一般将来时;am reading现在进行时。“since + 时间点”是现在完成时的典型时间标志,句子应用现在完成时,应填have read。
12.C
【详解】句意:——你什么时候开始学英语的?——我从10岁起就已经学它了。
根据“since I was 10 years old.”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时,应填have learned。
13.C
【详解】句意:Alex自从2024年来到中国就开始研究茶文化。
根据时间状语“since he came to China in 2024”可知,since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,表示动作从过去持续到现在。
14.C
【详解】句意:——我对明天毕业典礼上的演唱感到很紧张。——别担心。你已经练习很久了。你会很棒的。
根据时间状语for a long time可知,动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响,应使用现在完成时。
15.C
【详解】句意:我的朋友汤姆自从加入音乐俱乐部以来一直在学吉他。
“since he joined the music club”表示从过去某个时间点开始持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,应填has learned。
16.B
【详解】句意:——蒂娜,你什么时候来的遂宁?——哦,很多年前了。自从五岁起我就一直在这里。
have gone表示去了某地未回,have been表示待在某地。was是,过去式;am是,一般现在时。根据句中“since I was five”这一现在完成时标志词,表示“从过去持续到现在”的状态,应使用现在完成时have been。have been to+地点表示“去过某地”,here是地点副词,副词前面不能加介词to。应填have been。
17.A
【详解】句意:——你在这里住多久了?——两年了。
根据答语“For two years”及疑问词“How long”可知,此处表示动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。
18.C
【详解】句意:——简是你们象棋俱乐部的新成员吗?——不。她已经加入我们俱乐部两年了。
根据时间状语“for two years”可知,句子应该用现在完成时,排除joined(一般过去时);join是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,需转化为延续性动词be in,排除has joined。应填has been in。
19.C
【详解】句意:——你曾经去过北京吗?——是的,我上个月去过那里。
考查句子时态辨析。have been去过某地,现在完成时;have gone去了某地,现在完成时;went去,一般过去时。根据“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时,故选C。
20.A
【详解】句意:— 你需要我帮忙煮鸡蛋吗?— 谢谢。它们五分钟前就煮好了。
考查被动语态和时态。were boiled 一般过去时的被动语态;are boiled 一般现在时的被动语态;will be boiled 一般将来时的被动语态;have boiled 现在完成时的主动语态。根据 “five minutes ago” 可知,时态为一般过去时;且 “eggs” 与 “boil” 之间是被动关系,即鸡蛋被煮,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选 were boiled。
21.A
【详解】句意:——你生病多久了?——三天了。
考查时态辨析。 have; been(现在完成时);do; be(一般现在时);did; be(一般过去时);will; be(一般将来时)。答语“For three days.”表示一段时间,强调从过去持续到现在的状态,需用现在完成时“have/has been + 形容词”结构。故选A。
22.A
【详解】句意:我哥哥去年加入了国际象棋俱乐部。他已经是会员超过十二个月了。
根据“last year去年”可知第一空表示过去发生的动作,用一般过去时joined;根据“for over twelve months”可知第二空强调状态延续到现在,用现在完成时,join是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性状态has been。
23.B
【详解】句意:自2011年以来,我在这所学校当了10年教师。
考查现在完成时的用法。“10 years”是一段时间,要用for,表示“延续了……”;“2011”是一个时间点,要用since,表示“自从2011年”。故选B。
24.A
【详解】句意:——游客什么时候离开淮安的?——四周前。他们已经离开一个月了。
考查特殊疑问句及介词辨析。When什么时候;How long多长时间,询问时长;for(表示一段时间)达,计;since自从,后接时间点。根据“Four weeks ago.”可知,此处问的是什么时候离开的,用when提问;根据第二个空后的“a month”表示一段时间可知,for符合。故选A。
25.A
【详解】句意:蒂娜非常勤奋。她总是从学校一回到家就开始学习。
考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就……;even though即使;except for除了;ever since自从。根据句意,前后动作“gets home from school”和“starts to study”在时间上紧密相连,表示“一……就……”的关系。故选A。
26.B
【详解】句意:琳达十一年前成为医生。她从2015年起就一直是医生。她在这里工作很多年了。
考查时间状语用法。ago以前;in在……年;after在……之后;before在……之前;since自从;for长达。第一空表示“十一年前”,用“时间段+ago”;第二空表示“从2015年至今”,用“since+过去时间点”;第三空表示“持续多年”,用“for+时间段”。故选B。
27.C
【详解】句意:王老师教我们化学两年了。他自从两年前就在这儿了。
for后接一段时间,表示动作持续了多久,常用于现在完成时;since后接时间点,表示从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在,常用于现在完成时。第一空,“two years”是一段时间,表示王老师教化学这个动作持续了两年,所以用“for”;第二空,“two years ago”是一个时间点,表示从两年前这个时间点开始王老师就一直在这儿,所以用“since”。应填for; since。
28.A
【详解】句意:我15年前成为一名老师。我从1997年开始当老师。我在这里教了大约15年了。
ago以前;since自从;for达;before在……之前;in在……里面;after在……之后。“I became a teacher”是一般过去时,用“15 years ago”;“I have been a teacher”是现在完成时,“1997”是时间点,用since;“I have taught here”是现在完成时,“about 15 years”是时间段,用for。
29.A
【详解】句意:这些岛屿自古以来就属于中国。
根据时间状语“since ancient times”可知,句子应用现在完成时,结构为have/has + 过去分词。belong to 意为“属于”,是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,排除B、C项;D项是一般现在时,不符合语境。主语The islands为复数,助动词用have。
30.C
【详解】句意:我的祖父母自1968年结婚以来一直住在洛阳附近的老城区。
for为了;in在……里面;since自从;after在……之后。根据“have lived”可知,句子是现在完成时,结合时间状语“they got married in 1968”可知,此处应用since引导时间状语从句,表示“自从……以来”。
31.B
【详解】句意:——共青团员给年轻人树立了好的榜样。你加入共青团多久了?——两年了,我为自己是其中一员而骄傲。
根据答句“For two years.”可知,问句是询问入团持续的时间,应使用现在完成时且强调状态的持续,应填has been。
32.B
【详解】句意:扬州中国大运河博物馆已经开放大约五年了,但我还没去过那里。
根据“for about five years”可知,句子应用现在完成时,且动词需为延续性动词,open作动词是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,其延续性状态为be open,故排除A、D选项;第二空表示“没去过某地”,应用haven’t been,haven’t gone意为“去了某地还没回来”,不符合语境。排除C选项。
33.C
【详解】句意:——你之前看过这部电影吗,丽丽?——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”,用现在完成时,表示动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响;答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”,表明动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。
34.D
【详解】句意:祖父母以前去过美国。
考查现在完成时的用法。went“去了”;have/has been to“去过已经回来”;have gone to“去了还没有回来”。结合题干分析可知,before“以前”为副词,作时间状语,应用现在完成时。祖父母原来去过美国,已经回来。且主语grandparents为复数形式,助动词have用原形。故选D。
35.C
【详解】句意:他拥有这辆自行车三年了。
根据“for three years”可知是一段时间,句子需用现在完成时(have/has+过去分词),且谓语动词需用延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,需转换为have,have的过去分词形式为had。
36.B
【详解】试题分析:句意:多么可怕的消息!——自去年5月以来有20多人死于交通事故。for后跟时间段,since后跟时间点,last May是时间点,所以用since。Since last May表示的是时间段,不能用短暂性动词die,故答案为B。
考点:考查现在完成时和介词的用法。
37.C
【详解】试题分析:句意:-我住在这儿已经三年了,你呢?-我六年前就已经住在这儿了。since 意为自从,后面加的是时间点。for后面加时间段,表示有多长时间。由句意可知第一句的“三年”是时间段,答语的“六年前”是时间点。故选C。
考点:考查连词
38.C
【详解】句意:——杰克在日本多久了?——自从去年以来。
考查现在完成时及for和since的辨析。根据“How long has Jack ... Japan?”与时间段连用,询问在日本待了多久,用have been in;for后接时间段,since后接时间点,结合“last year”可知第二空用Since。故选C。
39.C
【详解】句意:三年前以来发生了惊人的变化。
考查现在完成时。根据“Amazing changes...place...three years ago.”可知,此处强调变化已经发生,用现在完成时,主语是复数,助动词用have,故选C。
40.C
【详解】句意:史密斯一家从十年前就在城里拥有了这套公寓。
考查现在完成时。此处是“现在完成时+since+时间段”,排除B、D两项。buy是非延续性动词,在现在完成时中不能与一段时间连用,此处应用延续性动词have,其过去分词是had。故选C。
41.B
【详解】句意:自2017年以来,我在这个社区做了将近五年的志愿者。
考查现在完成时。since自从,后跟过去的时间点;for后跟一段时间。空一后“nearly five years”是一段时间,需用for;空二后“2017”是过去的时间点,需用since。故选B。
42.D
【详解】句意:自从王先生搬到这个城市,他就一直在这所学校教英语。
考查现在完成时。has taught现在完成时;taught一般过去时;for后接时间段,表示动词持续;since后接时间点。根据第二空后“he moved to the city.”可知此处是一般过去时,且“moved”是短暂性动词,所以第二空应填since,排除选项A和C;本句是含since的句子,主句应用现在完成时。故选D。
43.D
【详解】句意:Mike已经生病很长一段时间了。他从十月以来就在住院。
考查现在完成时。since自从;for后接一段时间。根据“has been ill”可知a long time表示一段时间,其前应用介词for;October是时间点,其前应用since。故选D。
44.C
【详解】句意:——这本书你借了多久?——四周。
考查现在完成时中的延续性动词。根据“How long”及助动词“have”可知,问句为现在完成时,并且为持续性动作,“borrowed”是短暂性动词,不能与一段时间连用,排除选项A。for后跟一段时间;since后跟时间点。“four weeks”表示一段时间,应用介词for,故选C。
45.C
【详解】句意:——自1980年以来,我们一直住在这个城市。——那么你们已经在这里住了30多年了。
考查介词辨析。in+时间段,通常用于一般将来时;for+时间段,通常用于现在完成时;since+时间点,通常用于现在完成时。根据“We have lived in this city…1980.”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,第一个空后为1980,为时间点,第一个空应用since;根据“you have lived here…over 30 years”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,第二个空后为“over 30 years”,为时间段,第二个空应用for。故选C。
46.C
【详解】句意: 我从童年就没像这样笑过。
考查介词用法。like像;for为;at在几点;with带着,和;since自从,介词或连词。根据“I haven’t laughed...this...my childhood.”可知,第一个空指“像”,需介词like;再根据“haven’t laughed”可知句子采用现在完成时,因此第二个空用since来表示“自从”。故选C。
47.D
【详解】句意:——他的爷爷去世多长时间了?——自从两年以前。
for后跟时间段,since后跟时间点。two years ago为时间点,故用since,排除B、C;die为短暂性动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用,需变为be dead。
48.D
【详解】句意:——你哥哥在中国待了多久了?——自从上个月。
第一空,根据has your brother been in China可知句子是现在完成时,询问持续时间应用How long,When常用于一般过去时;第二空,last month是时间点,现在完成时中since 后接时间点,for后接时间段。因此第一空填How long,第二空填Since,符合题意。
49.A
【详解】句意:——你去过俄罗斯吗,Lilian? ——去过,我在那里学习了两个星期。
考查时态。studied,一般过去时;was studying,过去进行时;have studied,现在完成时;studies,一般现在时。根据问句可知,Lilian在俄罗斯学习这件事已发生且已结束,则需用一般过去时,故选A。
50.C
【详解】句意:——两周前我买了这些鹅。——哦,你是说半个月前你就拥有它们了。
考查延续性动词和含有since的现在完成时。have kept已经持有,延续性动词;have bought已经购买,非延续性动词;have had已经持有,延续性动词;since自……以后,后接时间点;for后接时间段。根据第二空后的“half a month ago”可知指的是过去的一个时间点,其前应用介词since。根据“I bought the geese two weeks ago”可知,动词buy为非延续性动词,在表示持续一段时间的句子中,应用延续性动词have来代替buy,其过去分词为had,因此第一空应填have had。故选C。
51.A 52.B 53.B 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.A
【导语】本文作者通过志愿者活动中帮助他人及目睹他人相助的经历,领悟到关心他人的意义——即使是微小的善举也能传递温暖。
51.句意:“你介意帮我一下吗?”
根据固定搭配“mind doing sth.”,空后为动词原形时需用动名词形式,因此选helping。
52.句意:突然乌云密布,开始下起大雨。
空前为动词短语“began to rain”,需副词修饰。heavily为副词,符合。
53.句意:“我从自行车上摔下来了。”
上文描述过去发生的事(女孩受伤坐在地上),直接引语中应用一般过去时。fell是“fall”的过去式,符合语境。
54.句意:你应该休息一下,保持腿不动。
根据后文“keep your leg still”(保持腿静止)及女孩受伤的语境,应建议休息。take breaks意为“休息”,符合; “take notes”(做笔记)、“take risks”(冒险)与题意无关。
55.句意:女孩的父母及时赶到了。
根据后文父亲感谢“你们的快速行动避免了更严重的伤害”,暗示父母到达时间正好。in time意为“及时”,符合。
56.句意:你们的快速行动救了她,避免了更严重的伤害!
动词“saved”后需接宾语,用人称代词宾格。her为宾格,指代“the girl”; “herself”为反身代词(若用则意为“救她自己”,但施动者是“你们”),“hers”为名词性物主代词,均不能作宾语。
57.句意:这次经历教会我关心他人是多么有意义。
空格后为“meaningful it is”,构成感叹结构“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”。how修饰形容词; “what”修饰名词,“why”表原因,均不符合句式。
58.句意:即使是一个简单的举动,比如撑伞,也能让人开心。
泛指“一个简单的举动”,“simple”以辅音音素/s/开头,用不定冠词a; “an”用于元音音素前,“the”表示特指,均不合语境。
59.句意:一个人曾经通过使用急救技能救了一个孩子的命。
介词“by”后需接动名词作宾语。using为动名词,符合。
60.句意:善良不仅关乎大行动,也关乎我们日常做的小事。
与上文“big actions”形成对比,用形容词原级small表示“小事”; “smaller”(更小的)、“smallest”(最小的)涉及比较或最高级,但语境无比较对象。
61.A 62.C 63.A 64.C 65.A 66.D 67.A 68.C 69.B 70.A
【导语】本文讲述了16岁学生Kyle发起铅笔捐赠活动,将被丢弃的铅笔收集起来捐赠给贫困地区,用微小行动改变世界的故事,传递了“小事也能带来大改变”的理念。
61.句意:一天在学校,他看到一个清洁工扔掉了大量铅笔。
see sb. do sth. 是固定结构,表示“看见某人做某事(强调动作全过程)”,此处用动词原形throw“扔”;throws是第三人称单数,thrown是过去分词,to throw是不定式,均不符合该结构。
62.句意:清洁工解释说他每天打扫教室时都会发现很多铅笔,但他不知道该怎么处理,所以就把它们扔掉了。
前后句为转折关系,But“但是”符合逻辑;Then“然后”表顺承,Or“或者”表选择,Because“因为”表原因,均不符合。
63.句意:他决定开始收集铅笔来帮助他们。
此处用不定式to help“帮助”作目的状语,说明收集铅笔的目的;helping是动名词,helped是过去式,help是原形,均不能作目的状语。
64.句意:然后,他们把这些袋子交给正在访问贫困国家的旅行者。
the是定冠词,特指前文提到的“装铅笔的袋子”;an/a是不定冠词,表泛指,/是零冠词,均不符合特指语境。
65.句意:到目前为止,Kyle已经收集了超过3700支铅笔。
So far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志,结构为have/has + 过去分词,主语Kyle是第三人称单数,用has collected“已经收集”;collected是一般过去时,collects是一般现在时,will collect是一般将来时,均不符合时态要求。
66.句意:有些人甚至从家里带铅笔,而另一些人则鼓励他们的朋友捐赠。
encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,用不定式to donate“捐赠”;donate是原形,donation是名词,donating是动名词,均不符合搭配。
67.句意:Kyle说:“这不是关于你捐了多少支铅笔,而是关于你足够关心去尝试。”
pencils是可数名词复数,用how many“多少”提问数量;how much提问不可数名词数量/价格,how few“多么少”,how little“多么少/多么小”,均不符合。
68.句意:“如果我们每个人都做一点,”他补充道,“一起我们就能改变很多。”
can“能够”表示能力,符合“微小行动汇聚成大改变”的语境;could是过去式,must“必须”,may“可能”,均不如can贴切。
69.句意:他的故事表明,即使是像回收被丢弃的铅笔这样的小行动,也能成长为有意义的东西。
like“像……一样”,介词,用于举例;in“在……里”,with“和……一起”,by“通过”,均不符合语境。
70.句意:他的故事表明,即使是像节约被丢弃的铅笔这样的小行动,也能成长为有意义的东西。
形容词修饰不定代词要后置,something meaningful“有意义的事物”符合肯定句语境;meaningful something语序错误,anything meaningful用于否定/疑问句,meaningful anything语序错误,均不符合。
71.B 72.A 73.C 74.B 75.B 76.A 77.B 78.B 79.C 80.C
【导语】本文是两封书信,烦恼的读者倾诉自己作息健康却依旧情绪低落,专家回信点明志愿服务是收获快乐与健康的良方,并讲解了原因与注意事项。
71.句意:我也会远离手机休息。
固定搭配take breaks表示“休息”,空格处没有不定冠词a,因此用复数breaks。C项breaks’是名词所有格形式,不能作take的宾语。
72.句意:有没有一种更好的方式能变得快乐又健康呢?
此处泛指“一个更好的方法”,用不定冠词;better以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词a。
73.句意:一项研究发现,人们在开始参加志愿活动之后心情会变好。
表时间先后顺序,用连词after。
74.句意:另一项研究表明,志愿者患心脏病的可能性降低了40%,且很少有人出现血压问题。
志愿活动对健康有益,因此志愿者患心脏病的概率更低,less表示“更低/更少”,符合语境。
75.句意:另一项研究表明,志愿者患心脏病的可能性降低了40%,且很少有人出现血压问题。
前文Another study showed是一般过去时,这里讲述研究的结果,动作发生在过去,因此用过去式got。
76.句意:首先,它能让你保持活力,还能让你结识新朋友。
动词keeps后需要人称代词宾格作宾语,you是宾格,your是形容词性物主代词,yours是名词性物主代词,因此选you。
77.句意:其次,帮助他人能缓解压力,并且让变得快乐成为可能。
固定结构“make it+形容词+to do sth”,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式,因此选to become。
78.句意:但请记住,你做志愿活动,是因为你真心想要去做这件事。
空格处修饰动词want,需要用副词;true是形容词,truly是副词,truth是名词,因此选truly。
79.句意:当你关心他人时,你会感受到生活中最强烈的满足感。
此处范围是in life,定冠词the后接形容词最高级,表示“生活中最强烈的满足感”,因此选strongest。
80.句意:试着去做志愿活动吧,你会发现更多的快乐,同时也会收获满足感!
固定搭配at the same time意为“同时”,因此选at。
81.A 82.B 83.A 84.B 85.C 86.B 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.C
【导语】本文讲述了Kendall Rae Johnson从小在曾外祖母的影响下爱上做园艺,通过自己的努力打造菜园,和朋友一起分享种植乐趣,还通过售卖农产品、帮助他人改善社区的故事。
81.句意:她有一个巨大的菜园,每年能产出超过100磅的食物!
huge以辅音音素开头,此处表示泛指“一个”菜园,用不定冠词a。an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词表特指,此处并非指代特定的菜园。
82.句意:Kendall Rae在三岁时开始做园艺,那时她的曾外祖母给了她一些新鲜的羽衣甘蓝。
时间状语at the age of three表示过去,句子用一般过去时,give的过去式是gave。gives是一般现在时;will give是一般将来时,均不符合过去的时间背景。
83.句意:Kate奶奶告诉我:“不要扔掉茎,因为如果你把它们种进土里,它们会重新长出来。”
grow back是固定搭配,表示“重新长出”,符合“茎能再长出新叶”的语境。grow out表示“长出、向外生长”;grow in表示“在……中生长”,均无法体现“重新长出”的含义。
84.句意:所以她试了试,茎真的长出了新叶子。
此处用代词it指代“把茎种进土里”这件事,符合语境。its是形容词性物主代词“它的”;itself是反身代词“它自己”,均不符合语境。
85.句意:当她的朋友们来家里时,Kendall Rae喜欢分享她关于园艺的知识。
介词about后接动名词,farm的动名词形式是farming,表示“园艺、耕种”。to farm是动词不定式;farmed是动词过去式/过去分词,均不符合。
86.句意:她说:“我的朋友们会帮我浇水和照料植物。”
此处用复数名词plants表示“植物”这一类事物,符合语境。plant是单数名词;plants’是名词所有格“植物的”,此处需要名词作宾语,均不符合语法和语义。
87.句意:在六岁时,她成为了家乡最年轻的被认证农民。
定冠词the后接形容词最高级,young的最高级是youngest,表示“最年轻的”。younger是比较级;young是原级,无法体现“最年轻”的语义。
88.句意:当蔬菜和水果成熟时,Kendall Rae会卖掉一些来赚钱。
此处用连词When引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,符合“成熟时售卖”的逻辑。Unless表示“除非”,引导条件状语从句;Although表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,均不符合此处的时间逻辑。
89.句意:她还邀请没有足够食物的人来领取他们需要的东西。
invite sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,表示“邀请某人做某事”,此处用不定式to take。taking是动名词/现在分词;takes是一般现在时第三人称单数,均不符合。
90.句意:“如果更多孩子加入我们,我们的社区肯定会变得更好,”Kendall Rae说。
此处用副词certainly修饰动词become,表示“肯定地、无疑地”。certain是形容词,不能修饰动词become;certainty是名词“确定性”,无法修饰动词。
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