Unit 8 Making a Difference 现在完成时（since,for）(语法讲解+分层精练）--2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 8 Making a Difference 现在完成时（since,for） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心考点速览 1 （二）谓语动词必须延续（瞬间动词必须换） 1 （三）瞬间动词→延续性动词转换表（15组必背） 2 （四）since的四种必考形式 2 （五）三个最容易混的结构 3 二、中考题型练习30题 3 （一）单项选择（15题） 3 （二）用for / since填空（5题） 4 （三）同义句转换（5题） 4 （四）完成句子/汉译英（5题） 5 一、语法讲解 （一）核心考点速览 对比维度 for + 时间段 since + 时间点 结构 for + 一段时间 （two years, three weeks, a long time） since + 过去时间点 （2008, yesterday, 5:00） since + 时间段 + ago since + 一般过去时从句 含义 动作或状态持续了多久 动作或状态自…以来持续至今 提问 How long + 现在完成时？ How long + 现在完成时？ 例句 I have lived here for ten years. I have lived here since 2014. 考点：看到“for + 时段”或“since + 时点/”，立即锁定现在完成时！ （二）谓语动词必须延续（瞬间动词必须换） 时间段前面，动词不能是“一次性”的，必须是“一直持续”的。 错误：He has bought this bike for half a year. 正确：He has had this bike for half a year. 错误：His grandpa has died for two years. 正确：His grandpa has been dead for two years. 错误：I have borrowed the book since last week. 正确：I have kept the book since last week. （三）瞬间动词→延续性动词转换表（15组必背） 类别 瞬间动词 延续性动词 记忆口诀 借 borrow keep / have 借变保存 买 buy have 买变拥有 离开 leave be away (from) 离开变不在 死 die be dead 死变死了 来/到 come / arrive / reach be in/at/here 来变在这儿 开始 begin / start be on 开始变在进行 加入 join be in / be a member of 加入变成员 感冒 catch a cold have a cold 感冒变患病 打开 open be open 打开变开着 关闭 close be closed 关闭变关着 结婚 marry / get married be married (to) 结婚变已婚 回来 come back / return be back 回来变返回 睡着 fall asleep be asleep 睡着变睡着 结束 finish / end be over 结束变完了 担心 worry be worried 担心变担忧 （四）since的四种必考形式 形式 示例 说明 since + 时间点 since 2008 / since yesterday 具体过去时刻 since + 时间段 + ago since five years ago 强调“自从…前” since + 一般过去时从句 since I was born 从句用过去时，主句现完 It is + 时段 + since + 一般过去时 It is three years since he left. 万能转换句式 注意：第4种句型中主句可用is/has been，since从句必须用一般过去时！ （五）三个最容易混的结构 高频易混：have been to / have gone to / have been in 结构 含义 与since/for连用 have been to 去过（已回来） 可连用次数（once/twice） have gone to 去了（未回来） 不能与since/for连用 have been in 一直在（在某地） 必须与since/for连用！ 考点：have been in + 地点 = 在某地待了多久 例句：He has been in Shanghai for two months. 二、中考题型练习30题 （一）单项选择（15题） 1. （2023 山西）My grandparents ______ for over 60 years. They love each other very much. A. married B. have married C. have got married D. have been married 2. （2022 广州）His uncle ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 3. （2024 模拟）—How long have you ______ the book? —Two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 4. （2023 武汉）The famous writer ______ two new books since 2020. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 5. （2022 南京）My mother ______ in this school ______ she came to this city. A. teaches; since B. taught; for C. has taught; since D. will teach; for 6. （2024 预测）The old man ______ last year. He ______ for a year. A. died; has died B. has died; died C. died; has been dead D. died; has been dead 7. （2023 重庆）—Where is your father? —He ______ to Shanghai. He ______ back in three days. A. has been; will come B. has gone; will come C. went; comes D. has gone; came 8. （2022 天津）I ______ this dictionary for three years. It‘s still very useful. A. buy B. bought C. have had D. have bought 9. （2024 模拟）—______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China? —Since he ______ to China. A. How soon; comes B. How often; got C. How long; came D. How far; arrived 10. （2023 哈尔滨）The shop ______ at 8:00 a.m. and it ______ for ten hours. A. opens; has opened B. is open; has opened C. opens; has been open D. is open; opened 11. （2022 济南）The train ______ for a long time. A. has left B. has away C. has been away D. left 12. （2024 预测）—Is Jack in the classroom? —No, he ______ the library. He ______ there for an hour. A. has been to; has gone B. has gone to; has been in C. went to; was D. has gone; has been 13. （2023 长春）His father ______ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 14. （2022 南昌）I ______ a cold since last Friday. A. have caught B. caught C. have had D. had 15. （2024 模拟）The meeting ______ for ten minutes. You are late again! A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. has been on （二）用for / since填空（5题） 16. Jim hasn‘t written a letter to his friend ______ two years. 17. The students have studied in this school ______ last month. 18. Xiaogang has changed a lot ______ 2010. 19. I have worked here ______ I moved here in 1999. 20. Mr. Zhang has taught in our school ______ about 20 years. （三）同义句转换（5题） 21. Ann went to Hong Kong two weeks ago. → Ann has ______ ______ Hong Kong for two weeks. 22. They left Changsha an hour ago. → They have ______ ______ ______ from Changsha for an hour. 23. The Blacks got married thirty years ago. → The Blacks have ______ ______ for thirty years. 24. The opera started five minutes ago. → The opera ______ ______ ______ since five minutes ago. 25. He bought the bike three years ago. → He ______ ______ the bike for three years. （四）完成句子/汉译英（5题） 26. 这本字典你已经买多久了？ 27. 自从他出国，他就和我们保持着联系。 28. 这家工厂开业20年了。 29. 他爷爷去世两年了。 30.她加入游泳俱乐部三年了。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Making a Difference 现在完成时（since,for） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心考点速览 1 （二）谓语动词必须延续（瞬间动词必须换） 2 （三）瞬间动词→延续性动词转换表（15组必背） 2 （四）since的四种必考形式 2 （五）三个最容易混的结构 3 二、中考题型练习30题 3 （一）单项选择（15题） 3 （二）用for / since填空（5题） 5 （三）同义句转换（5题） 5 （四）完成句子/汉译英（5题） 6 一、语法讲解 （一）核心考点速览 对比维度 for + 时间段 since + 时间点 结构 for + 一段时间 （two years, three weeks, a long time） since + 过去时间点 （2008, yesterday, 5:00） since + 时间段 + ago since + 一般过去时从句 含义 动作或状态持续了多久 动作或状态自…以来持续至今 提问 How long + 现在完成时？ How long + 现在完成时？ 例句 I have lived here for ten years. I have lived here since 2014. 考点：看到“for + 时段”或“since + 时点/”，立即锁定现在完成时！ （二）谓语动词必须延续（瞬间动词必须换） 时间段前面，动词不能是“一次性”的，必须是“一直持续”的。 错误：He has bought this bike for half a year. 正确：He has had this bike for half a year. 错误：His grandpa has died for two years. 正确：His grandpa has been dead for two years. 错误：I have borrowed the book since last week. 正确：I have kept the book since last week. （三）瞬间动词→延续性动词转换表（15组必背） 类别 瞬间动词 延续性动词 记忆口诀 借 borrow keep / have 借变保存 买 buy have 买变拥有 离开 leave be away (from) 离开变不在 死 die be dead 死变死了 来/到 come / arrive / reach be in/at/here 来变在这儿 开始 begin / start be on 开始变在进行 加入 join be in / be a member of 加入变成员 感冒 catch a cold have a cold 感冒变患病 打开 open be open 打开变开着 关闭 close be closed 关闭变关着 结婚 marry / get married be married (to) 结婚变已婚 回来 come back / return be back 回来变返回 睡着 fall asleep be asleep 睡着变睡着 结束 finish / end be over 结束变完了 担心 worry be worried 担心变担忧 （四）since的四种必考形式 形式 示例 说明 since + 时间点 since 2008 / since yesterday 具体过去时刻 since + 时间段 + ago since five years ago 强调“自从…前” since + 一般过去时从句 since I was born 从句用过去时，主句现完 It is + 时段 + since + 一般过去时 It is three years since he left. 万能转换句式 注意：第4种句型中主句可用is/has been，since从句必须用一般过去时！ （五）三个最容易混的结构 高频易混：have been to / have gone to / have been in 结构 含义 与since/for连用 have been to 去过（已回来） 可连用次数（once/twice） have gone to 去了（未回来） 不能与since/for连用 have been in 一直在（在某地） 必须与since/for连用！ 考点：have been in + 地点 = 在某地待了多久 例句：He has been in Shanghai for two months. 二、中考题型练习30题 （一）单项选择（15题） 1. （2023 山西）My grandparents ______ for over 60 years. They love each other very much. A. married B. have married C. have got married D. have been married 答案：D 解析：for over 60 years是时间段，必须用延续性动词。marry/get married是瞬间动词，排除A/B/C。be married表示状态，可延续。 2. （2022 广州）His uncle ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 答案：C 解析：for more than 9 years是时间段，谓语必须延续。live是延续性动词；come/start/leave均为瞬间动词。 3. （2024 模拟）—How long have you ______ the book? —Two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 答案：C 解析：How long提问时间段，动词必须延续。borrow/lend/buy都是瞬间动词，应改为keep/have。 4. （2023 武汉）The famous writer ______ two new books since 2020. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 答案：C 解析：since 2020是现在完成时标志，强调从过去持续到现在，用has written。 5. （2022 南京）My mother ______ in this school ______ she came to this city. A. teaches; since B. taught; for C. has taught; since D. will teach; for 答案：C 解析：since引导时间状语从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时。 6. （2024 预测）The old man ______ last year. He ______ for a year. A. died; has died B. has died; died C. died; has been dead D. died; has been dead 答案：D 解析：第一空last year用一般过去时died；第二空for a year用现在完成时，且需延续性动词be dead。 7. （2023 重庆）—Where is your father? —He ______ to Shanghai. He ______ back in three days. A. has been; will come B. has gone; will come C. went; comes D. has gone; came 答案：B 解析：第一空人不在场用has gone to；第二空in three days将来时。 8. （2022 天津）I ______ this dictionary for three years. It‘s still very useful. A. buy B. bought C. have had D. have bought 答案：C 解析：for three years时间段，必须用延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词，改为have。 9. （2024 模拟）—______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China? —Since he ______ to China. A. How soon; comes B. How often; got C. How long; came D. How far; arrived 答案：C 解析：答语Since+过去时，提问用How long；since从句用一般过去时。 10. （2023 哈尔滨）The shop ______ at 8:00 a.m. and it ______ for ten hours. A. opens; has opened B. is open; has opened C. opens; has been open D. is open; opened 答案：C 解析：第一空客观事实用一般现在时opens；第二空for ten hours时间段，需延续性动词，be open表状态。 11. （2022 济南）The train ______ for a long time. A. has left B. has away C. has been away D. left 答案：C 解析：for a long time时间段，需延续性动词。leave→be away。 12. （2024 预测）—Is Jack in the classroom? —No, he ______ the library. He ______ there for an hour. A. has been to; has gone B. has gone to; has been in C. went to; was D. has gone; has been 答案：B 解析：第一空人不在场has gone to；第二空for an hour时间段，用has been in（待在图书馆）。 13. （2023 长春）His father ______ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 答案：D 解析：since 1978时间段，需延续性动词。join是瞬间动词，改为be in。 14. （2022 南昌）I ______ a cold since last Friday. A. have caught B. caught C. have had D. had 答案：C 解析：since last Friday时间段，需延续性动词。catch a cold→have a cold。 15. （2024 模拟）The meeting ______ for ten minutes. You are late again! A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. has been on 答案：D 解析：for ten minutes时间段，需延续性动词。begin→be on。 （二）用for / since填空（5题） 16. Jim hasn‘t written a letter to his friend ______ two years. 答案：for 解析：two years是一段时间，用for。 17. The students have studied in this school ______ last month. 答案：since 解析：last month是过去时间点，用since。 18. Xiaogang has changed a lot ______ 2010. 答案：since 解析：2010是过去年份，用since。 19. I have worked here ______ I moved here in 1999. 答案：since 解析：后面是完整从句（一般过去时），用since。 20. Mr. Zhang has taught in our school ______ about 20 years. 答案：for 解析：about 20 years是一段时间，用for。 （三）同义句转换（5题） 21. Ann went to Hong Kong two weeks ago. → Ann has ______ ______ Hong Kong for two weeks. 答案：been away from 解析：瞬间动词leave/ go→延续性动词be away from。 22. They left Changsha an hour ago. → They have ______ ______ ______ from Changsha for an hour. 答案：been away 解析：leave→be away。 23. The Blacks got married thirty years ago. → The Blacks have ______ ______ for thirty years. 答案：been married 解析：get married→be married。 24. The opera started five minutes ago. → The opera ______ ______ ______ since five minutes ago. 答案：has been on 解析：start→be on。 25. He bought the bike three years ago. → He ______ ______ the bike for three years. 答案：has had 解析：buy→have。 （四）完成句子/汉译英（5题） 26. 这本字典你已经买多久了？ 答案：How long have you had the dictionary? 解析：how long提问时间段，buy改为延续性动词have。 27. 自从他出国，他就和我们保持着联系。 答案：He has kept in touch with us since he went abroad. 解析：since从句用一般过去时，主句现在完成时。 28. 这家工厂开业20年了。 答案：This factory has been open for 20 years. 解析：open→be open，for+时间段。 29. 他爷爷去世两年了。 答案：His grandpa has been dead for two years. 解析：die→be dead。 30.她加入游泳俱乐部三年了。 答案：She has been in the swimming club for three years. 解析：join→be in。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $