专题 03 词汇知识（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（山东专版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题03 词汇知识 考点一 单词分类 一、词性分类：从单词属性构建认知框架 英语单词按句中功能分为十大词类，是小学词汇与语法的核心基础。 词类（缩写） 核心定义 高频考查重点 教材高频例词 名词（n.） 表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的名称 可数/不可数名词辨析、单复数变形、所有格 classroom,family, school, water, time, dream 动词（v.） 表示动作或状态的词 词义辨析、三单/过去式/现在分词变形、固定搭配 run, read, eat, is, have, can, look 形容词（adj.） 修饰名词，表人/事物的特征、属性 比较级&最高级变形、词义辨析、定语/表语用法 big, happy, tall, good, beautiful, cold 副词（adv.） 修饰动词/形容词/其他副词，表动作/状态特征 比较级&最高级、频度副词辨析、与形容词的区分 very, quickly, often, carefully, too 代词（pron.） 代替名词/短语/句子，避免重复 人称代词主/宾格、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词 I, you, he, my, this, some, who 数词（num.） 表示数量或顺序 基数词拼写、序数词变形、日期/时刻表达 one, ten, first, second, twelve, twenty 冠词（art.） 用在名词前，表泛指/特指 a/an的用法区别、定冠词the的固定用法、零冠词场景 a, an, the 介词（prep.） 表示时间、地点、方位、方式等关系 时间/地点介词辨析、固定介词搭配 in, on, at, under, behind, with 连词（conj.） 连接单词、短语、句子，表逻辑关系 并列/转折/因果连词辨析，复合句用法 and, but, because, so, or 感叹词（interj.） 表示说话的语气、情感 情景交际中的固定用法 oh, wow, ouch, hello 高频补充：兼类词 英语中大量单词可作两种及以上词性，是单选和完形填空的高频易错点： 单词 词性1&释义 词性2&释义 教材高频例句 water n. 水 v. 浇水 I drink water. I water the flowers. watch v. 观看 n. 手表 I watch TV. I have a new watch. right adj. 正确的；右边的 n. 右边 You are right. Turn right at the crossing. show v. 展示；给…看 n. 演出；节目 Show me your pen. We have a show today. rain v. 下雨 n. 雨；雨水 It will rain. There is a lot of rain in summer. fly v. 飞；放飞 n. 苍蝇 I fly a kite. There is a fly on the table. turn v. 转动；转弯 n. 顺序 Turn left. It's your turn. drink v. 喝 n. 饮料 Drink some milk. I want a cold drink. 二、主题场景分类：从生活情境激活词汇 家庭与生活场景 家庭成员：parent, father, mother, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, cousin, grandparent, grandpa, grandma 家居物品：sofa, table, bed, desk, chair, lamp, fridge, phone, window, door 居家活动：cook, clean, wash, watch TV, read books, play games, get up, go to bed 学校与学习场景 校园场所：classroom, library, playground, teachers' office, lab, canteen, gym 学习用品：book, pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, notebook, schoolbag, crayon, pencil-box 学科与学习：Chinese, English, math, PE, music, art, science, study, read, write, listen, speak 人物：teacher, student, classmate, head teacher, monitor, friend 饮食与健康场景 三餐：breakfast, lunch, dinner 食物：rice, bread, cake, egg, noodles, vegetable, potato, tomato, meat, chicken, fish 饮品：milk, juice, water, tea, coffee 健康相关：healthy, ill, happy, sad, tired, hungry, full, doctor, hospital, medicine 出行与交通场景 交通工具：bus, car, bike, train, plane, ship, subway, taxi 地点：park, zoo, supermarket, cinema, hospital, bank, museum, farm, station 动作：go, come, walk, run, ride, drive, stop, wait, turn left/right, go straight 自然与季节场景 季节与天气：spring, summer, autumn/fall, winter, sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy, hot, cold, warm, cool 自然事物：sun, moon, star, river, lake, mountain, tree, flower, grass, animal, bird, dog, cat, panda 节日与文化场景 中国节日：Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Teachers' Day,National Day, Children's Day 西方节日：Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving Day, Easter 相关动作：decorate, get together, have a big dinner, give presents, visit relatives 情绪与感受场景 积极情绪：happy, glad, excited, proud, relaxed, interested 消极情绪：sad, angry, afraid, worried, bored, tired 情感表达：love, like, hate, miss, thank, sorry 三、语法功能分类：从句法运用深化理解 疑问词（山东地区高频考点） 疑问词 核心用法 高频例句 what 问事物、动作、职业 What's this? What do you do? who 问人（主格） Who is he? whose 问所属关系（谁的） Whose book is this? where 问地点 Where is my schoolbag? when 问时间 When do you get up? what time 问具体时刻 What time is it? why 问原因 Why do you like summer? how 问方式、状况 How do you go to school? How are you? how many 问数量（修饰可数名词复数） How many books do you have? how much 问数量（修饰不可数名词）、价格 How much water is there? How much is it? how old 问年龄 How old are you? how far 问距离 How far is it from your home to school? how long 问时长、长度 How long did you stay there? how often 问频率 How often do you play sports? 频度副词（山东地区完形填空高频考点） 固定用法：实义动词前，be动词/情态动词后，按频率从高到低排序如下： 频度副词 释义 频率占比 高频例句 always 总是；一直 100% I always get up at 6:30. usually 通常 80% I usually go to school by bike. often 经常 60% I often read books in the evening. sometimes 有时 40% Sometimes I play football after school. seldom 很少；不常 20% I seldom eat junk food. never 从不 0% I never swim in the river. 情态动词（山东地区单项选择高频考点） 情态动词 核心用法 否定形式&易错点 高频例句 can/could 表能力、许可 （could更委婉） can't=cannot 不能；不可能 I can swim. Can I help you? may 表许可、推测（正式） may not 不可以 May I come in? must 表必须（主观义务） mustn't 禁止（≠不必） You must finish your homework first. have to 表不得不（客观要求） don't have to 不必（must否定回答常用） I have to get up early for school. should 表应该（建议、责任） shouldn't 不应该 You should listen to the teacher carefully. 一、选出每组中不属于同一类别的单词。 ( ) 1. A. bus B. train C. plane D. hospital ( ) 2. A. English B. math C. music D. playground ( ) 3. A. potato B. tomato C. chicken D. bike ( ) 4. A. spring B. summer C. winter D. sunny ( ) 5. A. aunt B. uncle C. cousin D. teacher 二、选出下列单词中，与其他三项词性不同的一项。 ( ) 1. A. run B. read C. jump D. book ( ) 2. A. big B. happy C. very D. tall ( ) 3. A. in B. on C. under D. is ( ) 4. A. I B. you C. my D. he ( ) 5. A. and B. but C. because D. this 一、将下列单词按要求分类，将序号填写在对应的横线上。 A. rice B. tiger C. ruler D. doctor E. car F. milk G. panda H. bus I. eraser J. nurse 1.动物类：__________ __________ 2.交通工具类：__________ __________ 3.食物饮品类：__________ __________ 4.学习用品类：__________ __________ 5.职业类：__________ __________ 二、读单词，选出每组中不同类的一项。 ( ) 1. A. rainy B. snowy C. wind D. cloudy ( ) 2. A. morning B. evening C. afternoon D. today ( ) 3. A. red B. colour C. blue D. yellow ( ) 4. A. sing B. dance C. song D. draw ( ) 5. A. hospital B. cinema C. park D. farmer 考点二 核心词形变化规则 一、名词词形变化 （一）名词单复数变化规则 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 特殊例外&易错点 规则变化1 一般情况，直接加-s book-books,pen-pens, cat-cats, desk-desks 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音/元音后读/z/ 规则变化2 以s/x/ch/sh结尾，加-es bus-buses,box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes 读音/ɪz/；例外：stomach-stomachs 规则变化3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，加-es baby-babies, family-families, city-cities, story-stories “元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s：boy-boys, day-days, toy-toys 规则变化4 以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v，加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves, wife-wives, shelf-shelves roof-roofs, chief-chiefs 规则变化5 以o结尾 ①有生命，加-es：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes ②无生命，加-s：photo-photos, piano-pianos, zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos, bamboo-bamboos 不规则变化 无固定规则，需特殊记忆 ①单复数同形：sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese ②元音变化：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth ③其他特殊：child-children people/police为复数概念；fish表条数单复同形，表种类加-es 不可数名词 无复数形式，不能直接加数词 water, milk, rice, bread, meat, news, homework 表数量需用量词：a cup of water, two pieces of bread （二）名词所有格变化规则（山东地区高频考点） 所有格类型 核心规则 高频例词 's所有格（有生命的名词） 1. 单数名词，直接加's 2. 以s结尾的复数名词，直接加' 3. 不以s结尾的不规则复数名词，加's 4. 共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加's；分别拥有，每个名词后都加's 1. Tom's book, my mother's bag 2. the students' classroom 3. Children's Day, Women's Day 4. Tom and Lucy's room（共同）；Tom's and Lucy's rooms（分别） of所有格（无生命的名词） 名词+of+名词 the door of the room, a map of China 二、动词词形变化（山东地区最高频考点，时态题核心） 小学阶段核心动词变化：第三人称单数（一般现在时）、现在分词（现在进行时）、过去式（一般过去时） （一）动词第三人称单数变化规则 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 一般情况 直接加-s run-runs, read-reads, play-plays 以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾 加-es pass-passes,watch-washes,go-goes, do-does 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i，加-es study-studies, fly-flies, worry-worries 不规则变化 单独记忆 have-has, be-is （二）动词现在分词变化规则 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 一般情况 直接加-ing read-reading, play-playing, walk-walking 以不发音的e结尾 去e，加-ing write-writing, ride-riding, have-having 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加-ing run-running, swim-swimming, sit-sitting, stop-stopping 以ie结尾 变ie为y，加-ing lie-lying, die-dying （三）动词过去式变化规则 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 规则变化1 一般情况，直接加-ed walk-walked, play-played, clean-cleaned 规则变化2 以不发音的e结尾，直接加-d live-lived, like-liked, use-used 规则变化3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，加-ed study-studied, worry-worried 规则变化4 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加-ed 不规则变化 山东高频核心词单独记忆 am/is-was, are-were, go-went, do-did, have-had, see-saw, say-said, eat-ate, get-got, make-made, take-took, come-came, run-ran 三、形容词&副词比较级和最高级变化规则 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 规则变化1 单音节词，一般直接加-er/-est tall-taller-tallest, short-shorter-shortest, fast-faster-fastest 规则变化2 以不发音的e结尾，直接加-r/-st nice-nicer-nicest, fine-finer-finest 规则变化3 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加-er/-est 规则变化4 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，加-er/-est happy-happier-happiest, easy-easier-easiest, early-earlier-earliest 规则变化5 双音节/多音节词 前面加more/most 不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well-better-best, bad/ill-worse-worst, many/much-more-most, little-less-least 四、数词变化规则（基数词→序数词） 核心口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th；一、二、三，特殊记，词尾字母t、d、d；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替；ty将y变成i，th前面有个e；若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 特殊变化（1-3） 无规则，单独记忆 one-first, two-second, three-third 4-19 一般加-th；特殊变形：eight-eighth, nine-ninth, five-fifth, twelve-twelfth four-fourth, six-sixth, seven-seventh 整十数（20,30…90） 变y为ie，加-th twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth, forty-fortieth 几十几 十位用基数词，个位用序数词，中间加连字符 twenty-one-twenty-first, thirty-five-thirty-fifth 高频易错 序数词缩写：数字+序数词最后两个字母 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st 一、写出下列单词的复数形式。 1.potato __________ 2. box __________ 3. child __________ 4.sheep __________ 5. knife __________ 6. woman __________ 二、写出下列动词的相应形式。 1.do（三单）__________ 2. swim（现在分词）__________ 3. go（过去式）__________ 4.have（三单）__________ 5. run（现在分词）__________ 6. see（过去式）__________ 三、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 1.big __________ __________ 2. good __________ __________ 3.happy __________ __________ 4. beautiful __________ __________ 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.There are many __________ (tomato) in the basket. 2.This is __________ (Lily and Lucy) bedroom. It's very clean. 3.My mother often __________ (watch) TV in the evening. 4.Look! The children __________ (play) football on the playground. 5.I __________ (go) to the park with my family yesterday. 6.Tom is __________ (tall) than me. He is the __________ (tall) in our class. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There are two __________ and three __________ in the room. A. man; woman B. men; women C. mans; womans ( ) 2. My brother __________ a new bike. He __________ it very much. A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; like ( ) 3. Which is __________, the sun or the moon? A. big B. bigger C. biggest ( ) 4. Today is my __________ birthday. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth ( ) 5. I __________ a nice film with my friend last weekend. A. see B. saw C. seeing 考点三 高频易混词辨析 一、易混名词辨析 易混词组 核心区别&用法 高频例句 family / home / house family：强调“家庭成员”；home：强调“家、家乡”（情感居住环境）；house：强调“房子、住宅”（建筑物） My family are very kind. We live in a big house. This is my warm home. job / work job：可数名词，指具体的“职业、工作”；work：不可数名词，指抽象的“工作、劳动”，也可作动词 My father goes to work every day. He has a good job as a teacher. problem / question problem：指需要“解决”的难题，搭配solve；question：指需要“回答”的问题，搭配ask/answer I can answer this question, but I can't solve this math problem. voice / noise / sound voice：指人的“嗓音”；noise：指“噪音”；sound：泛指自然界的一切“声音” The sound of the wind made a big noise, but her beautiful voice made me calm. 二、易混动词辨析（山东地区最高频易错考点） 易混词组 核心区别&用法 高频例句 look / see / watch / read look：强调“看”的动作，常与at连用； see：强调“看”的结果； watch：强调“观看”移动画面（比赛、电视）； read：指“阅读”文字内容 Look at the blackboard. Can you see the words clearly? I often watch TV after reading books. listen / hear listen to：强调“听”的动作； hear：强调“听”的结果 I listen to the teacher carefully, but I can't hear clearly. borrow / lend / keep borrow：“借入”，搭配borrow sth. from sb.；lend：“借出”，搭配lend sth. to sb.；keep：“保留、借用”，延续性动词，可与时间段连用 I borrowed a book from the library. My friend lent me a pen. I can keep the book for two weeks. bring / take / carry bring：“带来”，带到说话人所在地； take：“带走”，带离说话人所在地； carry：“搬运”，不强调方向，强调负重 Please bring your homework to me. Take your umbrella when you go out. Can you help me carry the heavy box? arrive / get / reach arrive：不及物动词，arrive in+大地点，arrive at+小地点； get：不及物动词，get to+地点； reach：及物动词，直接加地点 We arrived in Beijing yesterday. We got to the hotel at 6 o'clock. We reached the park early. say / speak / talk / tell say：强调“说”的内容； speak：强调“说”的动作、讲某种语言； talk：强调“交谈”，搭配talk with/to sb.； tell：强调“告诉、讲述”，搭配tell sb. sth. He says "hello" to me. He can speak English. We often talk about our hobbies. My grandma often tells me stories. spend / take / cost / pay spend：人作主语，spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.； take：It takes sb. some time to do sth.； cost：物作主语，sth. cost sb. money； pay：人作主语，pay money for sth. I spend two hours reading books every day. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school. The book cost me 20 yuan. I paid 20 yuan for the book. 三、易混介词&副词辨析 易混词组 核心区别&用法 高频例句 in / on / at（时间介词） in：年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上； on：具体某一天、星期几、具体某天的上午/下午； at：具体时刻、固定短语 in summer, in May; on Monday, on a cold morning; at 7 o'clock, at noon in front of / in the front of in front of：在物体外部的前面；in the front of：在物体内部的前面 The tree is in front of the classroom. The teacher's desk is in the front of the classroom. on the tree / in the tree on the tree：树本身长的东西（果实、叶子）； in the tree：外来物在树上（鸟、人） There are many apples on the tree. A bird is in the tree. too / also / either too：用于肯定句句末； also：用于肯定句句中； either：用于否定句句末 I also like English. I like music too. I don't like math either. too much / much too too much：太多，修饰不可数名词；much too：太，修饰形容词/副词 There is too much water in the cup. The box is much too heavy. how long / how soon / how often / how far how long：问时长、长度；how soon：问多久以后（将来时）；how often：问频率；how far：问距离 How long did you stay there? How soon will you come back? How often do you exercise? How far is it from here? 四、易混代词&形容词辨析 易混词组 核心区别&用法 高频例句 some / any some：用于肯定句，表请求、建议的疑问句也可用；any：用于否定句、疑问句 I have some books. I don't have any pens. Would you like some tea? many / much many：修饰可数名词复数；much：修饰不可数名词 There are many students in the classroom. There is much water in the bottle. a few / few / a little / little a few/few：修饰可数名词复数；a little/little：修饰不可数名词；带a表肯定，不带a表否定 I have a few friends here, but few of them live near me. I have a little milk, but little time to drink it. good / well good：形容词，修饰名词；well：副词，修饰动词，也可作形容词表“身体好” She is a good singer. She sings well. I'm very well today. 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —Would you like ________ coffee? —No, thanks. I don't have ________ coffee. A. some; any B. some; some C. any; any ( ) 2. My father often ________ newspapers, but now he is ________ a football match. A. reads; watching B. reads; seeing C. reading; watching ( ) 3. I ________ a book from the library yesterday, and I can ________ it for a week. A. borrowed; keep B. lent; keep C. borrowed; borrow ( ) 4. Please ________ your homework to school, and ________ your dirty clothes home. A. bring; take B. take; bring C. bring; bring ( ) 5. —________ do you go to the cinema? —Once a month. A. How long B. How often C. How soon 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There are ________ people in the park, but ________ water for them to drink. A. many; little B. much; few C. many; a little ( ) 2. He is a ________ student. He studies very . A. good; good B. good; well C. well; good ( ) 3. We arrived ________ the village ________ a rainy morning. A. at; on B. in; on C. at; in ( ) 4. The red apples ________ the tree are nice. A bird is singing ________ the tree. A. on; in B. in; on C. on; on ( ) 5. It ________ me two hours to finish my homework. I ________ a lot of time on it. A. cost; spent B. took; spent C. took; cost ( ) 6. — ________ is it from your home to school? —About 2 kilometers. A. How far B. How long C. How often ( ) 7. My ________ brother is 3 years ________ than me. A. elder; older B. older; elder C. elder; elder ( ) 8. I can't ________ the right word. Can you help me? A. look for B. find C. look at 考点四 高频固定搭配&短语归类 一、高频动词短语（山东地区核心考点） 核心动词 高频固定搭配 be动词 be from=come from 来自；be good at 擅长；be good for 对…有益；be bad for 对…有害；be interested in 对…感兴趣；be afraid of 害怕；be late for 迟到；be angry with 对…生气；be ready for 为…做好准备 have have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早/午/晚饭；have a good time=have fun 玩得开心；have a cold 感冒；have a fever 发烧；have a look 看一看；have a rest 休息一下；have classes 上课 get get up 起床；get to 到达；get on 上车；get off 下车；get ready for 为…做准备；get lost 迷路 go go to school 去上学；go to bed 上床睡觉；go home 回家；go shopping 去购物；go swimming 去游泳；go fishing 去钓鱼；go for a walk 去散步 look look at 看；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look like 看起来像；look up 查阅（字典）；look out 小心 take take photos 拍照；take a bus/train 乘公交/火车；take care of 照顾；take part in 参加；take off 脱下；起飞 put put on 穿上；put up 张贴；put away 收拾好；put down 放下 turn turn on 打开（电器）；turn off 关闭（电器）；turn up 调高（音量）；turn down 调低（音量）；turn left/right 向左/右转 make make friends 交朋友；make the bed 整理床铺；make a mistake 犯错误；make a noise 制造噪音 二、高频介词短语 介词分类 高频固定搭配 时间介词 in the morning/afternoon/evening；at noon/night；at the weekend；on weekdays；after school 放学后；after class 下课后 地点介词 at home 在家；at school 在学校；in the classroom 在教室里；on the playground 在操场上；in front of 在…前面；next to 紧挨着；between…and… 在…和…之间 其他固定搭配 by bike/bus/car/plane 骑自行车/乘公交/汽车/飞机；on foot 步行；with the help of 在…的帮助下；in English 用英语；at last 最后；at first 首先 三、情景交际固定短语（山东地区情景交际题核心考点） 场景 高频固定短语 问候 How do you do? 你好！ How are you? 你好吗？ Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 Long time no see. 好久不见。 感谢&应答 Thank you very much. 非常感谢。 You're welcome. 不客气。 It's my pleasure. 我的荣幸。 道歉&应答 Sorry. 对不起。 It doesn't matter. 没关系。 Never mind. 别介意。 祝福 Happy birthday! 生日快乐！ Happy New Year! 新年快乐！ Have a good time! 玩得开心！ 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. My sister is good ________ dancing. A. at B. in C. for ( ) 2. It's time to get ________, or we will be late for school. A. on B. up C. off ( ) 3. Would you like to go ________ with me this afternoon? A. swim B. swimming C. swims ( ) 4. Please turn ________ the light. It's dark in the room. A. on B. off C. up ( ) 5. I usually go to school ________ foot. A. by B. in C. on 二、选词填空，补全句子。 look after get to take part in be afraid of come from 1.I ________ Beijing. I'm a Chinese girl. 2.My grandma is ill. I must ________ her at home. 3.We will ________ the sports meeting next week. 4.I ________ snakes. They are too scary. 5.When do you usually ________ school every morning? 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Don't forget to turn ________ the TV before you go to bed. A. on B. off C. down ( ) 2. My mother often helps me ________ my English. A. with B. for C. at ( ) 3. We will ________ a sports meeting next month. A. put on B. have C. make ( ) 4. Look! The bus is coming. Let's get . A. on B. off C. up ( ) 5. —Thank you for your help. —________. A. You're welcome B. That's right C. All right ( ) 6. I often go to the park ________ my parents on weekends. A. and B. with C. for 二、英汉互译。 1.擅长 ______________ 2.照顾；照看 ______________ 3.去上学 ______________ 4.去购物 ______________ 5.be late for ______________ 6.have a good time ______________ 7.look like ______________ 8.on foot ______________ 考点五 特殊词汇 一、高频同音异形词 单词1 单词2 音标 核心释义 see sea /siː/ 看见；大海 right write /raɪt/ 正确的；右边的；写 meet meat /miːt/ 遇见；肉 for four /fɔː(r)/ 为了；四 here hear /hɪə(r)/ 这里；听见 there their /ðeə(r)/ 那里；他们的 sun son /sʌn/ 太阳；儿子 two too /tuː/ 二；也 no know /nəʊ/ 不；知道 bye buy by /baɪ/ I eye /aɪ/ 我；眼睛 week weak /wiːk/ 周；虚弱的 pair pear /peə(r)/ 一双；梨 wear where /weə(r)/ 穿；哪里 our hour /ˈaʊə(r)/ 我们的；小时 二、高频反义词&对应词 分类 高频反义词&对应词 尺寸&数量 big-small 大的-小的；long-short 长的-短的；tall-short 高的-矮的；fat-thin 胖的-瘦的；heavy-light 重的-轻的 时间&顺序 early-late 早的-晚的；first-last 第一的-最后的；before-after 在…之前-在…之后；old-new 旧的-新的；old-young 年老的-年轻的 方位&动作 come-go 来-去；open-close 打开-关闭；up-down 向上-向下；left-right 左边-右边；in-out 在里面-在外面；turn on-turn off 打开-关闭 性质&状态 happy-sad 开心的-伤心的；good-bad 好的-坏的；clean-dirty 干净的-肮脏的；same-different 相同的-不同的；hot-cold 热的-冷的；easy-difficult 容易的-困难的 人物对应 boy-girl 男孩-女孩；man-woman 男人-女人；father-mother 父亲-母亲；brother-sister 兄弟-姐妹 三、常用缩略词 缩略词 完整形式 中文释义 I'm I am 我是 you're you are 你是；你们是 he's he is / he has 他是；他有 she's she is / she has 她是；她有 it's it is / it has 它是；它有 isn't is not 不是 aren't are not 不是 don't do not 不；不要 doesn't does not 不（第三人称单数） didn't did not 不（过去式） can't cannot 不能；不会 let's let us 让我们 what's what is 是什么 where's where is 在哪里 who's who is 是谁 a.m. ante meridiem 上午 p.m. post meridiem 下午 UK United Kingdom 英国 USA United States of America 美国 PRC People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 一、写出下列单词的同音异形词。 1.see __________ 2. right __________ 3. for __________ 4.here __________ 5. sun __________ 6. two __________ 二、写出下列画线单词的反义词。 1.My ruler is short. But your ruler is __________. 2.The box is light. That box is __________. 3.Get up early, or you will be __________ for school. 4.My room is clean, but his room is __________. 三、写出下列缩略词的完整形式。 1.I'm __________ 2. don't __________ 3. let's __________ 4.isn't __________ 5. what's __________ 6. can't __________ 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Which of the following words has the same pronunciation as "sea"? A. see B. say C. sit ( ) 2. ________ is he? He is my father. A. What's B. Who's C. Where's ( ) 3. Which of the following is the opposite of "big"? A. long B. small C. tall ( ) 4. Which pair is NOT homophone（同音词）? A. meet-meat B. right-write C. see-say 二、判断下列每组单词发音是否相同，相同写“S”，不同写“D”。 ( ) 1. see sea ( ) 2. right write ( ) 3. for four ( ) 4. here hear ( ) 5. sun son 考点六 词汇题解题技巧 一、单项选择词汇题解题技巧 1.先看语境，再辨词义：先读懂句子语境，明确表达含义，再对比选项词义、词性、搭配，排除不符合语境的选项。 2.固定搭配优先：山东小升初高频考查固定短语和搭配，看到选项中的动词、介词，先联想对应的固定搭配，直接锁定正确答案。 3.词性排除法：根据句子结构，判断空格处需要的词性，排除词性不符的选项，缩小选择范围。 4.时态呼应法：针对动词辨析题，结合句子中的时间状语，判断时态，匹配动词的正确形式。 二、词汇运用题解题技巧 1.先定词性，再定词形：先根据句子结构判断空格处需要的词性，再结合语境确定单词，最后根据规则变化词形。 2.名词题：看单复数、所有格：看到名词，先看前面的修饰词（many, much, 数词），判断单复数；看是否表所属关系，判断是否用所有格。 3.动词题：看时态、人称：看到动词，先找时间状语，判断时态，再看主语人称，匹配动词的正确形式。 4.形容词/副词题：看等级：看到形容词/副词，先看是否有than等标志词，判断是否用比较级/最高级；看修饰的是名词还是动词，判断用形容词还是副词。 三、完形填空词汇题解题技巧 1.先通读全文，把握主旨：先跳过空格，通读全文，了解文章的主题、时态、语境，避免断章取义。 2.上下文联动：很多空格的答案在上下文有提示，比如同义词、反义词、原词复现，结合前后文语境锁定答案。 3.先易后难：先做有固定搭配、词义明确的简单题，再做需要结合上下文的难题。 4.代入验证：选完答案后，把单词代入原文，通读一遍，检查语法是否正确、语义是否通顺。 一、完型填空。 Last Sunday, I 1.________ (go) to the zoo 2.________ my family. We 3.________ (see) many animals. I 4.________ (be) very happy. We 5.________ (have) a good time. ( ) 1. A. go B. went C. goes ( ) 2. A. with B. and C. for ( ) 3. A. see B. saw C. sees ( ) 4. A. am B. was C. were ( ) 5. A. had B. have C. has 一、完型填空。 My name is Amy. I 1.________ (be) a student. I 2.________ (get) up at 6:30 every morning. I 3.________ (have) breakfast at 7:00. Then I 4.________ (go) to school. I 5.________ (like) English very much. ( ) 1. A. am B. is C. are ( ) 2. A. gets B. get C. got ( ) 3. A. has B. have C. had ( ) 4. A. went B. goes C. go ( ) 5. A. likes B. like C. liked 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There are three ________ in the room. A. woman B. women C. womans ( ) 2. My brother often ________ up at 6:30 in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got ( ) 3. —Would you like ________ milk? —Yes, please. A. some B. any C. many ( ) 4. Which is , the elephant or the rabbit? A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest ( ) 5. I ________ to the zoo with my friend last Saturday. A. go B. goes C. went ( ) 6. My mother is a teacher. She works in ________ middle school. A. a B. an C. / ( ) 7. — is the T-shirt? —It's 80 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How old ( ) 8. I usually go to school ________ bike. A. on B. by C. in ( ) 9. Please ________ the radio. I want to listen to the news. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down ( ) 10. My home is ________ the school, so I walk to school every day. A. far from B. near C. in front of ( ) 11. Can you ________ English? Yes, only a little. A. say B. speak C. talk ( ) 12. There is ________ water in the bottle. A. many B. much C. a few ( ) 13. Today is my ________ birthday. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth ( ) 14. —________ do you get up? —At 6:30. A. What time B. Where C. How ( ) 15. I'm good at ________. A. sing B. singing C. sings 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.There are many ________ (potato) in the kitchen. 2.This is ________ (Lily) pen. It's very nice. 3.My father ________ (watch) TV every evening. 4.Listen! The bird ________ (sing) in the tree. 5.I ________ (go) to Beijing with my family last summer. 6.Tom is ________ (short) than me. But he runs ________ (fast) than me. 7.This is the ________ (three) time I come here. 8.How many ________ (sheep) are there on the farm? 9.You should do your homework ________ (careful). 10.My mother often tells me stories. She is a good ________ (storytell). 三、选词填空，补全句子。 look after, look for, get to, take part in, be good at, too much, how often, how far, in front of , between 1.My sister ________ drawing. She draws very well. 2.I must ________ my little brother at home, because my mother is out. 3.We will ________ the singing competition next week. 4.When do you usually ________ the park? 5.I'm ________ my keys. I can't find them anywhere. 6.There is a big tree ________ the house. 7.________ is it from your home to the supermarket? 8.________ do you play sports? Three times a week. 9.Don't eat ________ junk food. It's bad for your health. 10.The bank is ________ the hospital and the supermarket. 四、按要求完成下列各题。 1.tomato（复数形式）__________ 2.go（过去式）__________ 3.thin（比较级）__________ 4.one（序数词）__________ 5.I would（缩写形式）__________ 6.they're（完整形式）__________ 7.big（反义词）__________ 8.see（同音词）__________ 9.is not（缩写形式）__________ 10.have（第三人称单数）__________ 五、阅读理解，根据短文内容，选择合适的单词填空。 went was played had happy by with ate watched good Last weekend, I ________ a very ________ time. I ________ to the park ________ my family. We went there ________ bus. We ________ games in the park. We ________ delicious food. In the evening, we ________ TV at home. It ________ a great day. I was very ________. 答案与解析 考点一 考点再现：一、1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D 二、1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 过关训练：一、1. B G 2. E H 3. A F 4. C I 5. D J 二、1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 考点二 考点再现：一、1. potatoes 2. boxes 3. children 4. sheep 5. knives 6. women 二、1. does 2. swimming 3. went 4. has 5. running 6. saw 三、1. bigger; biggest 2. better; best 3. happier; happiest 4. more beautiful; most beautiful 过关训练：一、1. tomatoes 2. Lily and Lucy's 3. watches 4. are playing 5. went 6. taller; tallest 二、1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 考点三 考点再现：1.A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 过关训练：1.A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 考点四 考点再现：一、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 二、1. come from 2. look after 3. take part in 4. am afraid of 5. get to 过关训练：一、1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 二、1. be good at 2. look after 3. go to school 4. go shopping 5. 迟到 6. 玩得开心 7. 看起来像 8. 步行 考点五 考点再现：一、1. sea 2. write 3. four 4. hear 5. son 6. too/to 二、1. long 2. heavy 3. late 4. dirty 三、1. I am 2. do not 3. let us 4. is not 5. what is 6. cannot 过关训练：一、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 二、1. S 2. S 3. S 4. S 5. S 考点六 考点再现：1.B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 过关训练：1.A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 一、选出下列每组单词中划线部分发音不同的一项。 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 1.B 解析：考查名词复数不规则变化，woman的复数是women，故选B。 2.B 解析：考查动词第三人称单数，时间状语often表一般现在时，主语My brother是第三人称单数，动词用gets，故选B。 3.A 解析：考查some/any辨析，表请求、建议的疑问句用some，故选A。 4.B 解析：考查形容词比较级，两者之间对比用比较级，heavy的比较级是heavier，故选B。 5.C 解析：考查动词过去式，时间状语last Saturday表一般过去时，go的过去式是went，故选C。 6.A 解析：考查冠词用法，middle是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a，故选A。 7.B 解析：考查疑问词辨析，答句是价格，用how much提问，故选B。 8.B 解析：考查介词固定搭配，by bike 骑自行车，固定用法，故选B。 9.A 解析：考查动词短语辨析，turn on打开，turn off关闭，turn down调低；根据句意“想听新闻”，选打开，故选A。 10.B 解析：考查介词辨析，根据“walk to school”可知家离学校近，near在…附近，故选B。 11.B 解析：考查动词辨析，说某种语言用speak，故选B。 12.B 解析：考查many/much辨析，water是不可数名词，用much修饰，故选B。 13.B 解析：考查序数词用法，“第十二个生日”用序数词twelfth，前面有形容词性物主代词my，不加the，故选B。 14.A 解析：考查疑问词辨析，答句是具体时刻，用what time提问，故选A。 15.B 解析：考查固定用法，be good at后接动名词形式，sing的动名词是singing，故选B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. potatoes 2. Lily's 3. watches 4. is singing 5. went 6. shorter; faster 7. third 8. sheep 9. carefully 10. storyteller 【解析】 1.potatoes 解析：many修饰可数名词复数，potato的复数是potatoes。 2.Lily's 解析：表所属关系，用名词所有格Lily's。 3.watches 解析：every evening表一般现在时，主语My mother是第三人称单数，动词用watches。 4.is singing 解析：Listen!表现在进行时，结构为be+现在分词，主语The bird是单数，用is singing。 5.went 解析：last summer表一般过去时，go的过去式是went。 6.shorter; faster 解析：than是比较级标志，两个空都用比较级。 7.third 解析：“第三次”用序数词third。 8.sheep 解析：sheep单复数同形，how many后接复数，仍为sheep。 9.carefully 解析：修饰动词do用副词，careful的副词是carefully。 10.storyteller 解析：根据句意“妈妈是个好的讲故事的人”，填storyteller。 三、选词填空，补全句子。 1.is good at 2. look after 3. take part in 4. get to 5. looking for 6.in front of 7. How far 8. How often 9. too much 10. between 【解析】 1. 句意“我妹妹擅长画画，她画得很好”，be good at 擅长，主语My sister是单数，故填is good at。 2. 句意“我必须在家照顾我的小弟弟，因为我妈妈出去了”，look after 照顾，must后接动词原形，故填look after。 3. 句意“我们下周将参加歌唱比赛”，take part in 参加，will后接动词原形，故填take part in。 4. 句意“你通常什么时候到达公园？”，get to 到达，助动词do后接动词原形，故填get to。 5. 句意“我正在找我的钥匙，我到处都找不到它们”，look for 寻找，结合I'm可知用现在进行时，故填looking for。 6. 句意“房子前面有一棵大树”，in front of 在……前面，符合语境，故填in front of。 7. 句意“从你家到超市有多远？”，答句是距离，用How far 提问，故填How far。 8. 句意“你多久做一次运动？一周三次”，答句是频率，用How often 提问，故填How often。 9. 句意“不要吃太多垃圾食品，它对你的健康有害”，too much 太多，修饰不可数名词junk food，故填too much。 10. 句意“银行在医院和超市之间”，between...and... 在……和……之间，固定搭配，故填between。 四、按要求完成下列各题。 1. tomatoes 2. went 3. thinner 4. first 5. I'd 6. they are 7. small 8. sea 9. isn't 10. has 【解析】 1. tomato 复数变化规则：以o结尾且有生命，加-es，故填tomatoes。 2. go 的过去式为不规则变化，故填went。 3. thin 是重读闭音节词，比较级双写末尾辅音字母加-er，故填thinner。 4. one 的序数词为特殊变化，故填first。 5. I would 的缩写形式为I'd，固定缩写规则。 6. they're 的完整形式为they are，缩写还原规则。 7. big 意为“大的”，反义词为“小的”，故填small。 8. see 的音标为/siː/，同音词为sea（大海），故填sea。 9. is not 的缩写形式为isn't，固定缩写规则。 10. have 的第三人称单数形式为has，不规则变化，故填has。 五、阅读理解，根据短文内容，选择合适的单词填空。 1. had 2. good 3. went 4. with 5. by 6. played 7. ate 8. watched 9. was 10. happy 【解析】 1. 结合时间状语Last weekend，用一般过去时，have a good time 玩得开心，have的过去式为had，故填had。 2. 固定搭配have a good time，故填good。 3. go to the park 去公园，一般过去时中go的过去式为went，故填went。 4. 句意“我和我的家人去了公园”，with 表示“和……一起”，故填with。 5. by bus 乘公交车，固定介词搭配，故填by。 6. play games 玩游戏，一般过去时中play的过去式为played，故填played。 7. eat delicious food 吃美味的食物，一般过去时中eat的过去式为ate，故填ate。 8. watch TV 看电视，一般过去时中watch的过去式为watched，故填watched。 9. 主语It 是单数，一般过去时中be动词用was，故填was。 10. 我很快乐，be+情感词，be happy，故填happy。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $