专题13 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（动词与动词短语）-2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了动词与动词短语的核心内容，涵盖动词分类（实义、系、助、情态动词）、形态变化（三单、过去式、分词等）、短语构成方式及高频短语，辅以易错考点解析，构建完整知识体系。 清单通过结构化表格呈现知识，如动词分类表明确定义、例句，形态变化表归纳规则与示例，易错考点表对比错误与正确用法。特别设计“动词短语宾语位置规则”“非延续性动词转换示例”等实用模块，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，助力学生自主复习，为教师教学提供清晰框架。

2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题13 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（动词与动词短语） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 动词及动词的分类 分类 定义与特点 常见动词 例句 实义动词 表示具体动作或状态，有完整词义，可独立作谓语。分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）。 buy, work, run, eat, write, arrive, laugh She bought a book. / He works hard. 系动词 本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语连用，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, become, turn, grow, keep He is a teacher. / The soup tastes delicious. / She looks tired. 助动词 无独立词义，不能单独作谓语，用于帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等。 do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall, am/is/are/was/were I am watching TV. / They don’t like coffee. 情态动词 有一定意义，表示语气、能力、许可、义务等，必须与实义动词原形连用，无人称和数的变化。 can, could, may, might, must, should, need, dare, would Tom can swim. / May I come in? / You must finish your homework. 动词的形态变化 变化类型 规则 示例（动词原形 → 变化形式） 第三人称单数（-s/-es） 1. 一般加 -s 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾加 -es 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -es work → works fix → fixes, go → goes study → studies 过去式与过去分词（规则变化） 1. 一般加 -ed 2. 以 e 结尾加 -d 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed 4. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音再加 -ed play → played live → lived study → studied stop → stopped 不规则变化（常见示例） 需记忆，无统一规则 be → was/were → been have → had → had go → went → gone see → saw → seen take → took → taken 现在分词（-ing 形式） 1. 一般加 -ing 2. 去 e 加 ing（如：write → writing） 3. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音再加 -ing 4. ie 结尾变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing run → running write → writing sit → sitting die → dying 动词短语构成方式 结构类型 构成方式 语法规则 典型示例 例句 动词 + 介词 V + Prep（介词） 必须接宾语，且宾语置于介词后；整体为及物结构 look at, wait for, listen to, care for, depend on Please look at the blackboard. / We are waiting for the bus. 动词 + 副词 V + Adv（副词） 可及物或不及物；若宾语是代词，必须放在动词与副词之间；若为名词，位置较灵活 turn on, put off, get up, give up, take out Turn it on.（✓） Turn on it.（✗） Turn the light on. / Turn on the light.（✓） 动词 + 名词 + 介词 V + N + Prep 固定搭配，名词作直接宾语，介词引出对象 take care of, make friends with, pay attention to, have a look at We should take care of our eyes. / I want to make friends with him. 高频动词短语 核心动词 动词短语 中文意思 用法辨析 例句 look look at 看……（强调动作） 强调“注视”，后接宾语 Look at the picture! look look for 寻找（过程） 强调“寻找的过程”，与 find（结果）对应 I'm looking for my keys. look look after 照顾，照看 #VALUE! She looks after her little sister. look look up 查阅（资料）；向上看 查字典用 look up the word I looked up the word in the dictionary. take take care of 照顾 Parents take care of their children. take take off 起飞；脱下 飞机起飞 / 脱衣服 The plane will take off soon. take take part in 参加（活动） 强调参与正式活动 He took part in the competition. take take place 发生（无被动） The meeting took place yesterday. put put on 穿上；上演 穿衣 / 戏剧上演 Put on your coat. put put off 推迟 They put off the meeting. put put up 举起；张贴；搭建 举手 / 张贴海报 / 建帐篷 He put up his hand. put put down 放下；镇压 放下物品 / 镇压叛乱 Please put down the book. get get up 起床 不及物，无宾语 I get up at 6 a.m. get get on 上车；进展 get on the bus / get on well with sb How are you getting on with your study? get get off 下车 反义于 get on Please get off the bus carefully. get get along with 与……相处 用于人际关系 She gets along well with her classmates. give give up 放弃 Don't give up easily. give give in 屈服，投降 give in to pressure He finally gave in. give give out 分发；耗尽 分发资料 / 力气耗尽 The teacher gave out the papers. 易错考点 考点类别 常见错误 正确用法与解析 示例对比 情态动词答语混淆 回答 need 问句时用 needn't 表肯定 错误：—Need I go now? —Yes, you needn't. 正确：—Need I go now? —Yes, you must. —Must I finish it today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 非延续性动词误用于持续时态 使用 die, arrive, leave 等表示持续状态 这些动词不能与 for/since 引导的持续时间段连用 ✗ He has died for two years. ✓ He died two years ago. / He has been dead for two years. 动词短语宾语位置错误 代词作宾语时未放在副词前 动词+副词结构中，代词宾语必须插在中间 ✗ Turn on it. ✓ Turn it on. 系动词后误用副词 在 feel, look, sound 等后用副词修饰主语 系动词后接形容词作表语，不可用副词 ✗ He looks badly. ✓ He looks bad. 近义动词/短语混淆 mix up look for / find, borrow / lend, join / take part in 区分动作过程与结果、方向性差异 —I'm looking for my phone.（还没找到） —I found it!（已找到） ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 一、单项选择 1．—There is ________ with my electric car. It doesn’t work. —OK. I’ll have someone ________ it for you first. A．something wrong; to check B．wrong nothing; check C．something wrong; check D．wrong something; to check 2．The sports watch ________ be Bob’s because he is the only one who wears this kind of watch. A．can’t B．might C．must D．could 3．There ________ a computer and some chairs in the library. They are for students. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．I missed the school bus, so I ________ take a taxi to school this morning. A．could B．must C．should D．had to 5．You have a bad cold. You ________ drink more warm water and have a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．would’t D．could 6．—Lucy, you should hurry up. You only have 15 minutes to finish your English test. —It doesn’t matter. 15 minutes ________ enough for me. A．was B．were C．is D．are 7．—When do you think is the best time to visit Dunhuang? —You ________ go there in early summer. It’s not too hot in the daytime. A．have to B．must C．had better D．would 8．You ________ take an umbrella with you. The sky is cloudy, and it might rain this afternoon. A．mustn’t B．should C．can’t D．needn’t 9．—How much do you need? —Twenty dollars ________ enough. A．has B．have C．is D．are 10．The funny story made us ________ happily. A．to laugh B．laughed C．laugh D．laughing 11．The doctors and nurses often ________ the patients ________ take medicine on time. A．warn; to B．allow; to C．remind; to D．require; of 12．If you really don’t know ________ at the wedding party, you can come to me. A．who will talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 13．The soldier ________ the national flag every day when the sun ________. A．rises, raises B．rises, rises C．raises, rises D．raises, raises 14．My parents always ________ me to keep a reading journal after finishing a book. A．advice B．advise C．advise to D．advising 15．There ________ a science lab and two computer labs now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 16．Junk food ________ delicious but it is bad for our health. A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels 17．— ________ ________ penguins come from? — They come from Antarctica. A．Why; are B．Where; are C．Why; do D．Where; do 18．—What ________ he ________ when he first arrived in New York? —He felt a little nervous. A．does; feel B．did; feel C．does; felt D．did; felt 19．—________ Femi ________ his uncle up at the airport (机场) this afternoon? —Yes, he is. A．Will; pick B．Does; pick C．Is; going to pick D．Are; going to pick 20．I ________ go to bed ________ my mother came back last night. A．didn’t; until B．/; until C．don’t; until D．/; till 21．—________ your neighbor ________ the broken washing machine for you? —Yes, he ________ it last Monday. He is so kind. A．Does; repair; repairs B．Did; repair; repaired C．Did; repaired; repaired D．Was; repair; repaired 22．Let’s ________ about our dreams and careers. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 23．The interesting movie made the children ________ happily. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 24．The teacher often makes the students ________ their own ideas in class. A．to share B．share C．shared D．sharing 25．They ________ a survey about what people in Beijing like to do in their free time during the trip. A．put out B．put on C．carried out D．carried on 26．Children in poor areas usually have little chance to use computers, so they may ________ on many things. A．give up B．miss out C．carry on D．look out 27．During my last visit, 150 patients ________ by our volunteer doctors. A．are operated on B．were operated on C．were operated D．are operating on 28．—Your teapot is so beautiful. Is it ________ purple clay? —Yes, and it is made ________. It can make the tea taste good. A．made of; with hand B．made from; in hand C．made of; in hand D．made from; by hand 29．Everyone ________ time waits for no man, but some students still spend a lot of time playing computer games. A．seem know B．seems know C．seem to know D．seems to know 30．—What do you think of your school dining hall? —Great! It can ________ healthy and delicious food ________ us. A．give; for B．offer; with C．provide; for D．provide; with 31．—Jim, why are you late? We’ve waited for you for so long. —Sorry. But when I tried to find a place for parking, they were all ________. A．turned up B．stayed up C．taken up D．put up 32．It’s said that old photos can ________ happy childhood memories to adults. A．come back B．get back C．give back D．bring back 33．The 47th World Skills Competition, held in France, was a stage not only for ________ people's skills, but for culture sharing. A．showing off B．taking on C．resting in D．depending on 34．Yan’an ________ on the banks of the Yanhe River. It is ________ the base of the Communist Party of China. A．sits, known as B．rests, known for C．lies, famous for D．rests, knows as 35．If you feel too angry about the matter, just take a walk to ________. A．take down B．break down C．show off D．cool off 36．The students should ________ the exercise books to everyone before class. A．give out B．give away C．put up D．put off 37．—The box ________ too much room. Can you take it away? —Sorry, I’ll move it to my room at once. A．tidies up B．puts up C．takes up D．makes up 38．If you want to improve your oral English quickly, you ________ the AI speaking tool recommended by our English teacher as it’s free and effective. A．have no idea about B．can’t get used to C．are afraid of D．can’t go wrong with 39．Do you often ________ your pen friend? A．hear from B．think about C．wait for D．look after 40．It’s difficult for me to ________ learning. It’s too noisy outside. A．go with B．focus on C．belong to D．pick up 41．We have every reason to believe that progress in new technology will ________ a more wonderful life. A．take in B．turn into C．make up D．lead to 二、短文填空 1 在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I’m 42 10-year-old boy. It is Saturday today. My parents, my sister and I get up early. We eat breakfast early 43 we want to go to the zoo early. When we get to the zoo, there 44 (be) many people in it. My mother likes pandas very much, so we go to see them first. Some 45 (panda) are eating under trees. My mother says, “They are so   46 (love)!” But I think they are lazy. They sleep all day. Next, we see the giraffes. My sister is 47 (real) happy. They are her favorite animals. My sister 48 (want) to give some food to them. But my mother stops her,“ Don’t do that! We can’t give food to these animals. It’s one of the 49 (rule) in the zoo.” Then we see many other animals in the zoo.” After we come back home from the zoo, our parents tell us,“Animals are our good friends. We should be friendly 50 them. Many animals are in danger now. We can do some things to save 51 (they).” It is a great day and I learn a lot. 2 Friendship is very important in our life. If there is no friend, life would be 52 (bored). No matter who we are and where we are from, we need someone to talk to and someone to share special moments with. I have many 53 (friend) in my country. I knew some of them when I was young. But when I 54 (move) to a new country, I didn’t have any friends. All my friends were away 55 me. I was very 56 (lonely) and you couldn’t imagine how much I 57 (miss) them. Time passed by and I have some new friends now. When I have some problems and don’t know what 58 (do), they always help me solve them. They are just like my own brothers or 59 (sister). I always tell them everything and listen to them. Besides, having good friends makes me feel   60 (comfortable) than before. Now I know friendship makes our life colourful and 61 (wonder). Friends are always there for us. They laugh with us during the happy times and provide us with a shoulder when we feel like crying. Life without friendship is like the sky without the sun. Do you think so? 3 Winter is a good time for skiing. It is not only for young people, but also for Liu Zhihua, 62 89-year-old grandma, too. Liu comes from Urumqi, Xinjiang. She becomes a local star because of her great skiing 63 (skill). She began to learn to ski at the age of 72. Many people think that it’s dangerous for old people 64 (ski). But Liu’s children let her try this sport instead of helping them to look 65 their children every day. Liu went skiing for the first time in 2007. Later she became more and more 66 (interest) in it. Now she loves this sport. Liu practises skiing very hard. With the help of 67 ski teachers, Liu skis about two hours every time. She often meets young people while skiing. Many of them are 68 (friend) to her. It’s interesting for Liu to ski with them. This makes her feel young and happy. Liu feels lucky to learn this sport 69 she doesn’t have to see other people have fun like a visitor. “ 70 (do) sports makes me healthy and happy every day,” Liu says. “I don’t think age 71 (be) a problem for me. I feel I’m still young.” 4 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, is one of China’s 72 (important) traditional festivals. It usually 73 (fall) on April 4th 74 5th each year. People 75 (celebrate) this festival for over 2,500 years. Honoring Ancestors (祭祖): During Qingming, families visit the graves of their ancestors. They clean the tombs, offer food, and burn incense. This tradition has been passed down for generations. It is a way 76 (show) respect and remember loved ones who have passed away. Spring Outings: Qingming is also a time to enjoy nature. Many people go on spring outings, fly kites, or have picnics. The festival marks the 77 (begin) of warmer weather, and people have enjoyed these activities for 78 (century). Traditional Food: People often eat qingtuan, 79 green rice cake made with mugwort. This special food has been a part of the festival since ancient times. The Qingming Festival is not only about 80 (remember) the past but also about celebrating life and nature. Over the years, some traditions have changed, but the spirit 81 Qingming remains the same. 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Sahara Desert is in the north of Africa. It is the 82 (large) hot desert in the world, covering about 9,000,000 square kilometres. Life there in the past was much 83 (difficult) for humans than in other places. The Sahara Desert has some of the 84 (terrible) living conditions on earth. It is very hot and dry all year round. The 85 (high) temperature there once reached 58℃. Camels (骆驼) are the 86 (useful) means of transportation (交通工具) for people in the Sahara Desert. Oil is one of the 87 (valuable) mineral resources (矿产资源) in the Sahara Desert. After the people there found oil, they started to sell it to other countries. But the living conditions in the Sahara Desert were still hard. People were worried about the conditions getting 88 (bad) than before. The government tried hard to plant trees. As a result, the Sahara Desert became 89 (beautiful) than before. The Sahara reminds us that nature is just as 90 (important) as humans’ development. The more we protect nature, the 91 (good) our lives will become. So, we should pay more attention to the natural world. 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday morning, Tommy got up early and ran for half an hour. After returning home, he noticed that his mum looked very tired and had no time for breakfast, 92 he decided to make a surprise breakfast for her. Though the morning sun was bright, Tommy still turned 93 the light to see clearly. Then, he took out a knife to cut some 94 (thing). He was so careless that he cut his finger. It bled right away! He felt 95 (scare) because the cut was terrible. Mum heard his small cry and entered the kitchen. “Don’t move, Tommy!” she said. She got a clean towel, put it on his finger, and 96 (press) gently. “This can help stop the bleeding,” she explained softly. 97 (lucky), the cut was small. Mum sat with Tommy and said, “We need to avoid 98 (rush) when using knives. Safety (安全) always comes 99 (one) in the kitchen. We should protect 100 (we).” Tommy nodded and he knew he was wrong. Then, Mum helped him put on 101 bandage (创可贴). “Let’s make pancakes together,” she said with a smile. They mixed the batter (面糊) and cooked it. This time, Tommy stirred the batter carefully. 7 Through the 144-hour visa-free transit policy, Sofia Reznikova, a 31-year-old lady from Russia, started her trip to China. The first highlight of her stay in Shenzhen was the robotic delivery service. “It is fun 102 (get) food as a cute robot arrives at my door with my meal,” said Reznikova. After 103 (choose) her meal, the staff put the food into the robot’s “belly”. With the room number entered, the robot would make 104 (it) way to the lift and ride up to the correct room. “This 105 (help) with food safety, as hotel guests can receive their meals 106 (safe) ,” she said. “And this is a lot safer 107 guests don’t have to meet anyone.” She also enjoyed the robot’s friendly words like, “Hello! Your meal has arrived!”. Thanks to the robot, she found it 108 (easy) to have a meal than before. She also had an amazing experience at the Chimelong Safari Park in Guangzhou. There, she used the “Chimelong AR Zoo” on her phone. “The app uses AR to help 109 (visit) interact with the park’s wildlife,” she said. Using the app, she could see virtual animals appear truly 110 front of her. It also made sure she didn’t miss any must-sees. 111 she walked through the park, she learned many fun facts about the animals from the app. “I felt a sense of unbelievable comfort during my travels in China,” Reznikova said. 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Online shopping has become something very common for young people. But most of the old people have 112 (difficult) buying things online. Therefore, offline buy-for-you (线下代购) stores are becoming very popular 113 the old. Li Hui, 114 84-year-old man from Dalian city, says, “I think it’s convenient to buy things in a large store and I like shopping there. But I couldn’t find my favourite CD in the large stores. It’s very convenient to buy things online. 115 , I don’t know 116 I can learn to use the computer or not. After I happened to find this offline buy-for-you store, I made a 117 (decide) to have a try. Finally, I got the opera CD I’d dreamed of for several years. I was so happy. Since then, I have 118 (become) crazy about offline shopping.” The store owner Liu Min says in order to meet the needs of people who want to buy things online but can’t use the computer, she started the business of offline buy-for-you. In the past ten days, she 119 (receive) more than 20 orders from customers (顾客). Liu Min is not the only one who finds the large need of this kind of service. In Dalian city, more than 300 such stores 120 (open) their doors only in March. The offline buy-for-you stores make it much 121 (easy) for some people, especially the old, to shop online than the old way. 三、完成句子 122．她为自己的错误向我道歉。 She ________ ________ me for her mistake. 123．现代科技使我们可以和全世界的人们交流。 The modern technology allows us ________ ________ ________ people all over the world. 124．我对绘画的兴趣源自小学时的美术课。 My interest in painting ________ ________ the art classes I took in primary school. 125．明月在夜晚照亮寂静的村庄。 The bright moon ________ ________ the quiet village at night. 126．那个女孩非常有创造力，她总是提出新主意。 The girl is very creative, and she always ________ ________ ________ new ideas. 127．你最好报名参加一次线上旅行。 You’d better _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ ________. 128．当我们旅行时，体验当地的传统打开一扇了解不同文化的窗口。 When we travel, experiencing local traditions ________ ________ ________ ________ the local culture. 129．我感觉像亲自去了那里。 I ________ ________ I was there ________ ________. 130．我可以和我的朋友及家人保持联系。   I can ________ ________ ________ with my friends and family. 131．不要用筷子发出声响。 Do not ________ ________ ________ with chopsticks. 132．让我们尽释前嫌，重新开始。 Let’s ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and start fresh. 133．不好意思，你能告诉我饭店在哪里吗？ ________ ________, could you tell me where the restaurant is? 134．他没有信守诺言。 He ________ ________ keep his promise. 135．会议结束后，我就回家。 After the meeting, I’ll ________ ________ home. 136．我们需要立即处理这个问题。 We need to ________ ________ the problem immediately. 137．请不要把你的作业拖到明天。 Please don’t ________ ________ your homework till tomorrow. 138．你准备参加篮球队的选拔吗? Are you going to _______ _______ for the basketball team? 139．很多人因为大雪生病了。 Many people ______ ______ ______ ______ the heavy snow. 140．在老师的帮助下，汤姆终于攻克了那道难题。 With the teacher’s help, Tom finally ________ ________ the difficult math problem. 141．虽然史密斯先生感冒了, 但他并没有缺勤。 Mr Smith has a cold, but he isn’t _________ _________ work. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：——我的电动车出毛病了。它不工作了。——好的。我先让人帮你检查一下。 形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，故第一空用something wrong；“have sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，第二空用动词原形check。 2．C 【解析】句意：这块运动手表一定是鲍勃的，因为他是唯一戴这种手表的人。 can’t不可能；might可能；must一定；could可能。根据“because he is the only one who wears this kind of watch”可知，他是唯一戴这种表的人，推测语气非常肯定，表示“一定”。故选C。 3．A 【解析】句意：图书馆里有一台电脑和一些椅子。它们是给学生用的。 根据后句“They are for students.”可知时态为一般现在时；there be句型遵循就近原则，离空格最近的主语是“a computer”，为单数，所以be动词用is。 4．D 【解析】句意：我错过了校车，所以今天早上我不得不乘出租车去学校。 could能；must必须；should应该；had to不得不。根据“missed”可知句子是一般过去时，must表主观意愿，语境表示因错过校车而客观上“不得不”打车，had to符合时态和句意。 5．B 【解析】句意：你得了重感冒。你应该多喝温水并好好休息。 can’t不能；should应该；wouldn’t不会；could能够。根据“You have a bad cold.”可知，得了重感冒应该多喝温水并好好休息，应填should。 6．C 【解析】句意：——露西，你应该快点。你只有15分钟来完成你的英语测试。——没关系。15分钟对我来说是足够了。 was是（过去式单数）；were是（过去式复数）；is是（现在式单数）；are是（现在式复数）。表示时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。根据“15 minutes”可知是一段时间，看作整体，且上下文语境为一般现在时。故选C。 7．C 【解析】句意：——你认为什么时候是参观敦煌的最佳时间？——你最好初夏去那里。白天不太热。 have to不得不，must必须，had better最好，would将会。根据问句询问最佳时间以及答语后半句解释天气原因，可知说话人在提出建议。had better用于提出建议，符合语境。 8．B 【解析】句意：你应该随身带把伞。天空多云，今天下午可能会下雨。 mustn’t禁止；should应该；can’t不能；不会；needn’t不必。根据“The sky is cloudy, and it might rain this afternoon.”可知，可能会下雨，因此建议带伞。should表示建议，意为“应该”。 9．C 【解析】句意：——你需要多少钱？——二十美元就够了。 has有，单数；have有，复数；is是，单数；are是，复数。根据“Twenty dollars”可知，表示金钱、时间、距离等词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，此句是主系表结构，应填is。 10．C 【解析】句意：这个有趣的故事让我们开心地笑了。 此处考查固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”，意为“使某人做某事”，make后接动词原形laugh作宾语补足语。 11．C 【解析】句意：医生和护士经常提醒病人按时吃药。 warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；require sth. of sb.向某人要求某物；分析句子结构，此处需填入动词及后续搭配构成动词+sb.+to do结构。根据语境，医护人员督促病人按时服药，用“提醒”最符合逻辑。 12．C 【解析】句意：如果你真的不知道在婚礼上要和谁交谈，你可以来找我。 句中“know”后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，也可接宾语从句；且“talk”是不及物动词，后接对象需加介词“to”或“with”；应填who to talk to。 13．C 【解析】句意：每天太阳升起时，士兵都会升国旗。 raise举起，及物动词，后接宾语；rise上升，不及物动词，后不接宾语。时态为一般现在时，第一空后有宾语“the national flag”，主语为第三人称单数，应用raises；第二空后无宾语，主语为第三人称单数，应填rises。 14．B 【解析】句意：我的父母总是建议我在读完一本书后写读书笔记。 advice建议（名词）；advise建议（动词）；advise to结构错误；advising建议（现在分词/动名词）。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，故填advise。 15．A 【解析】句意：现在有一个科学实验室和两个计算机实验室。 is是（现在式单数）；are是（现在式复数）；was是（过去式单数）；were是（过去式复数）。根据时间状语“now”可知句子为一般现在时，排除 C、D；there be句型遵循就近原则，离be动词最近的主语“a science lab”是单数，故be动词用is。 16．C 【解析】句意：垃圾食品尝起来很美味，但它对我们的健康有害。 looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；feels摸起来。根据“Junk food”和“delicious”可知，delicious意为“美味的”，形容食物的味道，所以应用tastes。 17．D 【解析】句意：——企鹅来自哪里？——它们来自南极洲。 根据答语“They come from Antarctica.”可知是对地点提问，第一空应用Where；句中come为实义动词，主语penguins是复数，构成疑问句需借助助动词do，故填Where；do。 18．B 【解析】句意：——当他第一次到达纽约时他感觉怎么样？——他感到有点紧张。 根据时间状语从句中的“arrived”及答语中的“felt”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，特殊疑问句需借助助动词did，排除A、C；助动词did后实义动词需用原形feel，排除D。应填did；feel。 19．C 【解析】句意：——今天下午Femi要去机场接他叔叔吗？——是的，他是。 根据答语“Yes, he is.”可知问句是由be动词Is引导的一般疑问句。 20．A 【解析】句意：昨晚直到妈妈回来我才睡觉。 not...until为固定搭配，表示“直到……才……”，且主句和从句时态需保持一致，这里从句是一般过去时(came)，故主句也是一般过去时，助动词应用didn’t。 21．B 【解析】句意：——你的邻居为你修理了那台坏掉的洗衣机吗？——是的，他上周一修理了它。他很善良。 根据答语中时间状语“last Monday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。一般过去时的一般疑问句借助于助动词did，后跟动词原形repair；肯定句谓语动词用过去式repaired。 22．A 【解析】句意：让我们谈谈我们的梦想和职业吧。 Let’s是Let us的缩写，固定结构let sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，应用动词原形talk。 23．A 【解析】句意：这部有趣的电影让孩子们开心地大笑。 根据固定搭配make sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”，make后接动词原形作宾语补足语。 24．B 【解析】句意：老师经常让学生们在课上分享他们自己的想法。 固定搭配make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，make后接宾语补足语时用动词原形。 25．C 【解析】句意：他们在旅行期间开展了一项关于北京人在空闲时间喜欢做什么的调查。 put out熄灭；put on穿上、增加；carry out开展、执行；carry on继续。由“a survey”可知，表示“开展调查”要用固定搭配carry out a survey，句子为一般过去时，故填carried out。 26．B 【解析】句意：贫困地区的孩子通常很少有机会使用电脑，所以他们可能会错失许多事情。 give up放弃；miss out错失；carry on继续；look out小心。根据“have little chance to use computers”可知，缺乏电脑会导致在很多方面错失机会或经历，应填miss out。 27．B 【解析】句意：在我上次出诊期间，150名患者被我们的志愿医生实施手术。 根据时间状语“During my last visit”可知，句子时态为一般过去；主语“150 patients”与动词operate之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且operate为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词on，变为被动语态时介词on不能省略，应填were operated on。 28．D 【解析】句意：——你的茶壶真漂亮。它是用紫砂制成的吗？——是的，它是手工制作的。它能使茶味道很好。 be made of由……制成，看得出原材料；be made from由……制成，看不出原材料；by hand手工；in hand为错误搭配。根据第二空可知表示“手工”，固定搭配为by hand，排除A、B、C 项。第一空紫砂经过烧制变成茶壶，原材料性质发生改变，应填made from。 29．D 【解析】句意：每个人似乎都知道时间不等人，但有些学生仍然花大量时间玩电脑游戏。 Everyone是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式seems，排除A、C；seem后接动词不定式，结构为seem to do sth.，排除B。应填seems to know。 30．C 【解析】句意：——你觉得你们学校食堂怎么样？——很棒！它能提供健康美味的食物给我们。 give; for给，为了；offer; with提供，用；provide; for提供，为了；provide; with提供，用。根据句中结构“动词 + 物 (food) + 介词 + 人 (us)"可知，符合 provide sth. for sb. 的用法。应填provide；for。 31．C 【解析】句意：——吉姆，你为什么迟到了？我们等你很久了。——抱歉。但是当我试图找一个停车的地方时，它们都被占用了。 turned up 出现；stayed up 熬夜；taken up 占据，占用；put up 张贴，搭建。根据“when I tried to find a place for parking”可知是在找停车位，结合“they were all...”及迟到语境，可知停车位都被占用了，taken up 符合语境。 32．D 【解析】句意：据说旧照片能让成年人回忆起快乐的童年时光。 come back回来；get back回来；取回；give back归还；bring back使……回忆起来。根据old photos和happy childhood memories可知，旧照片能唤起成年人对快乐童年时光的回忆。 33．A 【解析】句意：在法国举办的第47届世界技能大赛，不仅是一个展示人们技能的舞台，也是一个文化交流的平台。 showing off炫耀，展示；taking on承担，呈现；resting in在于，依靠；depending on取决于，依靠。根据句中“people's skills（人们的技能）”以及“stage（舞台）”可知，这里指在舞台上展示技能，应填showing off。 34．A 【解析】句意：延安坐落于延河河畔。它作为中国共产党的基地而闻名。 sits坐落于；rests休息；lies位于；be known as作为……而出名；be known for因……而出名；be famous for因……而出名。根据“Yan’an...on the banks of the Yanhe River.”可知，此处表达的是延安的位置，第一空用sits和lies都可以；根据“It is...the base of the Communist Party of China.”可知，延安是作为中国共产党的根据地而被定义，强调身份/定位，所以第二空用known as。综上应填sits；known as。 35．D 【解析】句意：如果你对这件事感到太生气，就去散散步冷静一下。 take down记下；break down崩溃；show off炫耀；cool off冷静下来。根据feel too angry的语境，散步是为了平复情绪，cool off符合题意。 36．A 【解析】句意：学生们应该在课前把练习本分发给大家。 give out分发；give away赠送；put up张贴；put off推迟。根据“the exercise books to everyone before class”可知，课前需要把练习本分发给每个人，give out符合语境。 37．C 【解析】句意：——这个箱子占据了太多空间。你能把它拿走吗？——抱歉，我立刻把它移到我房间去。 tidies up整理；puts up张贴；takes up占据；makes up编造。根据“too much room”以及“Can you take it away?”可知，此处表达箱子占用了过多空间，应填takes up。 38．D 【解析】句意：如果你想快速提高英语口语，你选老师推荐的AI口语工具不会出错，因为它免费且有效。 have no idea about不知道；can’t get used to不能习惯；are afraid of害怕；can’t go wrong with选择……准不会出错。根据“recommended by our English teacher和free and effective”可知，说话者对该工具持肯定态度，表示“选……没错”，符合推荐有效工具的逻辑。故选D。 39．A 【解析】句意：你经常收到你笔友的来信吗？ hear from收到……的来信；think about考虑；wait for等待；look after照顾。根据“your pen friend”可知，此处表示“收到……的来信”，应填hear from。 40．B 【解析】句意：对我来说很难集中注意力学习。外面太吵了。 go with搭配；focus on专注于；belong to属于；pick up捡起。根据“difficult for me to…learning”以及“It’s too noisy outside.”可知，外面太吵了，“我”很难集中注意力学习，应填focus on。 41．D 【解析】句意：我们完全有理由相信，新技术的进步将导致更美好的生活。 根据progress in new technology与a more wonderful life之间的逻辑关系，可知此处表示“导致、引起”。lead to意为“导致”，符合语境。take in意为“吸收、欺骗”；turn into意为“变成”；make up意为“编造、化妆”，含义均不符合句意逻辑。 二、 1 42．a 43．because 44．are 45．pandas 46．lovely 47．really 48．wants 49．rules 50．to 51．them 【解析】本文讲述了一名10岁男孩一家周六去动物园游玩的经历，通过参观熊猫、长颈鹿等动物，了解动物园规则，并认识到动物是人类的朋友，应友善对待并保护它们。 42．句意：我是一个10岁的男孩。boy是可数名词单数，且10-year-old以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 43．句意：我们早早吃早餐，因为我们想早点去动物园。前后分句为因果关系，后句表原因，需用连词because。 44．句意：当我们到达动物园时，里面有很多人。there be句型中be动词的形式由后面的主语决定，主语many people为复数，且句子为一般现在时，需填are。 45．句意：一些熊猫正在树下吃东西。some后接可数名词复数形式，panda的复数形式为pandas。 46．句意：它们真可爱！so后接形容词作表语，love的形容词形式为lovely，意为“可爱的”。 47．句意：我妹妹真的很高兴。修饰形容词happy需用副词，real的副词形式为really。 48．句意：我妹妹想给它们喂一些食物。主语My sister为第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，want的第三人称单数形式为wants。 49．句意：这是动物园里的规则之一。one of后接可数名词复数形式，rule的复数形式为rules。 50．句意：我们应该对它们友好。固定搭配be friendly to sb.表示“对某人友好”，需填介词to。 51．句意：我们可以做一些事情来拯救它们。动词save后接人称代词宾格，they的宾格形式为them。 2 52．boring 53．friends 54．moved 55．from 56．lonely 57．missed 58．to do 59．sisters 60．more comfortable 61．wonderful 【解析】本文讲述了友谊的重要性，通过作者在不同国家的交友经历，展现了朋友对生活的积极影响。 52．句意：如果没有朋友，生活会很无聊。此处用形容词描述事物life，bored（形容人）的形容词形式boring（形容事物）符合语境。 53．句意：在我的国家，我有很多朋友。many后接可数名词复数，friend的复数形式是friends。 54．句意：但当我搬到一个新的国家时，我没有任何朋友。句子描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，move的过去式是moved。 55．句意：我所有的朋友都离我而去。“away from”是固定搭配，表示“远离”。 56．句意：我非常孤独，你无法想象我有多么想念他们。此处用形容词描述人的感受，lone的形容词形式lonely（孤独的）符合语境。 57．句意：我非常孤独，你无法想象我有多么想念他们。句子描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，miss的过去式是missed。 58．句意：当我遇到问题，不知道该做什么时，他们总是帮我解决。“what to do”是固定结构，表示“该做什么”，故填to do。 59．句意：他们就像我自己的兄弟姐妹一样。or连接并列名词，brothers是复数，sister也用复数形式sisters。 60．句意：此外，有好朋友让我比以前感觉更舒服。“than”是比较级的标志，comfortable的比较级是more comfortable。 61．句意：现在我知道友谊使我们的生活丰富多彩，美好无比。and连接并列形容词，colourful是形容词，wonder的形容词形式是wonderful。 3 62．an 63．skills 64．to ski 65．after 66．interested 67．her 68．friendly 69．because 70．Doing 71．is 【解析】本文介绍了89岁的新疆奶奶刘志华热爱滑雪的故事，她高龄学习滑雪并坚持练习，收获了健康与快乐，告诉人们年龄不是追求热爱的障碍。 62．句意：冬天是滑雪的好时节，不仅适合年轻人，也适合89岁的刘志华奶奶。89-year-old以元音音素开头，表示泛指一位奶奶，用不定冠词an。 63．句意：她因高超的滑雪技巧成了当地名人。skill表示“技艺”，此处指多种滑雪技巧，应用复数形式skills。 64．句意：很多人认为老年人滑雪很危险。固定句型It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，表示 “对某人来说做某事是……的”，此处用不定式to ski。 65．句意：但刘奶奶的孩子们让她去尝试这项运动，而不是每天帮他们照看孩子。固定短语look after表示“照顾、照看”。 66．句意：后来她对滑雪越来越感兴趣。固定搭配become interested in表示 “对……感兴趣”。 67．句意：在她的滑雪教练的帮助下，刘奶奶每次滑大约两小时。此处表示“她的”，修饰名词ski teachers，用形容词性物主代词her。 68．句意：他们中的很多人对她很友好。固定搭配be friendly to sb.表示 “对某人友好”。 69．句意：刘奶奶很庆幸学会了这项运动，因为她不用像旁观者一样看别人玩乐。前后为因果关系，后句说明原因，用连词because。 70．句意：运动让我每天都健康又开心。此处作句子主语，应用动名词形式，do的动名词是doing，此处首字母需大写。 71．句意：我认为年龄对我来说不是问题。age为不可数名词，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。 4 72．most important 73．falls 74．or 75．have celebrated 76．to show 77．beginning 78．centuries 79．a 80．remembering 81．of 【解析】本文讲述了清明节的时间、历史，以及祭祖、踏青、吃青团等传统习俗，强调其既是缅怀先人的节日，也是感受自然与生命的节日。 72．句意：清明节，又称扫墓节，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。固定结构“one of+限定词+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处的China’s相当于the的作用，因此用important的最高级most important。 73．句意：它通常在每年的4月4日或5日。由频度副词usually可知本句为一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式falls。 74．句意：它通常在每年的4月4日或5日。清明节通常在每年的4月4日或5日，此处表选择，用连词or。 75．句意：人们庆祝这个节日已有2500多年了。时间状语“for over 2,500 years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语People为复数，故填have celebrated。 76．句意：这是一种表达尊重、缅怀逝去亲人的方式。固定搭配a way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法/方式”，因此用不定式to show。 77．句意：这个节日标志着温暖天气的开始，人们享受这些活动已有数个世纪了。定冠词the后需要接名词，begin的名词形式是beginning。 78．句意：这个节日标志着温暖天气的开始，人们享受这些活动已有数个世纪了。固定搭配for centuries表示“数个世纪以来”，因此用century的复数形式centuries。 79．句意：人们常吃青团，一种用艾草做的绿色米糕。此处泛指“一种绿色米糕”，green以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 80．句意：清明节不仅是缅怀过去，也是庆祝生命与自然。about是介词，后接动名词形式，因此填remembering。 81．句意：多年来，一些传统有所改变，但清明的精神依然不变。此处表示所属关系，用介词of。 5 82．largest 83．more difficult 84．most terrible 85．highest 86．most useful 87．most valuable 88．worse 89．more beautiful 90．important 91．better 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、面积、恶劣的生存环境、当地交通与资源，以及环境治理带来的变化，强调了保护自然与人类发展同等重要的理念。 82．句意：它是世界上最大的热带沙漠，面积约900万平方公里。空格前有定冠词“the”，范围限定为in the world“全世界”，要用形容词large的最高级形式largest。 83．句意：过去人类在那里的生活比在其他地方艰难得多。空格后出现标志词“than”，空格前为“was much”，要用形容词difficult的比较级形式more difficult。 84．句意：撒哈拉沙漠拥有地球上最恶劣的一些生存条件。空格前为“the”，范围限定为on earth“地球上”，要用形容词terrible的最高级形式most terrible。 85．句意：那里的最高气温曾经达到58摄氏度。空格前为“The”，此处修饰名词“temperature”，结合语境表示“最高的”，要用形容词high的最高级highest。 86．句意：骆驼是撒哈拉沙漠里最实用的交通工具。结合语境及定冠词“the” 限定，此处表示范围里最具实用性的，用形容词useful的最高级形式most useful。 87．句意：石油是撒哈拉沙漠里最宝贵的矿产资源之一。固定结构“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最……之一”，valuable的最高级形式为most valuable。 88．句意：人们担心生存条件会变得比之前更差。空格前为系动词“getting”，空格后有“than”，提示要用形容词bad的比较级形式worse。 89．句意：最终，撒哈拉沙漠变得比以前更加美丽了。空格前为系动词“became”，空格后有“than”，需使用形容词beautiful的比较级形式more beautiful。 90．句意：撒哈拉沙漠提醒我们，自然和人类的发展同等重要。固定原级比较结构“as + 形容词原级 + as”表示“和……一样”，此处直接用形容词原级important即可。 91．句意：我们越是保护自然，我们的生活就会变得越好。固定句型“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”意为“越……，就越……”；系动词“become”应接形容词good 的比较级better。 6 92．so 93．on 94．things 95．scared 96．pressed 97．Luckily 98．rushing 99．first 100．ourselves 101．a 【解析】本文讲述了汤米为妈妈准备惊喜早餐时不小心割伤手指，妈妈及时帮助他止血并教育他厨房安全重要性的故事。 92．句意：回到家后，他注意到妈妈看起来疲惫不堪，也没时间吃早饭，于是决定给她做一顿惊喜早餐。前句说妈妈很累没时间吃早餐，后句说他决定做早餐，前后为因果关系，需用连词“so”。 93．句意：尽管早晨阳光明亮，汤米还是打开了灯以便看清。表示“打开（灯）”，需用介词on构成动词短语“turn on”，意为“打开”。 94．句意：然后，他拿出刀来切一些东西。“some”后需接可数名词复数形式，“thing”的复数形式为“things”。 95．句意：他感到很害怕，因为伤口很严重。主语“He”指人，描述人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词“scared”，意为“感到害怕的”。 96．句意：她拿了一条干净的毛巾，放在他的手指上，然后轻轻按压。描述过去发生的动作，且与“got”和“put”并列，需用一般过去时，“press”的过去式为“pressed”。 97．句意：幸运的是，伤口很小。该空位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，表示“幸运地”，“lucky”的副词形式为“luckily”，句首单词，首字母需大写。 98．句意：使用刀具时我们需要避免匆忙。“avoid doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，需接动名词作宾语，“rush”的动名词形式为“rushing”。 99．句意：在厨房里，安全永远是第一位的。表示顺序“第一”，需用副词“first”，“come first”是固定短语，意为“排在第一位；最重要”。 100．句意：我们应该保护自己。动词“protect”后需用反身代词作宾语，主语“We”对应的反身代词为“ourselves”。 101．句意：然后，妈妈帮他贴上了一个创可贴。此处表示泛指“一个创可贴”，bandage以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词“a”。 7 102．to get 103．choosing 104．its 105．helps 106．safely 107．because 108．easier 109．visitors 110．in 111．As/When 【解析】文章介绍一位俄罗斯游客在中国体验机器人送餐和AR动物园等科技旅游服务，感受中国旅行的便利与舒适。 102． 句意：当一个可爱的机器人带着我的餐食来到门口时，取食物很有趣。固定句型“It is + adj. + to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，此处应填动词不定式to get。 103． 句意：在选择好她的餐食后，工作人员把食物放进机器人的“肚子”里。介词After后接动名词作宾语，choose变为choosing。 104． 句意：输入房间号后，机器人会前往电梯并乘坐到正确的房间。固定短语make one’s way意为“前往”，主语为the robot，用its。 105． 句意：这有助于食品安全，因为酒店客人可以安全地收到他们的餐食。句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语This为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式helps。 106．句意：这有助于食品安全，酒店客人可以安全地收到他们的餐食。修饰动词receive应用副词，safe的副词为safely。 107． 句意：而且这更安全，因为客人不需要见任何人。前后句为因果关系，应用because引导原因状语从句。 108．句意：多亏了机器人，她发现比以前更容易吃到饭。固定结构find it + adj. + to do sth.，空处用形容词，结合“than”可知，此处用比较级easier。 109．句意：这个应用使用AR帮助游客与公园里的野生动物互动。help sb. do sth.，且visit应变为名词visitor，表示“游客”，此处泛指，用复数visitors。 110．句意：使用该应用，她可以看到虚拟动物真实地出现在她面前。固定短语in front of意为“在……前面”。 111．句意：当她在公园里散步时，她从应用中了解到许多关于动物的有趣事实。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，句首首字母需大写，应用As/When。 8 112．difficulty 113．among 114．an 115．However 116．whether 117．decision 118．become 119．has received 120．opened 121．easier 【解析】本文介绍了线下代购店兴起的背景与现状，讲述了老年人借助线下代购解决网购难题的经历，说明这种服务让老年人网购更便捷。 112．句意：但是大多数老年人在网上购物有困难。have difficulty doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，difficult的名词形式为difficulty，意为“困难”。 113．句意：因此，线下代购店在老年人中变得非常受欢迎。表示在三者或三者以上的人群之中，用介词among，意为“在……之中”。 114．句意：李辉，一位来自大连的84岁老人说……。84-year-old以元音音素开头，表示泛指“一位”，用不定冠词an。 115．句意：然而，我不知道我是否能学会使用电脑。“不知道是否能学会电脑”与“网购方便”形成转折关系，且位于句首用逗号隔开，表示转折的副词However。 116．句意：然而，我不知道我是否能学会使用电脑。whether...or not为固定搭配，意为“是否”，此处填whether。 117．句意：在我偶然发现这家线下代购店之后，我决定试一试。make a decision为固定搭配，意为“做决定”，decide的名词形式为decision，意为“决定”。 118．句意：从那以后，我迷上了线下代购。since then是现在完成时的标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，become的过去分词为become，意为“变得”。 119．句意：在过去的十天里，她已经收到了20多份顾客订单。in the past ten days是现在完成时的标志，主语she为第三人称单数，用has received，意为“收到”。 120．句意：在大连市，仅三月份就有300多家这样的店铺开业。根据时间状语“in March”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，open的过去式为opened，意为“开业”。 121．句意：线下代购店让一些人，尤其是老年人，网购比以前更容易。much修饰比较级，easy的比较级为easier，意为“更容易的”。 三、 122． apologized to 【解析】原句中“向……道歉”为关键信息，对应固定搭配apologize to sb.，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词apologize的过去式为apologized。 123． to communicate with 【解析】原句中“交流”是关键词。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许/使某人做某事”，所以①处填to。“和某人交流”使用固定搭配communicate with sb.，所以②③处填communicate with。 124． comes from 【解析】原句中“源自”是关键词，表示“源自、来自”的固定短语是come from。本句主语为单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 125． lights up 【解析】原句中“照亮”是关键词，动词短语light up意为“照亮”，句子应用一般现在时，主语为The bright moon，谓语动词用三单形式。 126． comes up with 【解析】原句中“提出”是关键词，表示“想出；提出（主意、计划等）”的短语是come up with。观察句子结构，主语she为第三人称单数，且句中的always提示动作是经常性发生的，应用一般现在时，故谓语动词需使用第三人称单数形式comes。 127． sign up for an online tour 【解析】原句中“报名参加”和“一次线上旅行”是关键词。表示“报名参加”的英文是sign up for，是动词短语，had better后接动词原形；表示“一次线上旅行”的英文是an online tour。 128． opens a window to 【解析】原句中“打开一扇了解……的窗口”是关键表达，对应的英文表达是“open a window to” ，此句中“experiencing local traditions”是动名词短语作主语，视为单数，所以谓语动词用“opens”。 129． feel like in person 【解析】原句中“感觉像”和“亲自”是关键词，表示“感觉像”的短语是feel like，表示“亲自”的短语是in person。本句描述的是当下的感受，使用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。 130． keep in touch 【解析】原句中“保持联系”是关键词组，英文表达为“keep in touch”。本句中“can”为情态动词，后接动词原形，所以“keep”用原形，“in touch”为固定搭配，跟在“keep”后。 131． make a noise 【解析】原句中“发出声响”是关键词，对应的固定短语是“make a noise”，“Do not”后接动词原形。 132． let go of the past 【解析】原句中“尽释前嫌”是关键词，表示“放下过去，尽释前嫌”的动词短语是let go of the past。Let’s后接动词原形。 133． Excuse me 【解析】原句中“不好意思”是问路时的礼貌用语，对应的固定短语是Excuse me，首字母需大写。 134． failed to 【解析】此处表示“没有”否定含义，且描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，fail to do“未能做某事”，符合语境。 135． go back 【解析】原句中“回家”是关键词，对应的短语是go back home，空格前“will”后接动词原形。 136． deal with 【解析】原句中的“处理”是关键词，对应的英文固定短语为deal with，意为“处理、解决”。 句中need后接动词原形，①处填deal，②处填with。 137． put off 【解析】原句中“拖到”是关键词，表示“拖延、推迟”的短语是“put off”。本句为否定祈使句，don’t后接动词原形，故填put；off。 138． try out 【解析】原句中“参加选拔”是关键词，表示“参加选拔”的动词短语是try out。本句为be going to结构的一般将来时，to后接动词原形。 139． got sick because of 【解析】原句中“生病了”和“因为”是关键词，表示“生病”的动词短语是get sick，描述过去的事实用一般过去时，get的过去式为got；表示“因为”的介词短语是because of。 140． got over 【解析】原句中“攻克”是关键词，表示“克服、解决、攻克”的英文是get over，是动词短语。由finally可知是过去的事情，用一般过去时，get的过去式为got。 141． absent from 【解析】原句中“缺勤”是关键词，“缺勤”对应的英文表达是“be absent from”。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题13 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（动词与动词短语） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 动词及动词的分类 分类 定义与特点 常见动词 例句 实义动词 表示具体动作或状态，有完整词义，可独立作谓语。分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）。 buy, work, run, eat, write, arrive, laugh She bought a book. / He works hard. 系动词 本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语连用，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, become, turn, grow, keep He is a teacher. / The soup tastes delicious. / She looks tired. 助动词 无独立词义，不能单独作谓语，用于帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等。 do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall, am/is/are/was/were I am watching TV. / They don’t like coffee. 情态动词 有一定意义，表示语气、能力、许可、义务等，必须与实义动词原形连用，无人称和数的变化。 can, could, may, might, must, should, need, dare, would Tom can swim. / May I come in? / You must finish your homework. 动词的形态变化 变化类型 规则 示例（动词原形 → 变化形式） 第三人称单数（-s/-es） 1. 一般加 -s 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾加 -es 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -es work → works fix → fixes, go → goes study → studies 过去式与过去分词（规则变化） 1. 一般加 -ed 2. 以 e 结尾加 -d 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed 4. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音再加 -ed play → played live → lived study → studied stop → stopped 不规则变化（常见示例） 需记忆，无统一规则 be → was/were → been have → had → had go → went → gone see → saw → seen take → took → taken 现在分词（-ing 形式） 1. 一般加 -ing 2. 去 e 加 ing（如：write → writing） 3. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音再加 -ing 4. ie 结尾变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing run → running write → writing sit → sitting die → dying 动词短语构成方式 结构类型 构成方式 语法规则 典型示例 例句 动词 + 介词 V + Prep（介词） 必须接宾语，且宾语置于介词后；整体为及物结构 look at, wait for, listen to, care for, depend on Please look at the blackboard. / We are waiting for the bus. 动词 + 副词 V + Adv（副词） 可及物或不及物；若宾语是代词，必须放在动词与副词之间；若为名词，位置较灵活 turn on, put off, get up, give up, take out Turn it on.（✓） Turn on it.（✗） Turn the light on. / Turn on the light.（✓） 动词 + 名词 + 介词 V + N + Prep 固定搭配，名词作直接宾语，介词引出对象 take care of, make friends with, pay attention to, have a look at We should take care of our eyes. / I want to make friends with him. 高频动词短语 核心动词 动词短语 中文意思 用法辨析 例句 look look at 看……（强调动作） 强调“注视”，后接宾语 Look at the picture! look look for 寻找（过程） 强调“寻找的过程”，与 find（结果）对应 I'm looking for my keys. look look after 照顾，照看 #VALUE! She looks after her little sister. look look up 查阅（资料）；向上看 查字典用 look up the word I looked up the word in the dictionary. take take care of 照顾 Parents take care of their children. take take off 起飞；脱下 飞机起飞 / 脱衣服 The plane will take off soon. take take part in 参加（活动） 强调参与正式活动 He took part in the competition. take take place 发生（无被动） The meeting took place yesterday. put put on 穿上；上演 穿衣 / 戏剧上演 Put on your coat. put put off 推迟 They put off the meeting. put put up 举起；张贴；搭建 举手 / 张贴海报 / 建帐篷 He put up his hand. put put down 放下；镇压 放下物品 / 镇压叛乱 Please put down the book. get get up 起床 不及物，无宾语 I get up at 6 a.m. get get on 上车；进展 get on the bus / get on well with sb How are you getting on with your study? get get off 下车 反义于 get on Please get off the bus carefully. get get along with 与……相处 用于人际关系 She gets along well with her classmates. give give up 放弃 Don't give up easily. give give in 屈服，投降 give in to pressure He finally gave in. give give out 分发；耗尽 分发资料 / 力气耗尽 The teacher gave out the papers. 易错考点 考点类别 常见错误 正确用法与解析 示例对比 情态动词答语混淆 回答 need 问句时用 needn't 表肯定 错误：—Need I go now? —Yes, you needn't. 正确：—Need I go now? —Yes, you must. —Must I finish it today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 非延续性动词误用于持续时态 使用 die, arrive, leave 等表示持续状态 这些动词不能与 for/since 引导的持续时间段连用 ✗ He has died for two years. ✓ He died two years ago. / He has been dead for two years. 动词短语宾语位置错误 代词作宾语时未放在副词前 动词+副词结构中，代词宾语必须插在中间 ✗ Turn on it. ✓ Turn it on. 系动词后误用副词 在 feel, look, sound 等后用副词修饰主语 系动词后接形容词作表语，不可用副词 ✗ He looks badly. ✓ He looks bad. 近义动词/短语混淆 mix up look for / find, borrow / lend, join / take part in 区分动作过程与结果、方向性差异 —I'm looking for my phone.（还没找到） —I found it!（已找到） ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 一、单项选择 1．—There is ________ with my electric car. It doesn’t work. —OK. I’ll have someone ________ it for you first. A．something wrong; to check B．wrong nothing; check C．something wrong; check D．wrong something; to check 2．The sports watch ________ be Bob’s because he is the only one who wears this kind of watch. A．can’t B．might C．must D．could 3．There ________ a computer and some chairs in the library. They are for students. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．I missed the school bus, so I ________ take a taxi to school this morning. A．could B．must C．should D．had to 5．You have a bad cold. You ________ drink more warm water and have a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．would’t D．could 6．—Lucy, you should hurry up. You only have 15 minutes to finish your English test. —It doesn’t matter. 15 minutes ________ enough for me. A．was B．were C．is D．are 7．—When do you think is the best time to visit Dunhuang? —You ________ go there in early summer. It’s not too hot in the daytime. A．have to B．must C．had better D．would 8．You ________ take an umbrella with you. The sky is cloudy, and it might rain this afternoon. A．mustn’t B．should C．can’t D．needn’t 9．—How much do you need? —Twenty dollars ________ enough. A．has B．have C．is D．are 10．The funny story made us ________ happily. A．to laugh B．laughed C．laugh D．laughing 11．The doctors and nurses often ________ the patients ________ take medicine on time. A．warn; to B．allow; to C．remind; to D．require; of 12．If you really don’t know ________ at the wedding party, you can come to me. A．who will talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 13．The soldier ________ the national flag every day when the sun ________. A．rises, raises B．rises, rises C．raises, rises D．raises, raises 14．My parents always ________ me to keep a reading journal after finishing a book. A．advice B．advise C．advise to D．advising 15．There ________ a science lab and two computer labs now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 16．Junk food ________ delicious but it is bad for our health. A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels 17．— ________ ________ penguins come from? — They come from Antarctica. A．Why; are B．Where; are C．Why; do D．Where; do 18．—What ________ he ________ when he first arrived in New York? —He felt a little nervous. A．does; feel B．did; feel C．does; felt D．did; felt 19．—________ Femi ________ his uncle up at the airport (机场) this afternoon? —Yes, he is. A．Will; pick B．Does; pick C．Is; going to pick D．Are; going to pick 20．I ________ go to bed ________ my mother came back last night. A．didn’t; until B．/; until C．don’t; until D．/; till 21．—________ your neighbor ________ the broken washing machine for you? —Yes, he ________ it last Monday. He is so kind. A．Does; repair; repairs B．Did; repair; repaired C．Did; repaired; repaired D．Was; repair; repaired 22．Let’s ________ about our dreams and careers. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 23．The interesting movie made the children ________ happily. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 24．The teacher often makes the students ________ their own ideas in class. A．to share B．share C．shared D．sharing 25．They ________ a survey about what people in Beijing like to do in their free time during the trip. A．put out B．put on C．carried out D．carried on 26．Children in poor areas usually have little chance to use computers, so they may ________ on many things. A．give up B．miss out C．carry on D．look out 27．During my last visit, 150 patients ________ by our volunteer doctors. A．are operated on B．were operated on C．were operated D．are operating on 28．—Your teapot is so beautiful. Is it ________ purple clay? —Yes, and it is made ________. It can make the tea taste good. A．made of; with hand B．made from; in hand C．made of; in hand D．made from; by hand 29．Everyone ________ time waits for no man, but some students still spend a lot of time playing computer games. A．seem know B．seems know C．seem to know D．seems to know 30．—What do you think of your school dining hall? —Great! It can ________ healthy and delicious food ________ us. A．give; for B．offer; with C．provide; for D．provide; with 31．—Jim, why are you late? We’ve waited for you for so long. —Sorry. But when I tried to find a place for parking, they were all ________. A．turned up B．stayed up C．taken up D．put up 32．It’s said that old photos can ________ happy childhood memories to adults. A．come back B．get back C．give back D．bring back 33．The 47th World Skills Competition, held in France, was a stage not only for ________ people's skills, but for culture sharing. A．showing off B．taking on C．resting in D．depending on 34．Yan’an ________ on the banks of the Yanhe River. It is ________ the base of the Communist Party of China. A．sits, known as B．rests, known for C．lies, famous for D．rests, knows as 35．If you feel too angry about the matter, just take a walk to ________. A．take down B．break down C．show off D．cool off 36．The students should ________ the exercise books to everyone before class. A．give out B．give away C．put up D．put off 37．—The box ________ too much room. Can you take it away? —Sorry, I’ll move it to my room at once. A．tidies up B．puts up C．takes up D．makes up 38．If you want to improve your oral English quickly, you ________ the AI speaking tool recommended by our English teacher as it’s free and effective. A．have no idea about B．can’t get used to C．are afraid of D．can’t go wrong with 39．Do you often ________ your pen friend? A．hear from B．think about C．wait for D．look after 40．It’s difficult for me to ________ learning. It’s too noisy outside. A．go with B．focus on C．belong to D．pick up 41．We have every reason to believe that progress in new technology will ________ a more wonderful life. A．take in B．turn into C．make up D．lead to 二、短文填空 1 在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I’m 42 10-year-old boy. It is Saturday today. My parents, my sister and I get up early. We eat breakfast early 43 we want to go to the zoo early. When we get to the zoo, there 44 (be) many people in it. My mother likes pandas very much, so we go to see them first. Some 45 (panda) are eating under trees. My mother says, “They are so   46 (love)!” But I think they are lazy. They sleep all day. Next, we see the giraffes. My sister is 47 (real) happy. They are her favorite animals. My sister 48 (want) to give some food to them. But my mother stops her,“ Don’t do that! We can’t give food to these animals. It’s one of the 49 (rule) in the zoo.” Then we see many other animals in the zoo.” After we come back home from the zoo, our parents tell us,“Animals are our good friends. We should be friendly 50 them. Many animals are in danger now. We can do some things to save 51 (they).” It is a great day and I learn a lot. 2 Friendship is very important in our life. If there is no friend, life would be 52 (bored). No matter who we are and where we are from, we need someone to talk to and someone to share special moments with. I have many 53 (friend) in my country. I knew some of them when I was young. But when I 54 (move) to a new country, I didn’t have any friends. All my friends were away 55 me. I was very 56 (lonely) and you couldn’t imagine how much I 57 (miss) them. Time passed by and I have some new friends now. When I have some problems and don’t know what 58 (do), they always help me solve them. They are just like my own brothers or 59 (sister). I always tell them everything and listen to them. Besides, having good friends makes me feel   60 (comfortable) than before. Now I know friendship makes our life colourful and 61 (wonder). Friends are always there for us. They laugh with us during the happy times and provide us with a shoulder when we feel like crying. Life without friendship is like the sky without the sun. Do you think so? 3 Winter is a good time for skiing. It is not only for young people, but also for Liu Zhihua, 62 89-year-old grandma, too. Liu comes from Urumqi, Xinjiang. She becomes a local star because of her great skiing 63 (skill). She began to learn to ski at the age of 72. Many people think that it’s dangerous for old people 64 (ski). But Liu’s children let her try this sport instead of helping them to look 65 their children every day. Liu went skiing for the first time in 2007. Later she became more and more 66 (interest) in it. Now she loves this sport. Liu practises skiing very hard. With the help of 67 ski teachers, Liu skis about two hours every time. She often meets young people while skiing. Many of them are 68 (friend) to her. It’s interesting for Liu to ski with them. This makes her feel young and happy. Liu feels lucky to learn this sport 69 she doesn’t have to see other people have fun like a visitor. “ 70 (do) sports makes me healthy and happy every day,” Liu says. “I don’t think age 71 (be) a problem for me. I feel I’m still young.” 4 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, is one of China’s 72 (important) traditional festivals. It usually 73 (fall) on April 4th 74 5th each year. People 75 (celebrate) this festival for over 2,500 years. Honoring Ancestors (祭祖): During Qingming, families visit the graves of their ancestors. They clean the tombs, offer food, and burn incense. This tradition has been passed down for generations. It is a way 76 (show) respect and remember loved ones who have passed away. Spring Outings: Qingming is also a time to enjoy nature. Many people go on spring outings, fly kites, or have picnics. The festival marks the 77 (begin) of warmer weather, and people have enjoyed these activities for 78 (century). Traditional Food: People often eat qingtuan, 79 green rice cake made with mugwort. This special food has been a part of the festival since ancient times. The Qingming Festival is not only about 80 (remember) the past but also about celebrating life and nature. Over the years, some traditions have changed, but the spirit 81 Qingming remains the same. 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Sahara Desert is in the north of Africa. It is the 82 (large) hot desert in the world, covering about 9,000,000 square kilometres. Life there in the past was much 83 (difficult) for humans than in other places. The Sahara Desert has some of the 84 (terrible) living conditions on earth. It is very hot and dry all year round. The 85 (high) temperature there once reached 58℃. Camels (骆驼) are the 86 (useful) means of transportation (交通工具) for people in the Sahara Desert. Oil is one of the 87 (valuable) mineral resources (矿产资源) in the Sahara Desert. After the people there found oil, they started to sell it to other countries. But the living conditions in the Sahara Desert were still hard. People were worried about the conditions getting 88 (bad) than before. The government tried hard to plant trees. As a result, the Sahara Desert became 89 (beautiful) than before. The Sahara reminds us that nature is just as 90 (important) as humans’ development. The more we protect nature, the 91 (good) our lives will become. So, we should pay more attention to the natural world. 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday morning, Tommy got up early and ran for half an hour. After returning home, he noticed that his mum looked very tired and had no time for breakfast, 92 he decided to make a surprise breakfast for her. Though the morning sun was bright, Tommy still turned 93 the light to see clearly. Then, he took out a knife to cut some 94 (thing). He was so careless that he cut his finger. It bled right away! He felt 95 (scare) because the cut was terrible. Mum heard his small cry and entered the kitchen. “Don’t move, Tommy!” she said. She got a clean towel, put it on his finger, and 96 (press) gently. “This can help stop the bleeding,” she explained softly. 97 (lucky), the cut was small. Mum sat with Tommy and said, “We need to avoid 98 (rush) when using knives. Safety (安全) always comes 99 (one) in the kitchen. We should protect 100 (we).” Tommy nodded and he knew he was wrong. Then, Mum helped him put on 101 bandage (创可贴). “Let’s make pancakes together,” she said with a smile. They mixed the batter (面糊) and cooked it. This time, Tommy stirred the batter carefully. 7 Through the 144-hour visa-free transit policy, Sofia Reznikova, a 31-year-old lady from Russia, started her trip to China. The first highlight of her stay in Shenzhen was the robotic delivery service. “It is fun 102 (get) food as a cute robot arrives at my door with my meal,” said Reznikova. After 103 (choose) her meal, the staff put the food into the robot’s “belly”. With the room number entered, the robot would make 104 (it) way to the lift and ride up to the correct room. “This 105 (help) with food safety, as hotel guests can receive their meals 106 (safe) ,” she said. “And this is a lot safer 107 guests don’t have to meet anyone.” She also enjoyed the robot’s friendly words like, “Hello! Your meal has arrived!”. Thanks to the robot, she found it 108 (easy) to have a meal than before. She also had an amazing experience at the Chimelong Safari Park in Guangzhou. There, she used the “Chimelong AR Zoo” on her phone. “The app uses AR to help 109 (visit) interact with the park’s wildlife,” she said. Using the app, she could see virtual animals appear truly 110 front of her. It also made sure she didn’t miss any must-sees. 111 she walked through the park, she learned many fun facts about the animals from the app. “I felt a sense of unbelievable comfort during my travels in China,” Reznikova said. 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Online shopping has become something very common for young people. But most of the old people have 112 (difficult) buying things online. Therefore, offline buy-for-you (线下代购) stores are becoming very popular 113 the old. Li Hui, 114 84-year-old man from Dalian city, says, “I think it’s convenient to buy things in a large store and I like shopping there. But I couldn’t find my favourite CD in the large stores. It’s very convenient to buy things online. 115 , I don’t know 116 I can learn to use the computer or not. After I happened to find this offline buy-for-you store, I made a 117 (decide) to have a try. Finally, I got the opera CD I’d dreamed of for several years. I was so happy. Since then, I have 118 (become) crazy about offline shopping.” The store owner Liu Min says in order to meet the needs of people who want to buy things online but can’t use the computer, she started the business of offline buy-for-you. In the past ten days, she 119 (receive) more than 20 orders from customers (顾客). Liu Min is not the only one who finds the large need of this kind of service. In Dalian city, more than 300 such stores 120 (open) their doors only in March. The offline buy-for-you stores make it much 121 (easy) for some people, especially the old, to shop online than the old way. 三、完成句子 122．她为自己的错误向我道歉。 She ________ ________ me for her mistake. 123．现代科技使我们可以和全世界的人们交流。 The modern technology allows us ________ ________ ________ people all over the world. 124．我对绘画的兴趣源自小学时的美术课。 My interest in painting ________ ________ the art classes I took in primary school. 125．明月在夜晚照亮寂静的村庄。 The bright moon ________ ________ the quiet village at night. 126．那个女孩非常有创造力，她总是提出新主意。 The girl is very creative, and she always ________ ________ ________ new ideas. 127．你最好报名参加一次线上旅行。 You’d better _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ ________. 128．当我们旅行时，体验当地的传统打开一扇了解不同文化的窗口。 When we travel, experiencing local traditions ________ ________ ________ ________ the local culture. 129．我感觉像亲自去了那里。 I ________ ________ I was there ________ ________. 130．我可以和我的朋友及家人保持联系。   I can ________ ________ ________ with my friends and family. 131．不要用筷子发出声响。 Do not ________ ________ ________ with chopsticks. 132．让我们尽释前嫌，重新开始。 Let’s ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and start fresh. 133．不好意思，你能告诉我饭店在哪里吗？ ________ ________, could you tell me where the restaurant is? 134．他没有信守诺言。 He ________ ________ keep his promise. 135．会议结束后，我就回家。 After the meeting, I’ll ________ ________ home. 136．我们需要立即处理这个问题。 We need to ________ ________ the problem immediately. 137．请不要把你的作业拖到明天。 Please don’t ________ ________ your homework till tomorrow. 138．你准备参加篮球队的选拔吗? Are you going to _______ _______ for the basketball team? 139．很多人因为大雪生病了。 Many people ______ ______ ______ ______ the heavy snow. 140．在老师的帮助下，汤姆终于攻克了那道难题。 With the teacher’s help, Tom finally ________ ________ the difficult math problem. 141．虽然史密斯先生感冒了, 但他并没有缺勤。 Mr Smith has a cold, but he isn’t _________ _________ work. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $