Unit 7 Space exploration 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 围绕“Space exploration”单元，构建从词汇积累到语法应用再到语篇综合的渐进式训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |首字母填空|12题|语境猜词|核心词汇在太空探索主题下的应用| |汉语提示填空|12题|汉译英转换|单元重点词汇的精准拼写与运用| |单词适当形式填空|11题|时态/语态变形|聚焦过去进行时等核心语法点| |单项选择|18题|词汇辨析+语法|覆盖动词、名词等词类及句型结构| |完成句子|6题|固定搭配|单元短语与句型的综合输出| |语法选择|10题|语篇语法|通过航天人物故事考查语法应用| |完形填空|15题|人物传记|结合宇航员经历考查语篇逻辑| |语法填空|10题|叙事填空|通过航天事件强化时态与连接词|

Unit 7 Space exploration 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、根据首字母填空（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分） 1. The teacher will s______ the best students to take part in the English competition. 2. We often play basketball in the school g______ after class. 3. I can’t a______ to buy the expensive new phone right now. 4. My family likes to eat s______ when we go to the seaside. 5. My dad cooked b______ and noodles for dinner yesterday. 6. The students are doing a chemistry experiment in the l______. 7. The strong wind will d______ the small houses in the village. 8. The car h______ a tree because the driver was driving too fast. 9. The astronauts took food, water and other s______ with them to the space station. 10. The postman will d______ the letters to your home tomorrow morning. 11. The restaurant workers s______ food to customers with a smile every day. 12. It’s okay to make a m______ when learning something new, as long as you learn from it. 二、根据汉语提示填空。（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分） 1. The car ______ (碰撞；撞击) a tree because the driver was driving too fast. 2. The ______ (平均的) age of students in our class is 14 years old. 3. It is ______ (很可能发生（或存在等）的) that it will rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. 4. The rocket needs a lot of ______ (燃料) to fly into space. 5. The restaurant workers ______ (为…… 工作；服务) food to customers with a smile every day. 6. At one ______ (时刻；阶段) of the game, our team was losing, but we finally won. 7. My family likes to eat fresh ______ (海鲜) when we go to the seaside. 8. Please ______ (粘；贴) this note on the desk so you don’t forget the homework. 9. The man-made ______ (人造卫星) helps us with TV signals and weather reports. 10. Exercising at the gym can help build strong ______ (肌肉) and keep you healthy. 11. We can’t ______ (承担得起（后果）) to miss the important meeting tomorrow. 12. I go to the school ______ (健身房) to play basketball every Friday afternoon. 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共11小题，每小题1分，共11分） 1．Yesterday, my little brother ________ (throw) a small stone into the river. 2．He ________ (prefer) walking to school when he was a primary school student. 3．Last weekend, a group of students ________ (spend) an afternoon there for a study visit. 4．She ________ (paint) a nice picture when her friend came to visit her yesterday. 5．I _________ (talk) to Fox at that time. 6．She ________ (not do) her homework at that time. 7．I ________ (watch) TV at eight last night. 8．When I got there, they _________ (take) photos of the cherry blossoms. 9．Yesterday, while he _________ (walk) around the classroom, Tom looked nervous. 10．He ________ (lie) on the sofa when I entered the room. 11．While my mother ________ (cook), I was doing my homework. 四、单项选择（共18小题，每小题1分，满分18分） 1. If you make a serious mistake, you have to ______ the consequences. A. afford B. select C. serve D. deliver 2. I made a big ______ in my math test by forgetting to carry over a number. A. fuel B. mistake C. supply D. lab 3. Please ______ this note to your desk so you don’t forget the homework. A. hit B. stick C. destroy D. afford 4. The car will ______ the wall if the driver doesn’t slow down. A. serve B. select C. hit D. deliver 5. Exercising at the gym can help build strong ______ and keep you healthy. A. muscle B. beef C. seafood D. point 6. I go to the school ______ to play basketball every Friday afternoon. A. lab B. gym C. satellite D. spaceflight 7. The man-made ______ helps us with TV signals and weather reports. A. satellite B. fuel C. mistake D. average 8. The strong storm will ______ many small houses in the village. A. destroy B. stick C. afford D. select 9. The ______ age of students in our class is 14 years old. A. probable B. average C. seafood D. serve 10. It is ______ that it will rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella with you. A. probable B. fuel C. lab D. point 11. —Why do you look so sad? —I’m ______. I have so much homework that I ______ not having enough time to do sport. A. worried; worry about B. worried; worry C. worrying; worry D. worrying; worry about 12. After the performance, the audience stood up and started ________. A. clap B. clapping C. to clapping D. clapped 13. I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A. learned B. am learning C. has learned D. was learning 14. — I called you at 7 p.m. yesterday, but no one answered. — Oh, sorry. I ________ dinner in the kitchen at that time. A. have cooked B. cooked C. was cooking D. cook 15. I didn’t pass the exam, but ________, I have another chance next week. A. luck B. lucky C. luckily D. luckier 16. If you want to learn English well, ________ English every day is necessary. A. practise B. practising C. practised D. practises 17. It takes him 15 minutes ________ home from school. A. walking B. to walk C. walks D. walk 18. —Did you hear the loud sound? —Yes. I ________ TV when it happened. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. watches 五、完成句子（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） 1．薯片是无意中被发明的。 Potato chips were invented _______ ________. 2．他家境贫困，所以他买不起新书包。 His family is poor, so he ________ ________ ________ buy a new schoolbag. 3．说实话，我已经有一段时间没有踢足球了。 To be honest, I_______ _______ football ________ ________ ________. 4．不要为明天担心，要活在当下。 Don’t ________ ________ tomorrow, and live in the present. 5．这场足球比赛结果是今年最好的一场。 The football game _______ _______ to be the best one this year. 6．看到我的纸火箭成功起飞，多么令人激动啊！ ________ ________ it was to see my paper rocket ________ ________ successfully! 六、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Not many girls have grown up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have got into space. But Wang Haoze has managed 1 both. As a student, Wang worked hard in school. In 2008, she 2 Southeast University. It’s one of China’s top universities. But Wang shone not just in the classroom. She was also a good runner and often did well in races. As a top student, Wang always paid attention 3 new research fields. These programs were exciting 4 difficult. Wang once complained (抱怨) about the challenges. Her teacher gave her some advice. He told her 5 : Always do your best, even if you don’t like it. Make hard work a habit. If you don’t, you might not know how to give your best when you 6 find something you love. Wang kept these words in mind. After graduation, she discovered her love for space science. She began working as 7 rocket engineer. Wang learned a lot and enjoyed solving problems. In just a few months, she designed a great new style. In May 2018, China began training a new class of astronauts. Wang caught the chance and signed up (报名). Thanks to her strong body and mind, she 8 . During her training, she faced one challenge after another, but she 9 thought of giving up. On October 30th, 2024, Wang flew into space by Shenzhou-19 spaceship. She might meet many 10 at the Tiangong space station, but without doubt, she will put her best foot forward. 1．A．achieve B．to achieve C．lose D．to lose 2．A．enters B．entered C．will enter D．has entered 3．A．to B．at C．with D．of 4．A．and B．or C．but D．so 5．A．why she should do B．why should she do C．what should she do D．what she should do 6．A．wise B．wisely C．finally D．final 7．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 9．A．never B．always C．often D．usually 10．A．decisions B．decision C．challenges D．challenge 七、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 Jing Haipeng has become the first Chinese astronaut to go into space for the 1 time, as he was chosen to be the commander (指挥官) of the Shenzhou-16 manned space mission. Jing Haipeng, born in 1966, has visited space more 2 than any other Chinese astronaut. “As an astronaut, it is our main 3 to go to space,” he told the press. The experienced astronaut 4 the nation’s attention in September 2008. He was 5 as one of three crew members for the Shenzhou-7 mission and traveled in space for more than two days. The crew completed China’s first spacewalk. In June 2012, Jing 6 the commander of the Shenzhou-9 mission. He worked with Liu Wang and Liu Yang in 7 for 13 days, completing China’s first manned space docking. In October 2016, Jing was chosen as the commander of the Shenzhou-11 mission. He and Chen Dong 8 33 days in space. In May 2023, Jing returned to space as the commander of Shenzhou-16. Born in a village in north China’s Shanxi Province, Jing first showed a(n) 9 in aviation when he was a teenager and found inspiration from a picture of a 10 . Jing took part in an aviation exam in 1984, 11 failed because of “physical reasons”. But he did not 12 . The following year, he entered an aviation school. After graduation, he was relocated to a training base in Jiangsu Province. He had clocked (达到) 1,200 hours of 13 flight time while working as a pilot. Jing believes that life is made up of 14 dreams at different stages of time. “We should 15 goals one after another, and work hard to realize our dreams,” he said. 1．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 2．A．prices B．ways C．times D．stories 3．A．duty B．idea C．way D．step 4．A．caught B．took C．brought D．broke 5．A．found B．chosen C．asked D．met 6．A．introduced B．guided C．became D．served 7．A．space B．air C．room D．condition 8．A．carried B．used C．left D．spent 9．A．hobby B．custom C．interest D．respect 10．A．director B．writer C．teacher D．pilot 11．A．so B．because C．if D．but 12．A．give up B．give off C．give away D．give back 13．A．safe B．comfortable C．nervous D．easy 14．A．same B．different C．dangerous D．lifelong 15．A．look for B．set up C．look up D．set out 八、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下文连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 A successful failure On 13 April 1970, everything was looking good for the astronauts on Apollo13. Two days earlier, James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise 1 (leave) the earth to go to the moon. They rode in their spaceship’s command module (令). Suddenly, there was 2 loud noise. Part of their spaceship blew up. Oxygen escaped rapidly from the command module. They could not live 3 enough oxygen. They also needed oxygen to help power the command module. Without enough oxygen and power, there’s no way to return home. Yet, they were not alone. Engineers on earth began working on 4 (they) problems. With the 5 (engineer) help, the three men closed down the command module and went to the lunar module. The lunar module had plenty of oxygen, but not enough power, so the engineers found ways to help them 6 (save) power. Then, their increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air became an issue. The engineers tried hard 7 discovered how to solve the problem. Finally, the engineers helped them get power to the command module so they could 8 (go) back to earth in it. After the three men on Apollo 13 came back to earth, their journey 9 (call) “a successful failure” by NASA. It was a failure because they didn’t set foot on the moon. But it was also a success since all of the men came home 10 (safe)—because of the excellent work of the whole team. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Space exploration 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、根据首字母填空（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分） 1. The teacher will s______ the best students to take part in the English competition. 2. We often play basketball in the school g______ after class. 3. I can’t a______ to buy the expensive new phone right now. 4. My family likes to eat s______ when we go to the seaside. 5. My dad cooked b______ and noodles for dinner yesterday. 6. The students are doing a chemistry experiment in the l______. 7. The strong wind will d______ the small houses in the village. 8. The car h______ a tree because the driver was driving too fast. 9. The astronauts took food, water and other s______ with them to the space station. 10. The postman will d______ the letters to your home tomorrow morning. 11. The restaurant workers s______ food to customers with a smile every day. 12. It’s okay to make a m______ when learning something new, as long as you learn from it. 【答案】1. select 2. gym 3. afford 4. seafood 5. beef 6. lab 7. destroy 8. hit 9. supplies 10. deliver 11. serve 12. mistake 二、根据汉语提示填空。（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分） 1. The car ______ (碰撞；撞击) a tree because the driver was driving too fast. 2. The ______ (平均的) age of students in our class is 14 years old. 3. It is ______ (很可能发生（或存在等）的) that it will rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. 4. The rocket needs a lot of ______ (燃料) to fly into space. 5. The restaurant workers ______ (为…… 工作；服务) food to customers with a smile every day. 6. At one ______ (时刻；阶段) of the game, our team was losing, but we finally won. 7. My family likes to eat fresh ______ (海鲜) when we go to the seaside. 8. Please ______ (粘；贴) this note on the desk so you don’t forget the homework. 9. The man-made ______ (人造卫星) helps us with TV signals and weather reports. 10. Exercising at the gym can help build strong ______ (肌肉) and keep you healthy. 11. We can’t ______ (承担得起（后果）) to miss the important meeting tomorrow. 12. I go to the school ______ (健身房) to play basketball every Friday afternoon. 【答案】1. hit 2. average 3. probable 4. fuel 5. serve 6. point 7. seafood 8. stick 9. satellite 10. muscle 11. afford 12. gym 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共11小题，每小题1分，共11分） 1．Yesterday, my little brother ________ (throw) a small stone into the river. 2．He ________ (prefer) walking to school when he was a primary school student. 3．Last weekend, a group of students ________ (spend) an afternoon there for a study visit. 4．She ________ (paint) a nice picture when her friend came to visit her yesterday. 5．I _________ (talk) to Fox at that time. 6．She ________ (not do) her homework at that time. 7．I ________ (watch) TV at eight last night. 8．When I got there, they _________ (take) photos of the cherry blossoms. 9．Yesterday, while he _________ (walk) around the classroom, Tom looked nervous. 10．He ________ (lie) on the sofa when I entered the room. 11．While my mother ________ (cook), I was doing my homework. 【答案】1．threw 【详解】句意：昨天，我的小弟弟往河里扔了一块小石头。句中“Yesterday”是过去的时间状语，提示句子要用一般过去时，throw是不规则动词，其过去式为threw，表示“扔，投掷”。 2．preferred 【详解】句意：当他还是小学生的时候，他更喜欢步行去学校。句中“when he was a primary school student”为时间状语从句，提示动作发生在过去，可判断主句是一般过去时。“prefer”的过去式为“preferred”。 3．spent 【详解】句意：上周末，一群学生在那里度过了一个下午进行学习参观。句中时间状语“Last weekend”（上周末），这是一个明确的过去时间标志词，表明句子描述的动作发生在过去，所以句子要用一般过去时。动词spend的过去式是spent，因此横线处应填spent。 4．was painting 【详解】句意：昨天她的朋友来看她时，她正在画一幅漂亮的画。根据句意和语境可知，“when her friend came”表示过去某一具体时间点，主句描述该时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主语She为第三人称单数，故填was painting。 5．was talking 【详解】句意：我那时正在和福克斯说话。根据“at that time”可知，此处用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+现在分词；主语是“I”，故用was talking。 6．wasn’t doing 【详解】句意：她那时没有在做作业。根据句中“at that time”（在那时）是过去进行时的标志性时间词，应用过去进行时，否定形式wasn’t/weren’t+现在分词，主语she属于第三人称单数，否定形式为wasn’t，do的现在分词形式为doing，故填wasn’t doing。 7．was watching 【详解】句意：昨晚八点我正在看电视。根据时间状语“at eight last night”提示，表示过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语I为第一人称，be动词用was，watch的现在分词形式是watching。 8．were taking 【详解】句意：当我到达那里的时候，他们正在拍樱花的照片。“When I got there”用了一般过去时，表示过去在“我”到达的那一刻，拍照正在发生、进行当中，要用过去进行时，结构为：was/were + 动词现在分词；主语是“they”，be动词用were，动词take的现在分词为taking。 9．was walking 【详解】句意：昨天，当汤姆在教室里走动时，他看起来很紧张。根据“Yesterday”可知是过去的时间，while引导的时间状语从句强调动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时，其结构为was/were + 动词的现在分词，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词用was，walk的现在分词是walking。 10．was lying 【详解】句意：当我进入房间时，他正躺在沙发上。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（entered），主句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，结构为was/were + 现在分词；主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用was，lie的现在分词是lying。 11．was cooking 【详解】 句意：当我妈妈在做饭的时候，我正在做作业。“while”引导的时间状语从句中，主句和从句的动作在过去同时持续进行，均使用过去进行时。主语“my mother”为第三人称单数，故填was cooking。 四、单项选择（共18小题，每小题1分，满分18分） 1. If you make a serious mistake, you have to ______ the consequences. A. afford B. select C. serve D. deliver 2. I made a big ______ in my math test by forgetting to carry over a number. A. fuel B. mistake C. supply D. lab 3. Please ______ this note to your desk so you don’t forget the homework. A. hit B. stick C. destroy D. afford 4. The car will ______ the wall if the driver doesn’t slow down. A. serve B. select C. hit D. deliver 5. Exercising at the gym can help build strong ______ and keep you healthy. A. muscle B. beef C. seafood D. point 6. I go to the school ______ to play basketball every Friday afternoon. A. lab B. gym C. satellite D. spaceflight 7. The man-made ______ helps us with TV signals and weather reports. A. satellite B. fuel C. mistake D. average 8. The strong storm will ______ many small houses in the village. A. destroy B. stick C. afford D. select 9. The ______ age of students in our class is 14 years old. A. probable B. average C. seafood D. serve 10. It is ______ that it will rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella with you. A. probable B. fuel C. lab D. point 11. —Why do you look so sad? —I’m ______. I have so much homework that I ______ not having enough time to do sport. A. worried; worry about B. worried; worry C. worrying; worry D. worrying; worry about 12. After the performance, the audience stood up and started ________. A. clap B. clapping C. to clapping D. clapped 13. I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A. learned B. am learning C. has learned D. was learning 14. — I called you at 7 p.m. yesterday, but no one answered. — Oh, sorry. I ________ dinner in the kitchen at that time. A. have cooked B. cooked C. was cooking D. cook 15. I didn’t pass the exam, but ________, I have another chance next week. A. luck B. lucky C. luckily D. luckier 16. If you want to learn English well, ________ English every day is necessary. A. practise B. practising C. practised D. practises 17. It takes him 15 minutes ________ home from school. A. walking B. to walk C. walks D. walk 18. —Did you hear the loud sound? —Yes. I ________ TV when it happened. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. watches 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. C 五、完成句子（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） 1．薯片是无意中被发明的。 Potato chips were invented _______ ________. 【答案】 by mistake 【详解】原句中“无意中”是关键词，表示“无意中”的短语是by mistake，固定搭配。 2．他家境贫困，所以他买不起新书包。 His family is poor, so he ________ ________ ________ buy a new schoolbag. 【答案】 can’t afford to 【详解】原句中“买不起”是关键词，表示“买不起”的短语是“can’t afford to”。故填can’t；afford；to。 3．说实话，我已经有一段时间没有踢足球了。 To be honest, I_______ _______ football ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 haven’t played for a while 【详解】根据中英文对照，此处缺少“已经没有踢”和“一段时间”。本句时态是现在完成时，haven’t played“已经没有踢”，for a while“一段时间”。故填haven’t；played；for；a；while。 4．不要为明天担心，要活在当下。 Don’t ________ ________ tomorrow, and live in the present. 【答案】 worry about 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“担心”，worry about“担心”，Don’t后接动词原形。故填worry；about。 5．这场足球比赛结果是今年最好的一场。 The football game _______ _______ to be the best one this year. 【答案】turned out 【详解】原句中的关键词为“结果是”，“结果是”的动词短语为turn out，根据句意可知，时态为一般过去时，需用动词turn的过去式turned。故填turned out。 6．看到我的纸火箭成功起飞，多么令人激动啊！ ________ ________ it was to see my paper rocket ________ ________ successfully! 【答案】 How exciting take off 【详解】原句中“多么令人激动”和“起飞”是关键词。表示“多么令人激动”用How exciting。How引导的感叹句：How + 形容词+主语+谓语！这里形容词是exciting“令人激动的”。表示“起飞”的短语是 take off，see后面用动词原形，所以直接填 take off。 六、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Not many girls have grown up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have got into space. But Wang Haoze has managed 1 both. As a student, Wang worked hard in school. In 2008, she 2 Southeast University. It’s one of China’s top universities. But Wang shone not just in the classroom. She was also a good runner and often did well in races. As a top student, Wang always paid attention 3 new research fields. These programs were exciting 4 difficult. Wang once complained (抱怨) about the challenges. Her teacher gave her some advice. He told her 5 : Always do your best, even if you don’t like it. Make hard work a habit. If you don’t, you might not know how to give your best when you 6 find something you love. Wang kept these words in mind. After graduation, she discovered her love for space science. She began working as 7 rocket engineer. Wang learned a lot and enjoyed solving problems. In just a few months, she designed a great new style. In May 2018, China began training a new class of astronauts. Wang caught the chance and signed up (报名). Thanks to her strong body and mind, she 8 . During her training, she faced one challenge after another, but she 9 thought of giving up. On October 30th, 2024, Wang flew into space by Shenzhou-19 spaceship. She might meet many 10 at the Tiangong space station, but without doubt, she will put her best foot forward. 1．A．achieve B．to achieve C．lose D．to lose 2．A．enters B．entered C．will enter D．has entered 3．A．to B．at C．with D．of 4．A．and B．or C．but D．so 5．A．why she should do B．why should she do C．what should she do D．what she should do 6．A．wise B．wisely C．finally D．final 7．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 9．A．never B．always C．often D．usually 10．A．decisions B．decision C．challenges D．challenge 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文通过中国首位女性航天飞行工程师王浩泽的成长与突破，展现了 “从火箭设计者到太空探索者” 的传奇历程，核心聚焦于个人奋斗、性别突破与航天精神的传承。 1．句意：但王浩泽做到了这两点。 achieve实现，动词原形；to achieve实现，动词不定式；lose失去，动词原形；to lose失去，动词不定式。根据“Not many girls have grown up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have got into space.”可知，王浩泽成为火箭工程师且进入了太空，做到了这两点，manage to do sth“成功做某事”，因此用动词不定式to achieve。故选B。 2．句意：2008年，她考入东南大学。 enters一般现在时；entered一般过去时；will enter一般将来时；has entered现在完成时。根据“In 2008,”可知，时态为一般过去时。故选B。 3．句意：作为一名学霸，王总是关注新的研究领域。 to到；at在；with具有；of……的。pay attention to“关注，注意”，是固定短语。故选A。 4．句意：这些项目令人兴奋，但也很难。 and和；or或者；but但是；so所以。“exciting”和“difficult”表示转折关系，指项目令人兴奋但也很难。故选C。 5．句意：他告诉她该做什么。 why she should do她为什么要这么做，陈述语序；why should she do她为什么要这么做；what should she do她该做什么；what she should do她该做什么，陈述语序。根据“ Always do your best, even if you don’t like it. Make hard work a habit. If you don’t, you might not know how to give your best when you... find something you love.”可知，此处指老师告诉她应该做什么；分析句子结构可知，空处是宾语从句，应该用陈述语序。故选D。 6．句意：如果你不这样做，当你最终找到你喜欢的东西时，你可能不知道如何全力以赴。 wise明智的，形容词；wisely明智地，副词；finally最终，副词；final最终的，形容词。根据“when you... find something you love.”可知，此处应填副词修饰动词find，强调长期努力后最终找到热爱之事的结果，因此finally符合语境。故选C。 7．句意：她开始做火箭工程师。 a一，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；an一，用于以元音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；the表示特指。根据“ She began working as... rocket engineer.”可知，此处泛指一名火箭工程师，且rocket是以辅音音素开头的单词。故选A。 8．句意：由于她强壮的身体和精神，她被录取了。 accepts一般现在时；is accepted一般现在时被动语态；accepted一般过去时；was accepted一般过去时被动语态。根据“In May 2018,”可知，时态为一般过去时，且主语she与谓语动词accept之间是被动关系，表示“她被录取了”，因此用一般过去时被动语态。故选D。 9．句意：在训练过程中，她面临着一个又一个的挑战，但她从未想过要放弃。 never从未；always总是；often经常；usually通常。根据“she faced one challenge after another, but she... thought of giving up.”可知，虽然挑战很多，但她从未放弃。故选A。 10．句意：在天宫空间站，她可能会遇到很多挑战，但毫无疑问，她会全力以赴。 decisions决定，复数名词；decision决定，单数名词；challenges挑战，复数名词；challenge挑战，单数名词。根据“She might meet many... at the Tiangong space station,”可知，此处指在天宫空间站可能会遇到很多挑战，many后接复数名词。故选C。 七、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 Jing Haipeng has become the first Chinese astronaut to go into space for the 1 time, as he was chosen to be the commander (指挥官) of the Shenzhou-16 manned space mission. Jing Haipeng, born in 1966, has visited space more 2 than any other Chinese astronaut. “As an astronaut, it is our main 3 to go to space,” he told the press. The experienced astronaut 4 the nation’s attention in September 2008. He was 5 as one of three crew members for the Shenzhou-7 mission and traveled in space for more than two days. The crew completed China’s first spacewalk. In June 2012, Jing 6 the commander of the Shenzhou-9 mission. He worked with Liu Wang and Liu Yang in 7 for 13 days, completing China’s first manned space docking. In October 2016, Jing was chosen as the commander of the Shenzhou-11 mission. He and Chen Dong 8 33 days in space. In May 2023, Jing returned to space as the commander of Shenzhou-16. Born in a village in north China’s Shanxi Province, Jing first showed a(n) 9 in aviation when he was a teenager and found inspiration from a picture of a 10 . Jing took part in an aviation exam in 1984, 11 failed because of “physical reasons”. But he did not 12 . The following year, he entered an aviation school. After graduation, he was relocated to a training base in Jiangsu Province. He had clocked (达到) 1,200 hours of 13 flight time while working as a pilot. Jing believes that life is made up of 14 dreams at different stages of time. “We should 15 goals one after another, and work hard to realize our dreams,” he said. 1．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 2．A．prices B．ways C．times D．stories 3．A．duty B．idea C．way D．step 4．A．caught B．took C．brought D．broke 5．A．found B．chosen C．asked D．met 6．A．introduced B．guided C．became D．served 7．A．space B．air C．room D．condition 8．A．carried B．used C．left D．spent 9．A．hobby B．custom C．interest D．respect 10．A．director B．writer C．teacher D．pilot 11．A．so B．because C．if D．but 12．A．give up B．give off C．give away D．give back 13．A．safe B．comfortable C．nervous D．easy 14．A．same B．different C．dangerous D．lifelong 15．A．look for B．set up C．look up D．set out 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国航天员景海鹏多次执行航天任务的经历及其对航天事业的热爱与坚持。 1．句意：景海鹏成为第一位进入太空4次的中国宇航员。 first第一次；second第二次；third第三次；fourth第四次。根据下文“as one of three crew members for the Shenzhou-7 mission and traveled in space for more than two days.”、“In June 2012...for 13 days, completing China’s first manned space docking.”、“In October 2016, Jing was chosen as the commander of the Shenzhou-11 mission.”、“In May 2023, Jing returned to space as the commander of Shenzhou-16.”可知，景海鹏在神州16号中进入太空是第四次，故选D。 2．句意：景海鹏，1966年出生，进入太空的次数比其他中国宇航员都多。 prices价格；ways方式；times次数；stories故事。根据“has visited space more…than any other Chinese astronaut”可知，景海鹏进入太空的次数比其他宇航员都多，故选C。 3．句意：作为一名宇航员，我们的主要职责是进入太空。 duty职责；idea想法；way方式；step步骤。根据“it is our main…to go to space”可知，宇航员的主要职责是进入太空，故选A。 4．句意：这位经验丰富的宇航员在2008年9月引起了全国的关注。 caught引起；took拿走；brought带来；broke打破。根据“the nation’s attention in September 2008”可知，他在2008年9月引起了全国的关注，故选A。 5．句意：他被选为神舟七号任务的三名乘员之一。 found发现；chosen被选；asked询问；met遇见。根据“He was…as one of three crew members for the Shenzhou-7 mission”可知，他被选为神舟七号任务的乘员之一，故选B。 6．句意：2012年6月，景海鹏成为神舟九号任务的指挥官。 introduced介绍；guided引导；became成为；served服务。根据“Jing…the commander of the Shenzhou-9 mission”可知，他成为神舟九号任务的指挥官，故选C。 7．句意：他与刘旺和刘洋在太空中工作了13天，完成了中国首次载人空间对接。 space太空；air空气；room房间；condition条件。根据“He worked with Liu Wang and Liu Yang in…for 13 days”可知，他们在太空中工作了13天，故选A。 8．句意：他和陈冬在太空中度过了33天。 carried携带；used使用；left离开；spent度过。根据“He and Chen Dong…33 days in space”可知，他们在太空中度过了33天，故选D。 9．句意：景海鹏在青少年时期就表现出了对航空的兴趣。 hobby爱好；custom习俗；interest兴趣；respect尊重。根据“Jing first showed a(n)…in aviation when he was a teenager”可知，他青少年时期就表现出了对航空的兴趣，故选C。 10．句意：他从一张飞行员的照片中找到了灵感。 director导演；writer作家；teacher教师；pilot飞行员。根据“found inspiration from a picture of a…”可知，他从一张飞行员的照片中找到了灵感，故选D。 11．句意：景海鹏在1984年参加了一次航空考试，但由于“身体原因”失败了。 so因此；because因为；if如果；but但是。根据“Jing took part in an aviation exam in 1984,…failed because of ‘physical reasons’”可知，他参加了考试，但失败了，故选D。 12．句意：但他没有放弃。 give up放弃；give off发出；give away赠送；give back归还。根据“But he did not…”可知，他没有放弃，故选A。 13．句意：他在担任飞行员期间累计了1200小时的安全飞行时间。 safe安全的；comfortable舒适的；nervous紧张的；easy容易的。根据“He had clocked 1,200 hours of…fight time while working as a pilot”可知，他累计了1200小时的安全飞行时间，故选A。 14．句意：景海鹏认为，人生是由不同阶段的不同梦想组成的。 same相同的；different不同的；dangerous危险的；lifelong终身的。根据“life is made up of…dreams at different stages of time”可知，人生是由不同阶段的不同梦想组成的，故选B。 15．句意：我们应该一个接一个地设定目标，并努力实现我们的梦想。 look for寻找；set up设立；look up查阅；set out出发。根据“We should…goals one after another, and work hard to realize our dreams”可知，我们应该一个接一个地设定目标，故选B。 八、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下文连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 A successful failure On 13 April 1970, everything was looking good for the astronauts on Apollo13. Two days earlier, James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise 1 (leave) the earth to go to the moon. They rode in their spaceship’s command module (令). Suddenly, there was 2 loud noise. Part of their spaceship blew up. Oxygen escaped rapidly from the command module. They could not live 3 enough oxygen. They also needed oxygen to help power the command module. Without enough oxygen and power, there’s no way to return home. Yet, they were not alone. Engineers on earth began working on 4 (they) problems. With the 5 (engineer) help, the three men closed down the command module and went to the lunar module. The lunar module had plenty of oxygen, but not enough power, so the engineers found ways to help them 6 (save) power. Then, their increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air became an issue. The engineers tried hard 7 discovered how to solve the problem. Finally, the engineers helped them get power to the command module so they could 8 (go) back to earth in it. After the three men on Apollo 13 came back to earth, their journey 9 (call) “a successful failure” by NASA. It was a failure because they didn’t set foot on the moon. But it was also a success since all of the men came home 10 (safe)—because of the excellent work of the whole team. 【答案】1．left 2．a 3．without 4．their 5．engineers’ 6．save/to save 7．and 8．go 9．was called 10．safely 【导语】本文讲述了阿波罗 13 号登月任务突发故障，在地面工程师的全力帮助下，宇航员虽未能登月却全部平安返航，被称作一次成功的失败。 1．句意：两天前，詹姆斯・洛弗尔、约翰・斯威格特和弗雷德・海斯离开地球前往月球。根据时间状语“Two days earlier”以及全文过去的故事背景，时态为一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。 2．句意：突然，传来一声巨响。noise为可数名词单数，loud以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指“一声”，用不定冠词a。 3．句意：没有充足的氧气，他们无法生存。结合前文氧气泄漏的语境，此处表达“没有 氧气就不能存活，介词without意为 “没有”。 4．句意：地球上的工程师开始着手解决他们的难题。空后有名词problems，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 5．句意：在工程师们的帮助下，这三名宇航员关闭了指挥舱。固定搭配with one’s help，此处表示多名工程师，先变复数engineers，再变为名词所有格engineers’。 6．句意：工程师们找到方法帮助他们节约能源。固定句型help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，此处填(to) save。 7．句意：工程师们努力尝试并且找到了解决问题的办法。前后两个动作“努力尝试”与“找到办法”是并列顺承关系，用并列连词and。 8．句意：最终工程师为指挥舱供能，让他们可以乘坐指挥舱返回地球。情态动词could后接动词原形go。 9．句意：阿波罗13号的三名宇航员返回地球后，他们的旅程被美国国家航空航天局称作“一次成功的失败”。主语journey和动词call是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态was called。 10．句意：但这也是一次成功，因为所有人都安全回到了家。此处修饰动词短语came home，需要用副词，safe的副词形式是safely。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $