Unit 7 Space exploration 过去进行时（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 以“定义-结构-应用”为逻辑主线，系统构建过去进行时专项训练体系，融合基础夯实与综合应用，提升语言运用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览|1模块|系统梳理定义、结构、时间词及句型变化，明确when/while从句用法|从概念生成到规则推导，构建语法知识网络| |B考点夯基|选择12题+填空7题+完成句子7题|针对基础考点设题，强化“was/were+doing”结构及时间标志词识别|通过基础题型巩固语法规则，形成应用能力| |C综合攻坚|语法选择15题+语法填空10题|结合太空探索主题语境，训练语法在语篇中的综合运用|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移与能力跃升|

Unit 7 Space exploration 核心语法精练（过去进行时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、选择题 2 二、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 3 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一 语法选择 4 题型二 语法填空 5 过去进行时 一、定义：表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 二、基本结构：was / were + doing 三、时间词：at that time、过去具体的时间点（如at 3:30 yesterday）、由when/while引导的时间状语从句。 四、句型变化 肯定句 主语 + was / were + doing（+其他）. She was reading at that time. 那时候她在读书。 They were reading at that time. 那时候他们在读书。 否定句 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + doing（+其他）. She wasn’t reading at that time. 那时候她没在读书。 They weren’t reading at that time. 那时候他们没在读书。 一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + doing （+其他）? Was she reading at that time? 那时候她在读书吗? Were they reading at that time? 那时候他们在读书吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + doing （+其他）? Where was she reading at that time? 那时候她在哪里读书? Where were they reading at that time? 那时候他们在哪里读书? 五、过去进行时在when/while引导的时间状语从句中 1. 由when引导的时间状语从句，短暂性动词用一般过去时，延续性动词用过去进行时。 When I was reading in the room, my grandma fell asleep. 当我正在房间读书的时候，我的奶奶睡着了。 2. 由while引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词通常用延续性动词，因此while可以连接两个正在进行的动作。 I was reading in the room while my mother was cooking. 当我正在房间读书的时候，我的妈妈正在做饭。 一、选择题 1. —What were you doing when I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening? —I ________ an English movie in the living room. A. am watching B. have watched C. was watching D. will watch 2. My mother was reading a newspaper ________ my father came back home. A. while B. before C. when D. since 3. —I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A. was taking B. took C. am taking D. was taken 4. When the phone ________ suddenly last night, I _________ my math homework carefully in my room. A. rang; did B. was ringing; was doing C. rang; was doing D. was ringing; did 5. At 8:00 last night, I ________ a documentary about China’s space missions on TV. A. watched B. am watching C. was watching D. watch 6. We ________ the classroom when the teacher came in. A. clean B. cleaned C. are cleaning D. were cleaning 7. —What _______ you _______ at 8:00 last night? —I was taking a shower. A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing D. do; do 8. The kids _________ trees with their parents this time last Sunday. A. were planting B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 9. While my parents were preparing dinner, I ________ my homework carefully. A. do B. will do C. am doing D. was doing 10. —Mr Liu, it’s you! I haven’t seen you for weeks. What a surprise! —I _________ as a volunteer in the mountain area those weeks. I just came back yesterday. A. am working B. have worked C. was working D. worked 11. —Our local dance show A Dream of Red Mansions is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A. fights B. will fight C. fight D. was fighting 12. While the astronaut ________ outside the spaceship, he dropped a tool. A. is working B. was working C. worked D. works 二、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. Little George ________ (do) his homework when I called him last night. 2. —Why didn’t you answer my call just now? —Sorry, I ________ (wash) my hands and didn’t hear it. 3. My father ________ (read) a newspaper while I was watching TV. 4. They ________ (play) football at five yesterday afternoon. 5. We _________ (have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 6. Between 9:30 and 10:00, I _________ (take) a walk with Fox. 7. While my father ________ (read) newspapers, my mother ________ (clean) the room. 三、完成句子 1. 当我看着窗外时，一颗卫星正在绕着地球运行。 When I looked out of the window, a satellite ________ ________ around the Earth. 2. 当台风来的时候，你的家人正在做什么? What ________ your family ________ when the typhoon ________ ? 3. 当她正在等公共汽车时，我看见了她。 I saw her ________ she ________ ________ for the bus. 4. 暴风雪开始时，孩子们正在外面玩耍。   The children ________ ________ outside when the snowstorm ________. 5. 凯特正在做作业时，她的妈妈打电话来了。   Kate ________ ________ homework when her mother ________ her. 6. 昨天这个时候他们正在做什么？ What ________ they ________ at this time yesterday? 7. 昨天这个时候，我正在图书馆看书。 At this time yesterday, I ________ ________ in the library. 题型一 语法选择 Where there is a will, there is a way. On October the 30th, 2024, Wang Haoze, together with the other 2 astronauts, 1 it to enter the China Space Station and met the other three astronauts who had lived there. It is 2 great honor of Wang to be the first Chinese woman space flight engineer, she is 3 the first post-90s 4 space! Born in March, 1990, Wang 5 a fan of science since she was young. Also, her mother who is a middle school teacher has a great influence on 6 study. In 2008, she went to Southeastern University in Nanjing. After seven years of study, she got a master degree, 7 then she went to Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute for further research. In September, 2020, after rounds of physical checks and professional test, Wang Haoze was chosen as an astronaut for the Shenzhou XIX mission. 8 Wang heard the news, she signed up without 9 . She became the first woman space flight engineer and one of the three Chinese 10 entering space. Even though she knew she would face lots of big challenges, she never thought about 11 . “That is exactly 12 I want! I have been interested in space 13 many years and sometimes dreamed about doing research in space, so I was excited.” Wang said. Wang felt 14 and lucky. She said, “When Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut, flew into space on the Shenzhou V spaceship in 2003, I was still a junior high school student. I just 15 even imagine at that time that I would fly to the space like him one day. 1. A. make B. makes C. made D. making 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. too B. as well C. also D. either 4. A. enter B. enters C. entered D. to enter 5. A. is B. was C. has been D. have been 6. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 7. A. but B. so C. and D. or 8. A. If B. Since C. When D. Although 9. A. thought B. thinking C. think D. to think 10. A. woman astronauts B. woman astronaut C. women astronauts D. women’s astronauts 11. A. giving away B. giving up C. giving off D. giving in 12. A. how B. which C. that D. what 13. A. for B. on C. at D. about 14. A. pride B. proud C. proudly D. prouder 15. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. shouldn’t 题型二 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卷的相应位置。 Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had 3 (they) babies in 43 days. So 4 did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future 6 (study) in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply. The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Space exploration 核心语法精练（过去进行时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、选择题 2 二、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 8 题型一 语法选择 8 题型二 语法填空 11 过去进行时 一、定义：表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 二、基本结构：was / were + doing 三、时间词：at that time、过去具体的时间点（如at 3:30 yesterday）、由when/while引导的时间状语从句。 四、句型变化 肯定句 主语 + was / were + doing（+其他）. She was reading at that time. 那时候她在读书。 They were reading at that time. 那时候他们在读书。 否定句 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + doing（+其他）. She wasn’t reading at that time. 那时候她没在读书。 They weren’t reading at that time. 那时候他们没在读书。 一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + doing （+其他）? Was she reading at that time? 那时候她在读书吗? Were they reading at that time? 那时候他们在读书吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + doing （+其他）? Where was she reading at that time? 那时候她在哪里读书? Where were they reading at that time? 那时候他们在哪里读书? 五、过去进行时在when/while引导的时间状语从句中 1. 由when引导的时间状语从句，短暂性动词用一般过去时，延续性动词用过去进行时。 When I was reading in the room, my grandma fell asleep. 当我正在房间读书的时候，我的奶奶睡着了。 2. 由while引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词通常用延续性动词，因此while可以连接两个正在进行的动作。 I was reading in the room while my mother was cooking. 当我正在房间读书的时候，我的妈妈正在做饭。 一、选择题 1. —What were you doing when I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening? —I ________ an English movie in the living room. A. am watching B. have watched C. was watching D. will watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天晚上 7 点我给你打电话时你在做什么？——我正在客厅看一部英语电影。 根据问句中的时间状语when I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening可知，此处强调过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing。主语是I，be动词用was。 2. My mother was reading a newspaper ________ my father came back home. A. while B. before C. when D. since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈正在看报纸的时候，我爸爸回到了家。 while当……时，通常引导持续性的动作或状态；before在……之前；when当……时，既可以引导持续性的动作或状态，也可以引导短暂性的动作；since自从。根据“My mother was reading a newspaper…my father came back home.”可知，此处表示“当……时”，且“came back home”是短暂性动作，用when引导时间状语从句。应填when。 3. —I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A. was taking B. took C. am taking D. was taken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我昨天晚上给你打电话了，但是没人接。——哦，那时我正在洗淋浴。 “take a shower”是动词短语，意为“淋浴”。根据时间状语“yesterday evening”和“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+doing”。主语是I，be动词用was，应填was taking。 4. When the phone ________ suddenly last night, I _________ my math homework carefully in my room. A. rang; did B. was ringing; was doing C. rang; was doing D. was ringing; did 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨晚当电话突然响起时，我正在房间里认真地做数学作业。 when引导的时间状语从句中，短暂性动作“电话响”用一般过去时，背景持续动作“做作业”用过去进行时。根据“last night”和“suddenly”可知，第一空表示瞬间发生动作填rang，第二空表示过去正在进行的动作填was doing。应填rang；was doing。 5. At 8:00 last night, I ________ a documentary about China’s space missions on TV. A. watched B. am watching C. was watching D. watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨晚8点，我正在电视上看一部关于中国太空任务的纪录片。 根据“At 8:00 last night”可知，句子应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，此处应填was watching。 6. We ________ the classroom when the teacher came in. A. clean B. cleaned C. are cleaning D. were cleaning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师进来时，我们正在打扫教室。 根据“when the teacher came in”可知从句是一般过去时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，主句应用过去进行时。应选were cleaning。 7. —What _______ you _______ at 8:00 last night? —I was taking a shower. A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing D. do; do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚8点钟你正在做什么？——我正在洗澡。 时间状语“at 8:00 last night”提示，句子表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，时态应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+现在分词。主语是“you”，be动词要用were，do的现在分词形式是doing。 8. The kids _________ trees with their parents this time last Sunday. A. were planting B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上周日的这个时候，孩子们正和父母一起种树。 根据时间状语“this time last Sunday”可知，句子表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing。主语The kids是复数，be动词用were。 9. While my parents were preparing dinner, I ________ my homework carefully. A. do B. will do C. am doing D. was doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我的父母在准备晚餐时，我正在认真地做作业。 考查时态辨析。根据从句“While my parents were preparing dinner”可知，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，且从句使用过去进行时，因此主句也应用过去进行时，表示“当时正在做作业”。故选D。 10. —Mr Liu, it’s you! I haven’t seen you for weeks. What a surprise! —I _________ as a volunteer in the mountain area those weeks. I just came back yesterday. A. am working B. have worked C. was working D. worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——刘老师，是你！我好几个星期没见你了。真惊喜！——那几个星期我正在山区做志愿者。我昨天刚回来。 根据“those weeks”和“I just came back yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去，此处强调在那几周期间一直在进行的动作，用以解释为何没见面，应用过去进行时态，应填was working。 11. —Our local dance show A Dream of Red Mansions is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A. fights B. will fight C. fight D. was fighting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们当地的舞蹈表演《红楼梦》非常火爆。——确实，我整个上午都在为票而“斗争”。幸运的是，我终于弄到了一张！ 考查动词时态。根据“the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one!”可知，此处表示过去一段时间内一直在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 12. While the astronaut ________ outside the spaceship, he dropped a tool. A. is working B. was working C. worked D. works 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当宇航员正在飞船外工作时，他掉了一个工具。 根据主句谓语dropped可知句子基调为过去时。从句引导词While表示“当……期间”，强调背景动作正在进行，因此从句应用过去进行时(was/were + doing)。主语the astronaut为单数，be动词用was。A项为现在进行时，C项为一般过去时，D项为一般现在时，均不符合语境。 二、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. Little George ________ (do) his homework when I called him last night. 【答案】was doing 【详解】句意：昨晚我打电话给小乔治时，他正在做作业。根据“when I called him last night”可知，when引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，表示过去某一具体时间点发生的动作，主句表示该动作发生时正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语“Little George”为第三人称单数，故填was doing。 2. —Why didn’t you answer my call just now? —Sorry, I ________ (wash) my hands and didn’t hear it. 【答案】was washing 【详解】句意：——你刚才为什么不接我的电话？——抱歉，我当时正在洗手，没听到。问句问“刚才为什么没接电话”，“接电话”是过去的瞬间动作，答句中“洗手”是这个瞬间正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时was/were+现在分词，主语是I，过去进行时的be动词用was，wash的现在分词为washing。 3. My father ________ (read) a newspaper while I was watching TV. 【答案】was reading 【详解】句意：我在看电视时，我父亲在读报纸。while对比两个同时进行的过去动作，全部用过去进行时；my father单数，此处用was reading。 4. They ________ (play) football at five yesterday afternoon. 【答案】were playing 【详解】句意：昨天下午五点，他们正在踢足球。句中时间状语“at five yesterday afternoon”是过去的具体时间点，要用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语they为复数，be动词用were，play的现在分词为playing。 5. We _________ (have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：我们正在吃午饭，突然有人敲门。“when suddenly someone knocked at the door”表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，主句要用过去进行时。主语是We，be动词用were，have的现在分词是having，故填were having。 6. Between 9:30 and 10:00, I _________ (take) a walk with Fox. 【答案】was taking 【详解】句意：在9:30到10:00之间，我和福克斯正在散步。时间状语“Between 9:30 and 10:00”表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语I，be动词用was，take的现在分词为taking。 7. While my father ________ (read) newspapers, my mother ________ (clean) the room. 【答案】was reading was cleaning 【详解】句意：当我父亲在看报纸时，我的母亲在打扫房间。句中“While”引导时间状语从句，强调主从句两个动作同时发生，主从句动作均为过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作，应用过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“my father”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，read的现在分词为reading；主语“my mother”也是第三人称单数，be动词用was，clean的现在分词为cleaning。故填was reading；was cleaning。 三、完成句子 1. 当我看着窗外时，一颗卫星正在绕着地球运行。 When I looked out of the window, a satellite ________ ________ around the Earth. 【答案】 was travelling/going 【详解】原句关键词为“正在”，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，根据“looked”可知从句使用一般过去时，主句需用过去进行时，即was+现在分词。卫星“运行”可用travelling或going，故填was travelling或was going。 2. 当台风来的时候，你的家人正在做什么? What ________ your family ________ when the typhoon ________ ? 【答案】 were doing came 【详解】原句中“正在做什么”和“来”是关键词。本句是一个时间状语从句，“当台风来的时候”是过去的时间点，故从句用一般过去时，第③空填came。表示在过去的时间点“正在做什么”用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing，主语“your family”表示家庭成员，为复数，第①空填were，第②空填doing。故填were；doing；came。 3. 当她正在等公共汽车时，我看见了她。 I saw her ________ she ________ ________ for the bus. 【答案】 when/while was waiting 【详解】原句中“当……时”和“等待……”是关键词，强调动作正在进行，用when/while引导；“等待”是短语“wait for”，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，结构是was/were+动词现在分词，主语是she，用was；wait的现在分词是waiting。故填when/while；was waiting。 4. 暴风雪开始时，孩子们正在外面玩耍。   The children ________ ________ outside when the snowstorm ________. 【答案】were playing started 【详解】原句中“正在玩耍”和“开始”是关键词，表示“玩耍”用play，表示“开始”用start。句子为when引导的时间状语从句，主句表示“过去某个时刻正在做某事”，用过去进行时“was/were+现在分词”，主语The children为复数，be动词用were，play的现在分词为playing。暴风雪开始是过去发生的事情，从句用一般过去时，用start的过去式started。 5. 凯特正在做作业时，她的妈妈打电话来了。   Kate ________ ________ homework when her mother ________ her. 【答案】was doing called 【详解】原句中“正在做作业”为关键信息，对应过去进行时结构was/were + doing，主语Kate为第三人称单数，be动词用was，do的现在分词为doing；“打电话来”对应动词call，句子用一般过去时，call的过去式为called。 6. 昨天这个时候他们正在做什么？ What ________ they ________ at this time yesterday? 【答案】were doing 【详解】原句中“正在做”是关键词，“at this time yesterday”表明此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，“做”的单词do，现在分词是doing，主语为they，be动词用were。 7. 昨天这个时候，我正在图书馆看书。 At this time yesterday, I ________ ________ in the library. 【答案】was reading 【详解】原句中“正在看书”是关键词，句子描述的是过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，所以要用过去进行时。过去进行时的结构是“was/were + 动词的现在分词”。 “看书”用“read”表示，其现在分词形式是“reading”。句子主语是“I”，是第一人称单数，所以be动词要用“was”。 题型一 语法选择 Where there is a will, there is a way. On October the 30th, 2024, Wang Haoze, together with the other 2 astronauts, 1 it to enter the China Space Station and met the other three astronauts who had lived there. It is 2 great honor of Wang to be the first Chinese woman space flight engineer, she is 3 the first post-90s 4 space! Born in March, 1990, Wang 5 a fan of science since she was young. Also, her mother who is a middle school teacher has a great influence on 6 study. In 2008, she went to Southeastern University in Nanjing. After seven years of study, she got a master degree, 7 then she went to Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute for further research. In September, 2020, after rounds of physical checks and professional test, Wang Haoze was chosen as an astronaut for the Shenzhou XIX mission. 8 Wang heard the news, she signed up without 9 . She became the first woman space flight engineer and one of the three Chinese 10 entering space. Even though she knew she would face lots of big challenges, she never thought about 11 . “That is exactly 12 I want! I have been interested in space 13 many years and sometimes dreamed about doing research in space, so I was excited.” Wang said. Wang felt 14 and lucky. She said, “When Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut, flew into space on the Shenzhou V spaceship in 2003, I was still a junior high school student. I just 15 even imagine at that time that I would fly to the space like him one day. 1. A. make B. makes C. made D. making 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. too B. as well C. also D. either 4. A. enter B. enters C. entered D. to enter 5. A. is B. was C. has been D. have been 6. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 7. A. but B. so C. and D. or 8. A. If B. Since C. When D. Although 9. A. thought B. thinking C. think D. to think 10. A. woman astronauts B. woman astronaut C. women astronauts D. women’s astronauts 11. A. giving away B. giving up C. giving off D. giving in 12. A. how B. which C. that D. what 13. A. for B. on C. at D. about 14. A. pride B. proud C. proudly D. prouder 15. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1990年3月出生的王浩泽成为第一位中国女性太空飞行工程师和第一个进入太空的90后的经历。 1. 句意：2024年10月30日，王浩泽和另外两名宇航员成功进入太空站，会见了在那里居住的其他三名宇航员。 make制作，原形；makes制作，三单形式；made制作，过去式；making制作，现在分词。根据“Wang Haoze, together with the other 2 astronauts, ... it to enter the China Space Station”可知，此处指王浩泽和另外两名宇航员成功进入太空站，固定搭配make it“成功”。根据“On October the 30th, 2024”可知时态为一般过去时，故选C。 2. 句意：作为第一位中国女性太空飞行工程师和第一个进入太空的90后，对王浩泽来说，这是莫大的荣誉！ a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的可数名词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的可数名词；the这个，那个，这些，那些；/零冠词。此处honor表示一件荣誉的事，是可数名词，因为great是辅音音素开头，此处用不定冠词a。故选A。 3. 句意：作为第一位中国女性太空飞行工程师和第一个进入太空的90后，对王浩泽来说，这是莫大的荣誉！ too也，位于句尾；as well也，位于句尾；also也，位于句首或句中；either也不，位于句尾。根据“she is ... the first post-90s”可知，此处填入also，表达王浩泽不仅是中国首位女性太空飞行工程师，也是一个90后。故选C。 4. 句意：作为第一位中国女性太空飞行工程师和第一个进入太空的90后，对王浩泽来说，这是莫大的荣誉！ enter进入，原形；enters进入，三单形式；entered进入，过去式；to enter进入，不定式。根据“she is also the first post-90s...space!”可知，此处使用句型the first ..to do sth“第一个做某事的……”。故选D。 5. 句意：1990年3月出生的王浩泽，从小就热爱科学。 is是，三单形式；was是，am/is的过去式；has been已经，主语是第三人称单数；have been已经，主语是三单以外的其他人称。根据“Wang...a fan of science since she was young.”可知，这句话是现在完成时，用have/has done结构，又因为主语Wang是第三人称单数，故选C。 6. 句意：同时，她的母亲是一位中学老师，对她的学习有很大的影响。 she她，主格；her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。根据“study”可知此处需要形容词作定语，故选B。 7. 句意：经过七年的学习，她获得了硕士学位，然后她去了北京航天推进研究所继续研究。 but但是，表转折；so所以，表结果；and和，表并列；or或者，表选择。根据“...then she went to Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute for further research.”可知，此处表示王浩泽获得硕士学位后去了北京航天推进研究所，and then“然后”，故选C。 8. 句意：当王浩泽听到这个消息时，她毫不犹豫地就报名了。 If如果；Since自从；When当……时候；Although尽管。根据“Wang heard the news,”可知，此处表示当王浩泽听到这个消息时。故选C。 9. 句意：当王浩泽听到这个消息时，她毫不犹豫地就报名了。 thought想法，名词；thinking思考，动名词；think想，动词原形；to think想，不定式。根据“she signed up without”可知，此处表示王浩泽听到消息后毫不犹豫地报名了，without thinking“毫不犹豫地”，故选B。 10. 句意：她成为第一位女太空飞行工程师，也是进入太空的三位中国女宇航员之一。 woman astronaut女宇航员，单数概念；women astronauts女宇航员们，复数概念；A、D选项为错误表达，排除。结合“three Chinese”和选项可知，此处表达三个女宇航员，名词woman作定语表示复数概念时，也要用复数形式，即women astronauts。故选C。 11. 句意：尽管她知道她将面临许多挑战，但她从未想过放弃。 giving away赠送；giving up放弃；giving off发出；give in投降。根据“Even though she knew she would face lots of big challenges, she never thought about...”可知，尽管将面临很多挑战，王浩泽没想过放弃。故选B。 12. 句意：这正是我想要的！ how如何；which哪一个；that那个；what什么。根据“That is exactly...I want!”可知，此处表示这正是王浩泽想要做的事情，what I want“我想要的”，故选D。 13. 句意：多年来我一直对太空感兴趣，有时梦想着在太空做研究，所以我很兴奋。 for为了……；on在……上面；at在；about关于。根据“I have been interested in space ... many years”可知，这句话是现在完成时，用“for+一段时间”，故选A。 14. 句意：王浩泽感到自豪和幸运。 pride自豪，名词；proud自豪的，形容词；proudly自豪地，副词；prouder更自豪。由“Wang felt ... and lucky”和“She said, ‘When Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut, flew into space on the Shenzhou V spaceship in 2003’”可知，王浩泽作为第一个进入太空的90后女性宇航员，她感到自豪和幸运。feel后接形容词作表语，故选B。 15. 句意：当时我甚至无法想象有一天我会像他一样飞向太空。 mustn’t禁止；can’t不能，原形；couldn’t不能，过去式；shouldn’t不应该。由“I just...even imagine at that time that I would fly to the space like him one day”可知，此处指当时王浩泽无法想象有一天她会飞向太空，时态为一般过去时。故选C。 题型二 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卷的相应位置。 Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had 3 (they) babies in 43 days. So 4 did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future 6 (study) in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply. The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 【答案】1．live 2．have been 3．their 4．how 5．a 6．studies 7．from 8．because 9．easily 10．stronger 【导语】本文介绍了中国科学家在关于斑马鱼的太空研究中创下新纪录，让四条斑马鱼在封闭水环境中生活成长，它们在太空的鱼箱中繁衍后代，还介绍了封闭生态系统的运作原理、斑马鱼在太空和地球上行为的不同及原因，以及这一发现对理解人类健康的帮助。 1．句意：在中国科学家进行的一项关于斑马鱼的太空研究中，他们成功地让四条斑马鱼在一个封闭的水世界里生存和成长。根据“They successfully made four zebrafish...and grow in a closed water world.”可知，句中“make sb. do sth.”是固定用法，表示“让某人做某事”，所以此处要用动词原形“live”。故填live。 2．句意：从那时起，它们就一直生活在一个装有一些植物的封闭鱼缸里。根据“Since then, they...living in a closed fish tank with some plants.”可知，句中“since then”是现在完成进行时的标志，其结构是“have/has been+现在分词”，主语“they”是复数，助动词用“have”，“be”的现在分词是“been”。故填have been。 3．句意：这些鱼在43天内长大并生下了它们的宝宝。根据“The fish grew up and had...babies in 43 days.”可知，句中“babies”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，“they”的形容词性物主代词是“their”。故填their。 4．句意：那么这个特殊的封闭环境是如何起作用的呢？根据“So...did the special closed environment work?”及后面的回答可知，此处是在询问方式，所以应该使用疑问副词“how”。故填how。 5．句意：科学家们通过一个特殊的针管给鱼喂食。根据“The scientists gave the fish food through...special needle”可知，句中此处表示“一个”特殊的针管，是泛指，“special”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 6．句意：这样的一个封闭生态系统对未来的太空研究很重要。根据“Such a closed-loop ecosystem is important for future...in space.”可知，句中“future”表示“未来”，未来的太空研究不止一项，所以要用“study”的复数形式“studies”。故填studies。 7．句意：科学家们还发现，斑马鱼在太空中的行为与在地球上的不同。根据“The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior in space was different...that on Earth.”可知，句中此处“be different from”是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。故填from。 8．句意：那是因为太空中的低重力使这成为可能。根据“That’s...the low gravity in space made it possible.”可知，句中“That’s because...”是固定句型，用来解释原因，意为“那是因为……”。故填because。 9．句意：在地球上，重力把一切都拉向地球的中心，动物们能轻松地找到它们的路。根据“On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way...”可知，“find their way”是动词短语，要用副词来修饰，“easy”的副词形式是“easily”。故填easily。 10．句意：《对话》杂志称，重力也使它们的身体更加努力地工作，变得更强壮。根据“Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become...said The Conversation.”可知，这里是把在太空中和在地球上动物身体的情况作比较，暗含比较的意思，所以要用“strong”的比较级“stronger”。故填stronger。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $