Unit7单词短语、语法句型用法默写与配套练习 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 聚焦沪教牛津版八年级下册Unit7，以“词汇-句型-语法-综合应用”为逻辑链，系统强化语言知识与语境运用能力，融合航天主题培育语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词短语|28词+43短语|词性分类默写，高频短语对比（如“take off”多义）|从课本基础词到拓展短语，构建主题词汇网络| |句型用法|18句型|功能句型归类（如“需要做某事”等固定表达）|按语言功能整合，衔接语法应用| |过去进行时|定义/构成/句型转换/时间标志|when/while用法对比，“长动作+短动作”场景分析，口诀记忆|从概念到句型再到语境辨析，层层递进| |综合练习|单选/阅读/填空/情境任务|词汇语法在航天主题语境中的综合运用|以真实语篇为载体，提升语言运用与思维能力|

沪教牛津版26版八年级下册Unit7单词短语、语法句型用法默写与配套练习(答案版) 一、课本单词短语 英文 词性及中文 beef n. 牛肉 seafood n. 海鲜 afford v. 承担得起（后果） mistake n. 错误；失误 stick v. 粘；贴 hit v. 碰撞；撞击 muscle n. 肌肉 gym n. 健身房 satellite n. 人造卫星 destroy v. 摧毁 average adj. 平均的 probable adj. 很可能发生（或存在等）的 select v. 挑选；选拔 spaceflight n. 航天；宇宙飞行 serve v. 为……工作；服务 deliver v. 传送；运载 fuel n. 燃料 supplies n. [pl.] 补给；补给品 point n. 时刻；阶段 lab n. 实验室 take off 起飞 for a while 一段时间 turn out 证明是；结果是 cannot afford to 承担不起（后果） by mistake 错误地；无意中 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 space junk 太空垃圾 naked eye 肉眼 二、重点课内及拓展短语 英文 中文 do exercise 做运动；锻炼身体 perform a spacewalk 进行太空行走 space station 空间站 space mission 航天任务 space junk 太空垃圾 all kinds of 各种各样的 the same as 和……相同的…… different from 与……不同 wait for 等候，等待 seem like 好像，似乎 take off 起飞；脱下 at first 一开始，起初 at last 最后 for a while 一段时间 worry about 担心 in fact 其实，实际上 many types of 许多种类的 different types of 不同种类的 as well 也，还 turn out 证明是；结果是 stick...to... 把……贴/粘到……上 by mistake 错误地，无意中 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 slow down (使)放慢速度；(使)减速 return to... 回到…… exercise equipment 健身器材 go wrong 弄错；犯错；(机器)出故障 all the time 一直 build up 增强(信心等)；锻炼(身体等) so that 以便，为了 belong to 属于 in the future 在将来 make progress (in...) 在(……方面)取得进步 be similar to 和……相似 dream of/about doing sth 梦想着做……；梦见…… be selected for 被选中去做……；被选中参与…… be named after ……的名字命名；根据……来命名 gi以ve up 放弃 come true 实现；成为现实 serve as 用作 in addition to 除……之外(还)；另外 prepare for... 为……准备…… at a height of 在……的高度；以……的高度 naked eye 肉眼 沪教牛津版26版八年级下册Unit7单词短语、语法句型用法默写与配套练习(答案版) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 三、句型用法 结构 中文 need to do sth 需要做某事 be able to do sth 能够做某事 be ready to do sth 准备好做某事；愿意做某事 be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事；决定要做某事 cannot afford to do sth 承担不起(后果) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 miss doing sth 怀念/思念做某事 finish doing sth 做完某事 start/begin doing sth 开始做某事 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 spend some time doing sth 花费时间做某事 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事，曾经做某事 see sb/sth do sth 看见某人/某物做了某事 see sb/sth doing sth 看见某人/某物正在做某事 It takes (sb) some time to do sth 花费(某人)一段时间做某事。 It turns out + (that) 从句 结果证明…… It's possible/impossible to do sth 做某事是有可能的/不可能的。 4、 单元语法 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 一、 核心概念与构成 项目 内容详解 说明与拓展 定义​ 表示在过去某个特定时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 强调动作的“正在进行”状态，常用来描绘当时的情景或背景。 构成公式​ was / were + 动词的现在分词 (doing)​ 1. was：用于第一人称单数 (I) 和第三人称单数 (He, She, It, 单数名词)。2. were：用于第二人称 (You) 和复数 (We, They, 复数名词)。 动词变化​ 重点关注不规则动词的现在分词形式（如：go-went-going, run-ran-running）。 现在分词的构成规则需熟记（如双写尾字母、去e加ing等）。 二、 句型结构转换 句型 结构公式 例句 拓展与提示 肯定句​ 主语 + was/were + doing + 其他. I was watching​ TV at 8pm yesterday.(昨晚8点我正在看电视。) 主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。 否定句​ 主语 + was/were + not​ + doing + 其他. They weren't playing​ football.(他们没在踢足球。) 否定词 not 放在 was/were 后面。 一般疑问句​ Was/Were​ + 主语 + doing + 其他? — Was she taking a walk?(她当时正在散步吗？)— Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. 只需把 was/were 提到句首。 特殊疑问句​ 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他? What were you doing at 10 o'clock?(10点钟你在做什么？) 疑问词（what, where, who等）放在句首，语序用陈述句语序。 三、 时间标志与连词语法 (重点难点) 考点 详细说明 例句与解析 常用时间状语​ 表示过去的具体时刻或时间段。 at 7 pm yesterday(昨晚7点)at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)from 6 am to 9 pm last Sunday(上周日早6点到晚9点) when 的用法​ when​ 引导的从句中，动作可以是短暂性的，也可以是持续性的。通常用过去进行时（长动作） + when + 一般过去时（短动作）。 I was doing​ my homework when​ the phone rang.(我正在做作业，这时电话响了。)(做作业是长动作，电话响是短动作) while 的用法​ while​ 强调两个动作同时进行，且通常都是持续性动作。两个分句通常都用过去进行时。 While I was dancing, my sister was watching​ cartoons.(我在跳舞的时候，妹妹在看动画片。) when vs while​ when​ = “当……时”（可长可短）while​ = “在……期间”（强调同时，通常较长） 注意：while 引导的从句，主从句动作往往都在持续。 四、 记忆小贴士 (口诀) 过去进行很直观，was/were 放中间。 动词 ing 跟后面，表示过去正做着。 When 短来 While 长，动作同时要注意。 八年级下册 Unit7 能力提升综合练习卷 答案 一、语言知识运用（15分） （一）单词短语单选题（5分） 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B （二）单元语法单选题（10分） 6 C 7 B 8 B 9 C 10 A 11 B 12 D 13 B 14 D 15 A 二、阅读（20分） （一）阅读理解（10分） 26 B 27 B 28 B 29 B 30 C （二）首字母填空（10分） 31 display 32 hit 33 satellites 34 destroy 35 prepared 36 felt 37 turned 38 lay 39 although 40 opinion 三、项目式情境（25分） （一）信息匹配（5分） 41 A 42 E 43 D 44 B 45 C （二）回答问题（10分） 46 Yang Liwei. 47 21 hours. 48 A small national flag. 49 In Inner Mongolia. 50 Tiangong space station. （三）完成句子（10分） 51 serves delicious seafood 52 cannot afford to 53 stuck; onto; by mistake 54 turned out 55 was cooking dinner; was listening to music 四、语言知识（20分） （一）短文填空（10分） 56 select 57 fuel 58 satellite 59 supplies 60 lab 61 point 62 serve 63 destroy 64 afford 65 turns out （二）语法短文填空（10分） 66 arrived 67 was explaining 68 took 69 watched 70 were asked 71 was standing 72 called 73 could not / couldn't 74 has become / is becoming 75 exploring $沪教牛津版26版八年级下册Unit7单词短语、语法句型用法默写与配套练习 一、课本单词短语 词性及中文 默写 n. 牛肉 n. 海鲜 v. 承担得起（后果） n. 错误；失误 v. 粘；贴 v. 碰撞；撞击 n. 肌肉 n. 健身房 n. 人造卫星 v. 摧毁 adj. 平均的 adj. 很可能发生（或存在等）的 v. 挑选；选拔 n. 航天；宇宙飞行 v. 为……工作；服务 v. 传送；运载 n. 燃料 n. [pl.] 补给；补给品 n. 时刻；阶段 n. 实验室 起飞 一段时间 证明是；结果是 承担不起（后果） 错误地；无意中 日常生活；日常工作 太空垃圾 肉眼 二、重点课内及拓展短语 中文 默写 做运动；锻炼身体 进行太空行走 空间站 航天任务 太空垃圾 各种各样的 和……相同的…… 与……不同 等候，等待 好像，似乎 起飞；脱下 一开始，起初 最后 一段时间 担心 其实，实际上 许多种类的 不同种类的 也，还 证明是；结果是 把……贴/粘到……上 错误地，无意中 日常生活；日常工作 (使)放慢速度；(使)减速 回到…… 健身器材 弄错；犯错；(机器)出故障 一直 增强(信心等)；锻炼(身体等) 以便，为了 属于 在将来 在(……方面)取得进步 和……相似 梦想着做……；梦见…… 被选中去做……；被选中参与…… ……的名字命名；根据……来命名 放弃 实现；成为现实 用作 除……之外(还)；另外 为……准备…… 在……的高度；以……的高度 肉眼 沪教牛津版26版八年级下册Unit7单词短语、语法句型用法默写与配套练习 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 三、句型用法 中文 默写 需要做某事 能够做某事 准备好做某事；愿意做某事 下定决心做某事；决定要做某事 承担不起(后果) 允许某人做某事 怀念/思念做某事 做完某事 开始做某事 阻止某人做某事 花费时间做某事 让某人做某事 过去常常做某事，曾经做某事 看见某人/某物做了某事 看见某人/某物正在做某事 花费(某人)一段时间做某事。 结果证明…… 做某事是有可能的/不可能的。 4、 单元语法 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 一、 核心概念与构成 项目 内容详解 说明与拓展 定义​ 表示在过去某个特定时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 强调动作的“正在进行”状态，常用来描绘当时的情景或背景。 构成公式​ 动词变化​ 重点关注不规则动词的现在分词形式（如：go-went-going, run-ran-running）。 现在分词的构成规则需熟记（如双写尾字母、去e加ing等）。 二、 句型结构转换 句型 结构公式 例句 拓展与提示 肯定句​ I was watching​ TV at 8pm yesterday.(昨晚8点我正在看电视。) 否定句​ They weren't playing​ football.(他们没在踢足球。) 一般疑问句​ — Was she taking a walk?(她当时正在散步吗？)— Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. 特殊疑问句​ What were you doing at 10 o'clock?(10点钟你在做什么？) 三、 时间标志与连词语法 (重点难点) 考点 详细说明 例句与解析 常用时间状语​ 表示过去的具体时刻或时间段。 at 7 pm yesterday(昨晚7点)at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)from 6 am to 9 pm last Sunday(上周日早6点到晚9点) when 的用法​ I was doing​ my homework when​ the phone rang.(我正在做作业，这时电话响了。)(做作业是长动作，电话响是短动作) while 的用法​ While I was dancing, my sister was watching​ cartoons.(我在跳舞的时候，妹妹在看动画片。) when vs while​ 注意：while 引导的从句，主从句动作往往都在持续。 5、 记忆小贴士 (口诀)默写 八年级下册 Unit7 能力提升综合练习卷 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 得分：__________ 一、语言知识运用（共15分） （一）单词短语单选题（共5小题，每小题1分） 1. The Shenzhou spacecraft will ______ from the launch centre at Jiuquan next month. A. take off B. turn out C. turn on D. take up 2. We can't ______ to make any mistakes during the space mission—it's too dangerous. A. afford B. select C. serve D. deliver 3. The astronaut put the experiment data on the wall with tape so he wouldn't pick it up ______. A. by heart B. by mistake C. by hand D. by chance 4. Scientists use ______ to track weather patterns and send signals around the world. A. satellites B. seafood C. muscles D. labs 5. The old factory was ______ by the fire, but luckily no one was hurt. A. selected B. destroyed C. delivered D. afforded （二）单元语法单选题（共10小题，每小题1分） 6. — What ______ you ______ at 8:00 yesterday evening? — I was watching a programme about China's space station. A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 7. While my mother ______ dinner, I ______ my homework in the study. A. cooked; did B. was cooking; was doing C. cooked; was doing D. was cooking; did 8. Tom ______ on the sofa when the telephone ______. A. slept; was ringing B. was sleeping; rang C. was sleeping; was ringing D. slept; rang 9. The students ______ a physics experiment in the lab at this time yesterday. A. do B. did C. were doing D. are doing 10. — Were you writing a report when I called you? — ______. A. Yes, I was B. Yes, I did C. No, I were D. No, I don't 11. My brother and I ______ TV when the power ______ out last night. A. watched; went B. were watching; went C. were watching; was going D. watched; was going 12. — What were you doing at 9 a.m. last Sunday? — I ______ to my pen friend in America. A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. was writing 13. While the spaceship ______ towards the space station, the crew ______ checks on all systems. A. flew; were doing B. was flying; were doing C. flew; did D. was flying; did 14. — Did you see Lisa just now? — No. She ______ in the gym at that moment. A. practises B. is practising C. practised D. was practising 15. It ______ that the mysterious signal from deep space was actually interference from a satellite. A. turned out B. turned on C. took off D. took out 二、阅读（共20分） （一）阅读理解（共1篇，5小题，每小题2分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。文中加粗单词 【改编自 National Geographic Kids & NASA.gov】 On 15th October 2003, China launched Shenzhou V（神舟五号）, carrying its first taikonaut（中国航天员）, Yang Liwei, into orbit. The mission（任务） lasted 21 hours. During that time, Yang circled Earth 14 times and conducted simple experiments inside the capsule（太空舱）. Before liftoff, the ground team spent weeks checking every system—fuel tanks, communication devices, and life-support equipment. They could not afford（承担得起） any error. Once in orbit, Yang reported that the view of Earth was breathtaking. He even unfolded a small national flag inside the capsule to show pride in the achievement. Not everything went smoothly, however. At one point, the capsule began to vibrate abnormally（异常地） as it passed through a certain layer of the atmosphere. Yang remained calm and followed procedure. The issue was resolved（解决）, and Shenzhou V landed safely in Inner Mongolia's grasslands. Yang Liwei's flight proved that China had joined the elite group of nations capable of manned spaceflight（载人航天）. Today, with the Tiangong space station operational, Chinese taikonauts live and work in orbit for months at a time—something that began with a single 21-hour journey two decades ago. 26. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the daily life of astronauts on the ISS. B. To describe China's first manned space mission and its significance. C. To explain how satellites are launched into orbit. D. To compare Chinese and American space programmes. 27. Why did the ground team check all systems carefully before launch? A. Because the fuel was running low. B. Because they could not afford any mistake. C. Because Yang Liwei requested it. D. Because the weather was bad. 28. What problem did Shenzhou V encounter during the flight? A. It lost contact with Earth completely. B. The capsule began to vibrate abnormally in the atmosphere. C. The national flag was lost. D. It failed to land in the planned area. 29. The word "resolved" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. caused B. solved C. ignored D. repeated 30. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. China was the first country to send a human into space. B. Shenzhou V stayed in orbit for several months. C. China's space programme has developed significantly since 2003. D. Tiangong space station was built before Shenzhou V. （二）首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分） 根据短文内容和首字母提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。 【改编自 Smithsonian Magazine】 Last summer I visited a space exhibition（展览） with my cousin. When we entered the hall, a real rocket engine was on d\_\_31\_\_. It was huge! My cousin was so excited that he almost h\_\_32\_\_ it by accident—luckily a guard stopped him. We saw models of s\_\_33\_\_ that orbit Earth and deliver weather reports. There was also a section about space junk（太空垃圾）—broken parts left behind that can d\_\_34\_\_ working spacecraft. I was surprised to learn that even a tiny bolt travelling at high speed can be dangerous. At the end, we watched a film about how astronauts p\_\_35\_\_ for missions. They train in pools to f\_\_36\_\_ the feeling of weightlessness. The guide said it t\_\_37\_\_ out that many people who dream of becoming astronauts don't pass the medical tests. As we left, I looked up at the blue sky and wondered what l\_\_38\_\_ beyond our solar system. It was a day I won't forget—a\_\_39\_\_ it rained on our way home! In my o\_\_40\_\_, everyone should visit that exhibition at least once. 31. d______ 32. h______ 33. s______ 34. d______ 35. p______ 36. f______ 37. t______ 38. l______ 39. a______ 40. o______ 三、项目式情境（共25分） （一）信息匹配（共5小题，每小题1分） 材料A–F介绍六种学校科技活动，请为41–45题中的同学选择最合适的活动。（其中一项多余） A. Rocket Model Workshop Build and launch simple water rockets. Learn basic principles of thrust, gravity and aerodynamics. Hands-on and great for beginners. B. Astronaut Fitness Challenge Try exercise equipment similar to what astronauts use on the ISS. Experience how muscles weaken in microgravity and why daily workouts are essential in space. C. Space Debates Club Discuss ethical questions such as "Should humans colonise Mars?" Requires research, critical thinking and public speaking. D. Stargazing Night Use telescopes on the school roof to observe planets, moons and stars. Learn to identify constellations visible in summer and winter. E. Virtual Space Station Tour (VR) Wear VR headsets to "enter" the International Space Station, see how astronauts eat, sleep and work in zero gravity. F. Creative Science Writing Write articles or blogs explaining space discoveries to younger students. Good for those who love science and language arts. 41. Leo loves building things with his hands and wants to see a model actually fly. 42. Amy is curious about what life is really like inside a space station and wants an immersive experience. 43. Ben enjoys night sky observation and wants to learn to recognise star patterns. 44. Clara is interested in how the human body changes in space and wants to try space-style exercise. 45. David likes arguing both sides of a question and wants to explore big space-related issues. 41. ______ 42. ______ 43. ______ 44. ______ 45. ______ （二）回答问题（共5小题，每小题2分） 根据阅读理解"Shenzhou V—China's First Manned Space Mission"的内容作答，答案不超过5个词。 46. Who was China's first taikonaut? _____________________________________________________________ 47. How long did Shenzhou V stay in orbit? _____________________________________________________________ 48. What did Yang Liwei unfold inside the capsule? _____________________________________________________________ 49. Where did Shenzhou V land? _____________________________________________________________ 50. What is now operational in orbit built by China? _____________________________________________________________ （三）完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分） 根据汉语意思完成英文句子，每空一词。 51. 这家新餐厅供应美味的海鲜。 The new restaurant ______ ______ ______. 52. 我们不能承担任何后果——安全第一。 We ______ ______ ______ ______ make any mistakes—safety comes first. 53. 我爸爸把旧照片错误地贴到了新相册上。 My father ______ the old photos ______ the new album ______ ______. 54. 结果证明他所说的是真的。 It ______ ______ that what he said was true. 55. 当妈妈在做晚饭时，我在听音乐。 While Mum ______ ______ ______, I ______ ______ ______ ______. 四、语言知识（共20分） （一）短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分） 从方框中选词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 afford destroy fuel lab point satellite select serve supplies turn out 【改编自 BBC Future】 In 1957, the first artificial satellite（卫星） was sent into space. Since then, thousands of spacecraft have been launched. Before a mission, engineers must \_\_56\_\_ the right crew and calculate how much \_\_57\_\_ the rocket needs. Once in orbit, the \_\_58\_\_ receives \_\_59\_\_—food, oxygen and spare parts—from cargo ships. Life on a space station is strictly scheduled. Astronauts spend part of each day in the \_\_60\_\_ conducting experiments at a certain \_\_61\_\_ in the timeline. All equipment must \_\_62\_\_ properly; a small failure could be disastrous. A collision with space junk（太空垃圾） could \_\_63\_\_ a working satellite, creating even more debris. Such missions are expensive—nations must be able to \_\_64\_\_ the cost. Yet it often \_\_65\_\_ that the knowledge gained is priceless. Space technology benefits us in daily life too, from GPS navigation to weather forecasting. 56. ___________ 57. ___________ 58. ___________ 59. ___________ 60. ___________ 61. ___________ 62. ___________ 63. ___________ 64. ___________ 65. ___________ （二）语法短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 【改编自 NASA Students' Corner】 Last Saturday, our class visited the Space Museum. When we \_\_66\_\_ (arrive), the guide told us to be quiet. While he \_\_67\_\_ (explain) the history of China's space programme, some students \_\_68\_\_ (take) notes carefully. At 10:30 a.m., we \_\_69\_\_ (watch) a short film about how astronauts train. Two students \_\_70\_\_ (ask) to try on a spacesuit—they looked very funny! I \_\_71\_\_ (stand) beside a model rocket when someone \_\_72\_\_ (call) my name. The guide said, "In the old days, people \_\_73\_\_ (can not) imagine living in space. Now it \_\_74\_\_ (become) reality." This trip made me realise that \_\_75\_\_ (explore) the unknown is both challenging and rewarding. 66. ___________ 67. ___________ 68. ___________ 69. ___________ 70. ___________ 71. ___________ 72. ___________ 73. ___________ 74. ___________ 75. ___________ $