01 一般过去时和不定代词-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（通用版）

2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（通用版） 01 一般过去时和不定代词 语法聚焦 (1)一般过去时的陈述句、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句的用法。 (2)不定代词something, anything 等的用法。 一般过去时 1.定义:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.时间标志词： （1）yesterday, the day before yesterday等 （2）last+时间（如：last week） （3）时间段+ago（如：two months ago） （4）at / on / in+过去的时间（如：in 2021） （5）just now 一般过去时陈述句的构成： 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.如：I went to Hainan with my parents last summer vacation. 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他.如：I was in the library yesterday. 否定句：主语+助动词didn’t +动词原形+其他.如：We didn’t buy that gift at last. 主语+be动词(wasn’t/weren’t)+其他.如：I wasn’t in the library yesterday. 一般过去时一般疑问句的构成： •助动词Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 如：Did you go shopping with Linda yesterday? 回答：Yes，主语+did./No，主语+didn’t.如：Yes,I did./No,I didn’t. •Be动词 (Were/Was)+主语+其他? 如：Was the river clean 10 years ago? 回答：Yes，主语+was/were./No，主语+wasn’t/weren’t.如：Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 一般过去时特殊疑问句的构成： •疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他? 如：Where did you buy this book? •疑问词+be动词(was/were)+主语+其他? 如：How was your last trip? 当主语是第三人称单数以及第一人称单数I时，be动词用was；当主语是第二人称以及复数时，be动词用were。 动词过去式的变化规则： 变化规则 举例 一般在动词词尾加-ed work→worked, want→wanted, help→helped 以字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d live→lived, use→used, hope→hoped 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-ed study→studied, worry→worried, cry→cried 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped, drop→dropped, plan→planned 不规则变化 cut→cut, drink→drank, write→wrote, feed→fed, get→got, know→knew, bring→brought, is / am→was, are→were, go→went, has / have→had, do→did 不定代词 不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范围的人或事物，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。八年级上册主要学习以下不定代词：some、any、something、anything、someone、anyone等等。 不定代词类型： some- any- every- no- 指物 something某物 anything任何事物 everything所有事物 nothing没有什么 指人 someone某人 anyone任何人 everyone每人；人人 no one没有人 somebody某人 anybody任何人 everybody每人；人人 nobody没有人 部分分析： some意为“一些”，常用于肯定句及表示请求、邀请、征求意见的疑问句； any 意为“一些；任何”，用于否定句及疑问句；表示“任何一个”时用于肯定句； someone 意为“某人”，常用于肯定句； anyone 意为“任何人；某人”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；  anywhere 为复合不定副词，意为 “任何地方；某地”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；  somewhere 同为复合不定副词，意为 “某地”，常用于肯定句。  不定代词用法 1、形容词要置于复合不定代词的后面。如： I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。 —Did you buy anything special? —Yes,I bought something for my father. ——你买了什么特别的东西吗? ——是的，我为我爸爸买了些东西。 2、something,anything 的用法： 作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 something常用于肯定句；anything常用于否定句或疑问句中。 但在表示邀请，或希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中，常用something。 3、anywhere和somewhere这两个词前都不加介词，且形容词要置于它们的后面。 Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去什么有趣的地方了吗? After I retire,I will move somewhere quiet.退休后，我要搬到一个安静的地方。 语法专练 一、单项填空 ( )1.We ______ a sports meeting on the playground yesterday. A.have B.had C.will have ( )2.Listen! ______ is knocking at the door. A.Everyone B.Anyone C.Someone ( )3.He didn't do ______ in his home yesterday afternoon. A.anything exciting B.exciting something C.exciting anything ( )4.—I'm interested in the old thing.Please tell me ______ about it. —Sorry, I don't know ______ about it. A.something；something B.anything；nothing C.something；anything ( )5.—______ you enjoy your summer vacation, Bob？ —Yes, it was wonderful. A.Do B.Did C .Does ( )6. Alan was ill, so he _______ to school yesterday. A. doesn't go B. didn't go C. won't go ( )7. —Hi, Mary. What did you do yesterday evening? —I _______ to the movies. The new movie was very interesting. A. am going B. went C. goes ( )8. Jack feels hungry. He wants _______ to eat. A. something B. anything C. everything ( )9. Be quiet, please! I have _______ to tell you. A. important anything B. something important C. important something ( )10. —Did you and Tom play basketball after school? —_______. A. Yes, we did B. Yes, we play C. Yes, I did ( )11.______ he late for school yesterday? A.Is B.Was C.Did ( )12.He ______ English in the morning, didn't he? A.read B.reads C.is reading ( )13.Liu Mei ______ the truth of the accident last night. A.tells B.told C.is telling ( )14.—What day ______ it yesterday? —Tuesday. A.is B.was C.were ( )15.—When ______ you ______ Lucy in New York? —Two years ago. A.did; met B.did; meet C.does; meet (　 　)16.1.I met Mr.Miller for the first time yesterday.He ________to be a nice person.  A. seemed　 B.was seeming　 C.seeming　 (　 　)17.I ________nothing was more important than health,so I gave up smoking.  A. thinks　 B.thought　 C.is thinking (　 　)18.I ________money for a taxi,so I walked to the hotel.  A.don’t have some　 B.didn’t have some　 C.didn’t have any (　 　)19.She often ________to music when she was a little girl.  A. listens　 B.was listening　 C.listened (　 　)20.—How was your day off? —Pretty good! I ________the Science Museum with my classmates.  A. visited　 B.visit　 C.will visit (　 　)21. —Sally, I have _______ exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon. —Great! A. anything   B. something C. everything (　 　)22. —I want to buy _______ for my grandpa to make him happy. —That's a good idea. A. something special        B. special something    C. anything special      (　 　)23. —Who is at the door? —A deliveryman (快递员) or _______ wanting to sell his new products (产品). A. everybody             B. anybody      C. somebody          (　 　)24. Children, follow your heart and never let _______ steal (偷) your dreams. A. someone B. anyone     C. everyone   ( )25. You mustn't eat ________before you see the doctor. A. nothing B. everything C. anything 二、单词填空。 1.—What　 　 you do last night?　—I did my homework.  —Where 　 　you last night?　—I 　 　at home.  2.—Did you go to Beijing last week?　—No, I 　 　.  3.—　 　your father a teacher 20 years ago? —Yes, he was.  4.—Where　 　 she 　 　 (go) last month? —She 　 　 (go) to Shanghai.  5.　 　(be) they good at English when they were students?  6.My mother 　 　(buy) a new schoolbag for me yesterday.  7.When 　 　you 　 　(start) to learn English?  8.My aunt 　 　(take) us to dinner at a restaurant yesterday evening, but the food________ 　 　(is) not good at all.  9.When I 　 　(am) in America last year, I 　 (make) a lot of new friends.  10.They 　 　(have) a great sale last weekend.  11.Does 　 (anyone/someone) want a drink?  12.I wish to be friends with 　 (anyone/someone) kind and helpful.  13.Would you like 　 (anything/something) to drink?  14.My parents don’t want me to go 　 (anywhere/somewhere) far.  15.Those animals found 　 (anywhere/somewhere) warm to live.  16.She watches TV every evening. But she________（not watch）TV last night. 17.He________（tell）me the whole story exactly as it happened. 18.We often________（play）games last year. 19.I went to two beautiful ______ (beach) with my friends last month. 20.Peter ______ (stay) at home yesterday evening. 21.Would you like to go ______ (camp) with us? 22.He________（not watch）TV yesterday evening. 23.I________（call）you an hour ago, but you________（be） not at home. 24.—________ she________（practice） her guitar yesterday? —No, she________. 25.—What________ you________（do）last weekend? —I________（study）math. 三、选词填空(共1题,共8分) something, anything, nothing, everything, everyone, anyone, someone, nobody 1.The box is empty（空的）. There’s _____________ in it. 2.He asked me not to tell _____________ about his life in Canada. 3.I’m very hungry（饥饿的）.Could you give me _____________ to eat? 4.We all liked the trip. _____________ had a good time there. 5.The old woman can’t see or hear _____________ at all. 6.The young man is interested in _____________ on the farm. 7.How do you feel when _____________ notices and praises you for something? 8. _____________ taught my sister how to draw. She taught herself. 四、句型转换 1. Twenty foreign students visited our school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) _______ twenty foreign students _______ our school yesterday?  2. Sara was late for school because of the heavy rain.  (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ Sara late for school?   3. Steve with me read Yu Gong Moves a Mountain in the library last month. (变为否定句) Steve with me _______ _______ Yu Gong Moves a Mountain in the library last month. 4. We saw Rose in town a few days ago.   (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ you _______ Rose in town? 5.Jim visited the new museum last weekend. (改为一般疑问句)      ______ Jim ______ the new museum last weekend? 6.The students saw lots of flowers on their school trip. (对画线部分提问)      ______ ______ the students ______ on their school trip? 7.Liu Jun went to Dalian last weekend. (对画线部分提问)      ______ ______ Liu Jun ______ last weekend? 8.How did Helen like the vacation? (改为同义句)      ______ did Helen ______ ______ the vacation? 五、小语篇特训 语法选择 How was your last weekend? Last Sunday,my family and I 　1　 a trip to Shanghai.It was sunny.First,we visited the Shanghai Art Museum because I am 　2　 in drawing. It was really big and I saw many paintings there.I also learned about some stories behind the paintings from the guide.How exciting! We stayed there 　3　 three hours.After that,we ate 　4　 special like soup dumplings for lunch.In the afternoon,we went to Shanghai Disneyland.We took many photos there.What 　5　 great day! All of us had a good time.  (　 　)1.A.has 　 B.have 　 C.had　 (　 　)2.A.interesting　 B.interested　 C.interest　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 (　 　)3.A.in　 B.on 　 C.for　 (　 　)4.A.anything　 B.nothing　 C.something (　 　)5.A.a　 B.an C.the　 参考答案： 一、1-5 BCACB 6-10 BBABA 11-15 BABBB 16-20 ABCCA 21-25 BACBC 二、 1. did were, was 2. didn't 3. Was 4 did go went 5. Were 6. bought 7. did learn 8 took was 9. was made 10 had 11. anyone 12. someone 13 something 14 anywhere 15 somewhere 16. didn't watch 17. told 18. played 19.beaches 20 stayed 21 camping 22.didn't watch 23 called were 24 Did practice 25 did do studied 三1. nothing 2 . anything 3. something 4. Everyone 5. anything 6. everything 7.someone 8.Nobody 四、1.Did visit 2 Why was 3 didn’t read 4 When did see 5 Did visit 6 What did saw 7.What did you do 8.What think of 五、1-5 CBCCA 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$