Unit 7 Space exploration（重难词汇精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

Unit 7 Space exploration 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 牛肉 adj. 平均的 n. 海鲜 adj. 很可能发生的 v. 承担得起（后果） v. 挑选；选拔 n. 错误；失误 n. 航天；宇宙飞行 v. 粘；贴 v. 为......服务；服务 v. 碰撞；撞击 v. 传送；运载 *n. 肌肉 *n. 燃料 n. 健身房 n. [pl.] 供应量；供给量 *n. 卫星 n. 时刻；阶段 v. 破坏 n. 实验室 短语 起飞 错误地；无意中 一段时间 日常生活；日常工作 证明是；结果是 太空垃圾 承担不起（后果） 肉眼 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. afford——__________（adj.）负担得起的 2. destroy——__________（n.）破坏，毁灭 3. probable——__________（adv.）大概，很可能 4. select——__________（n.）选择，挑选 5. serve——_________（n.）服务 6. deliver——__________（n.）传送，交付 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1. The scientists will ______ the best people for the new space project. A. select B. fuel C. lab D. point 2. Yang Liwei’s ______ made him the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. A. gym B. spaceflight C. seafood D. muscle 3. The brave doctor decided to ______ the people in the poor village for the rest of his life. A. stick B. serve C. mistake D. destroy 4. The spaceship will ______ food and water supplies to the astronauts on the space station. A. deliver B. hit C. average D. probable 5. The rocket needs a lot of ______ to fly into space. A. satellite B. beef C. fuel D. afford 6. The astronauts took all the necessary ______ with them, like food and medicine. A. supplies B. stick C. hit D. gym 7. At one ______ of the game, our team was losing, but we finally won. A. mistake B. point C. seafood D. satellite 8. The students are doing science experiments in the school ______. A. lab B. muscle C. beef D. average 9. We usually eat ______ and vegetables for dinner because they are healthy. A. mistake B. beef C. probable D. satellite 10. The restaurant is famous for its fresh ______ from the sea. A. seafood B. destroy C. fuel D. serve 四、根据汉语提示填空 1. The astronauts took food, water and other necessary __________ (补给；补给品) with them to the space station. 2. It’s okay to make a __________ (错误；失误) when learning something new, as long as you learn from it. 3. The __________ (平均的) age of the students in our class is 14 years old. 4. The fire will __________ (摧毁) the old building if we don’t put it out quickly. 5. We can’t __________ (承担得起（后果）) to miss the important meeting tomorrow. 6. The students are doing a science experiment in the school __________ (实验室). 7. My mom is cooking __________ (牛肉) and potatoes for dinner tonight. 8. It is __________ (很可能发生（或存在等）的) that it will rain later, so take an umbrella with you. 9. The postman will __________ (传送；运载) the package to your house this afternoon. 10. Yang Liwei’s historic __________ (航天；宇宙飞行) made him a national hero in China. 五、根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。 deliver, gym, beef, select, spaceflight, serve, average, supplies Daily Life & Space Dream Every student has a dream. Some kids hope to take a safe 1 in the future. To make the dream come true, we need to work hard and keep healthy. First, we should exercise in the school 2 every week. The 3 time for our daily exercise is about one hour. It can make our bodies strong. Our school also provides water and other daily 4 for students. At school, we must follow rules and 5 our class with responsibility. Teachers will 6 hard-working and healthy students to join interesting science activities. These activities help us learn more about space. Great dreams need small efforts. If we keep trying, our space dreams will not be far away. 词汇语境练-语篇 六、语法填空 A Brief History of Time is a famous book 1 (write) by the British scientist Stephen Hawking. It explains difficult ideas about space and time in simple language. This book is popular 2 both scientists and common readers all over the world. The book starts with the question of the origin (起源) of the universe. It introduces the Big Bang theory (理论). Many scientists believe that the universe 3 (begin) with a huge explosion about 13.8 billion years ago. After the explosion, matter and energy spread out 4 (slow). Gradually, stars and galaxies (星系) formed. Our solar system, 5 (include) the Earth, appeared much later. Hawking also talks about important concepts like black holes. A black hole is a place in space with very strong gravity (重力). Even light cannot escape from it. The book explains 6 black holes form and what happens inside them. However, there are still many unknown 7 (mystery) about black holes. A large number of the world’s top scientists 8 (study) them for many years, but they haven’t found all the answers yet. In the end, the book tells us that the universe is expanding (膨胀). It may keep expanding forever, 9 it may stop and shrink (收缩). Reading the book helps us understand the world 10 (well). It encourages young people to love science and explore the unknown universe. 七、完形填空 Chinese people were very excited when Shenzhou-20 spaceship was sent into space on April 24, 2025. But we must also be 1 of the first Chinese to try to fly into the sky, whose name is Wan Hu. One day, he tied a chair with 47 “rockets” and sat on it. Then he 2 a big kite in his hands. He planned to use the 3 of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to land on the earth. 4 , he died when they exploded (爆炸). Hundreds of years later, in 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped down from Apollo-11 and walked on the Moon. Mankind (人类) 5 a great dream. To remember Wan, a crater (环形山) on the far side of the Moon is named after him. There are many people like Wan in the world. They never stop their dreams. That’s 6 we can always change the world for the better. Yuan Longping 7 the hybrid rice (杂交水稻) to make his dream come true. Henry Ford had a dream of cars covering the 8 instead of horses and carts (马车). Dreams are important because they give us 9 for our lives. With dreams we set goals and make plans to change our 10 situation for the better. 1．A．scared B．proud C．polite D．full 2．A．sold B．printed C．pointed D．held 3．A．push B．pull C．post D．part 4．A．Generally B．Suddenly C．Unluckily D．Nearly 5．A．reduced B．reminded C．realized D．repeated 6．A．why B．how C．what D．who 7．A．supported B．burned C．organized D．invented 8．A．streets B．roads C．oceans D．railways 9．A．money B．direction C．journey D．keyboard 10．A．ancient B．cloudy C．classic D．present $Unit 7 Space exploration 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 beef n. 牛肉 average adj. 平均的 seafood n. 海鲜 probable adj. 很可能发生的 afford v. 承担得起（后果） select v. 挑选；选拔 mistake n. 错误；失误 spaceflight n. 航天；宇宙飞行 stick v. 粘；贴 serve v. 为......服务；服务 hit v. 碰撞；撞击 deliver v. 传送；运载 *muscle *n. 肌肉 *fuel *n. 燃料 gym n. 健身房 supply n. [pl.] 供应量；供给量 *satellite *n. 卫星 point n. 时刻；阶段 destroy v. 破坏 lab n. 实验室 短语 take off 起飞 by mistake 错误地；无意中 for a while 一段时间 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 turn out 证明是；结果是 space junk 太空垃圾 cannot afford to 承担不起（后果） naked eye 肉眼 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. afford——__________（adj.）负担得起的 2. destroy——__________（n.）破坏，毁灭 3. probable——__________（adv.）大概，很可能 4. select——__________（n.）选择，挑选 5. serve——_________（n.）服务 6. deliver——__________（n.）传送，交付 【答案】1. affordable 2. destruction 3. probably 4. selection 5. service 6. delivery 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1. The scientists will ______ the best people for the new space project. A. select B. fuel C. lab D. point 2. Yang Liwei’s ______ made him the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. A. gym B. spaceflight C. seafood D. muscle 3. The brave doctor decided to ______ the people in the poor village for the rest of his life. A. stick B. serve C. mistake D. destroy 4. The spaceship will ______ food and water supplies to the astronauts on the space station. A. deliver B. hit C. average D. probable 5. The rocket needs a lot of ______ to fly into space. A. satellite B. beef C. fuel D. afford 6. The astronauts took all the necessary ______ with them, like food and medicine. A. supplies B. stick C. hit D. gym 7. At one ______ of the game, our team was losing, but we finally won. A. mistake B. point C. seafood D. satellite 8. The students are doing science experiments in the school ______. A. lab B. muscle C. beef D. average 9. We usually eat ______ and vegetables for dinner because they are healthy. A. mistake B. beef C. probable D. satellite 10. The restaurant is famous for its fresh ______ from the sea. A. seafood B. destroy C. fuel D. serve 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A 四、根据汉语提示填空 1. The astronauts took food, water and other necessary __________ (补给；补给品) with them to the space station. 2. It’s okay to make a __________ (错误；失误) when learning something new, as long as you learn from it. 3. The __________ (平均的) age of the students in our class is 14 years old. 4. The fire will __________ (摧毁) the old building if we don’t put it out quickly. 5. We can’t __________ (承担得起（后果）) to miss the important meeting tomorrow. 6. The students are doing a science experiment in the school __________ (实验室). 7. My mom is cooking __________ (牛肉) and potatoes for dinner tonight. 8. It is __________ (很可能发生（或存在等）的) that it will rain later, so take an umbrella with you. 9. The postman will __________ (传送；运载) the package to your house this afternoon. 10. Yang Liwei’s historic __________ (航天；宇宙飞行) made him a national hero in China. 【答案】1. supplies 2. mistake 3. average 4. destroy 5. afford 6. lab 7. beef 8. probable 9. deliver 10. spaceflight 五、根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。 deliver, gym, beef, select, spaceflight, serve, average, supplies Daily Life & Space Dream Every student has a dream. Some kids hope to take a safe 1 in the future. To make the dream come true, we need to work hard and keep healthy. First, we should exercise in the school 2 every week. The 3 time for our daily exercise is about one hour. It can make our bodies strong. Our school also provides water and other daily 4 for students. At school, we must follow rules and 5 our class with responsibility. Teachers will 6 hard-working and healthy students to join interesting science activities. These activities help us learn more about space. Great dreams need small efforts. If we keep trying, our space dreams will not be far away. 【答案】1. spaceflight 2. gym 3. average 4. supplies 5. serve 6. select 词汇语境练-语篇 六、语法填空 A Brief History of Time is a famous book 1 (write) by the British scientist Stephen Hawking. It explains difficult ideas about space and time in simple language. This book is popular 2 both scientists and common readers all over the world. The book starts with the question of the origin (起源) of the universe. It introduces the Big Bang theory (理论). Many scientists believe that the universe 3 (begin) with a huge explosion about 13.8 billion years ago. After the explosion, matter and energy spread out 4 (slow). Gradually, stars and galaxies (星系) formed. Our solar system, 5 (include) the Earth, appeared much later. Hawking also talks about important concepts like black holes. A black hole is a place in space with very strong gravity (重力). Even light cannot escape from it. The book explains 6 black holes form and what happens inside them. However, there are still many unknown 7 (mystery) about black holes. A large number of the world’s top scientists 8 (study) them for many years, but they haven’t found all the answers yet. In the end, the book tells us that the universe is expanding (膨胀). It may keep expanding forever, 9 it may stop and shrink (收缩). Reading the book helps us understand the world 10 (well). It encourages young people to love science and explore the unknown universe. 【答案】1．written 2．with 3．began 4．slowly 5．including 6．how 7．mysteries 8．have studied 9．or 10．better 【导语】本文介绍了英国科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的著作《时间简史》，讲述了书中关于宇宙起源、黑洞等内容，以及该书对读者的影响。 1．句意：《时间简史》是英国科学家斯蒂芬·霍金写的一本著名的书。句中“book”与“write”之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语修饰“book”，write的过去分词为written。 2．句意：这本书受到全世界科学家和普通读者的欢迎。“be popular with”表示“受……欢迎”，这里用with符合这本书受欢迎的语境。 3．句意：许多科学家认为宇宙始于约138亿年前的一次大爆炸。句中“about 13.8 billion years ago”表示过去的时间，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，begin的过去式为began。 4．句意：爆炸之后，物质和能量缓慢地扩散开来。此处修饰动词短语“spread out”需用副词，形容词slow需变为副词形式slowly。 5．句意：我们的太阳系，包括地球，出现得晚得多。此处“including the Earth”是现在分词短语作后置定语，补充说明太阳系的组成。 6．句意：这本书解释了黑洞是如何形成的，以及它们内部发生了什么。根据语境，此处表达“黑洞如何形成”，用连接词how引导宾语从句。 7．句意：然而，关于黑洞仍然有许多未知的谜团。many后接可数名词复数，名词mystery需变为复数形式mysteries。 8．句意：世界上许多顶尖科学家已经研究它们很多年了，但他们还没有找到所有的答案。句中“for many years”和“haven’t found all the answers yet”提示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语“A large number of the world’s top scientists”为复数，have studied符合语境。 9．句意：它可能会永远膨胀下去，也可能会停止并收缩。前后分句表示两种并列的可能性，用连词or连接。 10．句意：读这本书帮助我们更好地理解这个世界。根据语境，此处暗含“读了书比没读之前更能理解”的比较意味，需用副词well的比较级better。 七、完形填空 Chinese people were very excited when Shenzhou-20 spaceship was sent into space on April 24, 2025. But we must also be 1 of the first Chinese to try to fly into the sky, whose name is Wan Hu. One day, he tied a chair with 47 “rockets” and sat on it. Then he 2 a big kite in his hands. He planned to use the 3 of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to land on the earth. 4 , he died when they exploded (爆炸). Hundreds of years later, in 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped down from Apollo-11 and walked on the Moon. Mankind (人类) 5 a great dream. To remember Wan, a crater (环形山) on the far side of the Moon is named after him. There are many people like Wan in the world. They never stop their dreams. That’s 6 we can always change the world for the better. Yuan Longping 7 the hybrid rice (杂交水稻) to make his dream come true. Henry Ford had a dream of cars covering the 8 instead of horses and carts (马车). Dreams are important because they give us 9 for our lives. With dreams we set goals and make plans to change our 10 situation for the better. 1．A．scared B．proud C．polite D．full 2．A．sold B．printed C．pointed D．held 3．A．push B．pull C．post D．part 4．A．Generally B．Suddenly C．Unluckily D．Nearly 5．A．reduced B．reminded C．realized D．repeated 6．A．why B．how C．what D．who 7．A．supported B．burned C．organized D．invented 8．A．streets B．roads C．oceans D．railways 9．A．money B．direction C．journey D．keyboard 10．A．ancient B．cloudy C．classic D．present 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文以神舟二十号成功发射引出中国飞天先驱万户的追梦故事，结合袁隆平、福特的事例，讲述梦想永不落幕，指引我们心怀目标、奔赴更好未来的道理。 1．句意：神舟二十号升空国人振奋，我们也应当为首位飞天尝试者万户感到自豪。 结合语境，be proud of是固定搭配，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合文章家国情怀主旨。 2．句意：他把椅子绑在火箭上坐好，手里拿着一只大风筝。 hold a kite意为“手持风筝”，贴合动作逻辑，sell售卖、print印刷、point指向均不符合语境。 3．句意：他计划借助火箭的推力飞向天空，再用风筝平安落地。 push意为“推力”，符合火箭升空的物理原理，pull拉力、post邮寄、part部分均不符合句意。 4．句意：不幸的是，火箭爆炸，他牺牲了。 后文是悲剧结局，Unluckily不幸地，契合上下文转折逻辑。Generally通常、Suddenly突然、Nearly几乎均不贴合语境。 5．句意：数百年后阿姆斯特朗登月，人类实现了这一伟大梦想。 realize a dream是固定搭配，意为“实现梦想”，reduce减少、remind提醒、repeat重复均不符合文意。 6．句意：这就是我们总能让世界变得更美好的原因。 That’s why...固定句式，用来解释事情发生的原因，贴合上下文因果逻辑。 7．句意：袁隆平培育杂交水稻，实现了自己的梦想。 invent研发、发明，贴合袁隆平培育杂交水稻的事迹。support支持、burn燃烧、organize组织均不符合人物史实。 8．句意：亨利·福特梦想汽车遍布道路，取代马车出行。 road道路，贴合车辆通行的场景，streets街道范围过小、oceans海洋、railways铁路均不符合常识。 9．句意：梦想十分珍贵，因为它为我们的人生指引方向。 direction方向，贴合梦想指引人生前行的内涵，money金钱、journey旅程、keyboard键盘均不符合句意。 10．句意：心怀梦想，我们就能制定目标规划，改善当下的处境。 present situation意为“当下现状”，ancient古老的、cloudy昏暗的、classic经典的均不贴合语境。 $