专题08 阅读表达（北京专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题08 阅读表达 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京门头沟·一模） When I was in high school, I dreamed of joining the school’s debate team. I admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and I hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public. However, I was a shy girl who dared not even answer questions in class, let alone argue with others in a formal debate. I summoned up my courage to try out for the debate team. Unfortunately, I froze on stage, forgot my prepared speech, and ran off in embarrassment. My classmates tried to comfort me, but I felt so defeated that I decided to give up my dream. I thought persistence (坚持) was meaningless when I lacked the natural talent. My teacher noticed my low spirits and shared her own story with me. She told me she had failed three times before passing her teacher qualification exam, but she never stopped practicing her teaching skills. Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure. I started to practice every day. I read debate articles to learn logical expressions, recorded myself speaking to correct my tone, and asked my teacher and classmates for feedback. At first, I still made mistakes and felt frustrated, but I refused to quit this time. The next year, I attended the audition again. This time, I stayed calm, expressed my views clearly, and responded to the judges’ questions smoothly. I was finally admitted to the debate team. Later, we even won the second prize in the city’s high school debate competition. Looking back, I realized that persistence is not blind perseverance. It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help. Only by combining persistence with practical efforts can we turn our dreams into reality. 1．Why did the author want to join the debate team? 2．What effect did the teacher’s words have on the author? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. True persistence means having courage to face failures, taking action to improve and refusing others’ help. 4．Please share one of your own experiences about the application of persistence in your daily life. (In about 40 words)   Passage 2 （2026·北京顺义·一模） When most of us turn our minds to self-improvement, we assume that we need to put pleasure on pause until we’ve reached our goal. Yet the latest research suggests that this may be the worst way to approach our personal goals. Put simply, we are far more likely to succeed if the process offers immediate satisfaction as well as rewards in the future. These insights arise from self-determination theory, which sets out a range of motivation. On one side you have intrinsic (内在的) drives, which are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure. On the other, there are extrinsic (外在的) drives — things that you know you should do, often because of a longer-term benefit. For a study published in 2025, Kaitlin Woolley and colleagues surveyed 2,000 people about their goals for the year ahead. The researchers then kept track of the participants’ progress over the following 12 months. At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of them staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect. Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds, of course. You may initially choose to get fit because your doctor has told you to, but you can then look for the most enjoyable ways to do it. You just need to think a bit more creatively about how to build in the exercise. If you’re struggling to find a way of making your new habit fun, you might choose to combine it with another activity that provides more immediate satisfaction. You can apply the same principle to anything you want to do. Armed with this strategy, you’ll be well on your way to reaching your goal this year. 1．What are intrinsic drives? 2．What is the result of the study in the passage? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict, so you need to think creatively about how to make use of them. 4．Do you rely more on intrinsic or extrinsic drives to reach your goal? Give an example. (In about 40 words) Passage 3 （2026·北京海淀·一模） I have always been better at expressing myself through writing than verbally or through any other medium, and I’ve been communicating through the written words since I was a child. This practice became profoundly meaningful to me after my stepfather Vince passed away. Vince died in 2018, right before New Year’s Eve. I had wanted to write him a letter for years, long before his shocking diagnosis, but I kept delaying it. I always thought there would be more time. Sadly, I never finished that letter. It is a regret I will carry with me always. Yet, this personal failure led me to think of the other important people in my life — those I could still reach, those with whom I still had time. There were things I needed to say to them, words that mattered. In 2019, I made a list of everyone I wanted to write to, and I started sending a few letters here and there. Gratitude, regrets, apologies — all of these were found in my pages. Each envelope marked another crossing off of a name on my bucket list of recipients. In 2020, I appraised my progress and began thinking about how I might encourage other people to write letters too. I operated a website that encourages people to write letters to others — three letters, to be exact. There are no rules or restrictions regarding the contents of participants’ letters or the format they take. The letters can be typed or handwritten, in any length and language, on any style of paper, etc. My only advice is that the letters should be sent within one year. I am hesitant to impose any directives at all, but I believe a deadline can be helpful as it will remind people we don’t always have all the time we think we do. My goal is to work on a letter to someone at least once a month. We have only a limited amount of time on this planet. There are important things that we need to say. 1．What did the author find important after losing her stepfather? 2．Why did the author set up the website? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible. 4．If you are to write a letter to someone, who will you write to? What will you write about? (In about 40 words) 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·北京东城·一模） “My name is …” The words stick in my throat, refusing to come out. The silence stretches on as I shake a stranger’s hand. Trying to relax my jaw, I breathe in and manage to release my name, “Pppeeeettterr.” I’ve stuttered since around age 7, with no obvious cause. As a little boy, my go-to strategy was to avoid speaking or replace words with synonyms (同义词) when I felt a block coming. Then I fell in love with science — my hunger for knowledge made me unwilling to stay silent. So I learned speech treatment and finally regained the courage to express myself. I thought I had my stutter under control. Later, after many job interviews, I became an assistant professor. However, the decline was gradual, and I didn’t notice it until one day, a few months ago, I was teaching my thermodynamics class and found myself unable to say “equilibrium”. Later that day, I struggled to tell a colleague the name of my newborn daughter. Both the students and my colleague seemed to ignore my difficulty. Still, I came to a realization: I will probably never be free of my stutter, and my self-image as a capable scientist may take a hit. The thought was both depressing and exhausting. Then I began to wonder: can I gain any good from this burden? If radiation can be used to cure cancer, why can’t my stutter make me better, too? I have decided to accept my limitations and welcome the new perspectives they provide. When my voice sticks and refuses to cooperate, I can’t force it. I simply let my stutter go. And I can’t control how others perceive me. But with proper effort, I’m sure that I can participate in any conversation. 1．What did the author do to avoid stuttering when he was a little boy? 2．How did the author feel the moment he realized his stutter had returned? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ The author has decided to master better speech techniques and finally lets go of his stutter. 4．What do you think of the way the author deals with his limitations? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （2026·北京丰台·一模） Over breakfast, I chatted with Mia, my Spanish study buddy. I reviewed my recent lesson and shared what I’d learned from a podcast. By the end of our 10-minute talk, I felt I had gained more than from another textbook exercise. Mia, however, is not a real person. She is an AI I created to make use of the “protege effect.” It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The principle of “learning by teaching” was first introduced in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher, who allowed students to research and present parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation and self-confidence, and it soon spread to many other schools. In one study, a US scientist, Caroline Chase tested its effectiveness. Her team asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to learn about the biological changes during a fever. Over two lessons, students read a text and created a flowchart. Half did it as self-study; the others were told their work would help teach a virtual character on the screen. It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. Chase’s team named this the “protege effect”, and it has since been confirmed by later studies. Knowing that others will learn from us creates a sense of responsibility to provide accurate information. This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on. Explaining our knowledge then helps to strengthen what we have learned. So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one. 1．What is the “protege effect”? 2．Why did students in the role of teacher score better in Chase’s study? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. 4．How can you put the “protege effect” into practice? (In about 40 words) 主题01 人与社会——旅行 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） Sustainable travel is about travelling in a way that’s sensitive to the climate and nature emergencies while ensuring that the wellbeing of the places we visit gain long-term benefit from our travelling there. Being a sustainable traveller is not about making grand, one-off gestures. It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday. To begin with, consider packing less: travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient. It also makes it much easier to travel around. A useful device for packing economically is to consider the three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. Transport accounts for at least 70% of a holiday’s carbon emissions. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the carbon emissions of travelling is to reduce the travel distance and choose transportation that burns less, or ideally no fossil fuel. There’s a steep difference in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by aeroplanes compared with most land-based vehicles. There are concerted efforts to decarbonise air travel using alternative fuels and methods of propulsion, such as via electricity and hydrogen. There are other factors that will affect your carbon emissions when you’re at the destination, including your choice of hotel and the food you eat. For example, the average carbon footprint of a night in a typical hotel in the UK is about 31.1kg CO2, according to the Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative, so choosing a hotel that has lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. In fact, many eco-certified accommodations do much more than reducing their carbon emissions. They also reduce the amount of waste they send to landfill and cut down on the use of chemicals and water. When it comes to food, feasting on local, seasonal food not only conveys a sense of place better than any travel brochure, but is also much better for the environment. 1．According to the passage, what is being a sustainable traveller about? 2．Why is packing less considered more eco-friendly? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. 4．In addition to sustainable travel, how can you live a sustainable life? (In about 40 words) 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·一模） The prize may belong to the fastest, but sometimes the person who lifts the trophy (奖杯) is not the only winner. That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera. Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself. He once told his teammates, “When you are standing at a crossroad, you can choose the path of self-interest, or you can go the extra mile for someone in need.” The race went smoothly at first. The runners moved like a colourful river through the trees. With less than one kilometre to go, however, Marcus stepped on a loose stone, lost his balance and fell, badly hurting his knee. “I heard a sharp sound and felt something go wrong,” Daniel later recalled. Marcus tried to stand up and waved for Daniel to pass him and keep going. For most athletes, crossing the line first is the main goal. But in that moment, winning suddenly seemed less important to Daniel. As he reached Marcus, he saw the pain on his face and heard his short, shaking breaths. Instead of running ahead, Daniel stopped and put Marcus’s arm over his shoulder. Slowly step by step, they moved towards the finish line together. “Helping him finish meant more than any medal,” Daniel said later. “That day, we both won in a different way.” 1．What event did Marcus and Daniel take part in? 2．Why had Marcus trained so hard for months? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. 4．What do you think of Daniel’s choice in the race? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （2026·北京延庆·一模） I used to secretly wish for a smooth, resisted life — no uphill climbs, just ease. “Why can’t things just flow?” I’d mutter to myself after a long day. But somewhere along the way, I noticed something uncomfortable: the times I tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder. Take my early years in medicine. I hated anatomy class — it was dense, overwhelming, and I wanted to skim through. I told myself, “I’ll just figure it out later.” But my shortcut backfired — later exams turned into nightmares. It took me years to realize: doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later. And I see it everywhere in daily life. That 30-minute workout you resist saves you from years of aching joints. The deep work you keep postpone levers you rushing at the last minute, stressed out. Life’s kind of a backwards puzzle like that. I still struggle with this. Writing, for example. There are mornings I stare at a blank page and bargain with myself. “Maybe I’ll just write tomorrow when I’m more inspired.” But inspiration doesn’t magically arrive, it sneaks in after the hard part — after I’ve typed through the clumsy, messy beginnings. And when I finally lean into the discomfort, the writing flows. That’s the quiet magic of it: the hard thing isn’t just a wall — it’s also the doorway. At its core, doing hard things is not about toughness — it’s about kindness to your future self. Next time I find myself resisting, I’ll remind myself: this hard thing isn’t here to punish me. It’s here to liberate me. And maybe, just maybe, that’s the closest way we get to an “easy” life. 1．What uncomfortable thing did the author notice? 2．Why did the author say “Life’s kind of a backwards puzzle like that”? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing the hard thing, which is about toughness, is the doorway. 4．Have you ever done something hard that saved yourself from difficulty later? (In about 40 words) 主题03 人与社会——科技 Passage 1 （2026·北京朝阳·一模） Every Mother’s Day, I am reminded how important food is in my relationship with Mom. Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. Long before we speak, we are fed. Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. Today, as the world rushes toward automation and optimization (最优化), I increasingly find myself looking to food for moments of calm. At the same time, I worry what will happen to the human heart of food when machines prepare, deliver, and even plan our meals for us. Let’s be clear: Technology can help us in many ways. It can make cooking safer, more accessible, and less wasteful. But we must draw a line between assistance and replacement. Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. We don’t need smarter kitchens. We need longer tables, spaces where people of different backgrounds, generations, and experiences can gather and break bread together. The future will always offer faster, more efficient ways of eating. But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. 1．Why is food important in the author’s relationship with Mom? 2．What will happen once food is reduced to pure functional value? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. 4．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what role(s) does food play in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words) 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京门头沟·一模） When I was in high school, I dreamed of joining the school’s debate team. I admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and I hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public. However, I was a shy girl who dared not even answer questions in class, let alone argue with others in a formal debate. I summoned up my courage to try out for the debate team. Unfortunately, I froze on stage, forgot my prepared speech, and ran off in embarrassment. My classmates tried to comfort me, but I felt so defeated that I decided to give up my dream. I thought persistence (坚持) was meaningless when I lacked the natural talent. My teacher noticed my low spirits and shared her own story with me. She told me she had failed three times before passing her teacher qualification exam, but she never stopped practicing her teaching skills. Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure. I started to practice every day. I read debate articles to learn logical expressions, recorded myself speaking to correct my tone, and asked my teacher and classmates for feedback. At first, I still made mistakes and felt frustrated, but I refused to quit this time. The next year, I attended the audition again. This time, I stayed calm, expressed my views clearly, and responded to the judges’ questions smoothly. I was finally admitted to the debate team. Later, we even won the second prize in the city’s high school debate competition. Looking back, I realized that persistence is not blind perseverance. It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help. Only by combining persistence with practical efforts can we turn our dreams into reality. 1．Why did the author want to join the debate team? 2．What effect did the teacher’s words have on the author? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. True persistence means having courage to face failures, taking action to improve and refusing others’ help. 4．Please share one of your own experiences about the application of persistence in your daily life. (In about 40 words)   【答案】1．Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and she hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public./Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently./Because the author hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public. 2．Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure./Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence. 3．True persistence means having courage to face failures, taking action to improve and refusing others’ help. According to the passage, persistence is not blind perseverance. It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help. 4．One possible answer: When I was learning to ride a bike, I kept falling off at first. But I didn't give up. I persisted in practicing every day, and finally I could ride it smoothly. Persistence really paid off. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从想加入辩论队，到失败后想放弃，再到受老师鼓舞后重新努力，最终成功加入辩论队并获奖的经历，强调了坚持的意义。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“I admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and I hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public.(我钦佩辩论者如何逻辑清晰、自信地表达自己的观点，我希望成为一个能在公共场合勇敢发言的人。)”可知，作者想加入辩论队是因为钦佩辩论者如何逻辑清晰、自信地表达自己的观点，并且希望成为一个能在公共场合勇敢发言的人。故答案是：Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and she hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public./Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently./Because the author hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure.(她的话启发我重新思考坚持的意义——不是从不失败，而是在失败后重新站起来。)”可知，老师的话对作者的影响是启发作者重新思考坚持的意义，即不是从不失败，而是在失败后重新站起来。故答案是：Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure./Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help.(面对失败需要勇气，寻求改进需要热忱，接纳帮助需要智慧。)”可知，坚持需要勇气面对失败，改进的意愿，以及接受帮助的智慧。由此可知，陈述中的“refusing others’ help”是错误的，应该改为“accepting others’ help”，即“接受他人的帮助”。故答案是：True persistence means having courage to face failures, taking action to improve and refusing others’ help. According to the passage, persistence is not blind perseverance. It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help. 4．考查开放性试题。此小题为开放题，无固定答案，只要符合题意即可。以下是一个可能的答案：当我学骑自行车的时候，一开始我总是摔倒。但我没有放弃。我坚持每天练习，最后我能骑得很顺畅了。坚持真的得到了回报。故答案是：One possible answer: When I was learning to ride a bike, I kept falling off at first. But I didn’t give up. I persisted in practicing every day, and finally I could ride it smoothly. Persistence really paid off. Passage 2 （2026·北京顺义·一模） When most of us turn our minds to self-improvement, we assume that we need to put pleasure on pause until we’ve reached our goal. Yet the latest research suggests that this may be the worst way to approach our personal goals. Put simply, we are far more likely to succeed if the process offers immediate satisfaction as well as rewards in the future. These insights arise from self-determination theory, which sets out a range of motivation. On one side you have intrinsic (内在的) drives, which are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure. On the other, there are extrinsic (外在的) drives — things that you know you should do, often because of a longer-term benefit. For a study published in 2025, Kaitlin Woolley and colleagues surveyed 2,000 people about their goals for the year ahead. The researchers then kept track of the participants’ progress over the following 12 months. At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of them staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect. Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds, of course. You may initially choose to get fit because your doctor has told you to, but you can then look for the most enjoyable ways to do it. You just need to think a bit more creatively about how to build in the exercise. If you’re struggling to find a way of making your new habit fun, you might choose to combine it with another activity that provides more immediate satisfaction. You can apply the same principle to anything you want to do. Armed with this strategy, you’ll be well on your way to reaching your goal this year. 1．What are intrinsic drives? 2．What is the result of the study in the passage? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict, so you need to think creatively about how to make use of them. 4．Do you rely more on intrinsic or extrinsic drives to reach your goal? Give an example. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Intrinsic drives /They are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure. 2．At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of participants staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect. 3．Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict, so you need to think creatively about making use of them. Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds/in conflict. You might choose to combine them and you’ll be well on your way to reaching your goal. 4．Possible answers: I often combine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation when working toward a goal. For example, when I set out to improve my English grades, I look for enjoyable ways to practice, like watching English movies or listening to songs, which turns learning into something I genuinely look forward to. (48) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍自我决定理论中的内在驱动力和外在驱动力，以及内在驱动力对实现个人目标的重要性和相关策略。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“On one side you have intrinsic (内在的) drives, which are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure.(一方面，你有内在驱动力，即那些你为了自身缘故而被吸引去做的事情，因为它们有趣、有吸引力或能给你带来快乐)”可知，内在驱动力的定义的是为了自身缘故而被吸引去做的事情，因为它们有趣、有吸引力或能带来快乐。故填Intrinsic drives /They are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For a study published in 2025, Kaitlin Woolley and colleagues surveyed 2,000 people about their goals for the year ahead. The researchers then kept track of the participants’ progress over the following 12 months. At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of them staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect.(在2025年发表的一项研究中，凯特琳·伍利及其同事调查了2000人关于他们来年的目标。研究人员随后在接下来的12个月里跟踪了参与者的进展。在研究的每个阶段，内在驱动力水平都是他们坚持到底的最佳预测因素，而他们的外在动机则没有影响)”可知，该研究的结果是在研究的每个阶段，内在驱动力水平都是参与者坚持到底的最佳预测因素，而外在动机没有影响。故填At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of participants staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds, of course.(当然，内在驱动力和外在驱动力不一定是对立的)”可知，题干中“Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict(内在驱动力和外在驱动力通常是冲突的)”这一部分是错误的。原因是内在驱动力和外在驱动力不一定是对立的。结合后文“You may initially choose to get fit because your doctor has told you to, but you can then look for the most enjoyable ways to do it. You just need to think a bit more creatively about how to build in the exercise.(起初，你可能是因为医生的建议才选择健身，但之后你可以寻找最让自己享受的方式来做这件事。你只需要更有创意地思考如何把锻炼融入日常生活)”可知，人们可以将外在驱动力和内在驱动力结合起来，从而更好地实现目标。故填Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict, so you need to think creatively about making use of them. Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds/in conflict. You might choose to combine them and you’ll be well on your way to reaching your goal. 4．开放性试题。结合文章主旨，围绕“内在驱动力”“外在驱动力”任选其一或结合两者，举例说明即可，注意控制字数在40词左右。在朝着一个目标努力时，我常常会将内在动机与外在动机结合起来。例如，当我开始努力提高英语成绩时，我会寻找有趣的练习方式，比如看英文电影或听英文歌曲，这让学习变成了我真正期待去做的事。示例答案：I often combine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation when working toward a goal. For example, when I set out to improve my English grades, I look for enjoyable ways to practice, like watching English movies or listening to songs, which turns learning into something I genuinely look forward to. Passage 3 （2026·北京海淀·一模） I have always been better at expressing myself through writing than verbally or through any other medium, and I’ve been communicating through the written words since I was a child. This practice became profoundly meaningful to me after my stepfather Vince passed away. Vince died in 2018, right before New Year’s Eve. I had wanted to write him a letter for years, long before his shocking diagnosis, but I kept delaying it. I always thought there would be more time. Sadly, I never finished that letter. It is a regret I will carry with me always. Yet, this personal failure led me to think of the other important people in my life — those I could still reach, those with whom I still had time. There were things I needed to say to them, words that mattered. In 2019, I made a list of everyone I wanted to write to, and I started sending a few letters here and there. Gratitude, regrets, apologies — all of these were found in my pages. Each envelope marked another crossing off of a name on my bucket list of recipients. In 2020, I appraised my progress and began thinking about how I might encourage other people to write letters too. I operated a website that encourages people to write letters to others — three letters, to be exact. There are no rules or restrictions regarding the contents of participants’ letters or the format they take. The letters can be typed or handwritten, in any length and language, on any style of paper, etc. My only advice is that the letters should be sent within one year. I am hesitant to impose any directives at all, but I believe a deadline can be helpful as it will remind people we don’t always have all the time we think we do. My goal is to work on a letter to someone at least once a month. We have only a limited amount of time on this planet. There are important things that we need to say. 1．What did the author find important after losing her stepfather? 2．Why did the author set up the website? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible. 4．If you are to write a letter to someone, who will you write to? What will you write about? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Expressing herself through writing. 2．To encourage people to write letters to others. 3．On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible. Because the author set the deadline to remind people of the limited time, not to collect as many letters as possible. 4．I will write to my mother. I want to express my deep gratitude to her for taking good care of me every day. I also want to say sorry for sometimes making her angry and promise to be more understanding. (open) 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因未能给继父写完一封信而留下遗憾，之后开始给生命中重要的人写信，并建立网站鼓励他人也写信，珍惜与他人相处的时光。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“I have always been better at expressing myself through writing than verbally or through any other medium, and I’ve been communicating through the written words since I was a child. This practice became profoundly meaningful to me after my stepfather Vince passed away.(一直以来，我都更擅长通过写作表达自己，而非口头表达或其他任何方式；从小我就习惯用文字与人交流。在继父文斯去世后，这种表达方式对我而言变得意义非凡。)”可知，作者在失去继父后，作者通过写作表达自己。故答案为Expressing herself through writing.。 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“In 2020, I appraised my progress and began thinking about how I might encourage other people to write letters too.(2020年，我评估了自己的进展，并开始思考如何鼓励其他人也写信。)”可知，作者建立网站是为了鼓励其他人也给他人写信。故答案为To encourage people to write letters to others.。 3．考查推理判断。根据第六段“I am hesitant to impose any directives at all, but I believe a deadline can be helpful as it will remind people we don’t always have all the time we think we do.(我根本不愿意强加任何指示，但我相信截止日期会有帮助，因为它会提醒人们，我们并不总是拥有我们认为的那么多时间。)”可知，作者设置截止日期是为了提醒人们时间有限，而非为了收集尽可能多的信件。故On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible.中“in order to collect as many letters as possible”错误。故答案为On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible. Because the author set the deadline to remind people of the limited time, not to collect as many letters as possible.。 4．考查开放性试题。结合自身经历，选择想要写信的人，并说明写信的内容，贴合文章中“对重要的人说重要的话”的主旨即可。故答案为I will write to my mother. I want to express my deep gratitude to her for taking good care of me every day. I also want to say sorry for sometimes making her angry and promise to be more understanding.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·北京东城·一模） “My name is …” The words stick in my throat, refusing to come out. The silence stretches on as I shake a stranger’s hand. Trying to relax my jaw, I breathe in and manage to release my name, “Pppeeeettterr.” I’ve stuttered since around age 7, with no obvious cause. As a little boy, my go-to strategy was to avoid speaking or replace words with synonyms (同义词) when I felt a block coming. Then I fell in love with science — my hunger for knowledge made me unwilling to stay silent. So I learned speech treatment and finally regained the courage to express myself. I thought I had my stutter under control. Later, after many job interviews, I became an assistant professor. However, the decline was gradual, and I didn’t notice it until one day, a few months ago, I was teaching my thermodynamics class and found myself unable to say “equilibrium”. Later that day, I struggled to tell a colleague the name of my newborn daughter. Both the students and my colleague seemed to ignore my difficulty. Still, I came to a realization: I will probably never be free of my stutter, and my self-image as a capable scientist may take a hit. The thought was both depressing and exhausting. Then I began to wonder: can I gain any good from this burden? If radiation can be used to cure cancer, why can’t my stutter make me better, too? I have decided to accept my limitations and welcome the new perspectives they provide. When my voice sticks and refuses to cooperate, I can’t force it. I simply let my stutter go. And I can’t control how others perceive me. But with proper effort, I’m sure that I can participate in any conversation. 1．What did the author do to avoid stuttering when he was a little boy? 2．How did the author feel the moment he realized his stutter had returned? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ The author has decided to master better speech techniques and finally lets go of his stutter. 4．What do you think of the way the author deals with his limitations? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．He avoided speaking or replaced words with synonyms. 2．He felt depressed and exhausted. 3．错误部分：master better speech techniques 原因：The author decided to accept his limitations instead of mastering better speech techniques. 4．I think it’s positive and wise. He accepts his limitations calmly and tries to find new perspectives. He faces it bravely rather than escaping, which sets a good example for us. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小口吃，曾通过努力有所改善，后来口吃复发，最终选择接纳自身缺陷、以积极心态面对生活的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段 “As a little boy, my go-to strategy was to avoid speaking or replace words with synonyms when I felt a block coming.(在我小时候，常用的办法是避免说话，或者在感觉要卡壳时用同义词替换。)” 可知，作者小时候通过避免说话或用同义词替换词语来避免口吃，故填He avoided speaking or replaced words with synonyms。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“The thought was both depressing and exhausting.(这个想法既令人沮丧又让人疲惫。)” 可知，作者意识到口吃复发后感到沮丧和疲惫，故填He felt depressed and exhausted。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“I have decided to accept my limitations and welcome the new perspectives they provide.(我决定接受自己的局限，并接纳它们带来的新视角。)” 可知，作者选择接纳自己的缺陷，而不是掌握更好的语言技巧，因此错误部分为master better speech techniques，故填错误部分：master better speech techniques；原因：The author decided to accept his limitations instead of mastering better speech techniques. 4．开放题。问：你如何看待作者应对自身缺陷的方式？言之有理即可。根据原文第五段“I have decided to accept my limitations and welcome the new perspectives they provide.(我决定接受自己的局限，并接纳它们带来的新视角。)”可知，作者坦然接纳缺陷、积极面对，他的做法积极明智，勇敢面对而非逃避，为我们树立了榜样。故填I think it’s positive and wise. He accepts his limitations calmly and tries to find new perspectives. He faces it bravely rather than escaping, which sets a good example for us。 Passage 2 （2026·北京丰台·一模） Over breakfast, I chatted with Mia, my Spanish study buddy. I reviewed my recent lesson and shared what I’d learned from a podcast. By the end of our 10-minute talk, I felt I had gained more than from another textbook exercise. Mia, however, is not a real person. She is an AI I created to make use of the “protege effect.” It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The principle of “learning by teaching” was first introduced in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher, who allowed students to research and present parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation and self-confidence, and it soon spread to many other schools. In one study, a US scientist, Caroline Chase tested its effectiveness. Her team asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to learn about the biological changes during a fever. Over two lessons, students read a text and created a flowchart. Half did it as self-study; the others were told their work would help teach a virtual character on the screen. It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. Chase’s team named this the “protege effect”, and it has since been confirmed by later studies. Knowing that others will learn from us creates a sense of responsibility to provide accurate information. This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on. Explaining our knowledge then helps to strengthen what we have learned. So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one. 1．What is the “protege effect”? 2．Why did students in the role of teacher score better in Chase’s study? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. 4．How can you put the “protege effect” into practice? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored. 2．Because this increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. 3．The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions. 4．Possible Version I often ask a friend or AI to be my student. After learning, I explain in my own words and take questions. This helps me organize my thoughts and find areas for improvement, which is how I truly learn. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“门生效应”这一心理现象及其在教学中的应用和效果。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“She is an AI I created to make use of the ‘protege effect.’ It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist.(她是我创造出来利用“门生效应”的人工智能。这是一种心理现象，即当我们向他人传授我们刚刚探索过的话题时，我们会学得更有效——即使那个人并不真正存在)”可知，“门生效应”指的是当我们向他人传授我们刚刚探索过的话题时，我们会学得更有效这种心理现象。故答案为It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored. 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding.(这是一个小小的变化，但扮演教师角色的学生得分明显更高。这种增加的参与度对他们吸收的知识量和理解的深度都产生了很大的影响)”可知，在Chase的研究中，扮演教师角色的学生得分更高是因为这种增加的参与度对他们吸收的知识量和理解的深度都产生了很大的影响。故答案为Because this increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. 3．考查细节判断。根据第六段“This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on.(这种责任感促使我们在传递信息之前，更加努力地填补自己理解上的空白，纠正任何错误的假设)”可知，是纠正我们自己错误的假设，而不是指出他们错误的假设，所以原句“The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions.”表述错误，应改为“The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions”。故答案为The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions。 4．考查开放性题目。根据最后一段“So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one.(那么为什么不试一试呢？要真正掌握某样东西，就开始教它——即使你的学生只是一个虚拟的)”以及结合全文对“门生效应”的介绍可知，要真正掌握某样东西，就可以利用“门生效应”，我经常让一位朋友或人工智能充当我的“学生”。学习之后，我会用自己的话进行解释并回答问题。这样做能帮助我理清思路，找出需要改进的地方，从而真正学习。故答案为：I often ask a friend or AI to be my student. After learning, I explain in my own words and take questions. This helps me organize my thoughts and find areas for improvement, which is how I truly learn. 主题01 人与社会——旅行 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） Sustainable travel is about travelling in a way that’s sensitive to the climate and nature emergencies while ensuring that the wellbeing of the places we visit gain long-term benefit from our travelling there. Being a sustainable traveller is not about making grand, one-off gestures. It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday. To begin with, consider packing less: travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient. It also makes it much easier to travel around. A useful device for packing economically is to consider the three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. Transport accounts for at least 70% of a holiday’s carbon emissions. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the carbon emissions of travelling is to reduce the travel distance and choose transportation that burns less, or ideally no fossil fuel. There’s a steep difference in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by aeroplanes compared with most land-based vehicles. There are concerted efforts to decarbonise air travel using alternative fuels and methods of propulsion, such as via electricity and hydrogen. There are other factors that will affect your carbon emissions when you’re at the destination, including your choice of hotel and the food you eat. For example, the average carbon footprint of a night in a typical hotel in the UK is about 31.1kg CO2, according to the Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative, so choosing a hotel that has lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. In fact, many eco-certified accommodations do much more than reducing their carbon emissions. They also reduce the amount of waste they send to landfill and cut down on the use of chemicals and water. When it comes to food, feasting on local, seasonal food not only conveys a sense of place better than any travel brochure, but is also much better for the environment. 1．According to the passage, what is being a sustainable traveller about? 2．Why is packing less considered more eco-friendly? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. 4．In addition to sustainable travel, how can you live a sustainable life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday. 2．Because travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient. 3．▶Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. Because a typical hotel has average carbon emissions, and only choosing a hotel with lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. 4．I can save water and electricity in daily life, sort rubbish strictly, use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and choose to walk or cycle for short trips to live a low-carbon life. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可持续旅行的含义，并从打包、交通、住宿和饮食等方面提出了实现可持续旅行的具体方法。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Being a sustainable traveller is not about making grand, one-off gestures. It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday. (成为一名可持续旅行者并不在于做出宏大的、一次性的姿态，而在于拥有一种心态，一种持续的有意识探险的态度，这种态度会影响我们度假的方方面面。)”可知，成为一名可持续旅行者关乎一种心态，一种持续的、有意识的探险态度，影响度假的各个方面。故答案为It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday.。 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“To begin with, consider packing less: travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient. (首先，考虑少带行李：轻装旅行可以减少丢弃物品的可能性，而且更省油。)”可知，少带行李能减少丢弃物品的可能，并且更省油，因此更环保。故答案为Because travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient.。 3．考查细节理解。根据第五段“For example, the average carbon footprint of a night in a typical hotel in the UK is about 31.1kg CO2, according to the Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative, so choosing a hotel that has lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. (例如，根据酒店碳计量倡议，英国一家普通酒店一晚的平均碳排放量约为31.1千克二氧化碳，因此选择碳排放量低于平均水平的酒店会对你假期的碳足迹产生重大影响。)”可知，原文明确指出是选择低于平均碳排放的酒店而非普通酒店，才能显著影响假期碳足迹。题干中“staying at a typical hotel”与原文表述矛盾。故Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint.中“staying at a typical hotel”错误，应改为“choosing a hotel that has lower than average carbon emissions”。故答案为Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. Because a typical hotel has average carbon emissions, and only choosing a hotel with lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint.。 4．考查开放性试题。结合节约资源、垃圾分类、减少浪费等绿色生活方式作答即可。故答案为I can save water and electricity in daily life, sort rubbish strictly, use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and choose to walk or cycle for short trips to live a low-carbon life. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·一模） The prize may belong to the fastest, but sometimes the person who lifts the trophy (奖杯) is not the only winner. That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera. Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself. He once told his teammates, “When you are standing at a crossroad, you can choose the path of self-interest, or you can go the extra mile for someone in need.” The race went smoothly at first. The runners moved like a colourful river through the trees. With less than one kilometre to go, however, Marcus stepped on a loose stone, lost his balance and fell, badly hurting his knee. “I heard a sharp sound and felt something go wrong,” Daniel later recalled. Marcus tried to stand up and waved for Daniel to pass him and keep going. For most athletes, crossing the line first is the main goal. But in that moment, winning suddenly seemed less important to Daniel. As he reached Marcus, he saw the pain on his face and heard his short, shaking breaths. Instead of running ahead, Daniel stopped and put Marcus’s arm over his shoulder. Slowly step by step, they moved towards the finish line together. “Helping him finish meant more than any medal,” Daniel said later. “That day, we both won in a different way.” 1．What event did Marcus and Daniel take part in? 2．Why had Marcus trained so hard for months? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. 4．What do you think of Daniel’s choice in the race? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．They took part in a cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. 2．He had trained hard because he dreamed of earning a sports scholarship. 3．➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. Because according to the passage they come from different schools — Marcus is from Lakeside High School and  Daniel is from North Ridge High. 4．I think Daniel’s choice is truly inspiring. He puts kindness and compassion above personal glory, showing the best of sportsmanship. His selfless act proves that true victory lies not in winning a race, but in lifting others up. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德的一场越野赛跑中，原本有望夺冠的选手Daniel Rivera，在看到竞争对手Marcus Lee因摔倒膝盖受伤后，放弃独自冲线，选择搀扶Marcus一同走向终点的故事。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子“That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. (这在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德最近的一场越野赛跑中体现得淋漓尽致。)”和第二段的句子“There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera.(这次比赛有两名主要选手：Marcus Lee和Daniel Rivera。)”可知，Marcus Lee和Daniel Rivera参加的是在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德举行的越野赛跑。故答案为They took part in a cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子“Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. 17岁的Marcus来自湖滨高中，他训练了几个月，梦想着获得体育奖学金。)”可知，Marcus刻苦训练的原因是想获得体育奖学金。故答案为He had trained hard because he dreamed of earning a sports scholarship. 3．考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子“Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself.(17岁的Marcus来自湖滨高中，他训练了几个月，梦想着获得体育奖学金。Daniel来自北岭高中，同学们都知道他是一个宁愿帮助别人也不愿为自己赢得关注的人。)”可知，Marcus和Daniel两人并非同一所学校的同学，因此表述中的Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School部分是错误的。故答案为Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. Because according to the passage they come from different schools — Marcus is from Lakeside High School and  Daniel is from North Ridge High. 4．开放性试题。根据最后一段的句子“‘Helping him finish meant more than any medal,’ Daniel said later. ‘That day, we both won in a different way.’(丹尼尔后来说：‘帮他完成比赛比任何奖牌都重要。那天，我们都以不同的方式赢了。’)”可知，Daniel的选择体现了超越胜负的善意与体育精神。故答案为I think Daniel’s choice is truly inspiring. He puts kindness and compassion above personal glory, showing the best of sportsmanship. His selfless act proves that true victory lies not in winning a race, but in lifting others up. Passage 2 （2026·北京延庆·一模） I used to secretly wish for a smooth, resisted life — no uphill climbs, just ease. “Why can’t things just flow?” I’d mutter to myself after a long day. But somewhere along the way, I noticed something uncomfortable: the times I tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder. Take my early years in medicine. I hated anatomy class — it was dense, overwhelming, and I wanted to skim through. I told myself, “I’ll just figure it out later.” But my shortcut backfired — later exams turned into nightmares. It took me years to realize: doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later. And I see it everywhere in daily life. That 30-minute workout you resist saves you from years of aching joints. The deep work you keep postpone levers you rushing at the last minute, stressed out. Life’s kind of a backwards puzzle like that. I still struggle with this. Writing, for example. There are mornings I stare at a blank page and bargain with myself. “Maybe I’ll just write tomorrow when I’m more inspired.” But inspiration doesn’t magically arrive, it sneaks in after the hard part — after I’ve typed through the clumsy, messy beginnings. And when I finally lean into the discomfort, the writing flows. That’s the quiet magic of it: the hard thing isn’t just a wall — it’s also the doorway. At its core, doing hard things is not about toughness — it’s about kindness to your future self. Next time I find myself resisting, I’ll remind myself: this hard thing isn’t here to punish me. It’s here to liberate me. And maybe, just maybe, that’s the closest way we get to an “easy” life. 1．What uncomfortable thing did the author notice? 2．Why did the author say “Life’s kind of a backwards puzzle like that”? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing the hard thing, which is about toughness, is the doorway. 4．Have you ever done something hard that saved yourself from difficulty later? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．(The author noticed that) The times he tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder. 2．Because doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later. 3．Doing the hard thing, which is about toughness, is the doorway. 改：①Doing the hard thing is not about toughness; ②it’s about kindness to your future self. 或者改：Doing the hard thing, ①which is not about toughness, ②but about kindness to your future self, is the doorway. 4．Have you ever done something hard that saved yourself from difficulty later? (In about 40 words) Possible version 1: Yes, I have. Last semester, I forced myself to study for a math exam every night instead of cramming at the last minute. Though it felt tiring then, I avoided the panic of last-minute memorization and scored well — early effort saved me from failure. Possible version 2: Yes, I have. I once practiced oral English for 40 minutes every night before the speaking test, repeating sentences and simulating dialogues even when I felt tired and wanted to give up. This tough daily practice polished my speaking skills a lot. In the test, I spoke fluently and confidently, avoiding the regret of poor preparation. 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者结合自己的经历说明一个道理：越是刻意逃避困难，生活反而会变得更艰难，早早直面完成难事，往往能避免日后更长时间的困境。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“But somewhere along the way, I noticed something uncomfortable: the times I tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder.(但后来我逐渐察觉到一些令人不安的现象：当我试图避开艰难的道路时，生活反而变得更艰难了)”可知，作者注意到他试图避开艰难之路的时候，生活反而变得更加艰难了，故答案是(The author noticed that) The times he tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It took me years to realize: doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later.(我花了好几年才明白：尽早去做困难的事情往往能让你避免日后的一生都充满困难)”可知，尽早去做艰难之事往往能让你避免日后的一生都充满艰难困苦，所以作者说生活就像这样一个逆向的谜题，故答案是Because doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“That’s the quiet magic of it: the hard thing isn’t just a wall — it’s also the doorway.(这就是其中那无声的神奇之处：艰难之事并非仅仅是阻碍——它同时也是一个入口)”和最后一段中“At its core, doing hard things is not about toughness — it’s about kindness to your future self.(从本质上讲，做艰难之事并非意味着要变得强硬——而是要善待未来的自己)”可知，题干 “Doing the hard thing, which is about toughness, is the doorway.(做关乎坚韧的艰难的事情是出路)”中“which is about toughness”说法错误，做艰难之事并非关乎坚韧；而是关乎对你未来自我的仁慈；或做艰难之事，并非关乎坚韧，而是关乎对你未来自我的仁慈，是一个入口。故答案是：改：①Doing the hard thing is not about toughness; ②it’s about kindness to your future self.或者改：Doing the hard thing, ①which is not about toughness, ②but about kindness to your future self, is the doorway. 4．考查开放题型。题干提问“你是否曾做过一件艰难的事情，从而避免了日后可能遇到的困难？”，回答合理即可，如：是的，我做过。上学期，我强迫自己每晚都专门用于准备数学考试，而不是在最后一刻临时抱佛脚。虽然当时感觉很累，但我避免了临阵磨枪式的记忆方式所带来的恐慌，并取得了不错的成绩——早做努力使我避免了失败。故答案是Possible version 1:Yes, I have. Last semester, I forced myself to study for a math exam every night instead of cramming at the last minute. Though it felt tiring then, I avoided the panic of last-minute memorization and scored well — early effort saved me from failure. Possible version 2:Yes, I have. I once practiced oral English for 40 minutes every night before the speaking test, repeating sentences and simulating dialogues even when I felt tired and wanted to give up. This tough daily practice polished my speaking skills a lot. In the test, I spoke fluently and confidently, avoiding the regret of poor preparation. 主题03 人与社会——科技 Passage 1 （2026·北京朝阳·一模） Every Mother’s Day, I am reminded how important food is in my relationship with Mom. Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. Long before we speak, we are fed. Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. Today, as the world rushes toward automation and optimization (最优化), I increasingly find myself looking to food for moments of calm. At the same time, I worry what will happen to the human heart of food when machines prepare, deliver, and even plan our meals for us. Let’s be clear: Technology can help us in many ways. It can make cooking safer, more accessible, and less wasteful. But we must draw a line between assistance and replacement. Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. We don’t need smarter kitchens. We need longer tables, spaces where people of different backgrounds, generations, and experiences can gather and break bread together. The future will always offer faster, more efficient ways of eating. But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. 1．Why is food important in the author’s relationship with Mom? 2．What will happen once food is reduced to pure functional value? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. 4．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what role(s) does food play in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Because every dish from their mother carries precious memories and shows deep love, care and warmth between them. 2．We will lose the true meaning of feeding and being fed as human beings. 3．In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human touch in cooking gives food its deepest meaning instead of technology. 4．Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述食物承载着作者与母亲之间珍贵的回忆与爱意，对比当下科技智能化烹饪的趋势，点明科技只能辅助烹饪，真正赋予食物深层意义的是烹饪里饱含的人文温情。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. (每道菜肴都是记忆的源泉。一碗汤、一杯茶、一道简单的炸鱼——每一样都成了我们之间珍贵的瞬间。)” 以及第二段 “Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. (通过食物，我们首次获得安全感、关怀与关注。一碗温热的米饭。一碗香喷喷的鸡汤在充满欢声笑语的厨房里慢炖着。这些不仅仅是膳食。它们是信息：你被爱着。你属于这里。我常常想起母亲在烹饪每道菜时那份细致入微的用心。世上没有配方能诠释那种感受，也没有机器能复刻她的双手、她的风格和她的动机。每道菜肴都蕴藏着唤起回忆或重现往昔的美好力量。)” 可知，食物承载着作者和母亲的珍贵回忆，藏着母亲默默的关爱，故答案为Because every dish from Mom carries precious memories and shows her deep care and love between them. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段 “Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. (因为一旦食物沦为纯粹的实用价值，我们就会失去人类投喂与被投喂背后的温情意义。)” 可知，故答案为We will lose the true meaning of feeding and being fed as human beings. 3．考查细节理解。 错误部分：it will always be technology。根据文章最后一段 “But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. (但永远是烹饪中的人文温情，赋予食物最深层的意义。)” 可知，赋予食物深层意义的是人的温情，而非科技，故答案为In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human touch in cooking gives food its deepest meaning instead of technology. 4．考查开放表达。所以言之有理即可，示例：Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. (食物能让我与朋友们在一起用餐时增进感情。当我心情低落时，它也能给我带来慰藉，让我在日常生活中感到放松和温暖。)故答案为Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达 答案 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 1．Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently, and she hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public./Because the author admired how debaters expressed their views logically and confidently./Because the author hoped to become someone who could speak up bravely in public. 2．Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence — it’s not about never failing, but about getting up after failure./Her words inspired me to rethink the meaning of persistence. 3．True persistence means having courage to face failures, taking action to improve and refusing others’ help. According to the passage, persistence is not blind perseverance. It requires courage to face failures, willingness to improve, and the wisdom to accept help. 4．One possible answer: When I was learning to ride a bike, I kept falling off at first. But I didn't give up. I persisted in practicing every day, and finally I could ride it smoothly. Persistence really paid off. Passage 2 1．Intrinsic drives /They are the things you’re drawn to do for their own sake, because they’re fun, engaging or give you pleasure. 2．At every stage of the study, the level of intrinsic drive was the best predictor of participants staying the course, while their extrinsic motivations had no effect. 3．Intrinsic and extrinsic drives are often in conflict, so you need to think creatively about making use of them. Intrinsic and extrinsic drives do not have to be at odds/in conflict. You might choose to combine them and you’ll be well on your way to reaching your goal. 4．Possible answers: I often combine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation when working toward a goal. For example, when I set out to improve my English grades, I look for enjoyable ways to practice, like watching English movies or listening to songs, which turns learning into something I genuinely look forward to. (48) Passage 3 1．Expressing herself through writing. 2．To encourage people to write letters to others. 3．On the author’s website, she suggests a deadline in order to collect as many letters as possible. Because the author set the deadline to remind people of the limited time, not to collect as many letters as possible. 4．I will write to my mother. I want to express my deep gratitude to her for taking good care of me every day. I also want to say sorry for sometimes making her angry and promise to be more understanding. (open) 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 1．He avoided speaking or replaced words with synonyms. 2．He felt depressed and exhausted. 3．错误部分：master better speech techniques 原因：The author decided to accept his limitations instead of mastering better speech techniques. 4．I think it’s positive and wise. He accepts his limitations calmly and tries to find new perspectives. He faces it bravely rather than escaping, which sets a good example for us. Passage 2 1．It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored. 2．Because this increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. 3．The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions. 4．Possible Version I often ask a friend or AI to be my student. After learning, I explain in my own words and take questions. This helps me organize my thoughts and find areas for improvement, which is how I truly learn. 主题01 人与社会——旅行 Passage 1 1．It’s about having a state of mind, an ongoing attitude to conscious adventure that influences all aspects of how we holiday. 2．Because travelling lighter can reduce the chances of having to dispose of items and it’s more fuel efficient. 3．▶Since accommodation is a source of emissions, staying at a typical hotel can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. Because a typical hotel has average carbon emissions, and only choosing a hotel with lower than average carbon emissions can make a significant difference to your holiday’s carbon footprint. 4．I can save water and electricity in daily life, sort rubbish strictly, use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and choose to walk or cycle for short trips to live a low-carbon life. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 1．They took part in a cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. 2．He had trained hard because he dreamed of earning a sports scholarship. 3．➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. Because according to the passage they come from different schools — Marcus is from Lakeside High School and  Daniel is from North Ridge High. 4．I think Daniel’s choice is truly inspiring. He puts kindness and compassion above personal glory, showing the best of sportsmanship. His selfless act proves that true victory lies not in winning a race, but in lifting others up. Passage 2 1．(The author noticed that) The times he tried to avoid the hard path, life actually got harder. 2．Because doing the difficult thing early often saves you from a lifetime of difficulty later. 3．Doing the hard thing, which is about toughness, is the doorway. 改：①Doing the hard thing is not about toughness; ②it’s about kindness to your future self. 或者改：Doing the hard thing, ①which is not about toughness, ②but about kindness to your future self, is the doorway. 4．Have you ever done something hard that saved yourself from difficulty later? (In about 40 words) Possible version 1: Yes, I have. Last semester, I forced myself to study for a math exam every night instead of cramming at the last minute. Though it felt tiring then, I avoided the panic of last-minute memorization and scored well — early effort saved me from failure. Possible version 2: Yes, I have. I once practiced oral English for 40 minutes every night before the speaking test, repeating sentences and simulating dialogues even when I felt tired and wanted to give up. This tough daily practice polished my speaking skills a lot. In the test, I spoke fluently and confidently, avoiding the regret of poor preparation. 主题03 人与社会——科技 Passage 1 1．Because every dish from their mother carries precious memories and shows deep love, care and warmth between them. 2．We will lose the true meaning of feeding and being fed as human beings. 3．In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human touch in cooking gives food its deepest meaning instead of technology. 4．Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $