专题07 阅读理解七选五（北京专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题07 阅读理解七选五 答案 主题01 人与社会——体育与艺术 Passage 1：1．E 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．A Passage 2：1．G 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．B 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．F Passage 2：1．F 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．D 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：1．E 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．A 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1：1．G 2．B 3．E 4．F 5．D Passage 2：1．C 2．A 3．B 4．F 5．D 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．F 2．G 3．B 4．A 5．D 主题03 人与自我——生活 Passage 1：1．G 2．E 3．C 4．F 5．D 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解七选五 主题01 人与社会——体育与艺术 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） Positive, everyday actions can make a difference to your brain health. 1 Adopting even a single one can meaningfully improve how you feel. These tips are designed to help you build resilience, find balance, and prioritize what you value most. 2 Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves. But the real benefits come from exercising consistently over time: People who do so have a lower risk of developing depression and dementia. Scientists think that moving your body leads to extra blood flow and chemicals released in the brain, which can help build new connections between neurons. Just as we can train our body for brain health, we can also train our mind to manage emotions. It’s common to feel worried. 3 Research shows that directly dealing with the things that make us anxious can help break a pattern of fear and avoidance. Try to focus on your values instead of those uneasy feelings. You can ask yourself: Was all the time I spent worrying about this problem worth it? How did I navigate my worries and what was the most important thing I learned? Write down your observations so that you can refer back to them if excessive worry resurfaces. Beyond managing internal feelings, our social connections also play a critical role. Experts think that loneliness can trigger the body’s stress response, which increases inflammation. Over time, chronic stress and inflammation can damage brain cells and the connections between them. Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit. 4 In addition, challenging your mind through new activities can keep your brain engaged and growing. 5 This practice may have short-term and long-term benefits for your brain. A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. Passage 2 （2026·北京丰台·一模） Music isn’t just entertainment. It is one of the most accessible and powerful ways to regulate our mental state, yet we continue to underestimate its potential. We already know that music can trigger emotions. 1 In a 2019 study, participants listened to heroic- or sad-sounding music while their minds wandered. The results were striking: uplifting music stirred energising, constructive thoughts, while sad music brought about calmer or more demotivating ones. This influence has consequences for mental health. Our minds frequently wander. We daydream for nearly half the time we are awake, and we are less happy when this happens. 2 Why? Because during these periods, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) takes over. This supports imagination, memory and reflection, but often drifts into negative thought loops. In recent brain-imaging studies, we showed that negative daydreams, especially during sad music, engage the brain’s pain system as well as the DMN. Upsetting thoughts, it turns out, are more than metaphorically painful. 3 Fortunately, the DMN has a natural counterpart: the executive network, which supports focus and goal-directed behaviour. The two systems are anticorrelated, meaning when one is active, the other quiets down. 4 Whether by tapping along to music, breathing in rhythm or humming internally, we redirect attention, disrupt negative thought loops and give our minds a cognitive “reset”. 5 Studies found people who tapped along experienced significantly less physical pain in experiments where a short burst of pressure was applied to their fingernails than those who merely listened. The combination of musical immersion and motor synchronisation (同步) boosted pain-reducing effects to a clinically meaningful degree. These findings suggest that musical engagement is a kind of pleasurable meditation. If music can do all this, it needs to be recognised as far more than a lifestyle accessory. So the next time your stress begins to bite, put on your favourite song. A．It lifts our mood and makes us cry. B．This does more than improve mood. C．And music can shift us into this more adaptive mode. D．They activate the same networks as physical discomfort. E．The DMN also responds to rhythmic physical movement. F．Even, pleasant thoughts don’t improve mood significantly. G．But research suggests it can change the content of our thoughts. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·北京东城·一模） Human history could be told as the story of seeing. Each invention that sharpened our vision extended the reach of perception and redrew the borders of the known. When a Dutch craftsman fitted two lenses (镜片) into a tube in 1608, he did not simply enlarge distant objects; he expanded the human mind. From that moment, observation stopped to be passive. 1 As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality — the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. 2 To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. 3 The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. 4 The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. And now, machines have begun to see for us. Satellites watch the weather; neural networks watch the world. They identify patterns invisible to human eyes — the movements of universe, the signatures of disease, the habits of a city. 5 The universe may be infinite, but so too is the human desire to understand what it means to look. A．Seeing is no longer believing. B．We no longer merely looked — we searched. C．The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. D．The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. E．The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F．Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. G．The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. Passage 2 （2026·北京门头沟·一模） Over the summer, Ohio State University announced a new initiative promising to “integrate AI education into the core of every undergraduate curriculum.” Similar initiatives are being rolled out at other universities. 1 Based on the available evidence, the skills that future graduates will most need in the AI era are precisely those that are likely to be weakened by inserting AI into the educational process. Students must be able to ask AI questions, critically analyze its written responses, identify possible weaknesses or inaccuracies, and integrate new information with existing knowledge. Each of these skills comes from years of sustained educational development. 2 “I find that careful use of AI helps me at work, but that is because I completed my education decades ago and have been actively studying ever since,” the sociologist Gabriel Rossman has written. “My accumulated knowledge gives me inspiration for new research questions and techniques.” Will the AI-integrated education develop these skills? 3 For example, a team of scientists at MIT recently divided subjects into three groups and asked them to write a number of short essays over the course of several months. The first group used ChatGPT to assist its writing, the second used Google Search, and the third used no technology. They found that the subjects that used ChatGPT produced vague, poorly reasoned essays and showed the lowest levels of brain activity. 4 Other studies have found a negative correlation between AI use and cognitive abilities. 5 The most responsible way for colleges to prepare students for the future is to teach AI skills only after building a solid foundation of basic cognitive (认知的) ability and advanced disciplinary knowledge. A．This is how innovation happens. B．These findings raise serious doubts about the push. C．A growing body of research suggests that it will not. D．We should engage in cautious and reasoned thinking. E．Some experts argue for a complete ban on AI in educational settings. F．But such policies represent a dangerously rapid and uninformed response to the technology. G．They tended to compose their work simply by cutting and pasting (粘贴) material from other sources. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·一模） Many teenagers promise themselves they’ll go to sleep early, yet still stay up scrolling (浏览) their phones in the dark. As minutes turn into an hour, messages, short videos and games keep their brains awake. 1 Blue light from the screen slows the release of sleep hormones (荷尔蒙), and worries from social media can follow you into your dreams. The habit can be changed with a few simple steps. Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you. 2 After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music. Keeping your hands busy with offline activities makes it easier to forget about checking your phone again. Understand why you reach for your phone. 3 Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. Make nights something to look forward to. Plan a small treat, like enjoying a cup of warm milk or doing a short relaxation exercise. You could also keep a grateful list and add three good things that happened that day. 4 When your brain connects bedtime with comfort instead of stress, the pull of the phone grows weaker. 5 Instead, by practising these ideas, you can protect your sleep, care for your mental health, and wake up with more energy for the next day. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京海淀·一模） How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 1 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 2 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. 3 Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in. Imagine sharing something sad with a friend: “I studied so hard for the math exam, but I still failed it.” Consider these two potential responses and how they would make you feel. “Oh well, I’m glad I’m not the one taking that exam. Want to hang out?” “That must be so hard. Thank you for sharing with me. I am here for you.” The first response might leave one feeling dismissed. Why do people respond like that? Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability. 4 The second response, however, might make one feel heard, seen and supported. It shows the listener heard what the other person was saying, understanding and expressing concern. So how do you know what to say or not to say when someone shares something difficult with you? Sometimes, the best thing to do is to sit and listen. Brene Brown, a renowned researcher in this field, says it best: “Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it. 5 ” A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. Passage 2 （2026·北京朝阳·一模） Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. 1 It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant.” Tolerance, at its core, is about bearing something such as a noise or discomfort. Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can “tolerate” someone while still secretly disliking everything about them. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. 2 To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. 3 Ask people what they care about. What they fear. What keeps them up at night. Please don’t ask because it’s the “right” thing to do. Ask because you might find yourself in their answer. Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. 4 In that sense, civility becomes the connective tissue that holds communities together when tolerance alone would let them drift apart. We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. 5 So ask the question that feels too personal. Stay in the room when it gets uncomfortable. Because without this inconvenient curiosity, we would lose control over what it means to be human. A．But inside, you keep people at arm’s length. B．It’s about opening the self to someone else’s world. C．Yet, it feels more like a forced smile than a handshake. D．If we can’t risk a little awkwardness, we end up strangers. E．Listening with curiosity doesn’t mean you have to like everyone. F．It maintains shared life despite difference, not avoiding discomfort. G．However, we need more human moments, the kind you have to work at. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·北京顺义·一模） Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. 1 A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. 2 Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. 3 In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. 4 The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. 5 Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 主题03 人与自我——生活 Passage 1 （2026·北京延庆·一模） Did you make any resolutions this new year? If you did, are you keeping to them? Well done if you are. Polling in America suggests half of new-year resolvers give up by the end of March. 1 . Habitual behaviour emerges in response to dopamine (多巴胺) being produced as a consequence of a certain action. Two brain systems are involved. One, in the basal ganglia (a set of structures deep in the brain’s interior), responds automatically and predictably to certain stimuli. 2 . This will include sub-habits such as “shower”, “make coffee”, “get dressed”, “drive to office” and so on, each with their own triggering stimuli and dopamine reward. 3 . Its dopamine reward comes from a deliberate action being successfully performed. This goal-directed system can override the stimulus-response one. For example, if the radio tells you of a traffic problem, the “drive to office” sub-routine will need conscious modification. 4 . But permanent changes, such as either breaking an old habit or making a new one, are thought to require weakening the stimulus-driven system. In practice, most proven approaches seem to operate on the stimulus-response side of the equation. Deliberate repetition trains the brain so that what was once goal-directed becomes automatic. In the case of driving to work, the incentive to do this is strong (you won’t get paid otherwise). For things more easily abandoned, reinforcement with small rewards works similarly. 5 . Moving house is known to help — though calling in the removal vans is a drastic approach to resolution-keeping. In the end, though, when it comes to habit-formation, good old-fashioned willpower is the way forward. As the old joke has it, “How many psychoanalysts does it take to change a light bulb? Only one, but the light bulb has to really want to change.” A．Small rewards and a change of scenery can help. B．Most habits form precisely because they are helpful. C．The other brain system, which is goal-directed, is located in the cortex (皮层). D．To break an unwanted habit, on the other hand, consider removing familiar stimuli. E．For example, your morning alarm is a stimulus that activates your “getting up” habit. F．For one-off modifications of habits, this arrangement of routine and override works well. G．Studies confirm it takes months for a new behaviour to stick, regardless of when you start. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解七选五 主题01 人与社会——体育与艺术 Passage 1 （2026·北京房山·一模） Positive, everyday actions can make a difference to your brain health. 1 Adopting even a single one can meaningfully improve how you feel. These tips are designed to help you build resilience, find balance, and prioritize what you value most. 2 Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves. But the real benefits come from exercising consistently over time: People who do so have a lower risk of developing depression and dementia. Scientists think that moving your body leads to extra blood flow and chemicals released in the brain, which can help build new connections between neurons. Just as we can train our body for brain health, we can also train our mind to manage emotions. It’s common to feel worried. 3 Research shows that directly dealing with the things that make us anxious can help break a pattern of fear and avoidance. Try to focus on your values instead of those uneasy feelings. You can ask yourself: Was all the time I spent worrying about this problem worth it? How did I navigate my worries and what was the most important thing I learned? Write down your observations so that you can refer back to them if excessive worry resurfaces. Beyond managing internal feelings, our social connections also play a critical role. Experts think that loneliness can trigger the body’s stress response, which increases inflammation. Over time, chronic stress and inflammation can damage brain cells and the connections between them. Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit. 4 In addition, challenging your mind through new activities can keep your brain engaged and growing. 5 This practice may have short-term and long-term benefits for your brain. A．You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic. B．In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly. C．Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain. D．However, these emotional reactions will not disappear on their own. E．Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused. F．Writing down your reflections can help you recognize patterns in your thinking. G．Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍运动、管理情绪、保持社交和挑战新事物等日常行为对大脑健康的积极作用。 1．根据前文“Positive, everyday actions can make a difference to your brain health.(积极的日常行为会对你的大脑健康产生影响。)”以及后文“Adopting even a single one can meaningfully improve how you feel.(即使采用其中一种也能显著改善你的感受。)”可知，前文提出积极的日常行为有益大脑，后文说明践行这些行为的好处，E选项“Developing these tried-and-true practices can help you feel sharp and focused.(养成这些经过验证的习惯能让你思维敏锐、注意力集中。)”承接前后文，符合语境。故选E项。 2．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段主旨句；根据空后的“Immediately after a workout, people tend to report feeling better emotionally, and their performance on tests of working memory and other cognitive functions improves.(锻炼后，人们通常会说情绪变好，工作记忆和其他认知功能测试的表现也会提升。)”可知，本段讲述体育锻炼对大脑的益处，C选项“Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain.(体育活动是你能为大脑做的最好的事情之一。)”能概括本段主题，适合作本段主题句。故选C项。 3．根据前文“It’s common to feel worried.(感到焦虑是很常见的。)”以及后文“Research shows that directly dealing with the things that make us anxious can help break a pattern of fear and avoidance.(研究表明，直接处理让我们焦虑的事情有助于打破恐惧和回避的模式。)”可知，前文提出焦虑情绪，后文建议直接面对焦虑，B选项“In such moments, a good approach is to face your fears directly.(在这种时候，一个好方法是直接面对你的恐惧。)”承接前后文，给出应对焦虑的方法，符合语境。故选B项。 4．根据前文“Simply reaching out to a friend or family member for even a short call can combat loneliness and provide a powerful benefit.(简单地联系朋友或家人，即使是短暂的通话也能缓解孤独，带来显著益处。)”可知，前文说明社交联系的好处，此空为断尾句，总结社交对大脑的保护作用，G选项“Staying socially connected can help protect the brain from these negative effects.(保持社交联系有助于保护大脑免受这些负面影响。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据前文“In addition, challenging your mind through new activities can keep your brain engaged and growing.(此外，通过新活动挑战大脑能让它保持活跃和成长。)”可知，前文建议尝试新活动；A选项“You can learn a practical skill or try something artistic.(你可以学习一项实用技能或尝试一些艺术相关的事情。)”承接前文，举例说明具体的新活动，下文“This practice may have short-term and long-term benefits for your brain.(这种做法可能对你的大脑有短期和长期的好处。)”中的“This practice”指代选项中的“learn a practical skill or try something artistic”。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·北京丰台·一模） Music isn’t just entertainment. It is one of the most accessible and powerful ways to regulate our mental state, yet we continue to underestimate its potential. We already know that music can trigger emotions. 1 In a 2019 study, participants listened to heroic- or sad-sounding music while their minds wandered. The results were striking: uplifting music stirred energising, constructive thoughts, while sad music brought about calmer or more demotivating ones. This influence has consequences for mental health. Our minds frequently wander. We daydream for nearly half the time we are awake, and we are less happy when this happens. 2 Why? Because during these periods, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) takes over. This supports imagination, memory and reflection, but often drifts into negative thought loops. In recent brain-imaging studies, we showed that negative daydreams, especially during sad music, engage the brain’s pain system as well as the DMN. Upsetting thoughts, it turns out, are more than metaphorically painful. 3 Fortunately, the DMN has a natural counterpart: the executive network, which supports focus and goal-directed behaviour. The two systems are anticorrelated, meaning when one is active, the other quiets down. 4 Whether by tapping along to music, breathing in rhythm or humming internally, we redirect attention, disrupt negative thought loops and give our minds a cognitive “reset”. 5 Studies found people who tapped along experienced significantly less physical pain in experiments where a short burst of pressure was applied to their fingernails than those who merely listened. The combination of musical immersion and motor synchronisation (同步) boosted pain-reducing effects to a clinically meaningful degree. These findings suggest that musical engagement is a kind of pleasurable meditation. If music can do all this, it needs to be recognised as far more than a lifestyle accessory. So the next time your stress begins to bite, put on your favourite song. A．It lifts our mood and makes us cry. B．This does more than improve mood. C．And music can shift us into this more adaptive mode. D．They activate the same networks as physical discomfort. E．The DMN also responds to rhythmic physical movement. F．Even, pleasant thoughts don’t improve mood significantly. G．But research suggests it can change the content of our thoughts. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐不仅能触发情绪、改变思维内容，还能通过调节大脑网络来改善心理健康，甚至产生减轻生理疼痛的效果，因此应被视作一种心理调节工具而非单纯的娱乐。 1．前文“We already know that music can trigger emotions. (我们已经知道音乐可以触发情绪。)”提到关于音乐的一个普遍认知，后文“In a 2019 study, participants listened to heroic- or sad-sounding music while their minds wandered. The results were striking: uplifting music stirred energising, constructive thoughts, while sad music brought about calmer or more demotivating ones. (在2019年的一项研究中，参与者在思绪游离时聆听了充满英雄主义色彩或悲伤氛围的音乐。研究结果令人惊讶：振奋人心的音乐能激发积极、建设性的想法，而悲伤的音乐则会带来更平静或更具消极影响的想法。)”描述一项2019年的研究，展示了不同音乐如何引导出不同性质的想法，此处需要一个承上启下的句子。G项“But research suggests it can change the content of our thoughts. (但研究表明，它能够改变我们的想法内容。)”符合语境，将普遍认知引向文章要探讨的更深层、更具体的科学发现。故选G。 2．前文“We daydream for nearly half the time we are awake, and we are less happy when this happens. (我们醒着的时候，有将近一半的时间都在走神，而当这种情况发生时，我们就会变得不那么快乐了。)”指出我们近一半清醒时间在走神，且走神时幸福感更低，后文“Why? Because during these periods, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) takes over. This supports imagination, memory and reflection, but often drifts into negative thought loops. (为什么？因为在这些时间段里，大脑的默认模式网络(DMN)会发挥作用。它有助于发挥想象力、增强记忆和进行反思，但往往会陷入消极的思维循环之中。)”解释了为什么走神会降低幸福感，此处需加强“走神有问题”的论述。F项“Even, pleasant thoughts don’t improve mood significantly. (甚至，愉快的想法也不能显著改善情绪。)”符合语境，指出这种状态本身就会削弱积极情绪，和前文构成递进，引出后文的具体解释。故选F。 3．前文“Upsetting thoughts, it turns out, are more than metaphorically painful. (事实证明，令人不安的想法所带来的痛苦远不止是比喻意义上的那种痛苦。)”指出令人不安的想法产生的痛苦不止于比喻意义，此处需解释这样说的原因。D项“They activate the same networks as physical discomfort. (它们激活与身体不适相同的神经网络。)”符合语境，从科学角度说明这种痛苦在神经层面是真实的，是对前文观点的具体支撑，其中的They指代的是前文的Upsetting thoughts。故选D。 4．前文“Fortunately, the DMN has a natural counterpart: the executive network, which supports focus and goal-directed behaviour. The two systems are anticorrelated, meaning when one is active, the other quiets down. (幸运的是，DMN有一个天然的对应物：执行网络，它支持专注和目标导向行为。这两个系统是呈负相关的，也就是说，当其中一个系统活跃时，另一个系统就会变得安静下来。)”描述两个系统的具体关系，后文“Whether by tapping along to music, breathing in rhythm or humming internally, we redirect attention, disrupt negative thought loops and give our minds a cognitive “reset”. (无论是随着音乐打节拍、跟着节奏呼吸，还是在心里哼唱，我们都能转移注意力、打破消极的思维循环，并让大脑得到一次认知上的“重启”。)”列举了通过音乐来转移注意力、打破消极思维循环的方法，此处需将“执行网络”与“音乐干预”连接起来。C项“And music can shift us into this more adaptive mode. (而音乐能够将我们带入这种更具适应性的状态。)”符合语境，引出后文的具体做法，其中的this more adaptive mode指代的是前文的the executive network。故选C。 5．后文“Studies found people who tapped along experienced significantly less physical pain in experiments where a short burst of pressure was applied to their fingernails than those who merely listened. (研究发现，在对指甲施加短时间压力的实验中，那些跟着节奏打节拍的人相比那些只是单纯聆听的人，所感受到的身体疼痛要轻得多。实验中对他们的指甲施加了一短暂的压力。)”介绍研究发现，表明音乐互动带来减轻身体疼痛的益处，此处需概括下文的研究发现。B项“This does more than improve mood. (这不仅仅是改善情绪。)”符合语境，引出后文更具体的实证发现。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·北京东城·一模） Human history could be told as the story of seeing. Each invention that sharpened our vision extended the reach of perception and redrew the borders of the known. When a Dutch craftsman fitted two lenses (镜片) into a tube in 1608, he did not simply enlarge distant objects; he expanded the human mind. From that moment, observation stopped to be passive. 1 As centuries unfolded, the instruments of observation multiplied: microscopes, cameras, telescopes, sensors, and finally, algorithms. Each revealed a new layer of reality — the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe. 2 To see was to know; To measure was to exist. Observation drew the outlines of science, yet it also defined our sense of self, for every discovery beyond the human scale reminded us how small we are. 3 The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable. The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant. 4 The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face. And now, machines have begun to see for us. Satellites watch the weather; neural networks watch the world. They identify patterns invisible to human eyes — the movements of universe, the signatures of disease, the habits of a city. 5 The universe may be infinite, but so too is the human desire to understand what it means to look. A．Seeing is no longer believing. B．We no longer merely looked — we searched. C．The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy. D．The ultimate horizon of observation is out there among the stars. E．The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity. F．Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous. G．The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以“观看”为线索，阐述了从望远镜发明到人工智能时代，人类观察方式的演变及其对认知、科学和自我认知的深远影响。 1．上文“From that moment, observation stopped to be passive.(从那一刻起，观察不再是被动的)”指出望远镜的发明使观察由被动变为主动，B选项“We no longer merely looked — we searched.(我们不再仅仅是看——我们开始探索)”承接上文，进一步解释“不再被动”的含义，即从简单的“看”升级为有目的的“探索”，其中“no longer merely looked”与上文的“stopped to be passive”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 2．上文“Each revealed a new layer of reality — the infinitesimal cell, the atom, the DNA helix, the universe.(每一种工具都揭示了一个新的现实层面——微小的细胞、原子、DNA双螺旋、宇宙)”列举了不同观察工具带来的发现，C选项“The act of looking became both a discipline and a philosophy.(观察行为既成为一门学科，也成为了一种哲学)”承接上文，总结说明观察行为升华到了学科和哲学的高度；下文“To see was to know; To measure was to exist.(看见即认知；测量即存在)”进一步阐释观察作为学科和哲学的内涵，上下文逻辑一致。故选C项。 3．下文“The internet made observers of everyone, yet it also made us observable.(互联网让每个人都成为观察者，但也让我们变得可被观察)”描述了互联网时代观察的双向性——人人既在观察也在被观察，这体现了观察的网络化特征，E选项“The 20th century transformed the act of looking into a networked activity.(20世纪将观察行为转变为一种网络化活动)”准确概括了本段主旨，指出观察在20世纪演变为网络化活动，与下文描述的互联网时代观察方式相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 4．上文“The gaze (注视) turned inward and outward at once: we became data points, recording and being recorded in the same instant.(目光同时向内和向外：我们成为数据点，在同一瞬间记录着也被记录着)”描述了观察的双向性和数据化，G选项“The telescope’s lens and the smartphone’s camera are now part of the same global system of seeing.(望远镜的镜片和智能手机的摄像头现在属于同一个全球观察系统)”承接上文，指出不同时代的观察工具已融入同一个全球观察系统，其中“same global system of seeing”与上文的网络化观察相呼应；下文“The system extends from the depths of space to the finest details of a face.(这个系统从太空深处延伸到面部最细微的细节)”进一步说明该系统的覆盖范围，与G选项中的“global system”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 5．上文“And now, machines have begun to see for us. Satellites watch the weather; neural networks watch the world. They identify patterns invisible to human eyes...(而现在，机器已经开始替我们观察。卫星观测天气；神经网络观察世界。它们识别出人眼看不见的模式……)”描述了机器观察的自动化、持续性和全面性，F选项“Observation, once an act of curiosity, has become continuous, all-around, and autonomous.(观察，曾经是一种好奇心驱使的行为，如今已变得持续、全面且自主)”承接上文，总结说明现代观察方式的新特征——持续、全面、自主，与上文描述的卫星和神经网络观察方式相呼应，上下文逻辑一致。故选F项。 Passage 2 （2026·北京门头沟·一模） Over the summer, Ohio State University announced a new initiative promising to “integrate AI education into the core of every undergraduate curriculum.” Similar initiatives are being rolled out at other universities. 1 Based on the available evidence, the skills that future graduates will most need in the AI era are precisely those that are likely to be weakened by inserting AI into the educational process. Students must be able to ask AI questions, critically analyze its written responses, identify possible weaknesses or inaccuracies, and integrate new information with existing knowledge. Each of these skills comes from years of sustained educational development. 2 “I find that careful use of AI helps me at work, but that is because I completed my education decades ago and have been actively studying ever since,” the sociologist Gabriel Rossman has written. “My accumulated knowledge gives me inspiration for new research questions and techniques.” Will the AI-integrated education develop these skills? 3 For example, a team of scientists at MIT recently divided subjects into three groups and asked them to write a number of short essays over the course of several months. The first group used ChatGPT to assist its writing, the second used Google Search, and the third used no technology. They found that the subjects that used ChatGPT produced vague, poorly reasoned essays and showed the lowest levels of brain activity. 4 Other studies have found a negative correlation between AI use and cognitive abilities. 5 The most responsible way for colleges to prepare students for the future is to teach AI skills only after building a solid foundation of basic cognitive (认知的) ability and advanced disciplinary knowledge. A．This is how innovation happens. B．These findings raise serious doubts about the push. C．A growing body of research suggests that it will not. D．We should engage in cautious and reasoned thinking. E．Some experts argue for a complete ban on AI in educational settings. F．But such policies represent a dangerously rapid and uninformed response to the technology. G．They tended to compose their work simply by cutting and pasting (粘贴) material from other sources. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨高校将AI融入课程的举措，指出其可能削弱核心能力，呼吁理性谨慎推行AI教育。 1．根据前文“Over the summer, Ohio State University announced a new initiative promising to “integrate AI education into the core of every undergraduate curriculum.” Similar initiatives are being rolled out at other universities. (今年夏天，俄亥俄州立大学宣布了一项新计划，承诺将‘人工智能教育融入每一门本科课程的核心’。其他大学也在推出类似的举措。)”可知，前文介绍多所高校推行AI融入课程的政策，此空应表达对该政策的负面看法，F选项“But such policies represent a dangerously rapid and uninformed response to the technology.(但此类政策是对这项技术仓促且盲目、充满危险的应对。)”转折指出政策问题，符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据前文“Each of these skills comes from years of sustained educational development.(这些能力都来自多年持续的教育培养。)”以及后文社会学家凭借积累的知识获得研究灵感的例子可知，积累知识能催生创新，A选项“This is how innovation happens.(创新就是这样产生的。)”承接前后文，符合语境。故选A项。 3．根据前文“Will the AI-integrated education develop these skills?(融入人工智能的教育能培养这些能力吗？)”以及后文MIT的研究结果可知，研究表明答案是否定的，C选项“A growing body of research suggests that it will not.(越来越多的研究表明不能。)”回答前文设问，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据前文“They found that the subjects that used ChatGPT produced vague, poorly reasoned essays and showed the lowest levels of brain activity. (他们发现，使用ChatGPT的受试者写出的文章含糊不清、推理薄弱，且大脑活动水平最低。)”可知，前文说明使用AI写文章的问题，此空应解释具体表现，G选项“They tended to compose their work simply by cutting and pasting (粘贴) material from other sources. (他们往往只是简单剪切粘贴其他来源的内容来完成写作。)”承接前文，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据后文“The most responsible way for colleges to prepare students for the future is to teach AI skills only after building a solid foundation of basic cognitive (认知的) ability and advanced disciplinary knowledge. (大学为学生未来做准备的最负责任方式，是在打下扎实的基础认知能力和高级专业知识后再教授人工智能技能。)”可知，后文提出理性谨慎的做法，D选项“We should engage in cautious and reasoned thinking.(我们应该进行谨慎且理性的思考。)”引出后文建议，符合语境。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·一模） Many teenagers promise themselves they’ll go to sleep early, yet still stay up scrolling (浏览) their phones in the dark. As minutes turn into an hour, messages, short videos and games keep their brains awake. 1 Blue light from the screen slows the release of sleep hormones (荷尔蒙), and worries from social media can follow you into your dreams. The habit can be changed with a few simple steps. Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you. 2 After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music. Keeping your hands busy with offline activities makes it easier to forget about checking your phone again. Understand why you reach for your phone. 3 Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework. Once you name the true reason, you can look for healthier ways to deal with it, such as talking to someone you trust. Make nights something to look forward to. Plan a small treat, like enjoying a cup of warm milk or doing a short relaxation exercise. You could also keep a grateful list and add three good things that happened that day. 4 When your brain connects bedtime with comfort instead of stress, the pull of the phone grows weaker. 5 Instead, by practising these ideas, you can protect your sleep, care for your mental health, and wake up with more energy for the next day. A．You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life. B．Without strict requirements, you may stay up all night long. C．Of course, you shouldn’t completely give up smartphones to sleep well. D．Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep. E．Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy. F．Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen. G．Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对青少年“承诺早睡却仍熬夜刷手机”的普遍问题，从危害分析到解决方案，给出了一套可操作的改善方法。 1．空格前“As minutes turn into an hour, messages, short videos and games keep their brains awake.(随着时间从分钟变成小时，消息、短视频和游戏让他们的大脑保持清醒)”提到青少年熬夜刷手机的行为。空格后“Blue light from the screen slows the release of sleep hormones (荷尔蒙), and worries from social media can follow you into your dreams.(屏幕发出的蓝光会减缓睡眠荷尔蒙的释放，社交媒体带来的担忧会伴随你进入梦乡)”说明这种行为的具体危害。E选项“Over time, this late-night scrolling quietly steals both your rest and your energy.(久而久之，这种深夜刷手机的行为会悄悄偷走你的休息和精力)”既承接了前文的行为描述，又能自然引出后文的危害说明，完美串联起上下文逻辑。故选E项。 2．空格前“Build a phone-free wind-down time. Avoid lying in bed with your phone beside you.(建立一个无手机的放松时间。避免躺在床上时把手机放在身边)”提出要在睡前远离手机的建议。空格后“After that, you might read a paper book, write in a diary, or simply listen to soft music.(在那之后，你可以读一本纸质书、写日记，或者只是听轻柔的音乐)”给出了睡前无手机时间的具体活动。D选项“Set a clear “screen-off” time, such as 30 minutes before you plan to sleep.(设定一个明确的“屏幕关闭”时间，比如计划睡觉前30分钟)”中的““screen-off” time”正好呼应了前文的“phone-free wind-down time”，同时为后文的“After that”提供了明确的时间节点，让建议更具可操作性。故选D项。 3．空格前“Understand why you reach for your phone.(弄清楚你为什么要拿起手机)”提出要找到熬夜刷手机的原因。空格后“Maybe you are afraid of missing out on news from friends, or maybe you are putting off thinking about homework.(也许你害怕错过朋友的消息，也许你在回避思考作业)”给出了两种可能的原因。F选项“Ask yourself what you are really looking for when you keep refreshing the screen.(问问自己，当你不断刷新屏幕时，你真正在寻找什么)”是对前文“弄清楚原因”的具体方法指导，同时能自然引出后文的原因举例，符合段落逻辑。故选F项。 4．空格前“You could also keep a grateful list and add three good things that happened that day.(你也可以列一份感恩清单，写下当天发生的三件好事)”建议通过记录积极事物来改善睡前习惯。G选项“Focusing on these pleasant moments gently moves your attention away from the screen.(专注于这些愉快的时刻，会逐渐将你的注意力从屏幕上移开)”中的“these pleasant moments”指代前文的“three good things that happened that day”，解释了记录积极事物的作用，与空格后“When your brain connects bedtime with comfort instead of stress, the pull of the phone grows weaker.(当你的大脑将 bedtime与舒适而非压力联系起来时，手机的吸引力就会减弱)”形成逻辑上的递进关系，让段落主旨更完整。故选G项。 5．空格后“Instead, by practising these ideas, you can protect your sleep, care for your mental health, and wake up with more energy for the next day.(相反，通过实践这些方法，你可以保护你的睡眠，关心你的心理健康，第二天醒来时更有精力)”给出了积极的结果。A选项“You don’t have to let late-night scrolling control your life.(你不必让深夜刷手机控制你的生活)”既承接了前文对熬夜刷手机问题的讨论，又能自然引出后文的解决方案和积极结果，与“Instead”形成完美的转折关系。故选A项。 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·北京海淀·一模） How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 1 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 2 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. 3 Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in. Imagine sharing something sad with a friend: “I studied so hard for the math exam, but I still failed it.” Consider these two potential responses and how they would make you feel. “Oh well, I’m glad I’m not the one taking that exam. Want to hang out?” “That must be so hard. Thank you for sharing with me. I am here for you.” The first response might leave one feeling dismissed. Why do people respond like that? Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability. 4 The second response, however, might make one feel heard, seen and supported. It shows the listener heard what the other person was saying, understanding and expressing concern. So how do you know what to say or not to say when someone shares something difficult with you? Sometimes, the best thing to do is to sit and listen. Brene Brown, a renowned researcher in this field, says it best: “Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it. 5 ” A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．E 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了积极倾听与共情在沟通中的重要性，通过对比不同回应方式，说明共情倾听能让人感到被理解、被支持，并阐释了共情倾听的核心内涵。 1．根据上文“How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say?(你有多少次在和别人交谈时，等着对方停下，好让你说出自己想说的话？)”可知，前文描述了一种常见的无效沟通场景，说明自己想说话，希望对方听，空处需要进一步补充这种心态。G选项(你甚至可能期待对方完全专注倾听你要说的内容。)承接上文的内心想法，与后文“只想着如何回应”形成呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening.(积极倾听包括眼神交流，以及表明你在倾听的语言和非语言反馈。)”可知，前文介绍积极倾听的表现，空处需要具体举例说明。B选项(这些包括点头、确认以及提出澄清问题。)具体列举了积极倾听的行为表现，对上文进行解释说明，符合语境。故选B项。 3．根据下文“Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in.(有勇气向他人分享内心想法是一种脆弱的状态。)”可知，本段围绕“向他人倾诉”展开。E选项(每个人都希望在说出自己的想法和感受时被理解。)引出倾诉者的心理需求，总领本段内容，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据上文“Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability.(也许这种回应源于倾听者听到触及自身恐惧或脆弱的内容而感到不适。)”可知，前文分析了第一种敷衍回应的原因，空处需要进一步说明倾听者的心理。F选项(倾听者可能想结束这段对话，转向更安全的话题。)承接上文倾听者的不适心理，解释其转移话题的动机，符合语境。故选F项。 5．根据上文“Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it.(共情是一种奇妙而强大的东西。它没有固定脚本，也没有所谓正确或错误的方式。)”可知，前文总结共情没有固定模式，空处需要点明共情的本质。D选项(它只是倾听、不做评判，并在情感上产生联结。)精准概括共情倾听的核心，与上文观点一致，符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·北京朝阳·一模） Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. 1 It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant.” Tolerance, at its core, is about bearing something such as a noise or discomfort. Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can “tolerate” someone while still secretly disliking everything about them. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. 2 To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. 3 Ask people what they care about. What they fear. What keeps them up at night. Please don’t ask because it’s the “right” thing to do. Ask because you might find yourself in their answer. Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. 4 In that sense, civility becomes the connective tissue that holds communities together when tolerance alone would let them drift apart. We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. 5 So ask the question that feels too personal. Stay in the room when it gets uncomfortable. Because without this inconvenient curiosity, we would lose control over what it means to be human. A．But inside, you keep people at arm’s length. B．It’s about opening the self to someone else’s world. C．Yet, it feels more like a forced smile than a handshake. D．If we can’t risk a little awkwardness, we end up strangers. E．Listening with curiosity doesn’t mean you have to like everyone. F．It maintains shared life despite difference, not avoiding discomfort. G．However, we need more human moments, the kind you have to work at. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“包容”展开论述，指出包容多是被动忍耐，继而倡导用好奇心与礼貌友善构建人与人之间真正的联结。 1．上文“Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. (包容常常被称赞为一种美德。)”说明包容被视为一种美德，下文“It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant”. (这就像是在与一个你不想与之交谈的人进行一场不愉快的对话时屏住呼吸。不过，你还是这么做了，因为你试图表现得“包容”。)”说明包容更像是一种被迫的行为，C项“然而，它更像是一个强颜欢笑而不是握手。”与上文构成转折，指出包容虽然被称赞，但往往是一种勉强的表面行为，引出下文对包容本质的进一步描述，符合语境。故选C。 2．上文“Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. (一些你想摆脱却无法摆脱的东西，所以你学会了忍受它。这并不是建立人际关系的基础。你可能会多年都觉得自己是个好人，因为自己一直努力克制着，没有爆发，没有生气，也没有把内心深处的想法大声说出来。)”说明人们的宽容只是表面上的忍耐，并因此而自认为是个好人，A项“但在内心深处，你与人保持距离。”承接上文，指出尽管表面上忍耐，但内心可能并不真正接受或喜欢对方，形成转折关系，与上文“not exactly a warm foundation for human connection”相呼应。故选A。 3．上文“To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. (为了弥补包容所隐含的距离，研究人员建议转向好奇——愿意通过了解他人来改变自己。)”说明为了弥补包容的不足，研究者建议转向好奇，B项“它是关于向另一个人的世界敞开心扉。”承接上文，进一步解释好奇的含义，即愿意了解并接受他人的世界，引出后文主动了解他人的具体做法。符合语境。故选B。 4．上文“Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. (此外，研究人员提倡礼貌以建立一个更有联系的社会。与仅仅是忍耐的包容不同，礼貌是一种基于相互尊重的社会价值观。它涉及积极的道德参与，即使在分歧中也愿意以尊严对待他人。)”说明礼貌与包容不同，它基于相互尊重，涉及积极的道德参与，F项“它尽管存在分歧，但仍能维持共同生活，而不是避免不适。”承接上文，进一步解释礼貌的含义，即尽管存在分歧，但仍能保持共同生活，符合语境。故选F。 5．上文“We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. (如果我们逃避到礼貌的面具下，我们就无法作为一个正常运转的社会生存下去。一个避免不适的文化是一个停止成长的文化。)”说明逃避不适和伪装礼貌会阻碍社会的成长，D项“如果我们不能冒一点尴尬的风险，我们最终会成为陌生人。”承接上文，阐述回避不适的后果，指出如果不能面对尴尬和不适，人与人之间的关系将会变得疏远，引出引出后文的具体做法建议，符合语境。故选D。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·北京顺义·一模） Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. 1 A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. 2 Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. 3 In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. 4 The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. 5 Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比有机农业与传统农业的利弊，指出纯有机农业无法养活全球人口，介绍了兼顾产量与环保的低投入综合农业模式，并给出理性发展农业的观点。 1．上文“Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. (有机农业通常被认为是绿色的，对自然有益。相比之下，传统农业被认为是庞大而糟糕的。)”说明了人们对有机农业和传统农业的普遍看法，下文“A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. (研究人员预测，全面转向有机农业将使数十亿人挨饿。)”则指出了全面转向有机农业的负面后果，空格处承上启下，F项“Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. (然而，科学家们发现有机农业并不像看上去那么环保。)”符合语境，既承接了上文对有机农业的正面看法，又引出了下文对其负面影响的讨论。故选F。 2．上文“A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. (研究人员预测，全面转向有机农业将使数十亿人挨饿。)”指出了全面转向有机农业的负面后果，下文“Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. (有机农业的产量通常比传统农业低25%。)”则进一步解释了原因，即有机农业的产量较低，空格处承上启下，G项“Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. (具体来说，产量是有机农业不足的一个关键方面。)”符合语境，进一步强调了有机农业在产量方面的不足。故选G。 3．上文“Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. (得出结论认为有机农业无法养活全球不断增长的人口的研究人员也认识到，传统农业也不能继续这样下去。)”指出了有机农业和传统农业都存在的问题，下文“In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. (在实验中，他们正在测试一种综合方法，将有机农业的绿色理念与少量化肥和严格针对性的化学处理相结合，在需要时应用——这种方法被称为低投入农业。)”则介绍了科学家提出的解决方案，空格处承上启下，B项“So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. (因此，科学家们正在加倍努力走中间路线。)”符合语境，引出了下文对低投入综合农业方法的介绍。故选B。 4．上文“Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. (研究表明，低投入综合农业对产量和环境都很有成效。经过八年的实验，科学家们报告了多年轮作系统的有希望的结果。作物每两到四年轮换一次，并评估产量。随着轮作次数的增加，产量也在增加。)”介绍了低投入综合农业方法的成效，下文“The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. (在低投入玉米田中，除草剂对淡水生态系统的潜在危害比传统玉米田低99.9%。)”则进一步说明了该方法对环境的益处，A项“This strategy also had environmental benefits. (这种策略也有环境效益。)”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 5．下文“Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. (有机农业在局部范围内很重要，但仅靠有机农业无法养活全世界。一个更现实的目标是扩大有机农田，同时使其余农田建立在更可持续的基础上。目前，研究正在通过加深我们对生态友好型农业真正含义的理解而取得进展。)”总结了全文，强调了有机农业在局部范围内的重要性以及未来农业发展的方向，空格处位于段首，应引出下文内容，D项“None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. (这一切并不意味着人们应该停止购买有机农产品。)”符合语境，既承认了有机农业存在的问题，又强调了其重要性，与下文内容相呼应。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——生活 Passage 1 （2026·北京延庆·一模） Did you make any resolutions this new year? If you did, are you keeping to them? Well done if you are. Polling in America suggests half of new-year resolvers give up by the end of March. 1 . Habitual behaviour emerges in response to dopamine (多巴胺) being produced as a consequence of a certain action. Two brain systems are involved. One, in the basal ganglia (a set of structures deep in the brain’s interior), responds automatically and predictably to certain stimuli. 2 . This will include sub-habits such as “shower”, “make coffee”, “get dressed”, “drive to office” and so on, each with their own triggering stimuli and dopamine reward. 3 . Its dopamine reward comes from a deliberate action being successfully performed. This goal-directed system can override the stimulus-response one. For example, if the radio tells you of a traffic problem, the “drive to office” sub-routine will need conscious modification. 4 . But permanent changes, such as either breaking an old habit or making a new one, are thought to require weakening the stimulus-driven system. In practice, most proven approaches seem to operate on the stimulus-response side of the equation. Deliberate repetition trains the brain so that what was once goal-directed becomes automatic. In the case of driving to work, the incentive to do this is strong (you won’t get paid otherwise). For things more easily abandoned, reinforcement with small rewards works similarly. 5 . Moving house is known to help — though calling in the removal vans is a drastic approach to resolution-keeping. In the end, though, when it comes to habit-formation, good old-fashioned willpower is the way forward. As the old joke has it, “How many psychoanalysts does it take to change a light bulb? Only one, but the light bulb has to really want to change.” A．Small rewards and a change of scenery can help. B．Most habits form precisely because they are helpful. C．The other brain system, which is goal-directed, is located in the cortex (皮层). D．To break an unwanted habit, on the other hand, consider removing familiar stimuli. E．For example, your morning alarm is a stimulus that activates your “getting up” habit. F．For one-off modifications of habits, this arrangement of routine and override works well. G．Studies confirm it takes months for a new behaviour to stick, regardless of when you start. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨新年决心难坚持的原因，介绍习惯形成机制及养成新习惯的方法。 1．前文“Polling in America suggests half of new-year resolvers give up by the end of March. (美国的民意调查显示，一半立下新年决心的人在三月末就会放弃。)”提到新年决心难以坚持的普遍现象。后文“Habitual behaviour emerges in response to dopamine being produced as a consequence of a certain action. (习惯行为是作为某项行动的结果产生的多巴胺的反应而出现的。)”转而开始科学解释习惯的形成。G选项“Studies confirm it takes months for a new behaviour to stick, regardless of when you start. (研究证实，无论你何时开始，一个新行为都需要数月才能巩固。)”承接前文的“放弃”现象，并引出后文关于习惯形成所需时间的科学解释，逻辑衔接紧密。故选G项。 2．前文“One, in the basal ganglia (a set of structures deep in the brain’s interior), responds automatically and predictably to certain stimuli. (其中一个位于基底神经节（大脑内部深处的一组结构），会自动且有规律地对某些刺激做出反应。)”描述了第一个大脑系统的运作方式。E选项“For example, your morning alarm is a stimulus that activates your “getting up” habit (例如，你早上的闹钟就是一个激活你“起床”习惯的刺激。)”用for example对前文的抽象概念进行具体举例说明，使描述更清晰易懂。故选E项。 3．前文介绍了第一个大脑系统（基底节，负责刺激-反应）。空处后文“Its dopamine reward comes from a deliberate action being successfully performed. (它的多巴胺奖励来自于成功执行一个有意识的动作。)”开始描述第二个系统的特征（有意识行为带来奖励）。C选项“The other brain system, which is goal-directed, is located in the cortex. (另一个大脑系统是目标导向的，位于皮层。)”承接前文，引出第二个系统，并点明其位置和性质，与后文对其“目标导向”特征的描述完美衔接。故选C项。 4．前文“For example, if the radio tells you of a traffic problem, the “drive to office” sub-routine will need conscious modification. (例如，如果收音机播报交通问题，“开车上班”的子程序就需要有意识地修改。)”举例说明了目标导向系统如何临时覆盖习惯系统。后文“But permanent changes, such as either breaking an old habit or making a new one, are thought to require weakening the stimulus-driven system. (但永久性的改变，比如打破一个旧习惯或养成一个新习惯，被认为需要削弱刺激驱动系统。)”转而讨论永久性改变需要不同的机制。F选项“For one-off modifications of habits, this arrangement of routine and override works well. (对于习惯的一次性修改，这种常规程序与有意识覆盖的配合运作良好。)”中的“one-off modifications”精准概括了前文的临时调整例子，而“works well”与后文的“But”形成转折，引出永久改变的不同要求，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F项。 5．前文“For things more easily abandoned, reinforcement with small rewards works similarly. (对于那些更容易放弃的事情，用小奖励来强化也同样有效。)”提到了用正面奖励巩固新习惯的方法，暗示这是“建立新习惯”的策略。后文“Moving house is known to help — though calling in the removal vans is a drastic approach to resolution-keeping. (众所周知，搬家会有帮助——尽管叫来搬家的货车对于坚持决心来说是一种极端的做法。)”提到了改变环境（搬家）对坚持决心有帮助。D选项“To break an unwanted habit, on the other hand, consider removing familiar stimuli. (另一方面，要打破一个不想要的习惯，可以考虑移除熟悉的刺激。)”中的“on the other hand”与上文形成转折对比，将话题从“建立新习惯”转向“打破旧习惯”，而“removing familiar stimuli”与后文的“搬家”这一改变环境、移除旧刺激的例子完美呼应。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $