Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（人教版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 I remember a typhoon (台风) which came when I was ten years old. It was on Tuesday. That day, our family heard the news over the radio. After hearing the news, my mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father was checking (检查) our house to make sure it was safe while I was taking the clothes into the house. After my mother came back, I helped her cook in the kitchen. My father put pieces of wood over the windows before strong winds came. At about nine o’clock in the evening, the wind began to blow strongly outside. After a while, it began to rain heavily. I was very scared! “Would my windows be broken? Would my bed get wet?” I thought. After thinking for some time, I fell asleep. When I woke up, it was still raining and the wind was blowing. At about 11:00 a.m. the next day, the wind began to die down. At 1:00 p.m., the typhoon finally went away. My father checked our house with me. The typhoon was really strong, but there was almost no loss (损失) in our house! My father told me, “That’s because we prepared very well.” 1．How did the writer’s family get the news about the typhoon? A．By watching TV. B．By reading newspapers. C．By listening to the radio. D．By getting an email. 2．What did the writer’s father do before the strong winds came? A．He bought food and water. B．He put pieces of wood over the windows. C．He helped cook in the kitchen. D．He took the clothes into the house. 3．Why did the writer fall asleep during the typhoon? A．Because he felt very tired. B．Because he stopped feeling scared. C．Because he thought for some time and then slept. D．Because the wind and rain stopped at once. 4．When did the typhoon go away? A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday. C．On Thursday. D．On Friday. 5．What can we know from the text? A．The writer was not afraid of the typhoon. B．The writer’s mother checked their house after the typhoon. C．The writer lost his house because of the typhoon. D．The writer’s family prepared well for the typhoon. Nature’s temper can bring different weather. Sometimes there is too much rain, and we have floods. Sometimes there is too little rain, and we have droughts. Floods can carry away trees and houses. People must move to high places quickly. Droughts make the land dry and crops die. We cannot change nature, but we can prepare for it. We can save water, listen to warnings and help each other. When we respect nature, we can live safely and peacefully. 1．What is this passage about? A．How to plant crops B．Nature’s bad temper C．How to travel safely D．Different animals 2．What may too much rain bring? A．Droughts. B．Floods. C．Cold days. D．Strong winds. 3．What happens in a drought? A．Crops die. B．Trees grow fast. C．Rivers become full. D．Houses fall down. 4．What can we do to prepare for nature’s temper? A．Waste more water. B．Go out to play. C．Listen to warnings. D．Cut down more trees. 5．What does the writer want to tell us? A．We should fight with nature. B．We should respect and prepare for nature. C．Nature is always kind to people. D．We don’t need to care about nature. Emergency Preparation Tips Natural disasters can happen anytime. Being prepared can save your life. Here are some tips from the Red Cross: Tip 1: Make an Emergency Kit Your kit should include: • Water (one gallon per person per day for three days) • Food (non-perishable food that lasts for three days) • Flashlight and extra batteries • First-aid kit • Whistle to signal for help • Dust masks to help filter dirty air • Important documents (IDs, insurance papers) in a waterproof bag Tip 2: Make a Family Plan • Talk with your family about what to do in different situations. • Choose two places to meet: one near your home and one outside your neighborhood. • Pick a friend or relative in another town to be your family contact. Everyone should call this person to say they are safe. • Practice your plan at least twice a year. Tip 3: Stay Informed • Learn what disasters can happen in your area. • Sign up for local emergency alerts (警报) on your phone. • Listen to the radio or TV for news and instructions. 1．What should be included in an emergency kit? a. Water and food.   b. Flashlight and batteries.   c. Toys and games.   d. Important documents. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 2．How often should families practice their emergency plan? A．Once a year. B．Twice a year. C．Three times a year. D．Every month. 3．What is a “family contact” according to the text? A．A person who lives nearby. B．A friend or relative in another town. C．A neighbor who can help. D．A local firefighter. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．You only need one gallon of water for one person. B．You should keep important documents in a waterproof bag. C．You don’t need to know what disasters can happen in your area. D．You should practice your plan every week. 5．What kind of text is this? A．A news report. B．A safety guide. C．A personal story. D．A school notice. What is a drought (干旱)? A drought is a long period of time when there is little or no rain. It can last for weeks, months, or even years. Droughts are one of the most dangerous natural disasters because they affect large areas and can last a long time. When a drought happens, rivers and lakes dry up. Crops cannot grow without water. Farmers lose their harvest, and food becomes more expensive. Animals suffer too. They may not find enough water to drink or grass to eat. Droughts can also cause other problems. Without water, the ground becomes very dry. This can lead to dust storms. Dry conditions also make wildfires more likely to start and spread quickly. What causes droughts? Sometimes droughts happen because of changes in weather patterns. For example, El Niño (厄尔尼诺现象) can cause some parts of the world to become much drier than normal. Climate change is also making droughts more common and more severe in many places. What can we do to help? Everyone can save water at home. Take shorter showers. Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth. Fix leaks (漏水) quickly. Collect rainwater for plants. These small actions can make a big difference when every drop counts. Scientists are also working to predict droughts better. With better predictions, farmers can prepare and governments can make plans to share water more fairly. 1．What is the right order of how a drought causes problems? a. Rivers and lakes dry up.   b. Crops cannot grow.   c. There is little or no rain for a long time. A．a-b-c B．c-a-b C．b-c-a D．c-b-a 2．What can El Niño cause according to the text? A．More rain in all places. B．Drier conditions in some places. C．Colder weather everywhere. D．More snow in winter. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 5? A．By telling a story. B．By explaining reasons. C．By giving suggestions. D．By asking questions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports News. B．Weather & Environment. C．Entertainment. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Predict the Weather B．Understanding Droughts C．The Importance of Rain D．Saving Water at Home 1．What is safe to use during a thunderstorm? A．Radios. B．Corded telephones. C．Computers. D．Mobile phones. 2．What should we do first during a thunderstorm? A．Find a safe shelter. B．Power off mobile phones. C．Protect ears from loud thunder. D．Stay away from metal objects. 3．Which of the following is the best shelter during a thunderstorm? A．A tall tree in an open field. B．A small tent on the grass. C．A closed-window car. D．A bus stop with a metal roof. 4．A family camping in an open area meets a thunderstorm. What should they do? A．Stand together under the tallest tree. B．Crouch low with their heels together. C．Keep their feet touching the ground. D．Stay out and lie down on the ground. 5．Where might we read this passage? A．On a weather website. B．In a travel magazine. C．In a sports newspaper. D．In a museum guidebook. 进阶拓展训练5篇 Global warming is making natural disasters more frequent and intense（严重的）by changing the Earth’s climate. To begin with, extreme（极端的）weather events are happening more often. Heatwaves, wildfires and droughts are getting worse in some places. And in other places, hotter air holds more water. That can cause heavier rain, more floods, stronger hurricanes and typhoons. What’s more, global warming is causing sea levels to rise. Melting（融化的）ice is causing oceans to rise faster-about 4.5 mm per year. This means there will be more floods in coastal areas. By 2100, up to 287 million people might be at the risk of losing their homes. Warming also causes other problems. For example, after wildfires, rain can turn the burned soil into deadly mudslides（滑坡).Melting glaciers（冰川）can cause sudden floods. All these may bring danger to people’s lives and damage roads and buildings. Animals and plants are in danger, too. If the world’s temperature rises by 2℃, many insects and plants could die out. Crops like corn and wheat may also have lower yields（产量）. ▲ By planting trees, using less energy, and reducing waste, we can all help cool our planet. 1．What does the underlined phrase（词组）“more frequent” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．more helpless B．more common C．more easy D．more harmful 2．How does the writer develop his ideas in Paragraph 3? A．By making a comparison. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By giving an example. 3．Which of the following sentences can we put in ▲ ? A．Let’s plant trees to slow global warming. B．Can we do something against global warming? C．What can we do to help slow global warming? D．Reducing waste can help slow global warming. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How to stay safe during global warming. B．Effects of global warming. C．Different kinds of natural disasters. D．How to fight against global warming. Can animals predict earthquakes? This question has interested scientists for a long time. Many stories from around the world suggest that animals act strangely before an earthquake hits. One famous example happened in China in 1975. In the city of Haicheng, people noticed many animals behaving unusually. Snakes came out of their holes in the middle of winter. Normally, snakes hibernate (冬眠) during cold weather, so this was very strange. Chickens refused to go into their coops (鸡笼). Dogs barked for no reason. Cows and horses seemed nervous and tried to break free from their fences. Because of these signs, the government ordered people to leave their homes. Just hours later, a huge earthquake struck the city. Many buildings fell down, but most people were safe because they had already moved outside. This event made people believe that animals really can sense when a disaster is coming. Scientists have several ideas about how animals might do this. Some think animals can feel small shaking in the ground that humans cannot feel. Others believe animals can sense changes in the air or in gases that come out of the ground before an earthquake. Animals also have much better hearing than humans, so they might hear sounds that we cannot hear. However, not all scientists agree that animals can predict earthquakes. They say that animals act strangely for many different reasons. Sometimes what looks like a warning sign is just normal animal behavior. More research is needed to understand this mystery. 1．What is the right order of what happened in Haicheng in 1975? a. A huge earthquake struck the city. b. People noticed animals behaving strangely. c. The government ordered people to leave their homes. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-a-b D．b-a-c 2．Why do some scientists think animals can sense earthquakes? A．Animals are smarter than humans. B．Animals can feel small shaking or sense changes in gases. C．Animals always act strangely for no reason. D．Animals have lived on Earth for a long time. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By explaining reasons. D．By asking questions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports News. B．Science & Nature. C．Health & Life. D．Travel & Culture. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Haicheng Earthquake B．How to Protect Yourself in an Earthquake C．Can Animals Predict Earthquakes? D．Strange Animal Behavior ①Typhoon Yagi, Asia’s most powerful storm this year, has killed hundreds of people since September 1st, 2024. After hitting the Philippines, it swept across southern China and parts of Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos. To stay safe, we need to know more about typhoons. ②Typhoons are strong winds that come from the sea. The typhoon season usually starts from July to September. When the sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it makes the air rise. This creates a low-pressure (低压) area. The air around moves in to fill the space, and it also rises. As it goes up, it cools and makes clouds and rain. The Earth’s spin (旋转) makes the storm go in a circle. This is how a typhoon is formed. It has a special center called the “eye”. The eye is the calmest part of a typhoon. But around the edge (边缘) of the eye, there is a wall of wind called the “eyewall.” This is where the wind is the strongest. The wind speed can reach up to 160 kilometers per hour. ③Typhoons can be very dangerous. They can cause a lot ofdamage. They can bring strong winds and heavy rain. The winds can blow things away and break trees. The heavy rain can cause floods that can wash away cars and houses. Sometimes, the sea can rise very high near the coast. ④ ▲ . 1．What can we infer about Typhoon Yagi from the text? A．It didn’t kill anyone in Southeast Asia. B．It was a weak storm with little damage. C．It was the strongest storm in Asia last year. D．It was dangerous and caused many deaths. 2．Where can we see the strongest wind? A．In a low-pressure area. B．In the eyewall of a typhoon. C．In the eye of a typhoon. D．On the edge of a mountain. 3．What does the underlined word “damage” mean in Para. 3? A．Work. B．Help. C．Harm. D．Research. 4．What will the writer probably talk about in the blank ▲ of Paragraph 4? A．What to do when a typhoon hits. B．How to clean up during a typhoon. C．Who to talk to after a typhoon comes. D．Where to stay before a typhoon arrives. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the history of typhoons. B．To tell how dangerous a typhoon is. C．To know about many natural disasters. D．To explain the science behind typhoons. When it rains heavily, we can say, “It’s raining cats and dogs.” Well, on 29 December, 2021, the people in Texarkana, the US were experiencing the animal rain. It was raining fish. On that day, a storm hit the place. The storm left a lot of small fish on the ground. “Fish falling from the sky is an example of the animal rain,” explained the city experts. “Although it’s not common, it can happen in certain weather if the fish are light enough.” In fact, there have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. In 2017, people in California saw fish fall from the clouds over a primary school. In 1921, frogs fell from the sky over a city in Canada. Fish have also fallen from the sky at least three times in the last 30 years in Lajamanu, Australia. Of course, the animals were not in the sky before it started raining but powerful waterspouts(水龙卷) swept them up. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form or travel over open water. The fast wind inside them lifts water up into the clouds. At the same time, some light fish or frogs are lifted up too. The wind carries the animals and water over the land. When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. As a result, it “rains” animals. 1．When did the storm hit Texarkana, the US? A．In 1923. B．In 2017. C．In 2019. D．In 2021. 2．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．It is common for people to experience a storm. B．Fish falling may happen once in a while. C．Some frogs are light enough to fall down. D．There are many light fish in the sky. 3．Which of the following may have the similar meaning as the underlined word “throughout”? A．Behind. B．During. C．With. D．Without. 4．Which is the right order of the events in the animal rain? ①The animal rain falls as the energy of the wind falls. ②Powerful waterspouts sweep some animals up. ③The strong wind lifts water and animals up into the sky. ④The wind carries the animals and water over the land. A．①②③④ B．②①④③ C．②③④① D．③②④① 5．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Strange “Winds” B．Strange “Clouds” C．Strange “Animals” D．Strange “Rain” When you look at a mountain with snow on top, you may think it is beautiful. But is it still amazing when an avalanche happens? An avalanche is snow, ice and rocks moving together quickly down a mountain. Different things can cause avalanches. For example, when snowfall is at its greatest, it happens easily. Also, about 90% of avalanches have to do with human activities, like climbing and skiing. Besides, strong winds, earthquakes and even animal activities like running and fighting can also make them happen. Avalanches are most common from December to the following April. But in fact, they happen all year round. Most of them are small, with only little snow. But in high mountains, such as the Alps and the Himalayas, they can be huge and dangerous. Some places in France, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy see the greatest number of avalanches every year. When an avalanche happens, the fast-moving snow, ice, and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They bury (埋) skiers and mountain climbers alive. And the snow is so heavy that climbers often die of being breathless. When an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people die of cold. But what can we do to keep us safe when an avalanche happens? Education and right training on avalanches can help. Also bring useful tools like a beacon (信标) to help others find you and a shovel to help save others. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By asking a question. C．By sharing an idea. D．By listing numbers. 2．What may make avalanches happen? ①the height of mountains    ②great snowfall ③human activities like skiing    ④a running deer in the snow A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Where small avalanches happen. B．How climbers die in avalanches. C．What to do to stop avalanches. D．Why avalanches happen so often. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell us never to go near high mountains with snow. B．To give ways to keep safe when meeting avalanches. C．To introduce some facts and information about avalanches. D．To warn people of the danger caused by avalanches. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Avalanches are not dangerous at all in summer. B．Earthquakes are the main cause of avalanches. C．Everyone can survive an avalanche with good training. D．The Alps in Europe might be a high-risk area for avalanches. 能力综合实践5篇 From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1．What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2．What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because of a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 3．What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 4．What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．New Houses were Built for Safety B．Tourism Worsens in North Carolina C．Rising Seas Put Coastal Towns at Risk D．Climate Change Leads to Stronger Storms Natalie Doan, a teenager in America, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, the ocean turned extremely terrible. That night, Hurricane (飓风) Sandy hit the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and people were having the most difficult time, especially the elderly. To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped (困住) in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick got a new collection. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed things to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was later invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the streets are clear and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says, “Because of everyone’s efforts in making a better home, Rockaway will be even stronger than before.” 1．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________. A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 2．The phrase “in ruins” Paragraph 2 means the neighborhood was ________. A．clean and tidy B．in a mess C．just the same as usual D．even better than before 3．How did Natalie help the people in need? A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children. C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing website. 4．According to Paragraph 3, who inspired Natalie most? A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 5．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．Little people can make a big difference B．A friend in need is a friend indeed C．East or west, home is best D．Technology is power Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weather B．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes Modern disaster warning systems have revolutionized how societies prepare for cataclysms, leveraging cutting-edge technology to save lives. AI algorithms now analyze vast datasets from satellites and weather stations, predicting storms with up to 95% accuracy—far surpassing traditional methods. In Japan, a multi-layered warning system combines app notifications, blaring alarms, and TV broadcasts to deliver tsunami alerts within seconds of detection, giving residents precious minutes to reach higher ground. Drones have emerged as game-changers in disaster response. Equipped with thermal imaging and GPS, these unmanned vehicles can survey earthquake-ravaged areas in real time, identifying survivors trapped under rubbish and mapping damage for rescue teams. In remote regions of Indonesia, drones have even delivered emergency supplies when roads and bridges are rendered impassable, cutting response times from hours to minutes. Yet, challenges persist. Rural communities without reliable Internet or electricity often fall through the warning net, highlighting the need for inclusive solutions. Scientists are now developing solar-powered alarm systems and SMS-based alerts to reach the most vulnerable. “No one should be left unwarned because of their location,” emphasizes disaster researcher Dr. Mei Lin. The 2024 Typhoon Hana serves as a testament to these technologies’ efficacy. Thanks to early AI predictions and drone-led evacuations, casualties were reduced by 82% compared to similar storms a decade ago. As climate-driven disasters grow more frequent, the global push to democratize warning systems remains urgent—ensuring that technology becomes a lifeline for all, not just the privileged. 1．What technology enables high-precision predictions? A．Traditional weathervanes. B．AI and satellite data. C．Amateur radio networks. D．Manual observation. 2．How do Japanese tsunami warnings reach people? A．Through carrier pigeons. B．Via apps, alarms, and TV. C．By community loudspeakers only. D．Through emergency mail. 3．What is a key challenge for warning systems? A．Over-reliance on AI. B．Lack of interest in cities. C．Difficulty reaching remote areas. D．Excessive accuracy. 4．Why are warning systems crucial? A．To create job opportunities. B．To sell more technology. C．To reduce panic during disasters. D．To save lives and minimize casualties. 5．What is the future focus for scientists? A．To develop more expensive drones. B．To abandon AI in favor of drones. C．To ensure warnings reach all communities. D．To limit warnings to urban areas. Whаt is а tsunаmi? Тsunamis аre often causеd bу еаrthquakes оr volcanoes (火山). Тhe аverаgе sрееd оf thе wаvеs is 300 mph and thе wavеs can last from five minutеs tо an hour. What to do in a tsunami? Firstly, when а strong earthquakе is felt, lеаvе the water аt oncе, gеt tо the shorе (海岸) аnd gо as far awaу as уou can from thе bеаch fаst. If it allows, go tо а highеr ground. Sеcondlу, turn on the TV fоr nеws and weаther reроrt. Тhey will tell yоu morе аbоut thе tsunami. Thirdlу, gеt all members of уоur family togеther аnd let everyonе know thе tsunаmi is coming. Сhoosе a рlaсе tо staу tоgethеr. Маkе sure thе place is safe аnd аs fаr аwау frоm thе shorе as роssible. Вring еmergency suррliеs when you have to leаve уour hоuse. Аt lаst, if yоu find a hugе wаve is coming, сlimb оnto the rооf оf yоur hоusе or on thе highest рoint оf thе nearеst building. Hоld on tо аnуthing thаt’s strоng enоugh. Сlimb а trеe if yоu havе tо. For a tsunаmi, the оnly way to survive it is to be prеpared. 1．When а tsunami соmes, thе wаvеs will ________ . A．go аs fast аs 300 mph B．bесomе strongеr bеfоre the еаrthquakе C．сause hеavу rаin D．last shоrtеr аnd shortеr 2．How mаnу suggestions arе mеntionеd in this раssagе? A．Two. B．Тhrеe. C．Four. D．Fivе. 3．Whеn а tsunаmi is соming, yоur fаmilу hаd bеtter ________. A．go tо thе bеаch tоgеther B．stay in a safe place together C．stay in your house D．put emergency supplies on a lower ground 4．We should do the following when a tsunami is coming EXCEPT________. A．listening to the weather report B．going to a low place to keep safe C．getting emergency supplies ready D．leave the water and get as far away from the shore as you can 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to keep safe in the water B．What a tsunami is C．What to do after a tsunami D．How to survive a tsunami 16 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 17 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 I remember a typhoon (台风) which came when I was ten years old. It was on Tuesday. That day, our family heard the news over the radio. After hearing the news, my mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father was checking (检查) our house to make sure it was safe while I was taking the clothes into the house. After my mother came back, I helped her cook in the kitchen. My father put pieces of wood over the windows before strong winds came. At about nine o’clock in the evening, the wind began to blow strongly outside. After a while, it began to rain heavily. I was very scared! “Would my windows be broken? Would my bed get wet?” I thought. After thinking for some time, I fell asleep. When I woke up, it was still raining and the wind was blowing. At about 11:00 a.m. the next day, the wind began to die down. At 1:00 p.m., the typhoon finally went away. My father checked our house with me. The typhoon was really strong, but there was almost no loss (损失) in our house! My father told me, “That’s because we prepared very well.” 1．How did the writer’s family get the news about the typhoon? A．By watching TV. B．By reading newspapers. C．By listening to the radio. D．By getting an email. 2．What did the writer’s father do before the strong winds came? A．He bought food and water. B．He put pieces of wood over the windows. C．He helped cook in the kitchen. D．He took the clothes into the house. 3．Why did the writer fall asleep during the typhoon? A．Because he felt very tired. B．Because he stopped feeling scared. C．Because he thought for some time and then slept. D．Because the wind and rain stopped at once. 4．When did the typhoon go away? A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday. C．On Thursday. D．On Friday. 5．What can we know from the text? A．The writer was not afraid of the typhoon. B．The writer’s mother checked their house after the typhoon. C．The writer lost his house because of the typhoon. D．The writer’s family prepared well for the typhoon. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者十岁时经历台风，全家提前做好准备，最终房屋几乎无损失的经历。 1．第一段明确指出：“That day, our family heard the news over the radio.”，说明家人通过收音机得知台风消息。 2．第一段明确指出：“My father put pieces of wood over the windows before strong winds came.”，说明在强风来临之前，父亲就在窗户上钉上了木板。 3．第二段明确指出：“After thinking for some time, I fell asleep.”，说明作者想了一会儿后就睡着了。 4．第一段“It was on Tuesday.”说明台风发生在周二，第三段“…the next day…At 1:00 p.m., the typhoon finally went away.”指出第二天下午1点台风离去，因此是周三。 5．第三段最后一句指出：“That’s because we prepared very well.”，说明作者一家为台风做了充分准备。 Nature’s temper can bring different weather. Sometimes there is too much rain, and we have floods. Sometimes there is too little rain, and we have droughts. Floods can carry away trees and houses. People must move to high places quickly. Droughts make the land dry and crops die. We cannot change nature, but we can prepare for it. We can save water, listen to warnings and help each other. When we respect nature, we can live safely and peacefully. 1．What is this passage about? A．How to plant crops B．Nature’s bad temper C．How to travel safely D．Different animals 2．What may too much rain bring? A．Droughts. B．Floods. C．Cold days. D．Strong winds. 3．What happens in a drought? A．Crops die. B．Trees grow fast. C．Rivers become full. D．Houses fall down. 4．What can we do to prepare for nature’s temper? A．Waste more water. B．Go out to play. C．Listen to warnings. D．Cut down more trees. 5．What does the writer want to tell us? A．We should fight with nature. B．We should respect and prepare for nature. C．Nature is always kind to people. D．We don’t need to care about nature. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了大自然恶劣气候会引发洪水和干旱等灾害，并告诉我们要敬畏自然、提前做好防范，才能安稳生活。 1．第一段首句指出：“Nature’s temper can bring different weather.”，全文围绕大自然恶劣气候引发的洪水、干旱等灾害展开，对应大自然的坏脾气。 2．第一段第二句指出：“Sometimes there is too much rain, and we have floods.”，明确说明雨水过多会引发洪水。 3．第二段末句指出：“Droughts make the land dry and crops die.”，直接点明干旱会导致农作物枯死。 4．第三段指出：“...we can prepare for it. We can save water, listen to warnings and help each other.”，听从预警是应对大自然气候变化的准备措施之一。 5．第三段提到我们可以为大自然的变化做好准备，最后一段：“When we respect nature, we can live safely and peacefully.”，说明我们要敬畏自然、提前防范。 Emergency Preparation Tips Natural disasters can happen anytime. Being prepared can save your life. Here are some tips from the Red Cross: Tip 1: Make an Emergency Kit Your kit should include: • Water (one gallon per person per day for three days) • Food (non-perishable food that lasts for three days) • Flashlight and extra batteries • First-aid kit • Whistle to signal for help • Dust masks to help filter dirty air • Important documents (IDs, insurance papers) in a waterproof bag Tip 2: Make a Family Plan • Talk with your family about what to do in different situations. • Choose two places to meet: one near your home and one outside your neighborhood. • Pick a friend or relative in another town to be your family contact. Everyone should call this person to say they are safe. • Practice your plan at least twice a year. Tip 3: Stay Informed • Learn what disasters can happen in your area. • Sign up for local emergency alerts (警报) on your phone. • Listen to the radio or TV for news and instructions. 1．What should be included in an emergency kit? a. Water and food.   b. Flashlight and batteries.   c. Toys and games.   d. Important documents. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 2．How often should families practice their emergency plan? A．Once a year. B．Twice a year. C．Three times a year. D．Every month. 3．What is a “family contact” according to the text? A．A person who lives nearby. B．A friend or relative in another town. C．A neighbor who can help. D．A local firefighter. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．You only need one gallon of water for one person. B．You should keep important documents in a waterproof bag. C．You don’t need to know what disasters can happen in your area. D．You should practice your plan every week. 5．What kind of text is this? A．A news report. B．A safety guide. C．A personal story. D．A school notice. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是红十字会给出的自然灾害应急准备安全指南，介绍了准备应急包、制定家庭逃生计划、及时了解灾害信息三条实用建议。 1．根据“Tip 1”可知应急包需要包含水、食物、手电和电池等物品，故选B。 2．根据“Practice your plan at least twice a year.”可知，每年需要练习至少两次。 3．根据“Pick a friend or relative in another town to be your family contact. Everyone should call this person to say they are safe.”可知，家庭联系指其他镇上的朋友或亲戚。 4．根据“Water (one gallon per person per day for three days)”可知，需要准备每人每天一加仑，持续三天的水量，选项A错误；根据“Important documents (IDs, insurance papers) in a waterproof bag”可知，应将重要文件放在防水袋里，选项B正确；根据“Learn what disasters can happen in your area.”可知，我们需要了解自己所在地区可能发生的灾害，选项C错误；根据“Practice your plan at least twice a year.”可知，每年至少练习两次即可，选项D错误。 5．根据文章标题“Emergency Preparation Tips”可知，本文是关于安全应急指南的，故选B。 What is a drought (干旱)? A drought is a long period of time when there is little or no rain. It can last for weeks, months, or even years. Droughts are one of the most dangerous natural disasters because they affect large areas and can last a long time. When a drought happens, rivers and lakes dry up. Crops cannot grow without water. Farmers lose their harvest, and food becomes more expensive. Animals suffer too. They may not find enough water to drink or grass to eat. Droughts can also cause other problems. Without water, the ground becomes very dry. This can lead to dust storms. Dry conditions also make wildfires more likely to start and spread quickly. What causes droughts? Sometimes droughts happen because of changes in weather patterns. For example, El Niño (厄尔尼诺现象) can cause some parts of the world to become much drier than normal. Climate change is also making droughts more common and more severe in many places. What can we do to help? Everyone can save water at home. Take shorter showers. Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth. Fix leaks (漏水) quickly. Collect rainwater for plants. These small actions can make a big difference when every drop counts. Scientists are also working to predict droughts better. With better predictions, farmers can prepare and governments can make plans to share water more fairly. 1．What is the right order of how a drought causes problems? a. Rivers and lakes dry up.   b. Crops cannot grow.   c. There is little or no rain for a long time. A．a-b-c B．c-a-b C．b-c-a D．c-b-a 2．What can El Niño cause according to the text? A．More rain in all places. B．Drier conditions in some places. C．Colder weather everywhere. D．More snow in winter. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 5? A．By telling a story. B．By explaining reasons. C．By giving suggestions. D．By asking questions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports News. B．Weather & Environment. C．Entertainment. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Predict the Weather B．Understanding Droughts C．The Importance of Rain D．Saving Water at Home 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了干旱的定义、危害、成因，以及个人和社会应对干旱的方法，帮助人们全面了解干旱这一自然灾害。 1．第一段“A drought is a long period of time when there is little or no rain.”，干旱的起点：长时间少雨/无雨，对应c；第二段“When a drought happens, rivers and lakes dry up.”，河湖干涸，对应a；“Crops cannot grow without water.”，作物无法生长，对应b。 2．第四段提到：“For example, El Niño can cause some parts of the world to become much drier than normal.”，直接说明厄尔尼诺会导致部分地区比往常更干燥。 3．第五段开头提出“What can we do to help?”，随后给出了“Take shorter showers. Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth. Fix leaks quickly. Collect rainwater for plants.”等多条节水建议，因此作者通过“给出建议”的方式支撑段落主旨。 4．文章围绕“干旱”这一自然灾害展开，涉及天气现象、环境影响、气候相关内容，因此最可能出现在报纸的“天气与环境”版块。 5．文章从干旱的定义、危害、成因到应对方法，全面介绍了干旱的相关知识，核心主题是“了解干旱”，“Understanding Droughts”适合作为文章的标题，其他选项均只涉及文章的某一部分，不能概括全文。 1．What is safe to use during a thunderstorm? A．Radios. B．Corded telephones. C．Computers. D．Mobile phones. 2．What should we do first during a thunderstorm? A．Find a safe shelter. B．Power off mobile phones. C．Protect ears from loud thunder. D．Stay away from metal objects. 3．Which of the following is the best shelter during a thunderstorm? A．A tall tree in an open field. B．A small tent on the grass. C．A closed-window car. D．A bus stop with a metal roof. 4．A family camping in an open area meets a thunderstorm. What should they do? A．Stand together under the tallest tree. B．Crouch low with their heels together. C．Keep their feet touching the ground. D．Stay out and lie down on the ground. 5．Where might we read this passage? A．On a weather website. B．In a travel magazine. C．In a sports newspaper. D．In a museum guidebook. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了雷暴天气中应对雷电的安全防护知识，详细说明了遭遇雷电时的正确做法。 1．文章左侧部分“Stay off corded telephones, computers and radios except mobile phones.”表明雷暴天气中，手机是安全的使用设备，收音机、有线电话、电脑均不安全。 2．文章左侧部分“SEEK SHELTER FIRST”表明雷暴天气中，首要做法是寻找安全的庇护所。 3．文章左侧部分“Move to a building or a car with windows closed.”表明关闭车窗的汽车是雷暴天气中合适的庇护所，而大树、小帐篷、金属顶公交站均存在安全隐患。 4．文章右侧部分“Crouch down as low as possible.”以及“Keep your heels touching each other.”表明外出露营遭遇雷暴时，应蹲低身体并并拢脚后跟。 5．文章介绍的是雷暴天气的安全防护知识，这类内容通常出现在天气相关的网站上，而非旅游杂志、体育报纸或博物馆指南中。 进阶拓展训练5篇 Global warming is making natural disasters more frequent and intense（严重的）by changing the Earth’s climate. To begin with, extreme（极端的）weather events are happening more often. Heatwaves, wildfires and droughts are getting worse in some places. And in other places, hotter air holds more water. That can cause heavier rain, more floods, stronger hurricanes and typhoons. What’s more, global warming is causing sea levels to rise. Melting（融化的）ice is causing oceans to rise faster-about 4.5 mm per year. This means there will be more floods in coastal areas. By 2100, up to 287 million people might be at the risk of losing their homes. Warming also causes other problems. For example, after wildfires, rain can turn the burned soil into deadly mudslides（滑坡).Melting glaciers（冰川）can cause sudden floods. All these may bring danger to people’s lives and damage roads and buildings. Animals and plants are in danger, too. If the world’s temperature rises by 2℃, many insects and plants could die out. Crops like corn and wheat may also have lower yields（产量）. ▲ By planting trees, using less energy, and reducing waste, we can all help cool our planet. 1．What does the underlined phrase（词组）“more frequent” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．more helpless B．more common C．more easy D．more harmful 2．How does the writer develop his ideas in Paragraph 3? A．By making a comparison. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By giving an example. 3．Which of the following sentences can we put in ▲ ? A．Let’s plant trees to slow global warming. B．Can we do something against global warming? C．What can we do to help slow global warming? D．Reducing waste can help slow global warming. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How to stay safe during global warming. B．Effects of global warming. C．Different kinds of natural disasters. D．How to fight against global warming. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文核心围绕全球变暖的影响展开，通过植树、节约能源、减少浪费，每个人都能为缓解全球变暖贡献力量。 1．第一段的“more frequent”意思是“更频繁的”，“more common”意思是“更常见的”，常见的事情往往也是频繁发生的，而“more helpless”是更无助的，“more easy”表达错误，“more harmful”是更有害的，所以“more frequent”与“more common”意思相近，答案选B。 2．第三段中“Melting (融化的) ice is causing oceans to rise faster - about 4.5 mm per year. By 2100, up to 287 million people might be at the risk of losing their homes.”使用了“4.5 mm per year”“2100”“287 million”等数字来说明海平面上升的速度以及受影响的人数，是通过列数字的方式展开观点，答案选B。 3．结尾段的空格处后面提到“By planting trees, using less energy, and reducing waste, we can all help cool our planet.”（通过植树、减少能源使用和减少浪费，我们都可以帮助使地球降温），可知前面应该是询问我们能做什么来减缓全球变暖，C选项“What can we do to help slow global warming?”符合语境。 4．文章第一段总述全球变暖使自然灾害更频繁和严重，后面几段分别从极端天气、海平面上升、其他问题、对动植物的影响等方面进行阐述，最后一段说我们可以采取的措施，整体是总分总的结构，D选项符合。 5．文章主要讲述了全球变暖带来的各种影响，包括对极端天气、海平面、动植物等的影响，B选项“Effects of global warming.”（全球变暖的影响）符合文章主旨。 Can animals predict earthquakes? This question has interested scientists for a long time. Many stories from around the world suggest that animals act strangely before an earthquake hits. One famous example happened in China in 1975. In the city of Haicheng, people noticed many animals behaving unusually. Snakes came out of their holes in the middle of winter. Normally, snakes hibernate (冬眠) during cold weather, so this was very strange. Chickens refused to go into their coops (鸡笼). Dogs barked for no reason. Cows and horses seemed nervous and tried to break free from their fences. Because of these signs, the government ordered people to leave their homes. Just hours later, a huge earthquake struck the city. Many buildings fell down, but most people were safe because they had already moved outside. This event made people believe that animals really can sense when a disaster is coming. Scientists have several ideas about how animals might do this. Some think animals can feel small shaking in the ground that humans cannot feel. Others believe animals can sense changes in the air or in gases that come out of the ground before an earthquake. Animals also have much better hearing than humans, so they might hear sounds that we cannot hear. However, not all scientists agree that animals can predict earthquakes. They say that animals act strangely for many different reasons. Sometimes what looks like a warning sign is just normal animal behavior. More research is needed to understand this mystery. 1．What is the right order of what happened in Haicheng in 1975? a. A huge earthquake struck the city. b. People noticed animals behaving strangely. c. The government ordered people to leave their homes. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-a-b D．b-a-c 2．Why do some scientists think animals can sense earthquakes? A．Animals are smarter than humans. B．Animals can feel small shaking or sense changes in gases. C．Animals always act strangely for no reason. D．Animals have lived on Earth for a long time. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By explaining reasons. D．By asking questions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports News. B．Science & Nature. C．Health & Life. D．Travel & Culture. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Haicheng Earthquake B．How to Protect Yourself in an Earthquake C．Can Animals Predict Earthquakes? D．Strange Animal Behavior 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了动物是否能预测地震的问题，以1975年中国海城地震前动物异常行为为例，并介绍了科学家的不同观点。 1．根据原文第二、三段，事件顺序为：①“Snakes came out... chickens refused...”人们注意到动物行为异常；②“the government ordered people to leave”政府命令居民撤离；③“a huge earthquake struck”地震发生。正确顺序为b-c-a，故选B。 2．第四段“Some think animals can feel small shaking in the ground that humans cannot feel. Others believe animals can sense changes in the air or in gases…”可知一些科学家认为动物可能感觉到人无法察觉的微小震动，另一些科学家则认为它们可以感知空气及地面释放的气体变化。故选B。 3．第四段“…feel small shaking…sense changes in gases…have better hearing”主要列举了科学家关于动物如何感知地震的几种解释，属于解释原因。故选C。 4．文章主题是动物行为与地震预测的科学探讨，属于科学与自然范畴。故选B。 5．文章首句提出问题“Can animals predict earthquakes?”并全文围绕此展开，既包含案例又包含科学解释，故该疑问句最能概括主旨。故选C。 ①Typhoon Yagi, Asia’s most powerful storm this year, has killed hundreds of people since September 1st, 2024. After hitting the Philippines, it swept across southern China and parts of Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos. To stay safe, we need to know more about typhoons. ②Typhoons are strong winds that come from the sea. The typhoon season usually starts from July to September. When the sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it makes the air rise. This creates a low-pressure (低压) area. The air around moves in to fill the space, and it also rises. As it goes up, it cools and makes clouds and rain. The Earth’s spin (旋转) makes the storm go in a circle. This is how a typhoon is formed. It has a special center called the “eye”. The eye is the calmest part of a typhoon. But around the edge (边缘) of the eye, there is a wall of wind called the “eyewall.” This is where the wind is the strongest. The wind speed can reach up to 160 kilometers per hour. ③Typhoons can be very dangerous. They can cause a lot ofdamage. They can bring strong winds and heavy rain. The winds can blow things away and break trees. The heavy rain can cause floods that can wash away cars and houses. Sometimes, the sea can rise very high near the coast. ④ ▲ . 1．What can we infer about Typhoon Yagi from the text? A．It didn’t kill anyone in Southeast Asia. B．It was a weak storm with little damage. C．It was the strongest storm in Asia last year. D．It was dangerous and caused many deaths. 2．Where can we see the strongest wind? A．In a low-pressure area. B．In the eyewall of a typhoon. C．In the eye of a typhoon. D．On the edge of a mountain. 3．What does the underlined word “damage” mean in Para. 3? A．Work. B．Help. C．Harm. D．Research. 4．What will the writer probably talk about in the blank ▲ of Paragraph 4? A．What to do when a typhoon hits. B．How to clean up during a typhoon. C．Who to talk to after a typhoon comes. D．Where to stay before a typhoon arrives. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the history of typhoons. B．To tell how dangerous a typhoon is. C．To know about many natural disasters. D．To explain the science behind typhoons. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以2024年超强台风“摩羯”为例，介绍了台风的形成原因、结构特征（如风眼和风眼墙）以及其带来的巨大危害，旨在向读者普及台风相关的科学知识。 1．根据第一段中“Typhoon Yagi, Asia’s most powerful storm this year, has killed hundreds of people...”可知，台风“摩羯”是今年亚洲最强的风暴，已造成数百人死亡，这说明它非常危险且造成了大量死亡。 2．根据第二段中“But around the edge of the eye, there is a wall of wind called the ‘eyewall.’ This is where the wind is the strongest.”可知，台风眼周围的“风眼墙”是风力最强的地方。 3．根据第三段中“Typhoons can be very dangerous.”以及后文提到的“blow things away and break trees”和“wash away cars and houses”可知，台风会带来破坏。因此damage意为“破坏、损害”，与harm（伤害、损害）意思相近。 4．文章第一段结尾提到“To stay safe, we need to know more about typhoons.”。文章第二、三段分别介绍了台风的形成和危害，根据逻辑，第四段（空白处）很可能会介绍如何应对台风以确保安全。因此，A选项“台风来袭时该怎么办”最符合语境。 5．文章第一段引出话题，第二段详细解释了台风的形成过程（海水受热、空气上升、低压区形成等）和结构（风眼、风眼墙），第三段讲述危害。综合来看，文章的主要目的是解释台风背后的科学原理。 When it rains heavily, we can say, “It’s raining cats and dogs.” Well, on 29 December, 2021, the people in Texarkana, the US were experiencing the animal rain. It was raining fish. On that day, a storm hit the place. The storm left a lot of small fish on the ground. “Fish falling from the sky is an example of the animal rain,” explained the city experts. “Although it’s not common, it can happen in certain weather if the fish are light enough.” In fact, there have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. In 2017, people in California saw fish fall from the clouds over a primary school. In 1921, frogs fell from the sky over a city in Canada. Fish have also fallen from the sky at least three times in the last 30 years in Lajamanu, Australia. Of course, the animals were not in the sky before it started raining but powerful waterspouts(水龙卷) swept them up. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form or travel over open water. The fast wind inside them lifts water up into the clouds. At the same time, some light fish or frogs are lifted up too. The wind carries the animals and water over the land. When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. As a result, it “rains” animals. 1．When did the storm hit Texarkana, the US? A．In 1923. B．In 2017. C．In 2019. D．In 2021. 2．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．It is common for people to experience a storm. B．Fish falling may happen once in a while. C．Some frogs are light enough to fall down. D．There are many light fish in the sky. 3．Which of the following may have the similar meaning as the underlined word “throughout”? A．Behind. B．During. C．With. D．Without. 4．Which is the right order of the events in the animal rain? ①The animal rain falls as the energy of the wind falls. ②Powerful waterspouts sweep some animals up. ③The strong wind lifts water and animals up into the sky. ④The wind carries the animals and water over the land. A．①②③④ B．②①④③ C．②③④① D．③②④① 5．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Strange “Winds” B．Strange “Clouds” C．Strange “Animals” D．Strange “Rain” 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了‍“动物雨”这一奇特自然现象，即鱼、青蛙等小动物从天而降的现象。 1．根据文章第一段“Well, on 29 December, 2021, the people in Texarkana, the US were experiencing the animal rain.”可知，风暴发生在2021年。 2．第二段提到“Although it’s not common, it can happen in certain weather if the fish are light enough.”这说明鱼从天而降虽然不常见，但在特定天气下可能发生，即“偶尔发生”。 3．throughout在文中throughout history表示“贯穿历史”，也就是在整个历史期间。Behind表示“在……后面”；With表示“和……一起”；Without表示“没有”，均不符合“贯穿历史”的意思。During表示“在……期间”，与throughout意思相近。 4．文章中提到“Of course, the animals were not in the sky before it started raining but powerful waterspouts swept them up”，即强大的水龙卷把动物卷起来，这是第一步，所以②在前；接着“The fast wind inside them lifts water up into the clouds. At the same time some light fish or frogs are lifted up too”，强风把水和动物带到天空，这是第二步，所以③其次；然后“The wind carries the animals and water over the land”，风把动物和水带到陆地上，这是第三步，所以④接着；最后“When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. As a result, it rains’ animals”，当风的能量下降时，动物和水落下，形成动物雨，这是第四步，所以①最后，因此顺序是②③④①。 5．文章主要讲述了美国特克萨卡纳等地出现鱼从天上掉下来的动物雨现象，以及动物雨形成的原因。Strange “Rain”准确概括了文章的核心内容。 When you look at a mountain with snow on top, you may think it is beautiful. But is it still amazing when an avalanche happens? An avalanche is snow, ice and rocks moving together quickly down a mountain. Different things can cause avalanches. For example, when snowfall is at its greatest, it happens easily. Also, about 90% of avalanches have to do with human activities, like climbing and skiing. Besides, strong winds, earthquakes and even animal activities like running and fighting can also make them happen. Avalanches are most common from December to the following April. But in fact, they happen all year round. Most of them are small, with only little snow. But in high mountains, such as the Alps and the Himalayas, they can be huge and dangerous. Some places in France, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy see the greatest number of avalanches every year. When an avalanche happens, the fast-moving snow, ice, and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They bury (埋) skiers and mountain climbers alive. And the snow is so heavy that climbers often die of being breathless. When an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people die of cold. But what can we do to keep us safe when an avalanche happens? Education and right training on avalanches can help. Also bring useful tools like a beacon (信标) to help others find you and a shovel to help save others. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By asking a question. C．By sharing an idea. D．By listing numbers. 2．What may make avalanches happen? ①the height of mountains    ②great snowfall ③human activities like skiing    ④a running deer in the snow A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Where small avalanches happen. B．How climbers die in avalanches. C．What to do to stop avalanches. D．Why avalanches happen so often. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell us never to go near high mountains with snow. B．To give ways to keep safe when meeting avalanches. C．To introduce some facts and information about avalanches. D．To warn people of the danger caused by avalanches. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Avalanches are not dangerous at all in summer. B．Earthquakes are the main cause of avalanches. C．Everyone can survive an avalanche with good training. D．The Alps in Europe might be a high-risk area for avalanches. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了雪崩的形成原因、多发季节和地区、危害以及安全防护措施。 1．第一段末尾提到“But is it still amazing when an avalanche happens?”，说明作者是通过提问的方式开头的。 2．第三段提到：降雪量最大时雪崩容易发生（②great snowfall）；约90%的雪崩与人类活动如滑雪有关（③human activities like skiing）；强风、地震甚至动物活动如奔跑和打斗也可能引发雪崩（④a running deer in the snow）。文章未提及山的高度是引发原因，因此答案为②③④。 3．第四段提到“They bury skiers and mountain climbers alive. And the snow is so heavy that climbers often die of being breathless. When an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people die of cold.”，说明本段介绍了登山者在雪崩中是如何死亡的，包括被活埋、窒息而死、冻死等。 4．全文介绍了雪崩的成因、多发季节和地区、危害以及安全措施，因此作者的目的是介绍有关雪崩的事实和信息。 5．第四段提到“in high mountains, such as the Alps and the Himalayas, they can be huge and dangerous”，说明欧洲的阿尔卑斯山可能是雪崩的高风险地区。对应D选项。 能力综合实践5篇 From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1．What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2．What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because of a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 3．What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 4．What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．New Houses were Built for Safety B．Tourism Worsens in North Carolina C．Rising Seas Put Coastal Towns at Risk D．Climate Change Leads to Stronger Storms 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了北卡罗来纳州外滩群岛因海平面上升、强风和海浪侵蚀而导致海滩房屋接连倒塌的问题，这不仅留下废墟、影响旅游业和野生动物栖息地，还面临恶化趋势，以及当地官员建议房主加强房屋结构或搬迁至更安全地点。 1．词义猜测题。根据“a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages”可知，侵蚀对沿海村庄造成了负面影响，结合下文提到的房屋倒塌、海滩消失等具体现象，可推知put a toll on应理解为“造成损害”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe.”可知，最近的一次坍塌发生在上周四到周五之间，当时一场风暴在罗丹特沿岸引发了巨浪，即倒塌的直接原因是风暴袭击。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away”可知，强风、巨浪以及气候变化导致的海平面上升，正使外滩群岛的海滩逐渐被冲蚀。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible.”可知，官方建议加固房屋或搬迁。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文核心是海平面上升与侵蚀导致沿海城镇房屋风险加剧，因此最佳标题应是C“海平面上升使沿海城镇面临风险”。故选C。 Natalie Doan, a teenager in America, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, the ocean turned extremely terrible. That night, Hurricane (飓风) Sandy hit the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and people were having the most difficult time, especially the elderly. To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped (困住) in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick got a new collection. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed things to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was later invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the streets are clear and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says, “Because of everyone’s efforts in making a better home, Rockaway will be even stronger than before.” 1．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________. A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 2．The phrase “in ruins” Paragraph 2 means the neighborhood was ________. A．clean and tidy B．in a mess C．just the same as usual D．even better than before 3．How did Natalie help the people in need? A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children. C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing website. 4．According to Paragraph 3, who inspired Natalie most? A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 5．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．Little people can make a big difference B．A friend in need is a friend indeed C．East or west, home is best D．Technology is power 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了美国青少年Natalie Doan在飓风桑迪袭击她的家乡后，通过创建网站帮助社区重建的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，Natalie发现她的社区被摧毁了。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes”（Natalie的许多朋友失去了家园）可推知，“in ruins”意为“成为一片废墟”，即一团糟。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help.”可知，Natalie通过建立一个信息共享网站来帮助有需要的人。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something.”（为了帮助其他人重建，青少年们爬楼梯为被困在停电的高楼中的老年人送水和食物。Natalie被所有这些事情深深打动，决定做点什么。）可推知，帮助Rockaway重建的人们最激励Natalie。故选A。 5．标题归纳题。本文讲述了Natalie通过自己的努力帮助社区重建，体现了小人物也能产生大影响。用“Little people can make a big difference”做标题最合适。故选A。 Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weather B．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些异常的天气现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town.”可知，科学家们认为龙卷风经过湖泊，把青蛙们带到了空中，然后它们掉落在塞尔维亚的一个偏远小镇。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high.”可知，这场龙卷风能有15米宽，122米高，由此可知，这样会很危险，因此这句话应该放在第三段末。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground.”可知，冰块变得越来越大，变成了冰雹，风吹不动它们，冰雹落会砸到地面。故选A。 4．.细节理解题。根据“Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones.”可知答案人们可能是被从天而降的冰雹砸死的。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些异常的天气现象。A项“不寻常的天气”符合题意。故选A。 Modern disaster warning systems have revolutionized how societies prepare for cataclysms, leveraging cutting-edge technology to save lives. AI algorithms now analyze vast datasets from satellites and weather stations, predicting storms with up to 95% accuracy—far surpassing traditional methods. In Japan, a multi-layered warning system combines app notifications, blaring alarms, and TV broadcasts to deliver tsunami alerts within seconds of detection, giving residents precious minutes to reach higher ground. Drones have emerged as game-changers in disaster response. Equipped with thermal imaging and GPS, these unmanned vehicles can survey earthquake-ravaged areas in real time, identifying survivors trapped under rubbish and mapping damage for rescue teams. In remote regions of Indonesia, drones have even delivered emergency supplies when roads and bridges are rendered impassable, cutting response times from hours to minutes. Yet, challenges persist. Rural communities without reliable Internet or electricity often fall through the warning net, highlighting the need for inclusive solutions. Scientists are now developing solar-powered alarm systems and SMS-based alerts to reach the most vulnerable. “No one should be left unwarned because of their location,” emphasizes disaster researcher Dr. Mei Lin. The 2024 Typhoon Hana serves as a testament to these technologies’ efficacy. Thanks to early AI predictions and drone-led evacuations, casualties were reduced by 82% compared to similar storms a decade ago. As climate-driven disasters grow more frequent, the global push to democratize warning systems remains urgent—ensuring that technology becomes a lifeline for all, not just the privileged. 1．What technology enables high-precision predictions? A．Traditional weathervanes. B．AI and satellite data. C．Amateur radio networks. D．Manual observation. 2．How do Japanese tsunami warnings reach people? A．Through carrier pigeons. B．Via apps, alarms, and TV. C．By community loudspeakers only. D．Through emergency mail. 3．What is a key challenge for warning systems? A．Over-reliance on AI. B．Lack of interest in cities. C．Difficulty reaching remote areas. D．Excessive accuracy. 4．Why are warning systems crucial? A．To create job opportunities. B．To sell more technology. C．To reduce panic during disasters. D．To save lives and minimize casualties. 5．What is the future focus for scientists? A．To develop more expensive drones. B．To abandon AI in favor of drones. C．To ensure warnings reach all communities. D．To limit warnings to urban areas. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们利用尖端技术打造现代灾害预警系统，帮助拯救生命，减少人员伤亡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“AI algorithms now analyze vast datasets from satellites and weather stations, predicting storms with up to 95% accuracy—far surpassing traditional methods.”可知，人工智能和卫星数据实现了高精度的预测。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“In Japan, a multi-layered warning system combines app notifications, blaring alarms, and TV broadcasts to deliver tsunami alerts within seconds of detection, giving residents precious minutes to reach higher ground.”可知，日本海啸警报是通过应用程序通知、响亮的警报和电视广播传给人们的，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Rural communities without reliable Internet or electricity often fall through the warning net...”可知，预警系统的关键挑战是难以到达偏远地区。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thanks to early AI predictions and drone-led evacuations, casualties were reduced by 82% compared to similar storms a decade ago.”可知，预警系统至关重要是因为它可以拯救生命并减少伤亡，故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists are now developing solar-powered alarm systems and SMS-based alerts to reach the most vulnerable. ‘No one should be left unwarned because of their location,’ emphasizes disaster researcher Dr. Mei Lin.”可知，科学家未来会关注确保预警到达所有的社区。故选C。 Whаt is а tsunаmi? Тsunamis аre often causеd bу еаrthquakes оr volcanoes (火山). Тhe аverаgе sрееd оf thе wаvеs is 300 mph and thе wavеs can last from five minutеs tо an hour. What to do in a tsunami? Firstly, when а strong earthquakе is felt, lеаvе the water аt oncе, gеt tо the shorе (海岸) аnd gо as far awaу as уou can from thе bеаch fаst. If it allows, go tо а highеr ground. Sеcondlу, turn on the TV fоr nеws and weаther reроrt. Тhey will tell yоu morе аbоut thе tsunami. Thirdlу, gеt all members of уоur family togеther аnd let everyonе know thе tsunаmi is coming. Сhoosе a рlaсе tо staу tоgethеr. Маkе sure thе place is safe аnd аs fаr аwау frоm thе shorе as роssible. Вring еmergency suррliеs when you have to leаve уour hоuse. Аt lаst, if yоu find a hugе wаve is coming, сlimb оnto the rооf оf yоur hоusе or on thе highest рoint оf thе nearеst building. Hоld on tо аnуthing thаt’s strоng enоugh. Сlimb а trеe if yоu havе tо. For a tsunаmi, the оnly way to survive it is to be prеpared. 1．When а tsunami соmes, thе wаvеs will ________ . A．go аs fast аs 300 mph B．bесomе strongеr bеfоre the еаrthquakе C．сause hеavу rаin D．last shоrtеr аnd shortеr 2．How mаnу suggestions arе mеntionеd in this раssagе? A．Two. B．Тhrеe. C．Four. D．Fivе. 3．Whеn а tsunаmi is соming, yоur fаmilу hаd bеtter ________. A．go tо thе bеаch tоgеther B．stay in a safe place together C．stay in your house D．put emergency supplies on a lower ground 4．We should do the following when a tsunami is coming EXCEPT________. A．listening to the weather report B．going to a low place to keep safe C．getting emergency supplies ready D．leave the water and get as far away from the shore as you can 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to keep safe in the water B．What a tsunami is C．What to do after a tsunami D．How to survive a tsunami 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了海啸的相关知识及应对方法。 1．根据“Тhe аverаgе sрееd оf thе wаvеs is 300 mph and thе wavеs can last from five minutеs tо an hour.”可知，海啸来了，海浪就会以每小时300英里的速度前进。 2．根据Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly，At last，(首先，第二，第三，最后，)可知，文章中提到了四个建议。 3．根据“Thirdlу, gеt all members of уоur family togеther аnd let everyonе know thе tsunаmi is coming. Сhoosе a рlaсе tо staу tоgethеr. Маkе sure thе place is safe аnd аs fаr аwау frоm thе shorе as роssible.”可知，当海啸来临时，你的家人最好是一起待在安全的地方。 4．根据“If it allows, go tо а highеr ground.”如果条件允许，就到地势较高的地方去。选项B叙述不对。 5．根据“What to do in a tsunami?”可知，文章介绍了如何在海啸中逃生。所以选项D是最佳标题。 24 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 23 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $