Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读回答问题进阶练15篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（新教材人教版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读回答问题进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 On December 18, 2023, a magnitude (震级) 6.2 earthquake hit Jishishan County in Linxia, Gansu Province. It was the most serious earthquake in the past nine years. Up to December 22nd, it had taken 117 lives and injured 781 people in Gansu Province. On April 3, 2024, A 7.3-magnitude earthquake shook the sea area near Hualien in China’s Taiwan. The earthquake hit at 7:58 a.m. and strong shakes were felt across Taiwan. Xinhua reporters in Taipei experienced serious shakes as their apartment building shook without stopping for over one minute. Taiwan lies right along the Pacific Ring of Fire. 90% of the world’s earthquakes happen in this Ring of Fire. Hualien last faced a deadly earthquake in 2018, which pulled down a historic hotel and many other buildings. The worst earthquake in Taiwan island in recent years happened on September 21st, 1999. Since it took place at midnight, its results were very serious—2,400 deaths and around 100,000 injuries. The earthquake was also felt in Shanghai and other provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdong. An earthquake may happen at any time. Although we can’t prevent an earthquake from happening, schools should hold earthquake drills often to teach students the ways to protect themselves. It’s very important for students to know what to do, where to be safe and who to call. Being prepared helps reduce disaster risks. 1．When did the earthquake hit Jishishan County? 2．How long did the 2024 Hualien earthquake last? 3．Where do 90% of earthquakes happen? 4．Who also felt the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, people in Gansu or people in Jiangsu? 5．Why should students learn how to act during earthquakes? 【答案】1．On December 18, 2. 3．For over one minute. 4．The Pacific Ring of Fire. 5．People in Jiangsu. 6．Because it can help them protect themselves. 【导语】本文主要是介绍我们无法阻止地震的发生，但是学校应该教学生在地震中如何保护自己。 1．根据“On December 18, 2023, a magnitude (震级) 6.2 earthquake hit Jishishan County in Linxia, Gansu Province.”可知，地震是在2023年12月18日发生的，故填On December 18, 2023. 2．根据“Xinhua reporters in Taipei experienced serious shakes as their apartment building shook without stopping for over one minute.”可知，地震持续了一分多钟，故填For over one minute. 3．根据“Taiwan lies right along the Pacific Ring of Fire. 90% of the world’s earthquakes happen in this Ring of Fire.”可知，90%的地震发生在环太平洋火山带，故填The Pacific Ring of Fire. 4．根据“the earthquake was also felt in Shanghai and other provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdong.”可知，1999年在台湾的地震，江苏人也感觉到了，故填People in Jiangsu. 5．根据“schools should hold earthquake drills often to teach students the ways to protect themselves.”可知，学生学习如何应对地震是为了保护他们自己，故填Because it can help them protect themselves. A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I noticed that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very scared.” Mrs Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How many people altogether were homeless after the storm? 2．How long did the storm last? 3．What was Mr Tan doing when he heard a loud noise? 4．Who helped to take people out of the flooded area? 5．What kind of aid did the welfare department provide to the affected people? 【答案】1．Over two hundred people. 2．For over an hour. 3．Eating with his wife and children. 4．Soldiers. 5．They brought food, dry clothes, and shelter. 【导语】 本文是记叙文，主要描述了风暴袭击两个村庄的破坏事件。 1．根据“Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.”可知，这场风暴过后，总共有两百多人无家可归了。故填Over two hundred people. 2．根据“A farmer, Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.”可知，这位农民谭先生说，风暴是清晨开始的，持续了一个多小时。故填For over an hour. 3．根据“‘I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,’ he said.”可知，农夫说他当时正和妻子、孩子们一起吃饭，突然听到一声巨响。故填Eating with his wife and children. 4．根据“Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area.”可知，士兵们帮助人们从洪水中撤离。故填Soldiers. 5．根据“The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter.”可知，福利部门给他们送来了食物、干衣服和庇护所。故填They brought food, dry clothes, and shelter. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过10个词。 A Night of the Wildfire It was a cold night in southwestern China. A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village. The wind made the fire spread quickly. Thick smoke filled the air, and the heat was terrible. The villagers were very scared. Some tried to put out the fire with water, but it was useless. The firefighters arrived soon. They worked day and night to control the fire. They told the villagers to hide in the safe rooms and wait for rescue. Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days. No villagers were hurt, but some houses were damaged. The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires. 1．Where did the wildfire start? 2．What made the wildfire spread quickly? 3．Who arrived to help the villagers? 4．How long did it take to put out the fire? 5．What did the villagers promise to do? 【答案】1．Near a village in southwestern China. 2．The strong wind. 3．The firefighters. 4．Two days. 5．Learn more about facing wildfires. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国西南部一个村庄附近山林突发野火，消防员赶来灭火，最终火势被扑灭且无人受伤的故事。 1．根据“A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village.”可知，野火始于村庄附近的山里。故填Near a village in southwestern China. 2．根据“The wind made the fire spread quickly.”可知，风让野火迅速蔓延。故填The strong wind. 3．根据“The firefighters arrived soon.”可知，消防员赶来帮助村民。故填The firefighters. 4．根据“Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days.”可知，灭火用了两天时间。故填Two days. 5．根据“The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires.”可知，村民承诺学习更多应对野火的方法。故填Learn more about facing wildfires. Earthquakes may happen in some areas every year. How can we save ourselves when an earthquake happens? Remember the following advice that can keep you safe. Leave quickly. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. Don’t use a lift. It may be very dangerous. You should be careful and try not to fall down when you go downstairs. Accidents may happen when many people rush on crowded stairs. Remember to run to the open ground away from street lights or power lines. Value lives. Some people care about the things that are valuable. You will lose the best opportunity to run away. Anything is less valuable than your lives. Keep calm. When you are caught in a building, you should keep calm. Don’t shout all the time. You should save your energy and try to find some food and water. Answer the questions according to the passage. 1．Is it safe to use a lift when an earthquake happens? 2．Why should we avoid falling down when we go downstairs? 3．What should we do to keep safe if we can’t escape from the building in time? 4．What is the most valuable thing to us according to the passage? 5．What can we learn from the passage? 【答案】1．No./ No, it isn’t. 2．Because accidents may happen when many people rush up crowded stairs. 3．We should keep calm, save our energy and try to find some food and water. 4．Our lives./The life./Life./The lives./Lives. 5．We should remember some advice to keep safe when an earthquake happens.(开放性试题，回答合理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了地震发生时的自救建议，包括快速撤离、珍惜生命、保持冷静等方法。 1．根据“Don’t use a lift. It may be very dangerous.”可知，地震发生时使用电梯不安全。故填No./ No, it isn’t. 2．根据“Accidents may happen when many people rush on crowded stairs.”可知，下楼时避免摔倒可以防止拥挤楼梯上发生事故。故填Because accidents may happen when many people rush on crowded stairs. 3．根据“When you are caught in a building, you should keep calm…save your energy and try to find some food and water.”可知，被困建筑时应保持冷静、保存体力并寻找食物和水。故填We should keep calm, save our energy and try to find some food and water. 4．根据“Anything is less valuable than your lives.”可知，生命是最宝贵的东西。故填Our lives./The life./Life./The lives./Lives. 5．根据“Remember the following advice that can keep you safe.”可知，我们可以学到地震时的安全自救建议。开放性试题，回答合理即可。故填We should remember some advice to keep safe when an earthquake happens. On 26th December 2004, at 7:58 a.m., there was a big earthquake in the Indian Ocean, near Indonesia. The tsunami that followed killed more than 150,000 people and left 5 million homeless. Peter and Kale from England were spending their holidays in Phuket with their dad. Now Peter is talking about that terrible day. “When the tsunami hit, we were sleeping in the hotel. My sister and I woke up because we heard the police shout. We left Dad asleep and went down to find out what was going on. Outside, people were standing in shock. Suddenly, a man shouted, ‘Another one...There’s another one coming!’ We ran as quickly as possible to our room. While Dad was talking on the phone with Mum, the phone went dead. We left the hotel at once. On our way to the airport, we saw the beach ... It was full of broken beach umbrellas and boats. People were looking for their families. It was terrible! We were not dead because we didn’t go to the beach earlier that morning! Lots of other people weren’t that lucky. We just wanted to go home but the airport was closed! We’ll never forget what we saw over those days.” 1．Where did the big earthquake happen? 2．What did Peter and Kale do after they woke up? 3．According to the passage, what does the underlined word “one” refer to? 4．What did they see on their way to the airport? 5．How might Peter feel when they found the airport was closed? 【答案】1．It happened in the Indian Ocean, near Indonesia. 2．They left Dad asleep and went down to find out what was going on. 3．The tsunami. 4．The beach was full of broken beach umbrellas and boats, and people were looking for their families. 5．Afraid and nervous./... 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了2004年印度洋地震引发的海啸对Peter一家造成的灾难性影响，以及他们逃生的经历。 1．根据“On 26th December 2004, at 7:58 a.m., there was a big earthquake in the Indian Ocean, near Indonesia.”可知，印度尼西亚附近的印度洋发生了大地震。故填It happened in the Indian Ocean, near Indonesia. 2．根据“We left Dad asleep and went down to find out what was going on.”可知，Peter和Kale醒来后，让爸爸继续睡觉，自己下楼去查看发生了什么。故填They left Dad asleep and went down to find out what was going on. 3．根据“Suddenly, a man shouted, ‘Another one… There’s another one coming!’”以及“The tsunami that followed killed more than 150,000 people and left 5 million homeless.”可知，此处指海啸。故填The tsunami. 4．根据“On our way to the airport, we saw the beach ... It was full of broken beach umbrellas and boats. People were looking for their families”可知，在去机场的路上，他们看到海滩上满是破损的遮阳伞和船只，人们正在寻找家人。故填The beach was full of broken beach umbrellas and boats, and people were looking for their families. 5．根据“We just wanted to go home but the airport was closed!”以及发生海啸的背景可推知，Peter当时的心情是害怕且紧张不安的。故填Afraid and nervous./... 进阶拓展训练5篇 阅读短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 Floods (洪水) often happen after or during heavy rain. Too much water can cause damage (损害) to homes and roads and can even wash cars away. More importantly, floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. If a flood happens suddenly without getting prepared, people may have no way to run. The weather report helps people prepare for heavy rain and floods. People try to protect their things by putting sandbags in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes. Floods are more likely to come to lower places, so people living in lower areas or near rivers are more likely to be in danger. If the heavy rain is reported early, the people in these areas will be saved before the floods arrive. Some scientists say that because of global warming (全球变暖), more places may have heavy rain and floods. Because it’s difficult to stop the floods, scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly. Floods can happen quickly in many parts of the world. We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before they begin. Stay away from water and get to higher ground during the floods. Finally, go back home carefully. There could be something dangerous in the dirty water that washes into your home. Clean your home as soon as possible after the flood is gone. 1．When do floods often happen? 2．How do people try to protect their things from floods? 3．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 4．What should we do after a flood according to the passage? (no more than 10 words) 【答案】1．Floods often happen after or during heavy rain. 2．People try to protect their things by putting sandbags in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes. 3．因为很难阻止洪水的发生，所以科学家们把时间花在寻找能更早发现洪水的方法上，这样人们就可以迅速撤离。 4．We should go back home carefully and clean it quickly. 【导语】本文介绍了洪水的发生时间、危害，以及人们应对洪水的准备措施、科学家的研究方向和洪水后的注意事项。 1．第1段直接表述“Floods (洪水) often happen after or during heavy rain”，这是洪水发生的具体时间。 2．第2段提到“People try to protect their things by putting sandbags in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes”，这是人们保护房屋的具体方式。 3．划线句“Because it’s difficult to stop the floods, scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly”，逐词对应翻译为：因为很难阻止洪水的发生，所以科学家们把时间花在寻找能更早发现洪水的方法上，这样人们就可以迅速撤离。 4．最后一段指出“go back home carefully...Clean your home as soon as possible”，提炼为不超过10词的内容。 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 There was a little boy whose name was Peter. He lived in a village close to the sea. The villagers built sea walls to keep sea water from the doors of the houses. But once the sea walls almost put the village in great danger. One day, Peter was walking on his way back home along the sea wall when it began to rain. All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the wall, from which the sea water was running. Peter shouted for help but no answer came. He realized he should do something else as quickly as possible, or the sea water could be pouring over the whole village. He started to rush towards his village. At the same time, the rain became heavier and heavier. It was getting dark, but Peter rushed on and on. He felt cold and hungry. In the rainstorm, he fell down over and over again. Many times he thought about giving up, but he fought on. He remembered his father’s words, “Lots of strong men have made every effort to build the walls which can keep the village safe from danger. The sea walls are really important.” Finally, when the boy’s father saw him, Peter had been black and blue all over. The boy told the villagers what had happened to the sea wall. They repaired it in time. “Thank God! He saved the village,” they praised Peter. All the villagers called him “Peter the Guard” from then on. Peter’s parents were really proud of him! 1．What did Peter do first after he saw a hole in the wall? 2．How did Peter feel when he rushed on and on? 3．Who told Peter about the importance of the sea walls? 4．Why did the villagers call Peter “Peter the Guard”? 5．Are you afraid of rainstorms? What will you do if you experience a rainstorm? 【答案】1．He shouted for help. 2．He felt cold and hungry. 3．Peter’s father. 4．Because he saved the village. 5．Yes, I am. I will calm down and think about how to keep safe carefully. 【导语】本文讲述了小男孩Peter发现海堤漏洞后，克服困难及时通知村民修补，从而保护村庄免受海水侵袭，最终被村民誉为“守卫者彼得”的故事。 1．根据“All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the wall, from which the sea water was running. Peter shouted for help but no answer came.”可知，他发现墙上有洞后立刻就呼喊求助，但没人回应。故填He shouted for help. 2．根据“It was getting dark, but Peter rushed on and on. He felt cold and hungry.”可知，他在暴雨中奔跑时感到又冷又饿。故填He felt cold and hungry. 3．根据“He remembered his father’s words, ‘Lots of strong men have made every effort to build the walls which can keep the village safe from danger. The sea walls are really important.’”可知，Peter的父亲告诉他海堤的重要性。故填Peter’s father. 4．根据“‘Thank God! He saved the village,’ they praised Peter. All the villagers called him ‘Peter the Guard’ from then on.”可知，村民之所以称他为Peter the Guard是因为他及时报警，使村民修复海堤，从而拯救了村庄。故填Because he saved the village. 5．本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。故填Yes, I am. I will calm down and think about how to keep safe carefully. The Ice Storm It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this wasn’t ordinary rain—it turned to ice as it fell through the cold air. It rained for six days and as much as ten centimetres of ice collected on roads, trees and power lines. On 5th January, the people of Montreal woke up to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back at any time. However, the ice kept falling. It caused branches and the whole trees to fall down. More power lines fell down and the roads became even more dangerous. By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army sent over 14,000 soldiers to help. Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble wasn’t over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives. Most of the power lines were so badly damaged that they couldn’t be repaired. Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998. 1．Why did the people of Montreal have to stay inside? 2．What was the ice like as it started to melt? 3．What bad results did the disaster cause for many homes and people? 4．What preparations should we make before disasters in daily life? 【答案】1．Because it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. 2．It fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives. 3．Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. 4．Prepare flashlights, and store enough emergency supplies./… 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1998年加拿大遭遇的一场严重冰暴灾害，描述了冰暴的形成、持续六天的影响（断电、交通危险、食物短缺）、军队救援以及灾后重建的艰难，展现了自然灾害的巨大破坏力。 1．根据第二段“It was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm.”可知，蒙特利尔的人们必须待在室内是因为外出步行或开车都非常危险。故填Because it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. 2．根据最后一段“As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives.”可知，冰开始融化时，像刀子一样从建筑物的屋顶和树上落下。故填It fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives. 3．根据最后一段“Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses.”可知，这场灾难导致许多房屋被毁，许多人（尤其是农民）失去了他们的生计。故填Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. 4．本题为开放性问答，要求提出日常生活中应对灾害的准备工作。答案需合理可行。示例：我们应该准备手电筒，储备足够的食物和水，并备好保暖衣物和药品。故填Prepare flashlights, and store enough emergency supplies./… 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Floods, droughts, storms, hot days… extreme (极端的) weather is becoming more and more common all over the world. This is caused by greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) from human activities, reported China Daily. In the summer of 2024, big storms hit areas of Europe. At least 13 people died in Austria, France and Italy by Aug. 19. In Portugal and Spain, huge wildfires forced thousands of people to leave their homes. In the US, more than 80 percent of the west was in drought, causing three-quarters of farmers in these areas to stop growing food. In China, the heat hit the south starting from June 2024. The duration (持续时间) of 2024’s high temperatures broke the 62-day record in 2013, becoming the longest heat wave in 61 years. If you visited Chongqing in the summer of 2024, you may have seen a very “dark” city: no more neon lights (霓虹灯) in the streets with only a few lights on in shopping malls. The highest temperature there reached ! People there had no choice but to turn on the air conditioner the whole day, which was a big burden for the power system. Extreme weather has also made 218 of the known 375 diseases more serious. You may have heard the word “thermoplegia (热射病)” in 2024. It is the most serious type of sunstroke (中暑). Many cases of death were reported to be caused by it that summer. If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will damage their organs (器官) and make people feel sick, even die. 1．What does “This” refer to (指的是) in Paragraph One? 2．What made Chongqing a “dark” city according to the passage? 3．What is thermoplegia? 4．How can we, as middle school students, help deal with extreme weather problems in daily life? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．Extreme weather is becoming more and more common all over the world. 2．High temperature. 3．It is the most serious sunstroke. 4．We can save electricity by turning off unused lights. Walk or bike for short trips. Sort and recycle waste. Plant small trees. Tell friends to protect the environment. Small steps help fight extreme weather. (合理即可) 【导语】本文主要讲述了极端天气在全球日益普遍的现象，介绍了其成因、在多国造成的影响，以及对人类健康的危害，并呼吁人们采取行动应对。 1．第一段前半句明确提出“extreme (极端的) weather is becoming more and more common all over the world”，后半句用“This”引出该现象的成因，因此答案是对前文核心内容的直接提取。 2．第三段提到重庆2024年夏季遭遇极端高温，“People there had no choice but to turn on the air conditioner the whole day, which was a big burden for the power system”，高温导致电力负荷过大，进而出现“no more neon lights (霓虹灯) in the streets”的“黑暗”城市景象，答案可将根本原因概括为“High temperature”。 3．第四段明确指出“It is the most serious type of sunstroke (中暑)”，答案可直接引述原文对“thermoplegia (热射病)”的定义。 4．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，需结合文章主题和学生身份提出可行建议。   The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666. In four days, it destroyed more than half of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire began in a baker’s house. Then a strong wind blew the fire into a small hotel next door. Quickly, it spread into Thames Street. But that was just the beginning. By eight o’clock, three hundred houses were on fire. The third day was the worst day. The fire destroyed many famous buildings. Many people threw their things and themselves into the Thames River. However, some people still stayed in their houses until the last moment because they didn’t want to lose their property (财产). And many birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 1．When did the Great Fire of London start? 2．Did the fire destroy many famous buildings? 3．Why did many birds fall out of the air? 4．What was the most important factor (因素) in stopping the Great Fire of London? 5．If you were a Londoner during the Great Fire, what would you do to protect yourself and your property? 【答案】1．In the very early hours of September 2, 2. 3．Yes, it did. 4．Because of the heat from the fire. 5．The King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. 6．I would first try to take my most important and valuable property and quickly move to a safe place far away from the area. If there was no time to collect property, I would run to a safe place at once. 【导语】本文主要记述了1666年伦敦大火的起因、经过以及最终被扑灭的过程，描述了这场灾难对城市和居民造成的巨大破坏。 1．原文第一段明确提到：“The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666.” 该句直接交代了大火发生的具体日期和时间。 2．文中第二段明确指出：“The fire destroyed many famous buildings.” 这直接证明了大火确实摧毁了许多著名建筑。 3．原文第二段末尾提到：“…many birds fell out of the air because of the heat.” 该句直接解释了由于大火产生的高温导致了鸟类的坠落。 4．原文第三段指出：“The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire.” 这说明阻止火势蔓延的关键因素在于国王下令拆除建筑以切断火源。 5．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。解析应简要引用文中相关事实作为理由依据进行评述。例如可以参考文中提到的逃往泰晤士河或及时搬离易燃的木质房屋等行为。 能力综合实践5篇 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in the mountains. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake. In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake! Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were visitors, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that point, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. He also distributed (分配) all the mobile phones and made sure each group had one. They used them as flashlights. Early the next morning the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, but the group members helped and cared for each other after twelve hours’ walking, they finally got out safely. By then it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for surviving. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the earthquake happen? 2．How many people were there in the special team? 3．What does the underlined word “theirs” refer to? 4．How many groups did Mr Lin divide these people into? 5．What do you learn from this passage? 【答案】1．In the early afternoon. 2．3. 4．Their food. 5．Five (groups). 6．The spirit of teamwork plays an important role. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了林先生夫妇在山中度假时遭遇地震，带领23名游客组成团队，在困境中互相帮助、团结协作，最终成功脱险的故事，传递了团结与希望的力量。 1．根据“They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake.”可知，地震发生在下午早些时候。故填In the early afternoon. 2．根据“Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people.”可知，团队总人数为林夫妇2人加上23名其他人，即2+23=25人。故填25. 3．根据“Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones.”可知，“theirs”指代的是年轻人找到的食物。故填Their food. 4．根据“After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups.”可知，林先生将这些人分成了五组。故填Five (groups). 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，可从团结互助、保持希望、冷静应对困境等角度作答。故填The spirit of teamwork plays an important role. In August, 2022, Chongqing had a very hard time. The city suffered record-breaking heat, with the highest temperature above 40℃ for weeks. Because of the hot and dry weather, large forest fires swept through many parts of the city. Firefighters worked hard to put out the fires, but they were not the only heroes. In Beibei District, a large number of motorcyclists (摩托车手) played an important role in fire control. Li Xin is the owner of a motorcycle club in Beibei District. He organized a team of 15 club members as volunteers. They transported supplies for the firefighters in Xiema Town, the centre of the local fires. “It is my honour and duty to guard my hometown,” he said. The team members took turns using nine motorcycles to carry food, water and whatever firefighters needed. They also helped transport firefighters to certain places. There were hundreds of motorcyclists like Li. Most of them were in their twenties. They rode on the poor mountain roads and carried a large basket full of supplies on their back. Some fell and got hurt even though they had the best motorcycle skills. Some got heatstroke (中暑) after working long hours. They didn’t have much time for sleep, but they were in high spirits at all times. Besides riding on the difficult roads, these motorcyclists also helped cut wood and put out fires. They stayed and helped till the fires were finally put out. Without them the fires couldn’t be put out so quickly. 1．What problem did the 2022 summer heat cause in Chongqing? 2．What did Li Xin and his team do to help with fire control? 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? 4．What advantages (优势) did motorcyclists have in controlling the forest fires in Chongqing? 5．What can we learn from the young motorcyclists? 【答案】1．It caused many large forest fires. 2．They transported supplies and firefighters. 3．The hard work of the motorcyclists. 4．They had good motorcycle skills, so they could ride on the poor mountain roads. 5．We young people should join in protecting our community when disasters come. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了2022年8月重庆因持续高温干旱引发森林火灾，消防员与众多年轻摩托车手齐心协力参与灭火的故事。 1．第一段明确提到“Because of the hot and dry weather, large forest fires swept through many parts of the city.”，这说明高温干旱引发的直接问题是森林火灾。 2．第三段和第四段分别提到他们“transported supplies for the firefighters”以及“helped transport firefighters to certain places”，这说明李新和他的团队为消防队员运送物资，还帮助运送消防队员到某些地方。 3．第五段描述了摩托车手们走山路、背物资、摔倒受伤、中暑、缺少睡眠但精神饱满，这些都是他们遇到的困难与付出的努力。 4．从第五段中“They rode on the poor mountain roads”和第六段中“Besides riding on the difficult roads”可以看出，摩托车能走山路、到达其他车辆无法到达的地方，这是他们的主要优势。 5．全文体现了摩托车手们勇敢、有责任感、团队合作、无私奉献的精神。答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为We young people should join in protecting our community when disasters come. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。 Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do during an earthquake, so here is some advice. Inside Do not jump out of high buildings. Hide under a table. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Keep clear of fires. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking, but do not use the lift. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful. Outside Move away from buildings, because parts of a building may fall on you. Do not stand near street lights or under power lines. Stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a bus or car, stay in it. In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to higher ground. In short, follow what you have learned in school. You can be safe and you can also help save others. 1．Why is it difficult to warn people about earthquakes? 2．What is the passage mainly about? 3．Can we jump out of high buildings when we are inside? 4．From the sentence “Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful.”, what qualities (品质) should we have when an earthquake happens? 5．What should we be careful of when we are in the mountains? 【答案】1．Because earthquakes always happen suddenly. 2．What to do in an earthquake./Some advice about what to do in an earthquake. 3．No, we can’t. 4．Keep calm, be brave and helpful. 5．Falling rocks. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了在室内、室外等不同地点遭遇地震时的具体建议，目的是帮助人们在地震中保持安全并能够救助他人。 1．根据第一段“Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.”可知，地震总是突然发生，所以很难向人们发出预警。故填Because earthquakes always happen suddenly. 2．根据第一段“Usually people have little or no idea about what to do during an earthquake, so here is some advice.”可知，文章开篇指出人们在地震发生时不知如何应对，接着从室内、室外等不同场景给出具体建议，所以文章主旨是关于地震发生时该做什么的一些建议。故填What to do in an earthquake./Some advice about what to do in an earthquake. 3．根据“Inside”中“Do not jump out of high buildings.”可知，不要从高楼跳下。故填No, we can’t. 4．根据“Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful.”可知，地震发生时，我们应该保持冷静、勇敢且乐于助人，这些就是我们应具备的品质。故填Keep calm, be brave and helpful. 5．根据“Outside”中“In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks.”可知，在山里时要小心掉落的岩石。故填Falling rocks. When you look at a mountain with snow on the top, it looks so beautiful. But that can change very quickly if an avalanche happens. An avalanche is quite a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain, usually on slopes (斜坡) of 30° to 45°. It can move at speeds at 96 km/h to 129 km/h. Different things can make avalanches happen suddenly. About 90% of avalanches happen because of humans, like climbers and snow mobiles (雪地摩托). Strong winds, earthquakes, and even animals can also make them happen. Avalanches happen all year around. Most of them are small, but in high mountains, such as the Alps and the Himalayas, they can be very large and dangerous. When it happens, the fast-moving snow, ice and rocks can cover people, all the houses and villages along the way. The snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold. However, what can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? Education and right training can help. They can give us useful advice. For example, never start climbing when the snow begins melting (融化), especially in spring. Avalanches may happen in this season at any minute. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Bring useful tools, like a beacon (信标) to help others find you. Phones sometimes don’t work on mountains. Keeping quiet on the mountains is also important. Anyway, avalanches are part of nature. We need to have respect for the mountains and weather all the time. 1．According to the passage, what’s the meaning of “avalanche” in Chinese? 2．How many reasons for avalanches are talked in the passage? (1 word) 3．What are the possible results of an avalanche according to the passage? (no more than 12 words) 4．What can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? (no more than 8 words) 5．What’s the purpose of the passage? (no more than 10 words) 【答案】1．雪崩 2．4/Four. 3．Cover people, houses, villages and cause death from cold. 4．Get education, training, and follow safety advice. 5．To raise awareness and promote mountain safety. 【导语】本文通过解释雪崩的危害和预防措施，旨在强调尊重大自然、提高安全意识。 1．根据“An avalanche is quite a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain, usually on slopes (斜坡) of 30° to 45°. It can move at speeds at 96 km/h to 129 km/h.”可知，文章描述avalanche是大量雪、冰、岩石从山坡快速滑落的现象，对应中文“雪崩”。故填：雪崩。 2．根据“About 90% of avalanches happen because of humans, like climbers and snow mobiles (雪地摩托). Strong winds, earthquakes, and even animals can also make them happen.”可知，文中提到雪崩的四个诱因：人类活动（如登山、雪地摩托）、强风、地震和动物。故填4/Four. 3．根据“When it happens, the fast-moving snow, ice and rocks can cover people, all the houses and villages along the way. The snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold.”可知，第四段提到雪崩会掩埋人、房屋和村庄，积雪变硬使被困者无法脱身而冻死，故填Cover people, houses, villages and cause death from cold. 4．根据“Education and right training can help. They can give us useful advice.”可知，为了保证安全，可以通过教育、训练学习安全知识，也应该遵循安全建议，故填Get education, training, and follow safety advice. 5．通读全文可知，通过解释雪崩的危害和预防措施，旨在强调尊重大自然、提高安全意识。故填To raise awareness and promote mountain safety. 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18,1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱). But the following fire burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels and the great houses of the rich are all gone. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The railway tracks were now useIess and there was no water in water pipes. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds when the earth moved. By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay (海湾). Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, the fire spread quickly. Soon, many buildings were gone. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those on the streets. Tens of thousands of who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. 1．Which was more destructive (破坏性的), the earthquake or the fire? 2．When did the earthquake happen? 3．Where was the writer? 4．Why did the fire spread so fast? 5．What’s the passage mainly about? 【答案】1．The fire. 2．On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five on April 18, 3. 4．The writer was on a ship on the bay./On a ship on the bay. 5．Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction./Because there were strong winds from every direction. 6．It is about the earthquake that hit San Francisco. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1906年旧金山地震及随后引发的大火给城市带来的毁灭性灾难，以及在灾难中人们的表现。 1．根据第一段“But the following fire burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes.”以及“Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.”可知，地震震倒了价值数十万美元的墙壁和烟囱，而大火烧毁了价值数亿美元的建筑和房屋，城市被大火彻底摧毁，所以火灾的破坏性更大。故填The fire. 2．根据第一段“The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18,1906”和第二段“On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake.”可知，1906年4月18日星期三早上五点一刻地震发生了。故填On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five on April 18, 1906. 3．根据第三段“At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay.”可知，作者当时在海湾的一艘船上。故填The writer was on a ship on the bay./On a ship on the bay. 4．根据第三段“Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, the fire spread quickly.”可知，大火迅速蔓延的原因是强风从各个方向吹向城市。故填Because strong winds blew upon the city from every direction./Because there were strong winds from every direction. 5．本文主要描述了1906年旧金山地震的发生时间、引发的大火以及大火造成的破坏，最后还提到了灾难中幸存者的表现；因此，本文主要是关于1906年旧金山的地震。故填It is about the earthquake that hit San Francisco. 20 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 21 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读回答问题进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 On December 18, 2023, a magnitude (震级) 6.2 earthquake hit Jishishan County in Linxia, Gansu Province. It was the most serious earthquake in the past nine years. Up to December 22nd, it had taken 117 lives and injured 781 people in Gansu Province. On April 3, 2024, A 7.3-magnitude earthquake shook the sea area near Hualien in China’s Taiwan. The earthquake hit at 7:58 a.m. and strong shakes were felt across Taiwan. Xinhua reporters in Taipei experienced serious shakes as their apartment building shook without stopping for over one minute. Taiwan lies right along the Pacific Ring of Fire. 90% of the world’s earthquakes happen in this Ring of Fire. Hualien last faced a deadly earthquake in 2018, which pulled down a historic hotel and many other buildings. The worst earthquake in Taiwan island in recent years happened on September 21st, 1999. Since it took place at midnight, its results were very serious—2,400 deaths and around 100,000 injuries. The earthquake was also felt in Shanghai and other provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdong. An earthquake may happen at any time. Although we can’t prevent an earthquake from happening, schools should hold earthquake drills often to teach students the ways to protect themselves. It’s very important for students to know what to do, where to be safe and who to call. Being prepared helps reduce disaster risks. 1．When did the earthquake hit Jishishan County? 2．How long did the 2024 Hualien earthquake last? 3．Where do 90% of earthquakes happen? 4．Who also felt the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, people in Gansu or people in Jiangsu? 5．Why should students learn how to act during earthquakes? A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I noticed that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very scared.” Mrs Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How many people altogether were homeless after the storm? 2．How long did the storm last? 3．What was Mr Tan doing when he heard a loud noise? 4．Who helped to take people out of the flooded area? 5．What kind of aid did the welfare department provide to the affected people? 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过10个词。 A Night of the Wildfire It was a cold night in southwestern China. A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village. The wind made the fire spread quickly. Thick smoke filled the air, and the heat was terrible. The villagers were very scared. Some tried to put out the fire with water, but it was useless. The firefighters arrived soon. They worked day and night to control the fire. They told the villagers to hide in the safe rooms and wait for rescue. Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days. No villagers were hurt, but some houses were damaged. The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires. 1．Where did the wildfire start? 2．What made the wildfire spread quickly? 3．Who arrived to help the villagers? 4．How long did it take to put out the fire? 5．What did the villagers promise to do? Earthquakes may happen in some areas every year. How can we save ourselves when an earthquake happens? Remember the following advice that can keep you safe. Leave quickly. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. Don’t use a lift. It may be very dangerous. You should be careful and try not to fall down when you go downstairs. Accidents may happen when many people rush on crowded stairs. Remember to run to the open ground away from street lights or power lines. Value lives. Some people care about the things that are valuable. You will lose the best opportunity to run away. Anything is less valuable than your lives. Keep calm. When you are caught in a building, you should keep calm. Don’t shout all the time. You should save your energy and try to find some food and water. Answer the questions according to the passage. 1．Is it safe to use a lift when an earthquake happens? 2．Why should we avoid falling down when we go downstairs? 3．What should we do to keep safe if we can’t escape from the building in time? 4．What is the most valuable thing to us according to the passage? 5．What can we learn from the passage? On 26th December 2004, at 7:58 a.m., there was a big earthquake in the Indian Ocean, near Indonesia. The tsunami that followed killed more than 150,000 people and left 5 million homeless. Peter and Kale from England were spending their holidays in Phuket with their dad. Now Peter is talking about that terrible day. “When the tsunami hit, we were sleeping in the hotel. My sister and I woke up because we heard the police shout. We left Dad asleep and went down to find out what was going on. Outside, people were standing in shock. Suddenly, a man shouted, ‘Another one...There’s another one coming!’ We ran as quickly as possible to our room. While Dad was talking on the phone with Mum, the phone went dead. We left the hotel at once. On our way to the airport, we saw the beach ... It was full of broken beach umbrellas and boats. People were looking for their families. It was terrible! We were not dead because we didn’t go to the beach earlier that morning! Lots of other people weren’t that lucky. We just wanted to go home but the airport was closed! We’ll never forget what we saw over those days.” 1．Where did the big earthquake happen? 2．What did Peter and Kale do after they woke up? 3．According to the passage, what does the underlined word “one” refer to? 4．What did they see on their way to the airport? 5．How might Peter feel when they found the airport was closed? 进阶拓展训练5篇 阅读短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 Floods (洪水) often happen after or during heavy rain. Too much water can cause damage (损害) to homes and roads and can even wash cars away. More importantly, floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. If a flood happens suddenly without getting prepared, people may have no way to run. The weather report helps people prepare for heavy rain and floods. People try to protect their things by putting sandbags in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes. Floods are more likely to come to lower places, so people living in lower areas or near rivers are more likely to be in danger. If the heavy rain is reported early, the people in these areas will be saved before the floods arrive. Some scientists say that because of global warming (全球变暖), more places may have heavy rain and floods. Because it’s difficult to stop the floods, scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly. Floods can happen quickly in many parts of the world. We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before they begin. Stay away from water and get to higher ground during the floods. Finally, go back home carefully. There could be something dangerous in the dirty water that washes into your home. Clean your home as soon as possible after the flood is gone. 1．When do floods often happen? 2．How do people try to protect their things from floods? 3．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 4．What should we do after a flood according to the passage? (no more than 10 words) There was a little boy whose name was Peter. He lived in a village close to the sea. The villagers built sea walls to keep sea water from the doors of the houses. But once the sea walls almost put the village in great danger. One day, Peter was walking on his way back home along the sea wall when it began to rain. All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the wall, from which the sea water was running. Peter shouted for help but no answer came. He realized he should do something else as quickly as possible, or the sea water could be pouring over the whole village. He started to rush towards his village. At the same time, the rain became heavier and heavier. It was getting dark, but Peter rushed on and on. He felt cold and hungry. In the rainstorm, he fell down over and over again. Many times he thought about giving up, but he fought on. He remembered his father’s words, “Lots of strong men have made every effort to build the walls which can keep the village safe from danger. The sea walls are really important.” Finally, when the boy’s father saw him, Peter had been black and blue all over. The boy told the villagers what had happened to the sea wall. They repaired it in time. “Thank God! He saved the village,” they praised Peter. All the villagers called him “Peter the Guard” from then on. Peter’s parents were really proud of him! 1．What did Peter do first after he saw a hole in the wall? 2．How did Peter feel when he rushed on and on? 3．Who told Peter about the importance of the sea walls? 4．Why did the villagers call Peter “Peter the Guard”? 5．Are you afraid of rainstorms? What will you do if you experience a rainstorm? The Ice Storm It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this wasn’t ordinary rain—it turned to ice as it fell through the cold air. It rained for six days and as much as ten centimetres of ice collected on roads, trees and power lines. On 5th January, the people of Montreal woke up to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back at any time. However, the ice kept falling. It caused branches and the whole trees to fall down. More power lines fell down and the roads became even more dangerous. By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army sent over 14,000 soldiers to help. Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble wasn’t over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives. Most of the power lines were so badly damaged that they couldn’t be repaired. Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998. 1．Why did the people of Montreal have to stay inside? 2．What was the ice like as it started to melt? 3．What bad results did the disaster cause for many homes and people? 4．What preparations should we make before disasters in daily life? 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Floods, droughts, storms, hot days… extreme (极端的) weather is becoming more and more common all over the world. This is caused by greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) from human activities, reported China Daily. In the summer of 2024, big storms hit areas of Europe. At least 13 people died in Austria, France and Italy by Aug. 19. In Portugal and Spain, huge wildfires forced thousands of people to leave their homes. In the US, more than 80 percent of the west was in drought, causing three-quarters of farmers in these areas to stop growing food. In China, the heat hit the south starting from June 2024. The duration (持续时间) of 2024’s high temperatures broke the 62-day record in 2013, becoming the longest heat wave in 61 years. If you visited Chongqing in the summer of 2024, you may have seen a very “dark” city: no more neon lights (霓虹灯) in the streets with only a few lights on in shopping malls. The highest temperature there reached ! People there had no choice but to turn on the air conditioner the whole day, which was a big burden for the power system. Extreme weather has also made 218 of the known 375 diseases more serious. You may have heard the word “thermoplegia (热射病)” in 2024. It is the most serious type of sunstroke (中暑). Many cases of death were reported to be caused by it that summer. If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will damage their organs (器官) and make people feel sick, even die. 1．What does “This” refer to (指的是) in Paragraph One? 2．What made Chongqing a “dark” city according to the passage? 3．What is thermoplegia? 4．How can we, as middle school students, help deal with extreme weather problems in daily life? Write 30 words or more. The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666. In four days, it destroyed more than half of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire began in a baker’s house. Then a strong wind blew the fire into a small hotel next door. Quickly, it spread into Thames Street. But that was just the beginning. By eight o’clock, three hundred houses were on fire. The third day was the worst day. The fire destroyed many famous buildings. Many people threw their things and themselves into the Thames River. However, some people still stayed in their houses until the last moment because they didn’t want to lose their property (财产). And many birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 1．When did the Great Fire of London start? 2．Did the fire destroy many famous buildings? 3．Why did many birds fall out of the air? 4．What was the most important factor (因素) in stopping the Great Fire of London? 5．If you were a Londoner during the Great Fire, what would you do to protect yourself and your property? 能力综合实践5篇 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in the mountains. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake. In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake! Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were visitors, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that point, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. He also distributed (分配) all the mobile phones and made sure each group had one. They used them as flashlights. Early the next morning the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, but the group members helped and cared for each other after twelve hours’ walking, they finally got out safely. By then it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for surviving. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the earthquake happen? 2．How many people were there in the special team? 3．What does the underlined word “theirs” refer to? 4．How many groups did Mr Lin divide these people into? 5．What do you learn from this passage? In August, 2022, Chongqing had a very hard time. The city suffered record-breaking heat, with the highest temperature above 40℃ for weeks. Because of the hot and dry weather, large forest fires swept through many parts of the city. Firefighters worked hard to put out the fires, but they were not the only heroes. In Beibei District, a large number of motorcyclists (摩托车手) played an important role in fire control. Li Xin is the owner of a motorcycle club in Beibei District. He organized a team of 15 club members as volunteers. They transported supplies for the firefighters in Xiema Town, the centre of the local fires. “It is my honour and duty to guard my hometown,” he said. The team members took turns using nine motorcycles to carry food, water and whatever firefighters needed. They also helped transport firefighters to certain places. There were hundreds of motorcyclists like Li. Most of them were in their twenties. They rode on the poor mountain roads and carried a large basket full of supplies on their back. Some fell and got hurt even though they had the best motorcycle skills. Some got heatstroke (中暑) after working long hours. They didn’t have much time for sleep, but they were in high spirits at all times. Besides riding on the difficult roads, these motorcyclists also helped cut wood and put out fires. They stayed and helped till the fires were finally put out. Without them the fires couldn’t be put out so quickly. 1．What problem did the 2022 summer heat cause in Chongqing? 2．What did Li Xin and his team do to help with fire control? 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? 4．What advantages (优势) did motorcyclists have in controlling the forest fires in Chongqing? 5．What can we learn from the young motorcyclists? 阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。 Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do during an earthquake, so here is some advice. Inside Do not jump out of high buildings. Hide under a table. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Keep clear of fires. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking, but do not use the lift. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful. Outside Move away from buildings, because parts of a building may fall on you. Do not stand near street lights or under power lines. Stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a bus or car, stay in it. In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to higher ground. In short, follow what you have learned in school. You can be safe and you can also help save others. 1．Why is it difficult to warn people about earthquakes? 2．What is the passage mainly about? 3．Can we jump out of high buildings when we are inside? 4．From the sentence “Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful.”, what qualities (品质) should we have when an earthquake happens? 5．What should we be careful of when we are in the mountains? When you look at a mountain with snow on the top, it looks so beautiful. But that can change very quickly if an avalanche happens. An avalanche is quite a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain, usually on slopes (斜坡) of 30° to 45°. It can move at speeds at 96 km/h to 129 km/h. Different things can make avalanches happen suddenly. About 90% of avalanches happen because of humans, like climbers and snow mobiles (雪地摩托). Strong winds, earthquakes, and even animals can also make them happen. Avalanches happen all year around. Most of them are small, but in high mountains, such as the Alps and the Himalayas, they can be very large and dangerous. When it happens, the fast-moving snow, ice and rocks can cover people, all the houses and villages along the way. The snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold. However, what can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? Education and right training can help. They can give us useful advice. For example, never start climbing when the snow begins melting (融化), especially in spring. Avalanches may happen in this season at any minute. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Bring useful tools, like a beacon (信标) to help others find you. Phones sometimes don’t work on mountains. Keeping quiet on the mountains is also important. Anyway, avalanches are part of nature. We need to have respect for the mountains and weather all the time. 1．According to the passage, what’s the meaning of “avalanche” in Chinese? 2．How many reasons for avalanches are talked in the passage? (1 word) 3．What are the possible results of an avalanche according to the passage? (no more than 12 words) 4．What can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? (no more than 8 words) 5．What’s the purpose of the passage? (no more than 10 words) 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18,1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱). But the following fire burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels and the great houses of the rich are all gone. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The railway tracks were now useIess and there was no water in water pipes. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds when the earth moved. By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay (海湾). Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet strong winds blew upon the unlucky city from every direction, the fire spread quickly. Soon, many buildings were gone. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those on the streets. Tens of thousands of who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. 1．Which was more destructive (破坏性的), the earthquake or the fire? 2．When did the earthquake happen? 3．Where was the writer? 4．Why did the fire spread so fast? 5．What’s the passage mainly about? 12 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 13 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $