上海市建平中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级开学考英语试题

**基本信息** 该试卷全面考查高二学生英语语言技能，涵盖语法、阅读、写作等模块，素材涉及环保（服装回收）、科技（漂浮农场）、文化（蒙娜丽莎）等时代话题，注重语言能力与文化意识培养，适配开学学情检测。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法单选|20题|介词、从句、非谓语等核心语法|结合环境危机、科技项目等真实情境，考查语法在语境中的应用| |完形填空|10题（Section C）|词汇辨析（如associated, reminders）|通过家庭物品情感故事，考查词汇在语篇中的精准运用| |阅读理解|29题（含Close）|环保、科技、文化、社会话题|设置推理题（如蒙娜丽莎背景分析）、细节题，培养思维品质| |概要写作/翻译|5题|信息整合与语言表达|要求概括旅行指南衰落原因，翻译结合校园活动、中国神话，提升综合语言运用能力|

建平中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级学生活动 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. 21. _________ the crises that humans are faced with is the ignorance of environmental issues. A. In B. For C. Among D. Like 22. _________ a certain degree, the time and effort _________ takes to plan and organize the games is way more than what people can imagine. A. On; that B. In; which C. To; it D. With; what 23. In _________ is celebrated as the first-rate resort. You will be entertained with _________ comfortable accommodation and friendly service. A. where; anything but B. which; none other than C. what; nothing but D. that; no more than 24. The room _________ 10 metres across and it can _________ a dedicated playroom for the two kids. A. .is measured; serve as B. measures; serve as C. measures; be served as D. is measured; be served as 25. _________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he was a native speaker. A. What; whom B. It; whose C. It; whom D. As; what 26. At the top of the hill _________ several cottages which overlook the wonderful view of the whole city. A. lied B. are lain C. lie D. lay 27. Word came _________ a free souvenir would be given to _________ comes first to the venue of the event. A. that; whoever B. when; who C. that; whomever D. where; no matter who 28. Her success is the living proof that _________ those around think of you will not necessarily influence _________ you become. A. ; how B. what; what C. that; how D. how; who 29. If you are to be successful in your start-up, you should stick to your budget, _________ I mean the whole expenses of it. A. for what B. in that C. but that D. by which 30. He had spent much of the summer holiday _________ himself to the scientific project. That's _________ he own an award in the competition. A. devoting; how B. devoting; why C. devoted; why D. devoted; how 31. It was _________ great courage _________ the boy told his parents the truth that he had made a serious mistake. A. in; that B. / ... when C. with; that D. by ... when 32. _________ has been mentioned above, philosophers, _________ back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks, have given the area much thought and emphasis, and their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia. A. It; dated B. As; dated C. Which; dating D. As; dating 33. If you _________ choose to be a professional game player, chances are _________ you won't be able to make your dream come true even if you work hard for it. A. will, / B. should; that C. must; that D. shall; / 34. _________ to the cause of football has rewarded the world-renowned coach with an enriched and fulfilled life. A. Committing himself. B. Being committed himself C. Committed D. Committing 35. Unfortunately, the social and professional life is not structured in the way _________ facilitates face-to-face interaction _________ the effective group performance. A. that; underlining B. where; underlined C. /; underlining D. what; underlining 36. It is essential that a student _________ learn _________ what he has learnt from books is put into practice. A. should; that B. must; how C. /; how D. does; that 37. We had better put off interviewing the Olympic winner, for he is busy _________ for an international contest _________ in US next month. A. preparing; to be taken place B. to prepare; to take pace C. to prepare; taking place D. preparing; to take place 38. It happened _________ heavily when he got there, but there were hundreds of eager fans who _________ for him. A. to rain; waiting B. to rain; had waited C. to be raining; were waiting D. to be raining; waiting 39. Don't let yourself _________ easily into buying things you don't need by ambush marketing seeking _________ shopping decision without tipping off the consumers about the manipulation. A. persuaded; influencing B. be persuaded; to influence C. be persuaded; influencing D. persuaded; to influence 40. Though she _________ to be an English teacher, Zhang Lu, the elegant woman translator often seen _________ beside officials, stood out for her excellent language skills when she graduated and was offered a job with the diplomatic service. A. intended; sit B. had intended; sit C. had intended; seated D. intended; sitting Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Clothes Are So Hard to Recycle? While most clothes with care will last for many years, changing fashions mean their lifespan is shortened by people's changing tastes. Industry figures suggest modern clothing has a lifespan of two to ten years, with underwear and t-shirts lasting just one to two years (41) _________ suits and coasts lasting for four to six years. Globally just 12% of the material used for clothing ends up (42) _________ (recycle). Compare that to paper, glass, and plastic bottles, (43) _________, respectively, have recycling rates of 66%, 27% and 29%. It is clear that clothing lags behind. Much of the problem comes down to (44) _________ our clothes are made from. The clothes are made from problematic blends of fibers, plastics and metals. For example, a typical pair of jeans is made from cotton fabrics and other components (45) _________ _________ zips and buttons and is dyed（染色）using a range of dyes. This makes it hard (46) _________ (separate) them so that they can be effectively recycled. Sorting textiles into different fibers and material types by hand is labor-intensive, slow, and requires a skilled workforce. Once sorted, the dyes that (47) _________ (apply) to the fabrics need to be removed in order for fabrics to be reused. Currently, however, very few of the clothes that are sent to be recycled are actually turned into new clothing. As of 2015, less than 1% of used clothing was recycled in this way. While there (48) _________ exist a healthy second-hand clothing market online, perhaps the most popular way of disposing of old clothes is simply to give them away so that they (49) _________ find reuse through charity shops. However, clothes donations are being used as a way of simply passing on the textile waste problem to others. If we ever hope to make our clothing sustainable, (50) _________ (fundamental) changes to the clothing industry will need to be made. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. associated B. barely C. inspired D. matters E. maturing F. opposite G. reluctantly H. reminders I. stocked J. storing K. tended The Privilege of Mess At every wedding I have been to this past year, the event space has been decorated with family portraits -- black-and-white photos of grandmothers and grandfathers, pictures of parents with giant smiles and 1970s hairstyles. As a child, I used to cry when looking at those __51__, like jewelry passing from mother to daughter. But it was not until this past summer, when I was planning my own wedding, that I understood just why these kinds of items __52__ so many complicated feelings. When my husband asked if we wanted to make a slideshow of our family photos for our own wedding, I realized that we __53__ had any. Both my grandparents emigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s. They feel in love with each other and the country that took them in. Their lives changed once more as the Cuban Revolution began in 1953. Material comforts began to disappear. Eventually, their business and home were both shut down by the government. In 1968, after moving to the United States, my grandfather __54__ to hoard. He would often find random items on the street and bring them home. My grandmother and my mother were more practical, __55__ canned foods and socks. We saved everything. Today, when my mother comes to visit, she still brings bags full of useful items. A full cupboard, a house __56__ with usable objects, is the ultimate expression of love. As a girl __57__ in the United States, I was often exhausted by this explosion of items. Like many who are privileged enough not to have to worry about having basic things, I tended to admire the __58__ -- the empty spaces of yoga studios, the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon. A few months ago, when I visited home, I started to tidy up by going through the things that counted most to me. Objects filled with memories of person I once was, and a person that part of me always will be. I did not want to give any of it up. They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them. But for families that have experienced __59__ giving up their dearest possessions, "putting things in order" is never going to be as simple as throwing them away. Everything they manage to hold on to __60__ deeply. Everything is confirmation that they survived. III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team's experiment on __61__ agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. __62__ helping nourish（滋养）the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the __63__ crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how - and where - they produce food. Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the __64__ system off balance. The race to __65__ the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is __66__ wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack's Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the __67__ method of solar farming. Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% __68__ sea level. The Wingerdens' Floating Farm was a new but __69__ attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn't necessarily __70__ in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found the __71__ for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions. The Wingerdens' model is ripe for __72__ -- which is exactly what the Floating Farm's team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem. The new projects will __73__ lessons learned from Floating Farm. "You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house," Peter says. The biggest __74__ he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. "One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the __75__ zone." Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. "We are not innovative," he says. "We are disruptive." 61. A. intensive B. sustainable C. organic D. local 62. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Due to 63. A. economic B. energy C. political D. climate 64. A. security B. transport C. food D. water 65. A. outsmart B. document C. prioritize D. prevent 66. A. conserving B. unlocking C. transferring D. varying 67. A. emerping B. conventional C. established D. renewed 68. A. above B. on C. below D. beyond 69. A. economical B. controversial C. necessary D. adventurous 70. A. abandoned B. located C. spotted D. stuck 71. A. mechanism B. inspiration C. application D. defect 72. A. manufacture B. reproduction C. evaluation D. examination 73. A. revise B. uncover C. downplay D. apply 74. A. obstacles B. potentials C. possibilities D. lessons 75. A. innovative B. mainstream C. experimental D. distinct Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) IN DEVILS LAKE, North Dakota, a man named Ray is making a batch of watermelon moonshine, a ruby-red alcoholic liquid. The copper still he makes it in is in his garage. Officially, he claims the set-up is just for distilling（蒸馏）water and hand-sanitiser（洗手液）. For over a century it has been illegal to make spirits at home in America. In December the Competitive Enterprise Institute, representing hobbyists determined to make bourbon in backyards, challenged the ban in court. It argued that the government's prohibition amounted to overreach. The government's lawyers insisted that the federal powers to tax and regulate interstate commerce justified it. On July 10th a judge in Fort Worth, Texas, declared the law unconstitutional, saying the defence "miss[ed] the maker's mark". The spirited ruling has not gone into effect and may yet be appealed against. But in the meantime liquor-lovers are celebrating their first win a decade-long fight. Hobbyists say distilling is a pastime as baseball or baking apple pie-and believe that banning it violates the freedom to be particularly patriotic. According to Reid Mitenbuler, author of "bourbon Empire", whiskey was so important at the country's founding that it became "the frontier's factual currency, knitting together America's early economy". It was not until 1868 that the government made making liquor at home illegal, punishable by prison. Some say the law was intended to protect government revenue streams. But it is perhaps better explained as a public-health initiative: ethanol vapours produced in the process make stills prone to explosions. Today's wannabe distillers tend not to resemble the peddlers of the 1920s. Instead they characterize themselves as amateur scientists, and point to legalization as a way to make the hobby safer. While some await the green light from the feds, others, like Ray, distill "in the shadows" says Rick Morris, the Head of the Hobby Distillers Association. Fear of being caught discourages beginners from getting proper information. Once it is legal, he believes at-home distilling will be no riskier than boiling an egg. The libertarian lawyers have nobler aims. To them the case is about getting rid of unnecessary regulations Just as whisky was part of the country's origins story, so too it is "an American tradition to resist the illegitimate exercise of government power", says Dan Greenberg, the hobbyists' lawyer. 76. Which of the following best fits the meaning of the word "spirits" in paragraph 2? A. supernatural beings B. mind and will C. alcoholic drinks D. illegal transactions 77. What was agreed upon in court on July 10th? A. Producing alcohol at home in America should not be banned. B. The government has the right to tax and regulate interstate commerce. C. The government's ban on alcohol production does not exceed its authority. D. The hobbyists' claims are invalid without the government's mark. 78. According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Distilling water at home is illegal although it is as common as baking apple pie at home. B. Making liquor at home has always been prohibited by law to protect government revenues. C. Today's distillers are regarded as amateur scientist for their spirit of exploration. D. Hobbyists of drilling claim that legalizing making spirits at home can boost its safety. 79. Among each party's attitude towards making liquor at home, which is correct? A. The government is for it as long as drillers can promise to take a public-health initiative. B. The libertarian lawyers stand by it because they regard it a fight for life and liberty. C. The drillers support it because it can make them from amateur scientists to real scientists. D. The Competitive Enterprise Institute is against it because it will hurt its revenue streams. (B) Best Electronic Dictionaries Bottom line Perfect for Students: This pen is perfect for students who are learning other languages. Award-winning Design: Purposefully designed to provide a unique appearance and dual functionality. Superior Scanning: A scanning electronic dictionary the size of a large pen. Has both an English and Chinese interface. Best for Kids: The interface is simple to use and fun. Designed for children still learning to read. Pros It uses a Wi-Fi connection to access text translations of 55 languages, plus when offline it can support translation for English, Spanish and Chinese. Slim and narrow style has dual use as a bookmark and dictionary. Contains over 35,000 words. Only requires batteries so customers can use it without internet or Wi-Fi access. A web-enabled electronic dictionary that can define any word simply by running the scanner over it. Also capable of providing fluent translations between traditional and simplified Chinese. As children encounter unfamiliar words, this dictionary will give them the proper spelling and meaning of the words. With a screen that is easy to read, the device is simple to use. Cons It takes 2 hours to charge and can only be used for up to 3 hours. Some users complain that it does not have a large enough vocabulary. Definition and translation accuracy drop when not connected to the internet. Because it's intended for children learning to read, some users may find the database too small for their purposes. 80. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. IF electronic dictionary bookmark is perfectly designed for students learning other languages. B. With no internet access, YouDao may not be able to provide accurate definition and translation of a word. C. IF children's electronic dictionary, with a reasonable database, is a right choice for children learning to spell. D. The electronic devices mentioned above can translate texts with or without internet and Wi-Fi acceses. 81. Lihua is looking for a gift for her daughter's high school admission. Her daughter is an enthusiastic English novel lover who likes to read anytime anywhere. His budget is $400. Which product should he choose? A. Tom-shine translation pen B. IF electronic dictionary bookmark C. YouDao dictionary mobile scanning pen translator D. IF children's electronic dictionary 82. According to the passage, the website will be helpful to __________. A. designers trying to find inspirations for product design B. retailers manufacturing and selling a range of produces C. experts reviewing and evaluating products for consumers D. consumers looking for the right product with good reviews (C) For centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo Da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" were "Who?" and "When?" A discovery made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note written in a manuscript in the library confirmed the account of da Vinci's first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchant's wife, Lisa Gherardinl. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506. A third conundrum -- "Where?" -- is still in dispute. But a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. Mr Cotte believed that the artist was plausibly depicting a part of his homeland Tuscany -- one that keenly interested him at the time. According to this theory, da Vincl represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he intended it to be. Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the "Mona Lisa" hangs) to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the hidden drawing below the surface of an oil painting, but also any intermediate layers of work that may exist. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a preparatory sketch（草图）showing that da Vinci intended it to represent a tower. The landscape of the "Mona Lisa" also includes a huge overhanging cliff. That is similar to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress（堡垒）fought over by Pisa and Florence in the war in 1503 (around the time he was painting "Mona Lisa"). The fortress with the nearby cliff -- and a tower, known as the Caprona tower -- all overlook the river Arno as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became "obsessive". This involved diverting the river Arno to cut off Pisa's water supply and give Florence access to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two places at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel winding through countryside at the right of the "Mona Lisa" is too wide to be a road and is instead the dried-up bed of the river Arno as da Vinci envisaged it once his plan had been adopted. It never was. But if Mr Cotte's theory is right, it might just explain why "Mona Lisa", a Florentine, wears such a contented smile. 83. Mr Cotte reached his conclusion about the "Mona Lisa" by __________. A. referring to the note written in a manuscript B. comparing the pointed rock with the tower in the painting C. analyzing the tower in the hidden layer of the painting D. comparing the landscape in the painting to paintings in the late 1500s 84. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Da Vinci's plan gained attention because of the war. B. People from Florende out off the water supply in Pisa. C. Da Vinci was obsessed with painting cliffs and rivers. D. A tower, a cliff, and a fortress are shown at the right of the "Mona Lisa". 85. What is the most probable meaning of the undertined word "envisaged"? A. diverted B. painted C. imagined D. recorded 86. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Why did the "Mona Lisa" smile? B. The techniques behind the "Mona Lisa". C. What makes the "Mona Lisa" charming? D. Where did the "Mona Lisa" smile? Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. In short, we want to feel emotionally connected and supported. B. Not many questions were asked; not many details were given. C. Friendships between males tend to be more functional. D. While they may mot share their secret feelings with close male friends, research shows that they are more likely to share them with a female friend. E. Nor do they feel pressure to reveal personal details and intimate secrets to maintain their friendship with another male. F. As a result, female friendships are based on emotional intimacy and connection. Why Male and Female Friendships Are So Different? While I was out to dinner with my husband, he told me that our mutual friends of 20 years had decided to end their marriage. I wanted to know the details: the why, the when, the where, but he did not have these details. When I pressed for answers, he said his friend brought it up briefly with a group of close guy friends, then moved on to a different subject. _______87_______ This specific example paints the perfect pictures of the differences between men and women in terms of friendships. Female friendships thrive on intimacy and emotional connection. We, as females, want to talk about feelings, experience physical touch, make direct face-to-face contact. _______88_______ The intimate, face-to-face relationships between women have a lot to do with oxytocin（催产素）, the bonding hormone that is released during childbirth and nursing. Studies have shown that when women are stressed out, they do not just turn to the "fight-or-flight" response but also release oystocin, which allows them to "tend and befriend." It is believed that the hormone is the reason why women have a natural "maternal instinct（母性）." _______89_______ By comparison, men tend to value friendships that are based more on shared activities, such as playing basketball, rather than the intimate, face-to-face relationships that women have. Thus, they do not feel the desire or need to discuss every detail and change in their life with a male friend. That being said, male friendships are generally less delicate than female friendships. Men tend not to wear their emotions on their sleeve. _______90_______ But women bond through secret sharing and emotional intimacy, which can potentially create unpredictability in a friendship, especially if this sharing is one-sided. IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Guidebooks are losing their way to the Internet For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It's published in 11 languages including Chinese. But when the BBC connrmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit, many commented that the deal signaled the swan song for the printed guidebook. The rise of the Internet and the popularity of smartphones have become a burden on the printed media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wiki-voyage to Trip Advisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips. But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guidebooks, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative. It's also pointed out that the guide book is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn't matter; the crowds of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually grow uncompetitive. And yet, despite the rise of new media, it's believed there is still a place for printed books, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can't provide, more of a fascinating, touchable interaction. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 92. 万一汽车中途抛锚，你知道正确的做法是什么吗？(break) 93. 这些交流生不禁感叹，建平值得参加的活动太多了！(worth) 94. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) 95. 这款游戏取材于中国神话，运用顶级的画面和丰富的细节，自今年8月全球上线以来，无比火爆。(anchor) 参考答案： II语法单选：21 - 25 ACCBA 25 - 30 CABDB 31 - 35 CDCAA 36 - 40 CDCBC 小猫填空：51 - 60 HCBKJ, IEFGD Close: 61 - 65 BCDAD 66 - 70 ACCDD 71 - 75 BBDAC A篇： 76 - 79 CADB B篇： 80 - 82 CAD C篇： CACD 6选4 BAFE 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $