精品解析：上海市宝山区上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高一英语调研试卷

2025-2026学年度第二学期 高一英语调研试卷 （满分150分，130分钟完成。） Part I I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Grab something to eat. B. Repair his camera. C. Buy a new TV set. D. Take a trip. 2. A. In a gym. B. At a bakery. C. In a swimming pool. D. At a football stadium. 3. A. He finds it unexpectedly easy. B. He believes it’s too challenging. C. He prefers a different hiking track. D. He thinks the views make it worthwhile. 4. A. The man takes no interest in the concert. B. They are both eagerly anticipating the concert. C. They have different opinions about the concert. D. The woman is not looking forward to the concert. 5. A. She isn’t interested in cooking. B. She wants to join the cooking class. C. She knows how to cook Italian food. D. She prefers another class with more fun. 6. A. He really enjoyed it. B. He found it disappointing. C. He had expected it to be better. D. He didn’t like the lighting effects. 7. A. An art exhibition. B. Interactive exhibits. C. Contemporary art pieces. D. An innovative installation. 8. A. Asking friends for advice. B. Buying the first laptop he sees. C. Checking the latest reviews online. D. Making a decision as soon as possible. 9. A. They needed more time to finish the book. B. They both found the plot twists fascinating. C. They have divided opinions about the ending. D. They have their own understanding of the plot. 10. A. She looks forward to it. B. She hasn’t heard about it. C. She isn’t much interested in it. D. She thinks it will be better than expected. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Evolution of hourglasses. B. Ancient people’s wisdom. C. Earliest forms of clocks. D. Application of sun shadows. 12. A. They were more accurate. B. They no longer use sun shadows. C. They could measure time at night. D. They could work well on rainy days. 13. A. They were filled with sand. B. They were created by ancient Egyptians. C. They usually worked better during the day. D. They had two bowls connected by a small hole. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The surface of the Sun. B. The stars close to the Sun. C. The center of the Milky Way. D. The unusual shape of the Milky Way. 15. A. It is the oldest part of the star system. B. It is the hottest region of the Milky Way. C. It has numerous stars and various activity. D. It is 26,000 light years away from the Earth. 16. A. Visible light. B. X-rays and radio waves. C. Change in temperatures. D. Huge clouds of gas. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Witnessing some sharks. B. Seeing pollution on the beach. C. Participating in a school strike. D. Reading about Greta Thunberg. 18. A. They are mindless killers. B. They should be left alone. C. They are passionate creatures. D. They deserve protection. 19. A. It results in more strikes at school. B. It distracts him from his studies. C. It makes him unpopular at school. D. It raises people’s awareness. 20. A. They are open-minded about it. B. They believe change is difficult. C. They think change is unnecessary. D. They support change in daily matters. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’+20*1’ = 45’) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. As is standard, in a sci-fi movie set in a distant future, there is an innovative central character and a catastrophic (灾难性的) incident ______ must deal with. A. he B. that C. which D. who 2. We ______ a profound sense of sadness when witnessing those once-magnificent ancient temples gradually fall victim to the march of time and human neglect, never ______ to their former glory. A. can’t help feeling; to restore B. can’t help feel; restored C. can’t help but feel; to be restored D. can’t help to feel; restoring 3. While I was preparing for my final exams, I noticed an announcement about an internship opportunity at a renowned tech company located in the downtown area ______ on the notice board in our school hallway. A. displayed B. having displayed C. displaying D. to be displayed 4. Tom was surprised to find the smartphone he had had ______ at a high-end repair shop went wrong just a week later. A. it repaired B. repaired C. repaired it D. to be repaired 5. What the professor presented at the international academic conference, ______ was an in-depth analysis of the latest research findings in the field, ______ effective in sparking intense discussions among the scholars. A. where; was proved B. that; was proved C. which; proved D. as; had proved 6. I liked it when my father and I would walk along the sea, leaving footprints on the sandy shore ______ I wished to return and, softly, place my foot ______ his had left its marks. A. which; where B. where; on which C. that; on which D. where; where 7. ______ meticulously (细致地) by the professor on the blackboard, but the students still struggled to grasp the underlying logic of the complex mathematical formula. A. Having been presented B. Presented C. Being presented D. It had been presented 8. ______ archaeologists unearth more ancient burial sites with the aid of cutting-edge technologies, we are on the edge of answering the age-old question ______ complex social structures existed among prehistoric communities. A. That, what B. As, that C. As, whether D. Whether, which 9. ______ which competitor could have launched such a highly competitive product in such a short time, the CEO of the company called an urgent meeting with the marketing and research teams. A. Left wondering B. Leaving wondering C. Leaving wondered D. Left wondered 10. ______ not to dwell on (纠结于) past mistakes and regrets, creating a mental prison of negativity that hinders personal growth, but to gain a profound understanding of one’s strengths and weaknesses. A. Reflect B. Reflecting C. To reflect D. Having reflected 11. ________ 20 meters in height and surging forward with a destructive force, the tsunami (海啸) ________ has swept across several coastal towns, causing widespread devastation. A. Measured; having happened B. Measured; happening C. Measuring; that happened D. Measuring; happened 12. After five hours’ driving that almost exhausted the scientists ________ field research, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. A. to do; where B. doing; what C. having done; what D. to be doing; which 13. We opted for that airline for our vacation trip because the current round-trip fare per person is reduced to $300, merely one-third of ________ it typically demanded during peak travel seasons. A. that B. which C. what D. how 14. It is no good ________ the athlete, who has been undergoing high-intensity training sessions for the past six days to prepare for an important competition, ________ in recreational activities as his body and mind are still in the high-performance mode. A. to invite; to engage B. inviting; engaged C. inviting; to engage D. to invite; engaging 15. We require an educational system ________ on the belief that every student can be constantly motivated throughout their academic journey, that no learner is born with an innate (与生俱来的) mastery of all subjects, and that a vast amount of knowledge is always yet ________. A. having been constructed; to come B. constructed; to come C. to be constructed; coming D. being constructed; to have come 16. After losing her job, Sarah had to ________ months of financial struggle before finally finding a new position that matched her skills. A. get to do with B. get pushed into C. go down to D. go through 17. The psychologist claimed that empathy was not merely a desirable trait in interpersonal relationships but an essential ________ in the recipe for societal harmony, as it enabled individuals to collaborate toward common goals. A. ingredient B. element C. factor D. cause 18. The government’s ________ plans to transform the aging urban infrastructure into a ’smart city’ by 2030 have sparked intense debate among citizens. A. temporary B. conventional C. ambitious D. incredible 19. The general placed his troops ________ along the riverbank, ensuring they had a clear view of the enemy’s approach while maintaining a strong defensive position. A. strategically B. naturally C. casually D. impulsively 20. After moving to the new city, Sarah tried hard to ________ with the local community by joining clubs and attending social events. She wanted to feel like she belonged there. A. mix up B. fit in C. catch up D. hang around 21. Despite her passion for literature and dreams of becoming a novelist, Emily ______ pursuing a career in medicine by her parents. A. was drawn to B. set about C. was at the mercy of D. got pushed into 22. The university’s geology department arranged a weekend ______ to a local quarry, allowing students to analyze rock formations and collect fossil samples under the supervision of a professor. A. explosion B. exposure C. excursion D. exploration 23. After years of saving, the couple decided to ______ beyond their comfort zone by quitting their corporate jobs and embarking on a year-long journey around the world. A. step B. expand C. adventure D. depart 24. The athlete, who has already set three national records in diving and recently survived a near-fatal accident during a training session, is now constantly training to ______, aiming to break the world record. A. know no boundary B. push the limits C. stay in line D. make it 25. People who choose fast food for convenience while complaining about fatigue (劳累) ______ — poor nutrition is the root cause of their low energy, not a lack of coffee breaks. A. miss the point B. hit the nail on the head C. sweep it under the rug D. kill two birds with one stone Section B (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. resist B. demonstrated C. risky D. reflection E. simply F. internalize G. flourished H. potential I. rebellion J. truly K. defended What comes to your mind when you think about peer pressure? Is it a feeling of disappointment as you think back on the times you did something dumb ____26____ for social reward, or because of others’ influence? What if the same psychological forces that push us toward questionable behavior also hold the power to amplify good ones? We often talk about peer pressure as something to ____27____. We treat it like a villain in the story of decision-making. Peer pressure itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It’s a ____28____ and reinforcement of the behaviors, values, and choices a group desires most. The same social mechanisms that push people toward ____29____ behavior can also pull them toward cooperation and care. In one study, researchers observed how peer influence worked both ways. If popularity in a group was linked to aggression, aggressive behavior spread. However, if it was linked to kindness, prosocial behavior ____30____. Peer pressure can magnify whatever matters most to a group, workplace, or family. If a culture values risk or ____31____, that’s what spreads. But if a culture values curiosity, empathy, or cooperation, those qualities will grow. Research on child development shows that adolescents ____32____ social norms through peer interaction. In one study, researchers found that students who were considered the “popular” kids had stronger ____33____ to influence behavioral norms. If the popular students ____34____ more positive peer pressure examples such as cooperation and kindness, those behaviors were more likely to be repeated. The research around positive peer pressure in schools offers _____35_____ remarkable hope and opportunity for students. Kids who model empathy and responsibility can redefine what’s “cool” within their social groups and turn cooperation and kindness into desirable traits. Regardless of age, it’s easy to see how prosocial behaviors can spread. Whether kids see these behaviors modeled in our communities, homes, or at schools, the message remains: seeing good behaviors modeled can get others to follow suit. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. withdraw B. isolated C. ties D. professionally E. venturing F. appreciate G. tipped H. preferences I. naturally J. rewiring K. inquire As an old saying goes, don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Still, many people who might follow this financial advice often ignore it when it comes to their daily lives: their self-esteem may depend on whether they get promoted at work, or their social ____36____ might rely on a single close friend. Just as putting all your resources into one stock is a recipe for financial disaster, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are ____37____ over: your company might go out of business. Similarly, your friend might ____38____ because they’re feeling stressed. Often, the solution to their problems lies in exploring these areas-essentially stepping outside their comfort zones. The same idea applies here: diversifying — creating new baskets — involves ____39____ into unfamiliar territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most lacking in your life socially or ____40____ that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to plan how to get there. If you’re quite ____41____, consider ways to expand your social network; if your professional self-esteem depends on your promotion, step back and ____42____ how much your professional skills have developed over time. But, if possible, also dig deeper. For example, having a small social circle could be the result of being ____43____ shy and having social anxiety, just as putting all your eggs in the job baskets is a byproduct of anxiety that keeps your world small. Ideally, focus on both what you can do to expand your world and attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following what excites you. Following excitement or simple ____44____ not only helps you break free from being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re _____45_____ your brain and lowering your anxiety. III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’ = 45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the ___46___ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in ___47___ the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network ___48___ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized ___49___ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These ___50___ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. ___51___, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will ___52___ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. ___53___, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is ___54___ when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, ___55___ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your ___56___ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, ___57___ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado ___58___. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, ___59___ which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek ___60___ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 46. A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value 47. A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding 48. A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of 49. A. structure B. system C. mode D. style 50. A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics 51. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly 52. A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue 53. A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary 54. A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available 55. A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending 56. A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular 57. A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular 58. A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign 59. A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending 60. A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelter Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student. Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam. “It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.” And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea. Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式). And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June. 61. Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers? A. She is the youngest college student in the UK. B. She goes to university at a much earlier age. C. She often gets full marks in maths exams. D. She loves acting as a university student. 62. From the passage we can learn that _______. A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier D. Esther dislikes being taught at home 63. What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius? A. The gene from her family. B. Her course in the university. C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother’s homeschooling. 64. Esther can be described as a girl who _______. A. is ambitious and has a clear goal B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown C. is rebellious but ready to help others D. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself (B) Guided Desert Adventure Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert. You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert. What’s included Pickup and drop-off 20 minutes of sandboarding 35 minutes of dune bashing 25 minutes of quad biking 10-minute camel ride Water and soft drinks A drive through a camel farm Additional information Requires a high level of physical fitness. Not suitable for children between 0 and 5. Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult. Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only. 65. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip? A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune. B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride. C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities. D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera. 66. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour? A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400. 67. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour? A. The show was great! I highly recommend! B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro. D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue. (C) From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 68. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 69. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 70. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 71. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ____72____. In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older, researchers found that taking a multivitamin-multimineral supplement for two years modestly slowed two molecular signals for aging in the body known as “epigenetic clocks.” In the people who took the supplement, the clocks’ rate of increase slowed by around 1.5 to two months per year, compared with the clocks of those who took a placebo. The findings were published on Monday in Nature Medicine. ____73____. While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. “____74____,” he says. The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. ____75____. Still, in nutrition science, randomized clinical trials of this kind are rare. They aren’t generally required to sell supplements like multivitamins, even if the makers claim specific health benefits. A. Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. B. But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. C. Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. D. However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. E. In fact, recent surveys show that the popularity of multivitamins has been declining among health-conscious consumers. F. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the observed differences was negligible, and their clinical significance is completely meaningless. *Part II I. Grammar (10*+10*) Section A Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given word to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. 76. Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine __________ (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. (所给词的适当形式填空) 77. The online retailer offered fast delivery services and excellent customer support, __________ (gain) a good reputation in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空) 78. The young artist has been refining her skills for years, and her works are getting closer to __________ (recognize) by the international art community, potentially opening new opportunities for her career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 79. She was extremely disappointed that the precious painting she had been looking forward to seeing was said __________ (steal) before the exhibition opened. （所给词的适当形式填空） 80. __________ (work) tirelessly for months, the software development team finally succeeded in launching a revolutionary new application. (所给词的适当形式填空) 81. After __________ (refer) to as a “cradle of ancient civilization” due to its long-standing history and rich cultural heritage, China has been continuously striving to show the world its unique blend of historical depth and contemporary vitality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 82. The city planners are on the point of having the new transportation system __________ (approve) by the government, which will significantly improve traffic flow in the urban area. （所给词的适当形式填空） 83. Amidst growing concerns over the rapid deterioration of the local ecosystem due to industrial pollution, an environmental activist group demanded the factory owner _________ (cease) all operations immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 84. __________ (compare) with the conventional lecture-based education model, in which teachers primarily deliver information to students in a one-way fashion, the project-based learning approach encourages students to apply their knowledge and skills to solve complex problems（所给词的适当形式填空） 85. All the delicate artifacts __________ (damage) severely by the collapse of the ancient tomb during the excavation process, and the archaeological team had no choice but to suspend their work temporarily. (所给词的适当形式填空) Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year ____86____ they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, most Americans trust science ____87____ it does not challenge their existing beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends”. But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly functioning, questions ____88____ (accept) facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not cultivate trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in ____89____ is often perceived as its weakness: its drive ____90____ (question) and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them ____91____ (challenge) and even overturned. Doubt might be ____92____ (trouble), but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact ____93____ (block) the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the ____94____ (oppose) force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind scientism — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism ____95____ (stem) from a lack of confidence in the very existence of truth. II. Translation (3++3++4++5+) Directions: Translate the following phrases and sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 96. 这首歌很动人，她每次听都忍不住想哭。 (feel) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 97. 那些游客在徒步时迷路，你觉得该怪谁? (blame V.) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 98. 这位消防员宁愿冒着失去生命的危险，也不愿把被困的孩子留在燃烧的大楼里，他的无私之举颇为令人钦佩。(impress)（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 99. 尽管与固执己见的人争论纯属浪费时间，但如今我已到了这样一个阶段：我期待通过这些经历学会在压力下保持冷静。（waste; look）（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期 高一英语调研试卷 （满分150分，130分钟完成。） Part I I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Grab something to eat. B. Repair his camera. C. Buy a new TV set. D. Take a trip. 2. A. In a gym. B. At a bakery. C. In a swimming pool. D. At a football stadium. 3. A. He finds it unexpectedly easy. B. He believes it’s too challenging. C. He prefers a different hiking track. D. He thinks the views make it worthwhile. 4. A. The man takes no interest in the concert. B. They are both eagerly anticipating the concert. C. They have different opinions about the concert. D. The woman is not looking forward to the concert. 5. A. She isn’t interested in cooking. B. She wants to join the cooking class. C. She knows how to cook Italian food. D. She prefers another class with more fun. 6. A. He really enjoyed it. B. He found it disappointing. C. He had expected it to be better. D. He didn’t like the lighting effects. 7. A. An art exhibition. B. Interactive exhibits. C. Contemporary art pieces. D. An innovative installation. 8. A. Asking friends for advice. B. Buying the first laptop he sees. C. Checking the latest reviews online. D. Making a decision as soon as possible. 9. A. They needed more time to finish the book. B. They both found the plot twists fascinating. C. They have divided opinions about the ending. D. They have their own understanding of the plot. 10. A. She looks forward to it. B. She hasn’t heard about it. C. She isn’t much interested in it. D. She thinks it will be better than expected. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Evolution of hourglasses. B. Ancient people’s wisdom. C. Earliest forms of clocks. D. Application of sun shadows. 12. A. They were more accurate. B. They no longer use sun shadows. C. They could measure time at night. D. They could work well on rainy days. 13. A. They were filled with sand. B. They were created by ancient Egyptians. C. They usually worked better during the day. D. They had two bowls connected by a small hole. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The surface of the Sun. B. The stars close to the Sun. C. The center of the Milky Way. D. The unusual shape of the Milky Way. 15. A. It is the oldest part of the star system. B. It is the hottest region of the Milky Way. C. It has numerous stars and various activity. D. It is 26,000 light years away from the Earth. 16. A. Visible light. B. X-rays and radio waves. C. Change in temperatures. D. Huge clouds of gas. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Witnessing some sharks. B. Seeing pollution on the beach. C. Participating in a school strike. D. Reading about Greta Thunberg. 18. A. They are mindless killers. B. They should be left alone. C. They are passionate creatures. D. They deserve protection. 19. A. It results in more strikes at school. B. It distracts him from his studies. C. It makes him unpopular at school. D. It raises people’s awareness. 20. A. They are open-minded about it. B. They believe change is difficult. C. They think change is unnecessary. D. They support change in daily matters. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’+20*1’ = 45’) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. As is standard, in a sci-fi movie set in a distant future, there is an innovative central character and a catastrophic (灾难性的) incident ______ must deal with. A. he B. that C. which D. who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：一如惯例，在一部遥远未来背景的科幻电影里，总会有一位独特的主角，以及一场他必须应对的灾难性事件。分析句子可知，空格后：must deal with，deal with（应对 / 处理）只能由人发出，事物不能主动处理自己；从句明显缺少主语。若填 that/which，从句变为：that/which must deal with，无逻辑主语，事件不能主动“处理”，且 deal with 缺宾语，语法、语义双重错误。D项who只能指代人，无法修饰incident（事件），排除。本句是省略引导词的定语从句：a catastrophic incident (that/which) he must deal with，引导词 that/which 作deal with的宾语，可省略；he作从句主语。 2. We ______ a profound sense of sadness when witnessing those once-magnificent ancient temples gradually fall victim to the march of time and human neglect, never ______ to their former glory. A. can’t help feeling; to restore B. can’t help feel; restored C. can’t help but feel; to be restored D. can’t help to feel; restoring 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：目睹那些曾经宏伟的古寺，渐渐沦为岁月侵蚀与人为漠视的牺牲品，且永远无法被恢复往日盛景时，我们不禁深感悲凉。第一空为短语can’t help doing表示“忍不住做……”；can’t help but do表示“忍不住做……”，故排除B、D选项；第二空temples和restore（修复）是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be restored。 3. While I was preparing for my final exams, I noticed an announcement about an internship opportunity at a renowned tech company located in the downtown area ______ on the notice board in our school hallway. A. displayed B. having displayed C. displaying D. to be displayed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在我备战期末考试期间，我注意到学校走廊的公告栏上张贴着一则知名科技公司的实习招聘通知，该公司地处市中心。announcement（公告）和 display（张贴、展示）是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 4. Tom was surprised to find the smartphone he had had ______ at a high-end repair shop went wrong just a week later. A. it repaired B. repaired C. repaired it D. to be repaired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆惊讶地发现，他在高端维修店修过的智能手机，一周后就又出故障了。句子用到了have sth. done表示“让某事被做”的固定结构，此处the smartphone是先行词，在定语从句he had had ______ at a high-end repair shop中充当had的宾语，即he had had the smartphone repaired，表示“让手机被修理”。故从句中不再需要it作宾语，因此使用过去分词repaired作宾补。 5. What the professor presented at the international academic conference, ______ was an in-depth analysis of the latest research findings in the field, ______ effective in sparking intense discussions among the scholars. A. where; was proved B. that; was proved C. which; proved D. as; had proved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位教授在国际学术会议上发表的内容，是对该领域最新研究成果的深度分析，它被证明能有效引发学者们的热烈讨论。第一空：空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为What the professor presented，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词which引导从句。第二空：prove表示“证明是，结果是”，是系动词，通常用主动形式表示被动含义，此处描述过去发生的事情，用动词过去式proved。 6. I liked it when my father and I would walk along the sea, leaving footprints on the sandy shore ______ I wished to return and, softly, place my foot ______ his had left its marks. A. which; where B. where; on which C. that; on which D. where; where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我喜欢和父亲一起沿着海边散步，在沙滩上留下脚印，我总想回到那里，轻轻把脚踩在他留下足迹的地方。第一空：空处引导定语从句，先行词是the sandy shore，表示地点，定语从句I wished to return中缺少地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。第二空：空处引导地点状语从句，表示“在他留下足迹的地方”，从句his had left its marks中缺少地点状语，因此用连接副词where引导地点状语从句。 7. ______ meticulously (细致地) by the professor on the blackboard, but the students still struggled to grasp the underlying logic of the complex mathematical formula. A. Having been presented B. Presented C. Being presented D. It had been presented 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：教授在黑板上对它进行了细致的讲解，但学生们还是难以理解这个复杂数学公式背后的逻辑原理。but 连接两个完整的简单句，前后都必须：主语 + 谓语，A、B、C均不是完整的句子，故排除，D选项It 指代后面的 formula（公式），作主语，had been presented为谓语，正确。 8. ______ archaeologists unearth more ancient burial sites with the aid of cutting-edge technologies, we are on the edge of answering the age-old question ______ complex social structures existed among prehistoric communities. A. That, what B. As, that C. As, whether D. Whether, which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：随着考古学家借助先进的技术发掘出越来越多的古代墓葬遗址，我们正逐渐接近解答这样一个古老问题：史前社会群体中是否存在着复杂的社会结构。第一空引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”用as；第二空引导同位语从句，说明question的内容，表示“是否”用whether。 9. ______ which competitor could have launched such a highly competitive product in such a short time, the CEO of the company called an urgent meeting with the marketing and research teams. A. Left wondering B. Leaving wondering C. Leaving wondered D. Left wondered 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：公司CEO不知道哪个竞争对手能在这么短的时间内推出如此有竞争力的产品，于是召集营销和研发团队召开紧急会议。“leave…”作原因状语，leave(让……处于)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语the CEO之间是被动关系，用过去分词left表被动；wonder(想知道，好奇)作主语补足语，与其逻辑主语the CEO之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 10. ______ not to dwell on (纠结于) past mistakes and regrets, creating a mental prison of negativity that hinders personal growth, but to gain a profound understanding of one’s strengths and weaknesses. A. Reflect B. Reflecting C. To reflect D. Having reflected 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：反思时不要纠结于过去的错误和遗憾，创造阻碍个人成长的消极思维牢笼，而要深刻认识自身的优缺点。这是一个祈使句，句首需用动词原形，且句中使用了“not to... but to...”的结构，和祈使句“Reflect...”构成逻辑呼应。 11. ________ 20 meters in height and surging forward with a destructive force, the tsunami (海啸) ________ has swept across several coastal towns, causing widespread devastation. A. Measured; having happened B. Measured; happening C. Measuring; that happened D. Measuring; happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这场海啸高达 20 米，裹挟毁灭性力量汹涌来袭。发生的这场海啸席卷多座沿海城镇，造成大范围重创。分析句子可知，第一空为非谓语动词作状语，measure和逻辑主语the tsunami为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；第二空句子主干：the tsunami has swept across…（主句已有谓语），所以为定语从句that happened，修饰 tsunami，结构合法、逻辑通顺。 12. After five hours’ driving that almost exhausted the scientists ________ field research, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. A. to do; where B. doing; what C. having done; what D. to be doing; which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：历时五小时的车程几乎让开展实地调研的科学家们筋疲力尽，他们终于抵达了那片自认为梦寐以求的地方。分析句子可知，此处用现在分词doing 作后置定语，修饰scientists，表示“进行实地调研的科学家”。第二空reached 后接宾语从句；they thought 是插入语，去掉后从句缺少主语：where 是副词，不能作主语；which引导名词性从句需限定范围；what在名词性从句中可作主语，指代事物，完全符合。 13. We opted for that airline for our vacation trip because the current round-trip fare per person is reduced to $300, merely one-third of ________ it typically demanded during peak travel seasons. A. that B. which C. what D. how 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们选择这家航空公司是因为此次度假的往返机票价格已降至每人 300 美元，这仅仅是平时旺季时价格的三分之一。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少demanded的宾语，此处表示“这仅仅是平时旺季时价格的三分之一”，空格处用what引导宾语从句。 14. It is no good ________ the athlete, who has been undergoing high-intensity training sessions for the past six days to prepare for an important competition, ________ in recreational activities as his body and mind are still in the high-performance mode. A. to invite; to engage B. inviting; engaged C. inviting; to engage D. to invite; engaging 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这名运动员为备战重要赛事，连续六天接受高强度训练，身心仍处于高效能模式，此时邀请他参与休闲活动是不妥的。分析句子可知，第一空为固定句型：It is no good doing sth.意为“做某事毫无用处/不妥”，必须接动名词，故填 inviting，排除 A、D。第二空为固定搭配：invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，所以为不定式作宾语补足语，用to engage，排除B。 15. We require an educational system ________ on the belief that every student can be constantly motivated throughout their academic journey, that no learner is born with an innate (与生俱来的) mastery of all subjects, and that a vast amount of knowledge is always yet ________. A. having been constructed; to come B. constructed; to come C. to be constructed; coming D. being constructed; to have come 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们需要这样一套教育体系：它建立在这些理念之上 —— 每个学生在求学路上都能持续被激励、没有人生来就精通所有科目、海量知识永远尚待探索。第一空an educational system与construct是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语；第二空yet to come表示“尚未到来、有待获取”。 16. After losing her job, Sarah had to ________ months of financial struggle before finally finding a new position that matched her skills. A. get to do with B. get pushed into C. go down to D. go through 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：丢掉工作后，萨拉不得不熬过数月的经济困境，才终于找到一份与自己能力匹配的新工作。A. get to do with无此搭配；B. get pushed into被迫卷入，被迫接受；C. go down to降至，去往（某地）；D. go through经历（艰难困苦），熬过。根据months of financial struggle可知，此处为动词短语go through“经历（艰难困苦）”，符合语境。 17. The psychologist claimed that empathy was not merely a desirable trait in interpersonal relationships but an essential ________ in the recipe for societal harmony, as it enabled individuals to collaborate toward common goals. A. ingredient B. element C. factor D. cause 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位心理学家认为，共情不仅是人际关系中一种可取的特质，更是社会和谐“配方”中必不可少的成分，因为它能让人们为共同目标而协作。A. ingredient成分；B. element要素；C. factor因素；D. cause原因。句中出现了recipe for societal harmony表示“社会和谐的配方”，ingredient可以指食谱中的“原料、成分”，与“配方”形成完美的比喻呼应。 18. The government’s ________ plans to transform the aging urban infrastructure into a ’smart city’ by 2030 have sparked intense debate among citizens. A. temporary B. conventional C. ambitious D. incredible 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：政府宏大的计划 —— 在2030年前把老旧城市基础设施改造为智慧城市，在市民中引发了激烈讨论。A. temporary暂时的；B. conventional传统的；C. ambitious宏大的，有抱负的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“transform the aging urban infrastructure into a ’smart city’ by 2030”可知，2030 年建成智慧城市是长远且规模巨大的规划。 19. The general placed his troops ________ along the riverbank, ensuring they had a clear view of the enemy’s approach while maintaining a strong defensive position. A. strategically B. naturally C. casually D. impulsively 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：将军战略性地沿河岸部署军队，既能清楚监视敌军动向，又能稳固防守阵地。A. strategically战略性地，策略上地；B. naturally自然地；C. casually随意地，漫不经心地；D. impulsively冲动地。根据ensuring they had a clear view of the enemy’s approach while maintaining a strong defensive position可知，将军战略性地沿河岸部署军队。 20. After moving to the new city, Sarah tried hard to ________ with the local community by joining clubs and attending social events. She wanted to feel like she belonged there. A. mix up B. fit in C. catch up D. hang around 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：搬到新城市后，萨拉努力融入当地社区，加入俱乐部、参加社交活动，她渴望拥有归属感。A. mix up混淆，弄乱；B. fit in适应，融入；C. catch up赶上，追上；D. hang around闲逛，徘徊。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语fit in“适应，融入”，符合语境。 21. Despite her passion for literature and dreams of becoming a novelist, Emily ______ pursuing a career in medicine by her parents. A. was drawn to B. set about C. was at the mercy of D. got pushed into 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管艾米丽热爱文学，梦想成为一名小说家，但她在父母的逼迫下从事了医学事业。A. was drawn to被吸引到……；B. set about开始着手；C. was at the mercy of受……支配；D. got pushed into被迫去做。句中by her parents明确了动作的发出者是父母，got pushed into doing sth精准表达了艾米丽是在父母压力下选择医学职业的语境。 22. The university’s geology department arranged a weekend ______ to a local quarry, allowing students to analyze rock formations and collect fossil samples under the supervision of a professor. A. explosion B. exposure C. excursion D. exploration 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这所大学的地质系组织了一次周末采石场短途考察，让学生们在教授的指导下分析岩层并收集化石样本。A. explosion爆炸；B. exposure暴露；C. excursion短途旅行，研学旅行；D. exploration探索。根据“a weekend”及“to a local quarry”和 “analyze rock formations and collect fossil samples”可知，此处指学校组织的、为了教学目的的短途研学活动。 23. After years of saving, the couple decided to ______ beyond their comfort zone by quitting their corporate jobs and embarking on a year-long journey around the world. A. step B. expand C. adventure D. depart 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：攒了多年钱后，这对夫妇决定走出舒适区，辞去职场工作，开启为期一年的环球之旅。A. step迈步，踏出；B. expand扩张，拓展；C. adventure冒险；D. depart离开。根据by quitting their corporate jobs and embarking on a year-long journey around the world.可知，这对夫妇决定走出舒适区。 24. The athlete, who has already set three national records in diving and recently survived a near-fatal accident during a training session, is now constantly training to ______, aiming to break the world record. A. know no boundary B. push the limits C. stay in line D. make it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位运动员已创下三项跳水全国纪录，近期还在训练中侥幸躲过一场致命事故，如今仍不断训练挑战极限，志在打破世界纪录。A. know no boundary毫无界限、无止境；B. push the limits挑战极限、突破上限；C. stay in line保持一致、遵守规矩；D. make it成功、准时到达。结合后文“break the world record（打破世界纪录）”的语境，只有push the limits符合拼搏突破的语义。 25. People who choose fast food for convenience while complaining about fatigue (劳累) ______ — poor nutrition is the root cause of their low energy, not a lack of coffee breaks. A. miss the point B. hit the nail on the head C. sweep it under the rug D. kill two birds with one stone 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们为了方便选择快餐，却又抱怨身体劳累，完全没抓住重点——精力不足的根源是营养不良，而非缺少喝咖啡的休息时间。A. miss the point不得要领、没抓住关键；B. hit the nail on the head一针见血、说到点子上；C. sweep it under the rug掩盖问题、避而不谈；D. kill two birds with one stone一举两得。结合上文“People who choose fast food for convenience while complaining about fatigue”，这类人只看到表面劳累，找不到根本原因，对应短语miss the point。 Section B (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. resist B. demonstrated C. risky D. reflection E. simply F. internalize G. flourished H. potential I. rebellion J. truly K. defended What comes to your mind when you think about peer pressure? Is it a feeling of disappointment as you think back on the times you did something dumb ____26____ for social reward, or because of others’ influence? What if the same psychological forces that push us toward questionable behavior also hold the power to amplify good ones? We often talk about peer pressure as something to ____27____. We treat it like a villain in the story of decision-making. Peer pressure itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It’s a ____28____ and reinforcement of the behaviors, values, and choices a group desires most. The same social mechanisms that push people toward ____29____ behavior can also pull them toward cooperation and care. In one study, researchers observed how peer influence worked both ways. If popularity in a group was linked to aggression, aggressive behavior spread. However, if it was linked to kindness, prosocial behavior ____30____. Peer pressure can magnify whatever matters most to a group, workplace, or family. If a culture values risk or ____31____, that’s what spreads. But if a culture values curiosity, empathy, or cooperation, those qualities will grow. Research on child development shows that adolescents ____32____ social norms through peer interaction. In one study, researchers found that students who were considered the “popular” kids had stronger ____33____ to influence behavioral norms. If the popular students ____34____ more positive peer pressure examples such as cooperation and kindness, those behaviors were more likely to be repeated. The research around positive peer pressure in schools offers _____35_____ remarkable hope and opportunity for students. Kids who model empathy and responsibility can redefine what’s “cool” within their social groups and turn cooperation and kindness into desirable traits. Regardless of age, it’s easy to see how prosocial behaviors can spread. Whether kids see these behaviors modeled in our communities, homes, or at schools, the message remains: seeing good behaviors modeled can get others to follow suit. 【答案】26. E 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. G 31. I 32. F 33. H 34. B 35. J 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了同辈压力并无绝对好坏，既能催生不良行为，也能促进善行。同伴影响会塑造人的行为，积极的同辈氛围能传播友善合作，带来长远益处。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：是那种当你回想起自己因寻求社交认可或受他人影响而做出愚蠢行为时所产生的失望感吗？分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰目的状语，simply为副词，意为“仅仅、单纯”，符合“为了社交回报做傻事”的语境。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们通常将同伴压力视为需要抵制的东西。分析句子可知，此处为不定式作定语，空处为动词原形，resist“抵制”为动词，构成“something to resist”（需要抵制的事物），呼应后文“把同辈压力当成决策中的反派”。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：它只是反映了并强化了一个群体最渴望的行为、价值观和选择。分析句子可知，空前为不定冠词a，此处为单数名词形式，reflection为名词，与“reinforcement（强化）”并列的名词，意为“反映”，指同辈压力是群体主流价值观的反映和强化。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：推动人们走向危险行为的社会机制同样也能促使他们走向合作与关爱。分析句子可知，此处为形容词修饰 behavior，与后文“合作与关怀”形成正反对比，risky为形容词，指“有风险的、不良的”行为，符合语境。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，如果它与友善相关，那么助人行为就会蓬勃发展。分析句子可知，此处为动词过去式，与前文“spread（传播）”对应，flourished为动词，意为“蓬勃发展、盛行”，指亲社会行为会广泛流行，符合语境。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果一种文化重视冒险或叛逆，那么这种特质就会传播开来。分析句子可知，此处与“risk（冒险）”并列的负面名词，rebellion为名词，意为“叛逆”，符合 “不良文化会传播”的逻辑。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：儿童发展的研究表明，青少年通过与同龄人的互动来内化社会规范。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语，internalize为动词，意为“内化”，是发展心理学常用表达，指青少年通过同伴互动将社会规范转化为自身准则。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员发现那些被认为是“受欢迎”的学生具有更强的影响力来塑造行为规范的潜力。分析句子可知，此处为名词potential“潜力”构成固定搭配“have potential to do sth.”，意为“有做某事的潜力”，指受欢迎的学生有更强的影响力潜力，符合语境。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果受欢迎的学生表现出更多积极的同伴压力行为，比如合作和友善，那么这些行为更有可能被重复。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语成分，demonstrated为动词过去式，意为“展示、示范”，指受欢迎的学生做出合作、友善的正面示范。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：关于学校中积极的同伴压力的研究为学生提供了真正令人振奋的希望和机会。分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰形容词“remarkable”，truly为副词，意为“真正地”，强调正向同辈压力带来的巨大希望。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. withdraw B. isolated C. ties D. professionally E. venturing F. appreciate G. tipped H. preferences I. naturally J. rewiring K. inquire As an old saying goes, don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Still, many people who might follow this financial advice often ignore it when it comes to their daily lives: their self-esteem may depend on whether they get promoted at work, or their social ____36____ might rely on a single close friend. Just as putting all your resources into one stock is a recipe for financial disaster, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are ____37____ over: your company might go out of business. Similarly, your friend might ____38____ because they’re feeling stressed. Often, the solution to their problems lies in exploring these areas-essentially stepping outside their comfort zones. The same idea applies here: diversifying — creating new baskets — involves ____39____ into unfamiliar territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most lacking in your life socially or ____40____ that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to plan how to get there. If you’re quite ____41____, consider ways to expand your social network; if your professional self-esteem depends on your promotion, step back and ____42____ how much your professional skills have developed over time. But, if possible, also dig deeper. For example, having a small social circle could be the result of being ____43____ shy and having social anxiety, just as putting all your eggs in the job baskets is a byproduct of anxiety that keeps your world small. Ideally, focus on both what you can do to expand your world and attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following what excites you. Following excitement or simple ____44____ not only helps you break free from being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re _____45_____ your brain and lowering your anxiety. 【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. E 40. D 41. B 42. F 43. I 44. H 45. J 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了生活中人们不应把情感寄托单一化，应通过走出舒适区、拓展社交与职业边界、遵从内心喜好等方式丰富生活支撑，从而缓解焦虑。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们的自尊可能取决于工作中是否得到晋升，或者他们的社交关系可能依赖于某一个亲密的朋友。形容词social后需接名词，tie表示“关系，联系”，social ties为固定搭配，意为“社交关系”。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：正如把所有资产都投在一只股票上注定会招致财务危机一样，只依靠一两个“篮子”来承载你的情感需求，一旦这些“篮子”被打翻，也会招致麻烦：比如你所在的公司可能会倒闭。空前if those baskets are提示此处为被动语态，空处需填过去分词，tip over为固定短语，意为“打翻，弄翻”，tip的过去分词为tipped。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：同样，你的朋友可能会因为感到压力大而疏远。情态动词might后接动词原形，根据后文because they’re feeling stressed可知，朋友可能会因为感到压力大而疏远自己。withdraw表示“退出，疏远”。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：多样化 —— 建立新的“篮子”—— 意味着涉足不熟悉的领域，尝试新事物。involve后接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，建立新的“篮子”意味着涉足不熟悉的领域。venture into为固定搭配，意为“冒险进入，涉足”，venture的动名词形式为venturing。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：问问自己在社交或职业上最缺乏什么，需要去培养什么？连词or连接并列成分，socially为副词，此处也应用副词，professionally表示 “职业上，专业上”与socially并列。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你相当孤僻，就想办法拓展你的社交圈。空前are后接形容词作表语，根据consider ways to expand your social network可知，性格孤僻就需要拓展社交圈。isolated表示“孤僻的，孤立的”。 【42题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：如果你的职业自尊完全取决于能否升职，退一步，体会一下你的专业技能随着时间推移提升了多少。连词and连接并列祈使句，此处用动词原形，根据句意可知，此处建议人们退一步，体会一下自己专业技能的提高。appreciate表示“领会，体会，欣赏”。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：例如，社交圈狭小可能是天生害羞且患有社交焦虑的结果，就像把所有希望都寄托在工作上，是让自身世界变得狭小的焦虑所产生的副产品一样。修饰形容词shy需用副词，naturally表示 “天生地，自然地”，符合句意。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：遵从内心的兴奋或简单的偏好，不仅能帮你摆脱他人认可的驱使，同时也能为你指明内心真正渴望与需要的方向。形容词simple后接名词，根据前文“try following what excites you”可知，要遵从自己的喜好。preference表示“偏好，喜好”，符合句意。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过让这些积极情绪指引你，你正在重构大脑、降低焦虑。空前are及空后and lowering提示此处为现在进行时，此处表示你正在重构大脑，rewire表示“重新连接，重构”，其现在分词形式为rewiring。 III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’ = 45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the ___46___ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in ___47___ the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network ___48___ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized ___49___ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These ___50___ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. ___51___, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will ___52___ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. ___53___, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is ___54___ when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, ___55___ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your ___56___ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, ___57___ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado ___58___. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, ___59___ which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek ___60___ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 46. A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value 47. A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding 48. A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of 49. A. structure B. system C. mode D. style 50. A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics 51. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly 52. A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue 53. A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary 54. A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available 55. A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending 56. A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular 57. A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular 58. A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign 59. A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending 60. A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelter 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加天气预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。天气雷达技术的进步，尤其是NEXRAD这种雷达体系，能够更准确及时地预报不同程度的天气状况，进而给人们警告，让人们采取适当的防范措施。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加风暴预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。A. loss 失去；B. increase 增长；C. protection 保护；D. value 价值。根据上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.”可知，历史上，许多人死于恶劣天气。结合此句句意，科学家应该是研究新方法减少生命的损失，故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，这使得预报风暴路径的精确度更高。A. changing 改变；B. controlling 控制；C. predicting 预测；D. guiding 指导。根据此句句意可知，天气雷达技术已经取得了进步，所以“预报”的精确度更高，故选C。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。A. faced with 面对；B. exposed to 暴露；C. involved in 包含在……，与……有关；D. made up of 组成。分析句子结构可知，此空是过去分词作a tracking network的后置定语，结合空后宾语以及选项可知，此处表示“一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络 ”。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨中，这个高分辨率的计算机系统读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速。A. structure 结构；B. system 体系；C. mode 方式，风格；D. style 方式，样式。上文“Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar).”提到了使用这种被称作NEXRAD的先进的追踪系统，用这个系统，气象学家和科学家已经能够成功地跟踪严重的雷暴和可能的龙卷风，所以此处指的就是这个系统。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些读数被传回当地的气象计算机，屏幕上会出现一幅彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气情况。A. figures 数字；B. data 数据；C. readings 读数；D. statistics 统计数字。上文“And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 　4　 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.”提到这种体系读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速这些数据，所以此处指的就是把这些传回当地的气象计算机的读数。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查副词短语辨析。句意：很有可能，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到电脑模拟的未来风暴的图像。A. Most likely 很有可能地；B. Most evidently 最明显地；C. Most interestingly 最有趣地；D. Most importantly 最重要地。副词修饰整句话，根据这句话句意和选项，可知此处表示的是，很有可能，你会在电视上看到电脑模拟的天气图像。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局（NWS）将为你所在地区发布严重雷暴警告的恶劣天气报告。A. decide 决定；B. estimate 估计；C. handle 处理；D. issue 宣布；公布。根据此句句意以及空后宾语severe weather reports“恶劣天气报告”，可知，此处表示有很严重风暴时，国家气象局会“发布”恶劣天气报告，故选D。 【53题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果这样的话，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强大的可读数的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。A. By the way 顺便说；B. In that case 在那种情况下；如果这样的话；C. To some extent 在某种程度上；D. On the contrary 正相反。根据上文“If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 　7　 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，雷达可以监测风暴情况，如果有严重的风暴，国家气象局就会发布严重风暴的天气报告，如果这样的话，这些报告会预测风暴将会引起怎样的风以及闪电，也就是通过雷达技术，会预测到风暴会产生的强风的风力和风速（就是readable winds可读数的风，也就是可测风力和风向的风)和闪电（就是detectable lightning可检测的闪电）。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当恶劣天气来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的。A. vital 重要的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. normal 正常的；D. available 可使用的，有空的。根据此句句意可知，此处表示，严重风暴来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的，这会让你清楚风暴的具体情况，进而做出合适的应对。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视屏幕上，你会看到降水图上有几种颜色，从蓝色（最轻）到黑色（最重）。A. expanding 扩大，增加；B. spreading 展开，打开；C. ranging (在一定的范围内)变化，变动；D. extending 延伸。根据空前句意，你可以看到降水图上的几种颜色，以及空后“from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest)”可知，此处表示的是这些颜色的变化范围。故选C。 【56题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你所在的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请小心。A. proper 合适的；B. specific 特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular 规则的，定期的。根据此句句意可知，此处表示的是你所在的特定区域。故选B。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地天气雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。A. straight 直的；B. unique 独一无二的；C. general 普遍的，总的；D. circular 圆形的，环形的。根据下文“the National Weather Service issued a tornado　13　”可知，气象局发布的龙卷风警报，既然是龙卷风，应该是环形风。故选D。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. process 过程；B. threat 威胁；C. warning 警告；D. sign 指示牌；迹象。根据此句句意，雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时。由此可知，国家气象局应会根据这些迹象，发布龙卷风警告。故选C。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴将经过的路径，指出哪些地区需要预警。A. indicating 表明，指出；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. revealing 揭示，显示；D. recommending 推荐。根据空前“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take”可知，该地区的气象学家预测风暴将经过的路径，这样就可以指出哪些地区需要预警，故选A。 【60题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，以便在风暴来袭前找到避难所。A. rescue 营救；B. residence 住所；C. support 支持；D. shelter 避难处，住处。根据句意可知，此处表示多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student. Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam. “It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.” And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea. Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式). And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June. 61. Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers? A. She is the youngest college student in the UK. B. She goes to university at a much earlier age. C. She often gets full marks in maths exams. D. She loves acting as a university student. 62. From the passage we can learn that _______. A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier D. Esther dislikes being taught at home 63. What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius? A. The gene from her family. B. Her course in the university. C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother’s homeschooling. 64. Esther can be described as a girl who _______. A. is ambitious and has a clear goal B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown C. is rebellious but ready to help others D. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself 【答案】61. B 62. C 63. A 64. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国天才女孩Esther Okade十岁上大学的故事。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.(但让这位尼日利亚裔英裔女孩脱颖而出的是，她也是一名大学生)”以及第二段中“Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. (Esther来自英国西米德兰兹地区的工业小镇Walsall，是英国最年轻的大一新生之一)”可知，使Okade变得不同的是她上大学的年纪要比别人早得多。故选B项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.(为了防止人们认为她的父母强迫她早早上大学，Esther并不这么认为。“其实我7岁的时候就想开始了。但是我妈妈不同意。”经过三年的恳求，埃菲妈妈终于同意了这个想法)”可知，Esther更早的时候就要求上大学了。故选C项。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.(Esther也不是家里唯一的数学奇迹。她6岁的弟弟Isaiah即将在6月份参加他的第一次A-level考试)”可知，Esther的弟弟也是一个数学天才。由此推知，是基因让她成为一个数学天才的。故选A项。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中Esther所说“I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.(我想在两年内完成这门课程。然后我打算在13岁的时候攻读金融数学博士学位。我想在15岁的时候拥有自己的银行，因为我喜欢数字，我喜欢人，银行是帮助人们的好方法)”可推知，Esther是一个有理想，有着清晰目标的人。故选A项。 (B) Guided Desert Adventure Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert. You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert. What’s included Pickup and drop-off 20 minutes of sandboarding 35 minutes of dune bashing 25 minutes of quad biking 10-minute camel ride Water and soft drinks A drive through a camel farm Additional information Requires a high level of physical fitness. Not suitable for children between 0 and 5. Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult. Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only. 65. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip? A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune. B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride. C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities. D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera. 66. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour? A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400. 67. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour? A. The show was great! I highly recommend! B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro. D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue. 【答案】65. D 66. D 67. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，为一个沙漠冒险的探险指南和费用信息。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章图片下第一段“With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.(参加这次旅行，您将有半天的时间在沙漠中进行冒险活动)”及第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点来开始你的旅程，有机会在该地区拍照)”可知，在此活动中，参与者可以用相机捕捉令人惊叹的沙漠景观。故选D。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Select time中US$ 55并结合最后一段“Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.(中午之后开始的旅游包括有糖果和水果的烧烤晚餐，每人只需额外支付45美元)”可知，下午2点的旅程要每个人另外加45美元，即，一共需要花费（55+45）*4=400美元。故选D。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Guided Desert Adventure(沙漠探险指南)”可知，这是一个探险活动，而非表演；根据文章图片下第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点，有机会在该地区拍照。在沙丘的顶端，您将有机会通过滑板滑下。从这里开始，你将准备好乘坐四轮驱动汽车去打一些沙丘。接下来，你将跳上一辆四轮摩托车，有时间在露天的沙漠里开车。最后，你将在沙漠的一小部分骑骆驼)”可知，旅行工具里没有提到地铁；观察图片可知，这是网上订购的，并非需要提前到买票，因此，之前参加过的人可能会评论“这很有趣，我享受其中的每一分钟。”故选B。 (C) From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 68. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 69. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 70. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 71. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions 【答案】68. A 69. C 70. A 71. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响，一项研究发现，在鬼屋景点里，身边有朋友可能会导致人更加紧张。另一项研究发现，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. (事实证明，这些景点是研究恐惧的好地方。它们帮助科学家了解身体对恐惧的反应，以及我们如何将某些情况视为令人愉快的刺激，而另一些情况则是真正可怕的)”可知，研究鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响。故选A项。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. (目前在墨尔本大学工作的心理学家、研究报告的合著者Sarah Tashjian和她的团队对156名成年人进行了研究，在参观期间他们每人都戴上了无线手腕传感器。传感器测量皮肤对压力和其他情况的反应)”可知，Sarah Tashjian和她的团队通过使用无线手腕传感器对鬼屋体验进行了研究。故选C项。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. (Tashjian和她的同事进一步发现，与朋友在一起时，生理上的刺激水平会增加，这与更强烈的恐惧感有关)”可知，Tashjian和她的同事发现和朋友在一起会提高生理刺激水平。故选A项。 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. (结果表明，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生)”可知，这项2020年的研究表明恐惧和快乐在一定条件下可以共存。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ____72____. In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older, researchers found that taking a multivitamin-multimineral supplement for two years modestly slowed two molecular signals for aging in the body known as “epigenetic clocks.” In the people who took the supplement, the clocks’ rate of increase slowed by around 1.5 to two months per year, compared with the clocks of those who took a placebo. The findings were published on Monday in Nature Medicine. ____73____. While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. “____74____,” he says. The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. ____75____. Still, in nutrition science, randomized clinical trials of this kind are rare. They aren’t generally required to sell supplements like multivitamins, even if the makers claim specific health benefits. A. Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. B. But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. C. Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. D. However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. E. In fact, recent surveys show that the popularity of multivitamins has been declining among health-conscious consumers. F. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the observed differences was negligible, and their clinical significance is completely meaningless. 【答案】72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了美国常见的复合维生素功效尚无定论，一项新研究发现它或可延缓生物衰老，但多位专家指出研究存在局限，呼吁谨慎看待该结论。 【72题详解】 上文“Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (复合维生素是美国最常见的膳食补充剂。人们服用这些药片是为了各种健康原因，但关于复合维生素对健康可能产生的作用的科学研究结果并不一致，而且它们均未获得美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。)”铺垫“复合维生素功效缺乏统一科学定论，也未获官方批准”的负面背景，后文“In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older (在一项涉及 958 名 60 岁及以上成年人的随机临床试验中)”直接展开一项关于复合维生素的新临床试验。B选项“But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. (但有趣的是，一项新的研究表明，每天服用复合维生素可能会减缓生物衰老。)”以But转折，精准引出“每日服用复合维生素或可减缓生物衰老”的核心研究结论，完美衔接背景与下文实验内容。 【73题详解】 下文“While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. (虽然研究人员在名为 PCPhenoAge 和 PCGrimAge 的两个表观遗传时钟上看到了效果，但研究中包含的另外三个表观遗传时钟在速度上并未显示出统计学上的显著变化。)”讲的是仅两项衰老指标有改善，其余三项均无明显变化，说明研究结果存在局限。A选项“Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. (未参与此次新研究的专家们呼吁谨慎对待。)”作为总起观点，先宏观提示理性看待结论，再用后文具体数据佐证“效果有限”，逻辑层级合理。 【74题详解】 上文“One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. (研究的一个优势在于，研究人员仔细地将服用维生素组人员的特征与服用安慰剂组人员的特征进行了匹配，科罗拉多大学安肖特分校的医学助理教授扎卡里·克莱顿如是说道，他本人并未参与此项研究。)”专家先客观肯定研究的优点（两组受试者特征匹配严谨）；空格处在专家的直接引语（引号内）中，需要用However转折，说出专家“呼吁谨慎”的具体理由：观测到的效果幅度很小，其临床意义尚不明确。D选项“However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. (然而，观察到的差异的幅度不大，其临床意义仍不确定。)”语气客观辩证，承接专家评价，先扬后抑，符合科普文严谨表达。 【75题详解】 上文“The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. (该研究并未考虑参与者在两年期间的具体饮食或身体活动情况。)”指出研究的缺陷“未考虑研究期间的饮食和运动情况”。C选项“Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. (他补充道，这些因素不能被排除，认为它们会对生物衰老产生影响。)”中Those factors精准指代前文的“饮食和身体活动”，he adds与前文he says形成连贯的专家发言，逻辑闭环。 *Part II I. Grammar (10*+10*) Section A Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given word to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. 76. Going on a spontaneous road trip is a way you can imagine __________ (escape) from the daily routine and have some fun. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to escape 【解析】 【详解】句意：来一场说走就走的公路旅行，是你能想到的摆脱日常生活、找点乐趣的一种方式。句中you can imagine是定语从句，修饰前面的a way，a way to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的方式”，用动词不定式作后置定语，因此空格处需要用不定式to escape。 77. The online retailer offered fast delivery services and excellent customer support, __________ (gain) a good reputation in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】gaining 【解析】 【详解】句意：该在线零售商提供快捷配送和优质客服服务，因此在市场上赢得了良好声誉。“(gain) a good reputation in the market”作结果状语，gain(赢得)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语The online retailer之间是主动关系，用现在分词gaining表示自然而然的结果。 78. The young artist has been refining her skills for years, and her works are getting closer to __________ (recognize) by the international art community, potentially opening new opportunities for her career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being recognized 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位年轻的艺术家多年来一直在不断磨练自己的技艺，她的作品正逐渐被国际艺术界所认可，这有可能为她的职业生涯带来新的机遇。此处to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，且recognize与works构成被动关系，故用being done形式。 79. She was extremely disappointed that the precious painting she had been looking forward to seeing was said __________ (steal) before the exhibition opened. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to have been stolen 【解析】 【详解】句意：她对此感到极为失望，因为她一直期待能看到的那幅珍贵的画作竟然据说在展览开幕前就已被盗了。此处为短语be said to do sth.，且steal与painting构成被动关系，先于谓语完成，应用to have been done形式。 80. __________ (work) tirelessly for months, the software development team finally succeeded in launching a revolutionary new application. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having worked 【解析】 【详解】句意：经过数月的不懈努力，软件开发团队终于成功推出了一个具有革命性的新应用程序。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，此处work先于谓语动词完成，且与team为主动关系，故用having done形式，首字母大写。 81. After __________ (refer) to as a “cradle of ancient civilization” due to its long-standing history and rich cultural heritage, China has been continuously striving to show the world its unique blend of historical depth and contemporary vitality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being referred 【解析】 【详解】句意：中国因悠久的历史和丰富的文化遗产被称为 “古代文明的摇篮”，此后一直努力向世界展示其历史底蕴与当代活力的独特融合。介词After后需接动名词形式作宾语，主语China与动词短语refer to as之间为被动关系，表示“被称为”，因此需要用动名词的被动形式being referred。 82. The city planners are on the point of having the new transportation system __________ (approve) by the government, which will significantly improve traffic flow in the urban area. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】approved 【解析】 【详解】句意：城市规划者即将让新交通系统获得政府批准，这将大幅改善城区交通通行状况。此处 the new transportation system（新交通系统）与 approve（批准）是被动关系，故用过去分词approved作宾语补足语。 83. Amidst growing concerns over the rapid deterioration of the local ecosystem due to industrial pollution, an environmental activist group demanded the factory owner _________ (cease) all operations immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】cease 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于工业污染导致当地生态系统迅速恶化，人们对此的担忧日益加剧，一个环保活动组织要求工厂主立即停止所有运营。demand后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，此处cease作谓语，意为“停止”，用原形。 84. __________ (compare) with the conventional lecture-based education model, in which teachers primarily deliver information to students in a one-way fashion, the project-based learning approach encourages students to apply their knowledge and skills to solve complex problems（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Compared 【解析】 【详解】句意：与传统单向灌输知识的课堂教学模式相比，项目式学习鼓励学生运用知识和技能解决复杂问题。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主句主语the project-based learning approach与compare为被动关系（学习模式被拿来对比），用过去分词。 85. All the delicate artifacts __________ (damage) severely by the collapse of the ancient tomb during the excavation process, and the archaeological team had no choice but to suspend their work temporarily. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were damaged##had been damaged 【解析】 【详解】句意：在挖掘过程中，古墓坍塌导致所有精致的文物都遭到了严重损坏，考古队别无选择，只能暂时停工。根据后半句had可知，动作发生在过去，可以用一般过去时，也可以用过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，表示一个动作（文物受损）发生在另一个过去动作（停工）之前。主语All the delicate artifacts是复数，与动词damage之间是被动关系，因此既可以用一般过去时的被动语态were damaged，也可以用过去完成时的被动语态had been damaged。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year ____86____ they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, most Americans trust science ____87____ it does not challenge their existing beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends”. But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly functioning, questions ____88____ (accept) facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not cultivate trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in ____89____ is often perceived as its weakness: its drive ____90____ (question) and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them ____91____ (challenge) and even overturned. Doubt might be ____92____ (trouble), but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact ____93____ (block) the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the ____94____ (oppose) force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind scientism — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism ____95____ (stem) from a lack of confidence in the very existence of truth. 【答案】86. how 87. as long as 88. accepted 89. what 90. to question 91. are challenged##will be challenged 92. troubling 93. block 94. opposing 95. stemming 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了人们对科学的常见误解，指出科学的核心并非提供确定性结论，而是存疑与质疑，怀疑正是科学的真正力量，并分析了公众与科学之间存在的两种认知陷阱。 【86题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：年初我问学生们会如何定义科学时，许多人回答说科学是发现世界确定性的一种客观方式。空格处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句缺方式状语，表示“他们如何定义科学”，用how引导从句。 【87题详解】 考查条件状语从句。句意：例如：大多数美国人信任科学，只要它不挑战他们现有的信念。空格处引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，用as long as引导从句。 【88题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，正常运作的科学会质疑已被接受的事实，并带来新的知识和新的问题，而非确定性。空格处修饰名词facts，accept与facts构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted作定语。 【89题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：作为一名科学史学家，我认为科学家和科学史学家有责任表明：科学真正的力量恰恰在于通常被视为其弱点的地方：它去质疑和挑战一种可能的解释的驱动力。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，用what引导从句。 【90题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空格处作后置定语修饰抽象名词drive，表示“做某事的驱动力”，用不定式to question。 【91题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：从长远来看，它们中的许多会被质疑甚至被推翻。根据时间状语In the long run可用一般现在时表示客观情况，或一般将来时表示将来发生的事情，主语many of them与challenge构成被动关系，故用一般现在时被动或一般将来时被动，即are challenged或will be challenged。 【92题详解】 考查形容词。句意：怀疑或许是令人苦恼的，但它促使我们更好地理解事物。空格处位于be动词后作表语，修饰事物 doubt，表示“令人苦恼的”，用形容词troubling。 【93题详解】 考查时态。句意：确定性尽管看似令人安心，实际上却阻碍了科学进程。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语certainties为复数，谓语动词用原形block。 【94题详解】 考查形容词。句意：科学家理解这个，但在公众与科学之间的对立力量中，存在两个显著的陷阱。空格处修饰名词force，表示“对立的”，用形容词opposing。 【95题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一种是源于对真理存在缺乏信心的相对主义。空格处作后置定语修饰relativism，stem与relativism构成主动关系，用现在分词stemming。 II. Translation (3++3++4++5+) Directions: Translate the following phrases and sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 96. 这首歌很动人，她每次听都忍不住想哭。 (feel) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 【答案】The song is so moving that every time she hears/listens to it, she feels like crying. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述经常发生的事情，用一般现在时态；“这首歌很动人”是主句，“动人的”用形容词moving，作表语，全句译为The song is so moving；“她每次听都忍不住想哭”作结果状语，用so...that...结构引出结果状语从句，其中“每次听”译为every time she hears/listens to it，every time引导时间状语从句，“忍不住想哭”译为she feels like crying，其中feel like doing为固定短语表示“忍不住做某事”。 97. 那些游客在徒步时迷路，你觉得该怪谁? (blame V.) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 【答案】Who do you think is to blame for those tourists getting lost during their hike? 【解析】 【详解】“该怪谁?”是特殊疑问句，表达为Who is to blame?，“你觉得”作疑问句中插入语，表达为do you think；“那些游客在徒步时迷路”是有人应该受到责备的原因，用介词for引出，“那些游客”表达为those tourists，“在徒步时迷路”表达为get lost during their hike，此处作介词for的宾语，用动名词形式getting lost。 98. 这位消防员宁愿冒着失去生命的危险，也不愿把被困的孩子留在燃烧的大楼里，他的无私之举颇为令人钦佩。(impress)（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】The firefighter would rather risk losing his life than leave the trapped child in the burning building, whose selfless act impressed us deeply. 【解析】 【详解】“这位消防员”用名词短语The firefighter作主语；“宁愿……，也不愿……”用固定结构would rather do sth than do sth表达，“冒着失去生命的危险”用risk losing his life作would rather的宾语，“被困的”用过去分词trapped作定语修饰child；“燃烧的”用现在分词burning作定语修饰building，故“把被困的孩子留在燃烧的大楼里”译为leave the trapped child in the burning building，“他的无私之举颇为令人钦佩”用非限制性定语从句表示，“无私之举”表示为selfless act，与“消防员” 之间是所属关系，用关系代词whose引导定语从句，“令人钦佩”即“使我们钦佩”表示为impress us。用副词deeply修饰动词，强调程度。描述过去的事情用一般过去时。 99. 尽管与固执己见的人争论纯属浪费时间，但如今我已到了这样一个阶段：我期待通过这些经历学会在压力下保持冷静。（waste; look）（汉译英） _________________________________________________ 【答案】Although it’s a waste of time arguing with people who stick to their own opinions, I have reached a point where I look forward to learning to stay/keep calm under pressure with these experiences. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、状语从句和动词。该句为Although表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，从句中，表示“和别人争论纯粹是浪费时间”应为固定句型it’s a waste of time arguing with people，后接who引导的定语从句，对people的修饰，表示“那些坚持自己观点的人”可译为who stick to their own opinions；主句中，表示“我已经达到了这样一个阶段”可译为I have reached a point，后接关系副词where引导的定语从句对先行词point的修饰，look forward to doing，表示“期望做某事”，表示“通过这些经历学会在压力下保持冷静”应为动词短语stay/keep calm under pressure with these experiences。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $